Polytechnic University of the Philippines

College of Engineering
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3
rd
Flr., CEA Bldg., Anonas St. cor. Pureza St., NDC Compound, Sta. Mesa, Manila










SUBMITTED BY:

GROUP 1




BSECE V-1


SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. JOHN ERVING MELENDRES


MICROWAVE LINK DESIGN COMPUTATION
ITEM 1: TERMINAL SITE LOCATION
SITE NAME LONGITUDE LATTITUDE
SITE 1 Tubigon 54 956'44. 96"N 12357'43.44"E
SITE 2 Cogon 110 939'12. 16"N

12351'40.37"E


Tubigon, Bohol SITE 1

Cogon, Tagbilaran, Bohol Site 2









Site A to Site B with the First Fresnel Field

ITEM 2: SITE DESCRIPTION
A. ELEVATION
Site 1 on Tubigon, Bohol is 54ft above sea level and Site 2 Cogon, Tagbilaran, Bohol is 110 ft
above sea level.

B. POPULATION
On 2010, an estimated 44,902 were residents of Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol, and an estimated
17,266 were residents of Site 2 Cogon, Tagbilaran, Bohol

C. LAND AREA
Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol has a land area of 81.87 km
2
, and Site 2 Cogon, Tagbilaran, Bohol has
a land area of 2.04451 km
2.

D. NO. OF BARANGAYS
There are eight (8) barangays on Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol and 34 barangays on Site 2 Cogon,
Tagbilaran, Bohol.

E. MEAN TEMPERATURE
The average temperatue on Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol is 32.25
o
C, and the average temperature
on Site 2 Cogon, Tagbilaran, Bohol is 33.12
o
C.

F. MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
The highest temperature recorded on Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol is 34.11
o
C, and on Site 2 Cogon,
Tagbilaran, Bohol, is 33
O
C.
G. MEAN HUMIDITY
Elevation Profile between Site 1 and Site 2

The mean humidity for Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol is 54%, and on Site 2 Cogon, Tagbilaran, Bohol
is 58%.

H. PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
The bar graph below shows the amount of rainfall on Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol.

The table below shows the amount of rainfall on Site 2 Cogon, Tagbilaran, Bohol.

Precipitation mm
(inches)
54.9
(2.16)
64
(2.5)
89.2
(3.51)
53.8
(2.12)
62.2
(2.45)
96
(3.78)
92.7
(3.65)
84.6
(3.33)
74.9
(2.95)
Precipitation mm
(inches)
117.9
(4.64)
124.7
(4.91)
101.1
(3.98)
1,015. 5
(39.98)

I. MEAN WIND SPEED
The mean wind speed on Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol is 11 km/h, and on Site 2 Cogon, Tagbilaran,
Bohol is 18 km/h.

J. MAXIMUM WIND SPEED
The maximum wind speed on Site 1 Tubigon, Bohol is 21 km/h, and on Site 2 Cogon,
Tagbilaran, Bohol is 26 km/h.

K. GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE
Surrounded by sea, but shielded from the strongest effects of tropical cyclones that often
hit other parts of the Philippines by the surrounding Islands of Cebu, Mindanao, Samar and
Leyte, Bohol has a very nice, tropical climate without much variations.

The nicest period to stay in Bohol is from November to February, when the climate is slightly
cooler, while during the "Summer", which lasts March to May, the climate is slightly hotter
than normal. Bohol does not have a very clear-cut dry season. It can rain any day of the
year, but you wil have more chance for a heavy shower from November to January. If you
want to see the Chocolate Hills in their "Chocolate" color, you will have to go their during
the "Summer".

L. INFRASTRUCTURES
The following are some of the distinguished infrastractures located within the path of Site 1
and Site 2.
Seaports
The Tagbilaran City Wharf, now called the Tagbilaran City Tourist Pier, has port facilities
such as:
265.8 metres (872 ft) berth length and 2 dedicated berths for fast boats
2 roll-on/roll-off ramps, 1,820 square metres (19,600 sq ft) storage area
average cargo handling capacity of 49,000 tons accommodating 10 to 20 footer vans
container traffic of 5,142 TEUs
There are 9 daily ship calls to Cebu, 5 being fastcraft ferry trips. Daily passenger traffic is
approximately 4,000. Other regular destinations are Manila (four times a week), CDO
City, Dumaguete, Dipolog, Iligan, Larena, Plaridel and Ozamiz City. There are other
smaller ports that cater to Cebu and northern Mindanao routes. The Port of Tubigon,
the busiest among the smaller ports offers more than ten daily round trips plying the
Cebu-Bohol route. The Catagbacan Port in Loon serves the roll-on roll-off services
between Cebu and Bohol for those who have vehicles plying this route. The Port of
Jagna offers services that ply between Bohol to Cagayan and Camiguin (with roll-on/roll-
off) route. The other ports are Ubay, Talibon, Getafe, Buenavista, and Clarin.
Media Organizations
Bohol has 2 major AM radio stations namely DYRD and DYTR, both based in Tagbilaran
City. Another AM radio station, DYZD, based in Ubay, is being operated by DYRD. Both
DYRD and DYTR also operate FM stations with the same names. There are multiple
weekly or bi-weekly newspapers like Bohol Chronicle, Sunday Post, Bohol Times, Bohol
Standard and Bohol Bantay Balita. An online news website called Bohol News
Daily aggregates news from various sources.
Telecommunications
Bohol is wired with telephone facilities that provide domestic and international linkages,
supplied by three service providers: PLDT, Cruztelco and Globelines. Mobile phone
firms, Globe, Smart, and Sun Cellular have also established entry in the province.
Access to telecommunications can also be made easily in the towns through the 138
public calling stations. Forty-three (43) payphone stations are conveniently located in
strategic places and major commercial centers in the capital city.
A project with Globelines involved the installation of a province-wide landline
connection increasing the number of lines from 2,000 to 13,000.
Road system
The road network is well-developed facilitating access to all barangays. The P1.2 billion
Bohol Circumferential Road Project, coveri ng a total of 262 kilometres (163 mi) along
the national highway, will improve the road network. Phase I of the project, which will
link about half of the province from Calape to Candijay, is ongoing.

M. INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
Tourism plays an increasing role in the island's economy. An international airport is currently
planned for Panglao which houses the most-visited and accessible beaches in the province.
Proponents of the scheme hope that the new airport will increase Bohol's reputation as an
international tourist destination although the plan has been dogged by ongoing criticism.
Employment was predominantly agriculture-led. Bohol's inflation rate in 1999 increased to
11.3%, 2.5 percentage points higher than the rate in 1998. The purchasing power of the
peso at 1988 prices was pegged at P0.71 in 1999, among the lowest in the region. A slight
difference in the minimum daily wage rates between Tagbilaran City and Bohol's
municipalities was also noted at P121.00 for the city and P108.00 in the municipalities.
Aside from its pristine white-sand beaches and the Chocolate Hills, Bohol's tourism assets
also include centuries-old churches and towers, scuba diving haven, majestic falls and caves
and historical landmarks as well as primitive and exotic fauna and flora. Different tourist
destination sites have been developed by the Government to boost this industry.

N. POWER AND WATER SUPPLY
Power
The province is fully energized with the National Power Corporation being the sole supplier.
Actual generation capability of 93.5 megawatts is supported by the following facilities:
Diesel Power: 18 MW
Loboc Hydroelectric: 1.2 MW
Janopol Hydroelectric: 1.8 MW
Power Barge 105: 10.5 MW
Power Barge 207: 30 MW
Power Barge 101: 32 MW
A mini power plant of the Bohol Electric Cooperative serves the five barangays of Cabilao
Island in Loon town. The 21 billion Leyte-Bohol interconnection now brings geothermal
power of higher capacity base 80-100 megawatts.

Water

Water supply is made available in Tagbilaran City and in the nearby municipalities on a 24
hour-basis with completion of the Tagbilaran Water Supply Project. Thirty-two (32) deep
wells with submersible pumps operate at a daily capacity of 19,000 cubic meters.
Several water projects are in the pipeline to respond to water requirements for both
domestic and industrial use. The Central Visayas Water and Sanitation Project and the
construction of Level III water systems have made water available in 16 other municipalities.
Likewise, the development of Ujan Spring in Cortes with a daily capacity of 3,500 cubic
meters and Loboc River which will generate at least 100,000 cubic meters daily capacity are
currently being pushed.


O. TRANSPORTATION
Tubigon
Road
The main National Road is paved and provides easy access to neighboring coastal
communities, with travel time to Tagbilaran City taking about one hour. There are inland
roads to Catigbian and San Isidro, mostly unpaved and in various stages of upgrading.
Public utility buses are available daily on routes to any point within the province of
Bohol. Trips to the capital city of Tagbilaran are on a 30 minute interval. Car and van are
available for rent or charter anytime.
Boat and ferry
Tubigon's municipal port is the second largest and busiest port in the province
of Bohol. It is being served by 6 conventional vessels and 2 modern fastcrafts with a
total of 20 trips daily to Cebu City. A roll-on/roll-off ferry is also operational making two
trips daily.
There is no scheduled ferry service to smaller outlying islands, but outrigger
canoes may be chartered anytime.

Tagbilaran
Getting around Bohol can be quite tricky, but as long as you remember a few
bits of information you can move around easily and safely.
The major mode of transport in Tagbilaran City and other places in Bohol is the tricycle,
a small cab powered by a motorcycle that can accommodate up to 3 passengers.
Tricycles are usually limited only to the city or town where they are licensed to operate,
but in some cases they can convey you to neighboring towns. The normal rate for
tricycles in Tagbilaran City is 7 pesos per kilometer.
Aside from tricycles, there are also jeepneys and multicabs plying their routes within the
city and outside. Jeepneys are colorful jeeps with two long benches opposite each other.
Sometimes, wooden benches are placed in the middle to accommodate more
passengers, but this makes it difficult for passengers to disembark. Multicabs are plain-
looking vehicles that resemble a small van, but it has open windows just like the
jeepneys.
Sometimes, there are places in Bohol that cannot be reached by common modes of
transportation like the tricycle or bus. Habal-habal (motorcycle) drivers are popular
among rural folks because of this reason. However, riding a habal-habal is not always a
safe choice because of its illegal, unlicensed nature and sometimes drivers tend to drive
fast without any head gear.
P. INVESTMENT AREAS AND LIVELIHOOD
I. Natural Resources
Minerals
About half of the province is covered with limestone and other non-metallic
minerals like high-grade silica, guano and clay. For instance, the limestone deposit in
Garcia-Hernandez covers a 640 hectare-spread with 600 million tons available for
processing by the Philippine Sinter Corporation.
Forest Products
Vines and fibers constitute Bohol's vegetation, which are sources of indigenous
raw materials for its handicraft industry.
Water Resources
An abundant supply of surface water is provided by 434 springs, 59 rivers and
197 creeks provide abundant supply of surface water - a ready reservoir for a water
development program.
Eco-Tourism
Bohol is gaining prestige as a prime eco-cultural tourist destination in the region.
Like the other islands in the region, Bohol has an abundance of pristine white sand
beaches and azure blue waters. Coral reefs teem with a variety of picturesque marine
life. Most notable of these sites and increasing in world renown are those found in
Pamilacan, Balicasag, and Cabilao islands, now becoming havens for tourist and scuba
divers.
Inland, serving as magnets for local and foreign tourists, are sights that are equally
remarkable. These are Bohol's natural and cultural wonders. Some of these sites earned
worldwide interest, such as: the 1,268 perfectly-coned haycock hills, more popularly
known as the Chocolate Hills, hunched together with elevations of 40-120 meters high.
There are the Baclayon Church, the best-preserved Jesuit-built church in the region; and
the reclusive Philippine Tarsier, the world's smallest primate endemic only to Bohol and
a protected species.
Gradually taking shape is the 2,000-hectare Panglao Island Tourism Estate (PITE) just off
Tagbilaran City. Declared as a flagship project of the government, the PITE is one of the
five tourist satellite destinations in the country where investments in hotel/resort
complexes, convention facilities, sports/recreational facil ities, golf courses, shopping
centers, retirement and handicrafts village and marina are being promoted.
Agriculture and Aquaculture
Its agricultural area is estimated at 60% of the total land area, or about 256,400
hectares. With most of its land utilized for agriculture, the province is considered as a
potential food granary of the Central Visayas region.
Coconut is grown in 63,500 hectares. Rice, the staple crop, is cultivated in 50,561
hectares, with irrigated ricelands comprising only about 32%, or 19, 259.04 hectares.
Corn, on the other hand, is grown in 19,347 hectares. Mango is an emerging product
with 120,000 fruit-bearing trees and 180,000 more by the turn of the century. Mango
harvest reached 422 metric tons in 1996. But Bohol is best known for its ubi kinampay,
an aromatic purple yam.
Prawns are directly exported to Japan. Lobster, seaweeds and milkfish are likewise
harvested. Seaweeds of the eucheuma variety are cultured and marketed to Cebu for
processing into various grades of carageenan.
Special Economic Zone
The northeastern strip of Bohol which faces Cebu has been identified as viable
areas for development of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) as part of the Regional Growth
Corridor (RGC). These SEZs shall enable the province to gain economic headway as an
agro-industrial center in the region. Already, areas suitable for industrial sites have been
consolidated to provide easy entry for investors.
Great opportunities exist for complementation between these SEZs and those found in
the eastern coast of Cebu, such as the MEPZ I and II. Investment opportunities would be
in the areas of agri-business, light manufacturing, and even eco-tourism.
Tagbilaran City serves as a major service center for various tourist packages in the
province. Three major tourism circuits have been identified that offer diverse attractions
to tourists and guests.
On top of all these, the Local Government Unit is providing a vibrant atmosphere for
investments in Bohol. The Bohol Investment Code has been passed which establishes
both fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, and investment mechanisms that are investor-
friendly. Special assistance services will also be extended in the ecozones.
The Bohol Investment Promotion Center has been set up to cater to investors' needs.

ITEM 3: AZIMUTH and PATH LENGTH

Point A. lat: 956'44.96"N long:12357'43.44"E
Point B. lat: 939'12.16"N long:12351'40.37"E

1 min = 1/60 degree = 1.852 km

PATH PROFILE DATA SHEET
Distance
from Si te
A (km)
Distance
from Si te
B (km)
Ground
El evati on
(m)
Fresnel
Radi us (m)
(n = 1)
Type of Terrai n
Hi ghest
Obstructi on
(m)
Path
El evati on
(m)
0 34.19 20.7 0 Grass land and Resi denti al 0.1 46
1 33.19 20.5 7.105 Grass land and Resi denti al 0.1 48
2 32.19 21.4 9.895 Grass land and Resi denti al 0.2 47
3 31.19 20.7 11.929 Grass land and Resi denti al 0.1 46
4 30.19 19.9 13.552 Grassland 0.7 45
5 29.19 20.3 14.899 Grassland 0.2 44
6 28.19 19.8 16.039 Grassland 0.1 43
7 27.19 21.0 17.014 Forest 7.6 41
8 26.19 17.4 17.851 Forest 10.6 37
9 25.19 16.5 18.569 Grass land 0.1 37
10 24.19 14.6 19.181 Forest 7.9 36
11 23.19 12.4 19.697 Grassland 0.2 35
12 22.19 15.9 20.124 Grass land 3.4 34
13 21.19 15.7 20.469 Grassland 2.1 34
14 20.19 10.1 20.734 Grassland 0.3 33
15 19.19 15.6 20.923 Forest 6.7 31
16 18.19 15.5 21.039 Grass land and Resi denti al 2.7 31
17 17.19 12.4 21.082 Grass land and Resi denti al 2.5 30
18 16.19 17.4 21.053 Grass land and Resi denti al 2.4 28
19 15.19 19.2 20.951 Grass land 0.1 28
20 14.19 21.5 20.776 Grass land 0.2 27
21 13.19 23.2 20.525 Forest 4.6 26
22 12.19 24.5 20.196 Grassland 0.3 25
23 11.19 26.8 19.785 Forest 5.2 32
24 10.19 30.7 19.286 Resi denti al 3.9 32
25 9.19 33.4 18.693 Grassland 0.2 34
26 8.19 34.8 17.996 Resi denti al 2.3 36
27 7.19 36.8 17.183 Resi denti al 2.5 37
28 6.19 37.5 16.236 Forest 4.8 41
29 5.19 40.1 15.130 Forest 4.7 43
30 4.19 43.9 13.827 Forest 3.6 49
31 3.19 44.8 12.264 Forest 5.2 51
32 2.19 46.3 10.324 Rocky, Hi gh-Terrai n 0.2 54
33 1.19 48.7 7.728 Rocky, Hi gh-Terrai n 0.2 57
34 0.19 50.6 3.135 Rocky, Hi gh-Terrai n 0.3 60

COMPUTATION:
Freznel Zone
1st Freznel : where n = Freznel Zone = 1
F1 =

Height of Antenna:
For Tx:
H
TX
= H
O
+ F
1
+ GE
HO
GE
0

= 17.851 + 10.6 + 17.4 20.7
= 25.151 m

For Rx:
H
RX
= H
O
+ F
1
+ GE
HO
GE
20
= 50.6 (17.851 + 10 + 17.4)
= 5.349 m
ITEM 4: ANTENNA GAIN
5.25-5.8 GHz parabolic antenna = 37.6 dbi
Transmitter Antenna:
CommScope - 5.25-5.85GHz 37.6dBi 6' Microwave Dish, N Female
Technical Specifications:
Pressure None
Frequency 5.25-5.85
Diameter 6 ft
Gain at Low (dBi) 37.0
Gain at Mid (dBi) 37.6
Gain at High (dBi) 38.1
Front to Back Ratio (dB) 41
Connector N Femal e
XPD (dB) 30
Polarization Dual Pol arized
Return Loss (dB) 14.0
Ship Dimensions (L x W x H) 73" x 72" x 33"
Recommended Radome Includes Gray Molded Radome
VSWR (max) 1.50
Weight Lbs. (kg) 185 lbs.

ITEM 5: FREE SPACE LOSS

FSL = 92. 4 + 20 log (fGHz) (D)

LBF: FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (5.55) (34.19)
= 137.96 dB

HBF: FSL = 92.4 + 20 log (6.05) (34.19)
= 138.71 dB
ITEM 6: RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL
PATH LINK BUDGET

RSL = Po + AGTx+ AGRx- CLTx- CLRx- WLTx- WLRx FSL

Values for Low Band Frequency at 5.55 GHz
Parameters Value Unit
Microwave Radio Output Power 22.20 dBm
Connector Loss (Tx) 0.5 dB
Waveguide Loss (Tx) 9.33 dB
Antenna Gain (Tx) 37.6 dBi
Free Space Loss 137.96 dB
Antenna Gain (Rx) 37.6 dBi
Waveguide Loss (Rx) 14 dB
Connector Loss (Rx) 0.5 dB
Power Input to Receiver (RSL) -64.89 dBm
Minimum Receiver Threshold -87.6 dB

LBF:
RSL = 22.2 + 37.6 + 37.6 0.5 0.5 9.33 14 - 137.96
RSL = -64.89dBm
Values for High Band Frequency at 6.05 GHz
Parameters Value Unit
Microwave Radio Output Power 22.20 dBm
Connector Loss (Tx) 0.5 dB
Waveguide Loss (Tx) 9.33 dB
Antenna Gain (Tx) 38.1 dBi
Free Space Loss 138.71 dB
Antenna Gain (Rx) 38.1 dBi
Waveguide Loss (Rx) 14 dB
Connector Loss (Rx) 0.5 dB
Power Input to Receiver (RSL) -64.64 dBm
Minimum Receiver Threshold -87.6 dB

HBF:
RSL = 22.2 + 38.1 + 38.1 0.5 0.5 9.33 14 138.71
RSL = -64.64 dBm
ITEM 7: RAIN LOSS
Polarization
FREQUENCY kH H kV V
5GHz 0.001103 1.2338 0.0009829 1.1805
6GHz 0.001813 1.3068 0.001603 1.2662

Averafe Rainfall = R
0.01 = 100 mm/hr

R
(dB/km) = kR

R
(dB/km) = 0.001103(100)
1.2338

R
(dB/km) = 0.324 dB/km
p p
p
A
A
10
log 139 . 0 855 . 0
01 . 0
07 . 0

= 0.07(0.01)
-(0.855 + 0.139log (0.01))

= 0.99793 dB

ITEM 8: FADE MARGIN

Oxygen Absorption Loss (OAL)

x = 0.18823

6.33206 x 10
-3
dB/km

6.33206 x 10
-3
)(34.6)

0.21909 dB

Water Vapor Loss (WVL)

x = 0.07844

WVL = 0.07844(5.8)
2
(10)(10
-4
)
WVL = 0.02639 dB/km

A
WVL
= 0. 02639(33.9)
A
WVL
= 0.91602 dB

RSL = Po + AGTx+ AGRx- CLTx- CLRx-
WLTx- WLRx FSL Propagation Losses

Propagation Losses = Oxygen
Absorption Loss + Water Vapor Loss +
Rain Loss

RSL = Po + AGTx+ AGRx- CLTx- CLRx-
WLTx- WLRx FSL Propagation Losses

RSL = -94.64 dB (0.99793 dB +
0.21909 dB + 0.91602 dB)

RSL = -96.77 dB

Receiver Threshold

Rx
threshold
of 5.8 GHz
With BER of 10
-6
= -76.15 dBm
= -106.15 dB

FM = RSL Rx Threshold
FM = -96.77 (-106.15)
FM = 9.38 dB


ITEM 9: RELIABILITY
Undp = (ab) (2.5 x 10
-6
) (f) (D
3
x 10
-FM/10
)

where:
a = roughness factor
a = 4, for very smooth terrain, over water, flat desert
a = 1, for average terrain with some roughness
a = or 0.25, for mountainous, very rough or very rough terrain
b = factor to convert a worst month probability to an annualprobability
b = 0.5, for hot, humid coastal miles
b = 0.25, for normal, interior temperature or sub-arctic area
b = 0.125, for mountainous or very dry but non-reflective areas
f = operating frequency, GHz
D = path length, miles
FM = fade margin

W =
W =

W = 8. 56544

a = K x (W/50)
-1.3
a = 5. 05x10
-6
x (8.56544/50)
-1.3

a = 5. 0047x10
-5


Undp = (ab) (2.5 x 10
-6
) (5.8) [(21.322)
3
x 10
-(9.38)/10
]
Undp = (5.0047x10
-5
) (0.125) (2.5 x 10
-6
) (5.8) [(21.322)
3
x 10
-(9.38)/10
]
Undp = 0.0000001

The percent reliability is computed from the outage probability by:
%R = 100 x (1 - Undp)
%R = 99.99999%