I
Crmbv:fra raJ berf Cr!:v!rfra:
rt Ia:uetrfrr
Abstraci
T|e Jesiga oliaJast.iaIaaJ maaieipaI iaeiae.ato.s
isbaseJ oaeombastioaaaJ|eateoasiJe.atioas.T|e
p.oeeJa.esa.egivealo.eaIeaIatiag t|eaaatitiesol
ai.,lIaegas, wate. aaJ |eat, as weIIas t|egastempe.-
ata.es.To assist t|e.eaJe., amaaieipaI iaeiae.ato.
isaseJasaaexampIe.T|e.eIatioabetweea.elase
aaaIysis aaJlIaegas aaaIysisisexpIaiaeJ.Seetioas
oaJ.yaaJwetJasteoIIeetioaa.eiaeIaJeJ.
Introruction
Iaeiae.atioaisa eombastioap.oeess w|ie| toJayis
|eeomiagmo.e tee|aieaIaaJ seieatilie. Mo.e aaJe.-
staaJiagol t|ep.oeesst|.oag| aaatitativemeasa.e-
aeataaJaaaIysiswiIIsa.eIyaiJia JeveIopiag t|eia-
tiae.ato.a.tasit|asimiIa.a.ts, sae|as steamgea-
ea:ioaaaJ gasmaaalaeta.e.
CoapIeJ wit|expe.ieaeelaeto.saaJ vaIiJassamp-
tioas, eombastioaaaJ|eat eaIeaIatioas a.eiavaIaabIe
iaJesigaiagaa iaeiae.ato.aaJia evaIaatiag itspe.-
|:aaee.T|esiziagolla.aaees,gaspassages, Jast
toHeeto.s, laasaaJstae|sa.ebaseJoaexpeetatioas
!e1
aeeJwit| t|e|eIpoleombastioaaadt|e.maI Jata.
T|e
pa.poseol t|ispape.is top.oviJe someol t|e
oet
|o1t
aaJ lo.maIas lo.estabIis|iag t|e.eIatioas|ips
|teat|eaaatitiesolai., .elase, .esiJae, wate.aaJ
fly
as|,
asweIIast|e|eataaJmate.iaIbaIaaees. h|.ea
IIow
s|eetaa1 tempe.ata.es|ave t|as beea estab-
i|e
Jlo. give.. .aeiae.ato.,t|e eagiaee. eaasize t|e
equ
ipm
ent. T|eIatte.sabjeet iaeIaJes maayexpe.ieaee
81
E. R. KAISER
Department of Chemial Eliginering
New York University
New York, New York
laeto.s beyoaJ t|eseopeolt|ispape..
T|emet|oJsaaJ p.oeeJa.est|atwiIIbe|eIplaI
s|aIIbe p.eseateJlo.a|ypot|etieaIiaeiae.ato.aaJ
.elase.0ata w|ie|wiIIbeassameJa.eeIosetot|ose
lo.aetaaIiaeiae.ato.saaJ.elase,bata.eiateaJeJlo.
iIIast.atioa oaIy.!aaetaaIJesig..st|e.eaJe.isaJviseJ
toaseJata t|atappIytot|eJesigas.
T|e eaIeaIatioasa.ep.eseateJiaabasie lo.mlo.
eIa.ityaaJlo.t|ep.eeisioaaeeessa.ylo.|eataaJma-
te.iaIbaIaaees. S|o.t eatsa.epossibIeaaJJesi.abIe,
espeeiaIIylo.aayspeeilietypeoliaeiae.ato.. Nomo-
g.ams,g.ap|s,tabIesaaJspeeiaIlaeto.sa.eavaiIabIe
eIsew|e.eo.maybep.epa.eJbyt|e.eaJe..oweve.,
oael.eaatIy.eta.astot|elaaJameataI .eIatioas|ips
aaJs|oaIJ.etaialaeiIity wit| t|em. T|eweig|t met|oJ
oleombastioa eaIeaIatioa isaseJia t|ispape..at|e.
t|aat|emoIemet|oJ. Bot|met|oJsa.eexpIaiaeJia
t|e3?t|eJitioaol'Steam
|IJ.
Example Incinerator
A|ypot|etieaImaaieipaIiaeiae.ato.la.aaeeisas
sameJ w|ie||aseoatiaaoase|a.giag,2J-|.a Jay, aaJ
eoatiaaoas.esiJaeJise|a.ge.
Rater Capacity. 0saaIIyexp.esseJastoaspe.
2J-|.,t|e.ateJeapaeityolt|isiaeiae.ato.is 2Jtoa
o.2,|bl
/'A
.elase.
/
.- """*^" ~
cntboa iat|e :esiJae, t|eaetaaI|eat:eIease :ateis
IO.89O Bta/ealt-|:.
G'.!S Cleaning. Beeaaseolt|eea::y-ove:ollIyas|
l:om i|ela:aaeeaaJeombastioa e|ambe:, aaJaIte:aa-
tivepossibiIitieslo: eIeaaiagt|e gases,eaIeaIatioas
wi 11 bep:eseateJlo:t|ela:aaee aaJeombastioae|am-
be:iaeombiaatioawit|:
IAsp.aye|ambe:loIIoweJbyaJ:y-typeJa-:sepa-
:ato:,!0laaaaJstae|.
2 Agasse:abbe:,!0laaaaJstae|.
ea.., t|e|ypot|etieaIiaeiae:ato: eoasists esseati-
aIIyof ala:aaeewit|eoatiaaoasH.a:giag,aeombastioa
e|ambe:,asp:ay e|ambe:lo: pa:tiaIIyeooIiagt|e
gasesaaJt:appiagsomelIyas|, oaeol seve:aImet|oJs
ol eoIIeetiagJast,aaiaJaeeJ-J:altlaaaaJstae|.
SteaJy-stateope:atioa is assameJ at:ateJeapaeity.
Basic Assumptions
Refuse. T|ee|a:giag :ate isassameJat 2O,OOO|b
aa |:ol:elaseeoasistiagol
Moisture
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Noncombustibles'
Per Cent
30.00
22.95
3.25
18.80
negl.
neg I.
25.00
100.00
T|eaet|yJ:ogea ] avaiIabIelo: eombastioaisJ.25
~ lI8.8O/8 O.9Ope. eeat. T|e boaaJwate:iat|e
lNon.comhustibles include asb, glass, ceramics. mineral dirt and
metah;, 3hv latter are partially oxidized, release hest, and increase
in weight. TI,e design calculations for the hurning of the metals
may he negh'cled in Ihis cssc.
82
*
above :eluse, w|.ie|is:eIeaseJ Ja:iag eombastioa, is
I8.8O9/8 2I.I5 pe: eeat olt|e :esiJae.
!aesseaee,t|eJ:yeombastibIematte:eoasistsia
t|isease ol 1 pa:ts ol eehaIose,sta:e|aaJsaga:
|C,//,,0,}aaJ Ipa:tol amixta:eolp:oteias,lats, oiIs,
waxes, :abbe:,pIasties,ete. T|emaiaeoastitaeatis
eeIIaIose, w|ie|Ii|esta:eI. aaJsagaj|ast|eloIIow-
iag ma|eap:
Per Cent
Carbon 44.4
Net hydrogen, (H) 0.0
Moisture (bound water) 55.6
100.0
Approximate higher
hooting value (HHV):
7500 Btu/lb |1J
T|emixta:e olp:oteias, lats, oiIs, ete. |as, lo:
p:aetieaI pa:poses, t|e loIIowiageompositioa:
Per Cent
Carbon 77.4
Net hydmgen, (H) 10.0
Moisture (bound water) 12.6
100.0
Approximate higher
hooting volue (HHV):
17,000 Btu/lb
Nit:ogeaisaboatO.J pe:eeataaJsaIla:isbeIowO.2
pe:eeatolmaaieipaI .elase.T|eya:eaotiaeIaJeJia
t|eseeaIeaIatioas. Bya:it|metie,t|eIIV ol t|eeom-
biaeJ:elase is
1l7,5OO lI7,OOO
~ ~ lO.15 12JOBta/|b.
5
=*
Air. Top:eveatla:aaeetempe:ata:es|ig|eaoag|to
eaasesIag to:aaJowat|ela:aaeewaIIs, eaoag|.ai:is
sappIieJ to eoat:oI t|etempe:ata:e ol t|ela:aaeeexit
gasesatIGOO-I8OO i. Asa li:stapp:oximatioa,t|eai:
tot|eg:ate aaJla:aaeeis2.Jtimes t|estoie|iomet:ie
ai: :eai:emeat, o: IJO pe: eeat exeessai:. T|eai:is
sappIieJat8Oi aaJ JO ia. Ig ba:omete:. T|eai: eoa-
taias O.OIJ2 |b wate:vapo:pe:|bJ:y ai:. T|eai:,
:elase,aaJ wate:lo:sp:aysa:e aIIassameJtobeat
8Oi. Ataayspeeilie IoeatioaaJille:eat setoleoaJi-
tioasmaybeassameJ.
Residue and Fly Ash. T|etotaIsoIiJ :esiJaeisas-
sameJtoeoataia Jpe.eeat ea:boa. AIIolt|eaaba:aeJ
ea:boaisassameJto:emaiaiat|eg:ate:esiJae, aI-
t|oag|iaaetaaIp:aetieesomeis Iost ia t|estae|
gases. T|e:esiJael:omt|eg:ateiseooIeJl:omI2OO i
toI5Oi by sp:ayiag wit| wate:o:J:oppeJiatowate:
belo:e:emovaIl:omt|e as|pit.T|e wate:vapo: p:o-
JaeeJ]oias t|ela:aaeegases.T|e ea::y-ove: olsoIiJs
wit|t|e la:aaee exit gasesisassameJat 1O|b/toa ol
A
:elase, o: 1OO|bpe:|:.
'
!
'
'
.`
ia
, oil,
| is
low_
0.2
j ia
eem-
gh ta
lir is
xit
ai:
ie
I
ea-
U\
1di-
as
rned
1-
oOF
L
IiJs
01
1*
IV
:|oa
g| t|ewaseaabep:eJieteJ :easoaaby we+:oa
(|::ma eoaJaetivities :lt|e:el:aeto:yaaJ iasaatioa.
Aiaate met|oJsoltempe:iagt|ela:aaeeexit
as:sia p:epa:atioalo:Jasteoeetioawibe1*
siJ
eteJiata:a. 0ay twoolmaaytypesolJast sepa:a-
loS
a:e eoasiJe:eJ. T|eatimate objeetiveistoeeaa
t\e
gasesto ega imits,w|ie|va:y wit|eommaaities
lam
aboatJ.0 to0.4bpe:J000bollaegas, eo:-
:etteJto50pe:eeatexeessai:.
Amoagt|emaayaestioasto|eaaswe:eJbyeaea-
,tioa a:e
J)howmae|ai: Joest|e la:aaee :eai:e?
2) |atist|elae-gasaaaysis?
8)Iatist|eaetaa efm lowiagl:omt|e|a:aaee to
i|esp:a, e|ambe:? F:omt|esp:aye|ambe:?
4) howmae|wate:is:eai:eJlo:t|esp:ay e|ambe:?
ro agasse:abbe:?
5)h|atist|esata:atioatempe:ata:eolt|elaegas,
aaiaJextow|
elogpamel:omt|e stae|?
6)IIoweaa t|e|ogpame!:omase:abbe:bep:e-
.eateJ?
?)h|atist|e Jast oaJiag olt|e stae| gases, eo:-
teeteJto50pe:eeatexeessai:?
Combustion Calculations
Refuse. Fo:eombastioapa:posest|e:elasemaybe
estateJiat|eloowiaglo:m:
Ca,bon: (0.2295) (20,000)
Less C ;n ,.s;due: (0.04)(0.25)(20,0001
(0.96)
Avo;loble hyd,ogen: (0.009)(20,000)
MOisture, initial: (0.30) (20,000)
bound water (0.2115)(20,000)
ReSidue, all forms
Ash, metal, gloss: (0.25) (20,000)
Carbon
4,590
C 208 4,382
180
C 6,000
4,230 10,230
5,000
208 5,208
Hourly total
Combustion. hea:eaow:eaJytoaaayzet|eeom-
|astioap:oeessiamo:eJetai.T|eli:staestioato
aaswe:is: how mae|t|eo:etieao:stoie|iomet:ieai
is
:eai:eJtoba:at|eea:bo: aaJavaiabe |yJ:ogea
asilieJ?
T|estoie|iomet:ie p:opo:tioasa:e:
|bea:boa :eai:esJJ.58bai: top:oJaee 8.6651bol
ta:boaJioxiJeaaJ.65 bait:ogea.Jb|yJ:ogea :e-
ai:es 84.84bai: top:oJaee.986 bol wate: vapo:
aJ26.404b ait:ogea.
T|eJ:yai:t|eo:etieay:eai:eJlo:eombastioa ol
t\e:e|aseaetaay ba:aeJis
or the co,bon: 4382 (11.53)
or the available hyd,ogen: 180 (34.34)
C 50,524 Ib;(ll
6,181
Theorotical dry air, hourly 56,705 Ibf ",
E)cess oir 1.30 7 56,705 73,717
Total dry air plr he C 130,422 I___
83
T|eeaeaatioasa:eea::ieJ beyoaJ t|e asaa8o: 4
sigailieaat liga:esto:eJaeeaJjastmeatate:ia t|e
|eataaJmate:ia baaaces.
0:yai: eoasistso|28.J5pe:eeat oxygeaaaJ?6.5
pe: eeatait:ogeaby weig|t, aaJ 20.9pe: eeatoxygea
aaJ?9.J pe: eeatait:ogeabyvoaae.Someeagiaee:s
ase2J.0aaJ?9.0pe:eeat, :espeetivey, lo:t|e voames.
AsoatJoo:ai:eoataiasmoista:e,itisstaaJa:Jp:aetiee
iaeombastioaeaeaatioaslo:boie:stoaJJ0.0J82b /
ol moista:e pe:bol J:y ai:.T|isvaaeeo::espoaJsto '
60pe:eeat :eative|amiJityat 0F J:y bab tempe:-
.
ata:e.
.
T.e wate: vapo: p:oJaeeJia aeae|iagt|e gae:esi
JaeisaJJeJto t|e |maaeegas.T|eJ:yg:ate:esiJae
is 520
JJ96
0.264?9.89)- JJ.96
JJ96 JJ96
J3Jx
2J.09~JJ.96 9.J3
42
2
28.6 l:om t|e weig|ts ol
4382+ J80
ea:boabaraeJaaJt|e
aet|yJ:ogea.
h|ea eeIIaIose,sta:e|,saga:o:ea:boaa:eba:aeJ
eompIeteIy,aIoaeo:iaaayeombiaatioa,t|e0:sat
:eaJiagsol 00,aaJ0,totaI20.9pe:eeat. h|easome
avaiIabIe|yJ:ogea isp:eseat,t|eto.aI ol 00, aaJ0,
is:eJaeeJ,w|iIeait:ogeaiae:easesabove?9.Jpe:
eeat.!lt|e0:{|l) :atioolt|elaeIbaaeJisaot|aowa,
itmaybeeaIeaIateJl:omt|e0:sataaaIysis,t|as:
00, 8.J5
0:{0):atio
F
8.80~0.42J00,+0,J 8.80-0.42J8.J5+JJ.9)
C 24.4.
4382
T|eaetaaI:atiowas~~F 24.4e|. !laIIt|eea:boa
J80
2At 60F, 30 in. Hg abs. press. The water vapor is not measured by
Orsat, hut would be determined by condensing the moisturo from a
measured volume of Hue gas. Incidentally, the Oaat apparatus
measures only to 0.1 per cent. A series of readings without error
must be averaged to obtain significant values bel'ond 0.1 per cent.
84
4590
|aJbeea ba:aeJ, t|e:atiowoaIJ |aveIcea_-2, '
Ifeaf Calculations
Furnace and Combustion Chamber. T|e|eatiaja
t|e|eatiag vaIae olt|e:elase, tow|ie|s|oaIJhe
aJJeJt|e|eatolvapo:izatioa olt|eai: moistaeQ
ot|e:wate: is iaitiaIIy iat|eIiaiJstate. T|ebas-
tempe:ataeis80F.
helase: 20,00 4230)
Ai:moista:e: J,?22J048.6)
84,600,000
I,805,690
TotaI|eatiapat 86,105,690 Btur.
T|e|aowa |eatIossesl:omt|e la:aaeeiaeIaJe.
J)SeasibIel:eatia ea::y-ove: soIiJsataaestim+i
J630F, sp. |t. olas| assameJat0.25.
4000.25)J630- 80) J55,000Btu'
2)SeasibIe|eatiaaeae|eJ g:ate:esiJae,
48080.25)J5080|
C 84,J40
3)SeasibIe|eatIostt|:oag|la:aaeeaaJ
eombastioae|ambe:eaeIosa:e J,800,000
4)Lateate|emieaI|eat olt|e ea:boa ia
t|e:esiJae: 208 J4,093) 2,93J,340
4,9?0,480Btu!'
T|e|eatolvapo:izatioaat80Flo:moista:eialh(
lIaegas isJ4,?06 J048.6) J5,420,?J0 Bta|. T|eh,
:emaiaiag lo:sae:|eatiaggasesaaJ vapo:above801
is
86,405,690-4,9?0,480-J5,420,?J066,0J4,500Btu', '
Ast|e:esaItaatgastempe.ata:eistobe:eaJo||
Fig. J,we mast li:st estabIis| t|e moista:eee.tea|
olt|e gasesiape:eeatot|e lIae gas,t|as:
J4,?06
9.85xmoistuebyweig|toltotaI
J33,3?5+J4,?06
lIaegas.
T|eeat|aIpyolt|elIaegasabove80F, wit|aII
moista:eia vapo:lo:m is
66
0J4
500
446Btu
J33,3?5+ J4,?06
i
Fig. JiaJieatesagastempe:ata:e olJ630Fat the ;
eombastioa-e|ambe:exit, |eaeet|eassameJtempe:+
ta:eis eo::eet. T|ewaII aaJa:e| tempe:ata:esiathe
la:aaeewoaIJp:obabIybesIig|tIy|otte:iat|e zoae |
1
eIosest:ot|e|ottestlIames. SIag JepositioaaaJ
aiagoat|ewaIIsis expe:ieaeeJ aboveJ800F. T|e_
sameJeoaJitioasaaJexitgastempe:ata:ea:eiat|e
:aageolgooJp:aetiee. T|etempe:ata:eeaabei-
I
"
e:easeJby Jee:easiagt|eamoaat olexeessai:eaie
iagt|ela:aaee.
T|e|eatbaIaaeelo:t|ela:aaee aaJeombastioa
e|ambe:,TabIe!!, eaabeeompIeteJwit|t|eaiJol
lResultant of successive approximations of exit gas temperature
from combustion chamber. The correcl temperature assumed must l
finally equal the temperature obtained from Fig. 1.
'
I
.J
J0
|e |ea.q_,
s|oaJ
be
moista
:d1
!+ T|eha"
.
`0,000
0,690
0,690 l|t '
.eiae;|;
..t aaest|
-
I55,000
Ill,
1ae,
=4,J40
mJ
800,000
91J,840
7I0,40Bit
tateial
Jt..T :!
' above0'
14,5| .+||
'e:eaJof
ueeoai:
us:
,|. oltol.'
, wit| a''
=446 BI!
30F at
i|
J temp
e:esia
i|
,1 ||e
/1
oa aaJ
OF. T|
.eia d.
|eia
aicnlt
.hasti
ai1
01
g_J&V"
lrn(
atcom tabes. Itisaotaeeessa, to ae|ieveapeleet
|a
aaee, miaoJilleteaeesma,beeat:ieJas 'aaae
;aaat
eJlo
.
woaJaeeo;apis. t|e tesat, ot watespta,s wit |o
.rit|oa
.2
.6
)
J
.4
J4
4
2J6pe:eeat,
w|ie|eompa:eswit| t|epe:eeat exeessai: byweig|t
Tota ai:-T|eo:etiea ai: J30,422 49,350- 56,?05
T|eo:eticaai: 56,?05
2.J? o:2J?pe:eeat e|.
Comblnee Process
7
T|e:esatobtaiaeJby t|ela:aaee, eombastioae|am
be:, aaJsp:aye|ambe:may le eompa:eJwit|t|e tota
iapatby a P:oeessMate:iasBaaaee aaJ P:oeessheat
Baaaee. Fo: t|is pa:pose t| p:oeessis eaJeJat t|e
Jise|a:gel:omt|e sp:ay e|ambe:.howeve:, p:ceess
baaaeeseaaasobep:epa:eJ toiaeaJeate:stagesi(
Jesi:eJ.
ML Y
PROCESS MATERIAL BALANCE-FURNACE,
COMBUSTION, AND SPRAY CHAMBERS
Input
Refuse, as fired
Dry Air
Air moisture at 0.0132 Ib/lb air
Quench and sluice water, 69.3 gpm
Output
Dry flue gas:
CO,
0,
16,073
28,498
N 138,154
Water vapor
Residue: Grate
Fly Ash
Sproy.chamber slurry
Water 4,998
Solids 175
Total input, I b
w
Lbil"
20,000
179,772
2,372
34,667
236,811
182,725
43,880
4,808
225
5,173
Totol output, Ib 236,811
!laJJitioaa| wate: is:et:eJlo:wettiagaaJ t:aaspo
t-
iag :esiJae, t|is ext:aY e:Joes aot alleett|e eom-
bastioa aaJ |eateaeaa.ioas.
1
`!
!1
t
I lI"'f>
tol111
'; 11.,1
' lhe
>'
:F
i[
Lb/r
'0.000
',14
2J
,t:|
t,sI
'2,JJ
J,bbv
,st
2J
11J
t,sI!
.
;gofl'
J"
l
1ML VI
PROCESS HEAT BALAHCE-FURHACI.
COMBUSTIOH, AHD SPRAY CHAMBERS
i: woaJ6e
J3J,9- 2,524 J03,3?4 |b pe:|:.T|e eo::eeteJ
Jast oaJiagoat|isbasiswoaJbe0.39?7 226,605/
J03,3?4C 0.?0|bpe:J000|boleoteeteJ||aegas.
T|e t|:eeeo::eeteJ JastoaJiags va:y l:om0.63 to
0.?0 |b pe: J000|boleot:eeteJ laegas, o:l:om weI
beowtoabove t|e oJ ASMI staaJa:J, JepeaJiagoa
iate:p:etatioaolt|emet|oJol eo::eetioa. T|e|ig|
moista:eeoateatoliaeiae:ato: :elase aaJ t|e elleet ol
sp:ayseaaset|eJille:eaeeia:esats.:,,t
tJo
a
olt|emet|oJ oleo::eetiagt|eJastoaJiagisaeeJeJ.
=.+ .~(,-~ .. . ,,.. . , . . _ ~
Flue-Gas Scrubber
T|easeollae-gaswas|e:so:se:abbe:swit|ia-
e iae:ato:sp:eseatsiate:estiagt|e:map:obems w|ie|
a:eameaabetoeaeaatioa. h|ea t|is met|oJ olgas
eeaaiag is aseJ,t|eeaipmeat beyoaJ t|eeombastioa
e|ambe:isa Jaetlo:aeae|iagt|egases, ase:abbe:
wit|Jemiste:,!0laaaaJ stae|. T|egaseseaviagt|e
eombastioa e|ambe:eate:t|eaeae| seetioaw|e:et|e
gasesa:eeooeJaaJsata:ateJ wit|sp:ay wate:.T|e
gasesaaJexeesswate:t|eaeate: t|e se:abbe:p:ope:.
T|e t|e:maexe|aageiat|ese:abbe: system |asaa
impo:taatbea:iag oat|e eompositioaol t|e gas-vapo:
mixta:e :eeeiveJby t|e |0laaaaJ stae|. Fo: t|eea-
eaatioast|e aeae| JaetaaJse:abbe:may be eoa-
siJe:eJ toget|e:. T|e se:abbe: wate:aaJ J630F lae
gasa:e iatimateymixeJaaJeome toeaiib:iamata
tempe:ata:ew|ie|ist|atolwate:-sata:ateJgas, aot
t|e boiiagpoiatolwate:.Asma exeessolwate:is
sappieJ tot|ese:abbe: to ea::awayt|e t:appeJly
as|via aaove:lowpipe.
T|eossia eat|apyolt|elaegaseaast|eea-
t|apygaiaeJby t|ese:abbe:wate:. Coeetioaelli-
eieaeyis obtaiaeJbyaaexpeaJita:eollaapowe:.T|e
|ig|e: ellieieaeiesa:eobtaiaeJaaJe:eoaJitioasol
|ig|p:essa:eJ:oplo:iatimateeoataetolgasaaJwate:,
w|ie|iae:easest|eoaJoat|e10 laa.
Assameaeaseiaw|ie|wate:issappieJtot|e
aeae|JaetaaJse:abbe:at0F.T|ewate:osstot|e
J:aia isassameJat J0gpm to ea::y away t|e soiJs .
T|eiaitiaeat|apy (above 0F)olt|elaegasisob-
taiaeJl:omTaben. Assamea|eatossl:omt|e se:ab-
be: system to t|e sa::oaaJiags ol J.JmiioaBta/|:ia
t|isease.
': `
0ete.miaet|e aaatity ol se.abbe.wate..eai.cJ
aaJ t|etempe.ata.eol t|ese.abbe.ex|aast.Fi.stp.e.
pa.e |eataaJ mate.ial balaaecsto t|eexteat possible.
T|ea solve by saeeessive ap,toximatioas ol tempe.ata.e
wit|ase olhele.eaee5,assumiagt|eJ.yllaegasis
t|esameasai.. T|e|amiJity .atioolt|ese.ab|e.ex-
|aastmastmatel t|at lo.ai.att|e ex|aasttempe.ata.e.
1L Yll
SCRUBBER HEAT BALANCE, HOURLY BASIS
Input (1630F I,om Tobie II)
Dry gas
Water vapor
Corry-over solids
Unaccounted for heat
Output 175 F
Btuh
54,417,000
26,882,568
155,000
135,782
81,590,350
D,y go (42.087.19.221)(133,375) 3,049,753
Wate, vopo, 70,582(1136.17.48.05) 76,801,686
Heat in drain water,
4998 (175 - 48.0)
Heat in trapl"'d solids,
360(0.25)( 1/5.80)
Heot in eScape solids
40(0.25)(175-80)
Heat loss to ai r from apparatus
Unaccounted for hoot
621,546
8,550
950
1,100,000
7,865
Per Cent
66.6
33.0
0.2
0.2
100.0
3.7
94.3
0.7
1.3
81,590,350 100.0
The volume of gasvapor mixture at standard borometer,
(30 in. Hg) and 175F is as follows:
CO,: 16,073 (8.548) (460 175)1(520)(60) - 2,760
O2: 17,073 (11.819) (635)/(520)(60) - 4,110
N
1
100,229 (13.443) (635)/(520)(60) - 27,400
H,O:
70,582 (13.475)1(0.5292) 60
- 29,950
203,957 Ib/h, Total 64,220 elm
T|e laaeapaeityisbaseJoa t|emixta.e1]+ T|e
wate..eai.eJbyt|e se.abbe.eaalst|ewate.vapo.
iat|e se.abbe.ex|aastplast|eslaieewate.lesst|e
wate.vapo.iat|e gasl.omt|a eombastioae|ambe.:
?0,52+ !99- 14,?06 60,?4 lb/|.o.122gpm. T|e
mate.ial balaaeeol t|eaeae|seetioaaaJse.abbe.is
p.eseateJiaTableY!!!.
A vapo. plame is p.oJaeeJw|ea t|e se.abbe. ex|aast
eate.seolJai., w|ie| may beaaJesi.ableaaJe.some
eoaJitioasaaJ aegligible ia ot|e.s. T|eamoaat olwate.
evapo.ateJiat|ese.abbe.eaabe.eJaeeJbyt|e ex
t.aetioaol|eatl.om t|ellaegasesa|eaJolt|e se.ab-
be, asbya boile: o.|eatexe|aage.. he|eatiagt|e
se.abbe.ex|aast I also|elplal.T|evapo.plame s|oalJ
heJise|a.geJatasallieieat|eig|ttoiasa.et|at itis
Jispe.seJbyaata.alevapo.atioawit|oatbeeomiaga
aaisaaeeo.|aza:Jto visibility.
88
1L Ylll
SCRUBBER MATERIAL BALANCE, HOURLY BASIS
Input
Dry gos
Woter vapor
Corry-over solids
Water
Output
Dry gas
Water vapor 14,706 55,876
Total, hourly
Solids in exit gas at 90 per cent collection
efficiency
Scrubber water to drain
solids to drain
Toto I, hou rly
133,375
14,706
400
60,874
209,355
133,375
70,582
40
4,998
360
209,355
The humidity ratio of scrubber exhaust; 70,5821133,375 -
0.5292 Ib/lb dry gas, which is the humidity ratio of saturated
ajr at 175F.
Gas and Vapor Volumes and Flow Rates
T|eJato iat|ep.evioastableseaable oaetoealea
latevolamesaaJllow.ates lo.t|epa.poseolsiziag
eaipmeat.
Furnace and Combustion Chamber. Ai.at0F,60
pe. eeat|amiJity.
Yolameol 1 lbJ.yai. - 13.601 x 29.92/30.0-
13.56eali
Yolame olwate.vapo. - 0.60 x0.46x29.92/
30.0 -
Ambieatai.volam pe.lbJ.yai.at
30ia.Hg 13.5eali
130,422(13.5)/60 30,106 1] ai.aaJai.moistat
tola.aaee aaJ eombastioae|ambe..
0easity olai.tolaaialet 1.0132/13.5 -
0.0131 lb/ea lt.
Combustion-Chamber Outlet and Spray-Chamber In
let: 14,01 lbA:.
hate. vapo.at1630FSp. vol. -4.64
ealt/lb14,?06(4.64)/60
0.y gasvolames
00, 16,013(. 54)(460+ 1630)/
(460 60)(60) -
0,: 1?,013(11.19)(2090)/(520)(60) -
A: 100,229(13.143)(2090)/(520)(60)-
20,?45
9,200
13,530
90,050
\
`
;t
^*
Spr
ay.
Chamber Outlet anc Dry Dust.Separotor Inlet.
watt
vapo: at600F,Sp. vol. - 42.6
caIt /lb43,0(42.6)/60
Or)
lataaeegas
CO,: l6,0?3(.54)(4601 600)/
-
(460+ 60)(60)
0,: 2,49(JJ.J9)(J060)/(520)(60)-
V,: J3,J54(13.443)(J060)/
(520)(60) -
C]
3J,345
4,6?0
JJ,450
63,J00
Totalc]at600F
226,605 - 29.0ealt/l|
i
A. A |ypot|etiealmaaieipaliaeiae:ato: ope:atiagat
:) :oasaJayeapaeitywasaseJasaaexampletop:e-
;:t|e met|oJslo:ealealatiagt|elollowiagitems:
1. helaseeompositioalo:eombastioaeal-
ealatioa.
2.Ai::eai:eJlo: eombastioa aaJtempe:ata:e
eoat:ol.
3.Casaaalyses, exeessai:,lael-ai::atios.
4.heataaJmate:ial|alaaees.
5.Tempe:iagoleombastioa gasesby sp:ay
wate:aaJai:.
6. 0:yJasteolleeto:saaJgasse:abbe:s.
?.0astloaJiagolstae| gases,eot:eeteJto
50pe:eeatexeessai: aaJtoJ2pe:eeat
C0,.
. Flow:atesaaJJeasitiesol gas-vapo:
mixta:es.
B. \|ea|a:aiaga :elaseol4230 Bta/lb|eatiag
'h. J30 pe:eeatexeessai:is:eai:eJlo:agas
q:
ata:e olJ630Fleaviagt|eeom|astioa e|ambe:.
89
T|e ||uegas eoasistsol 00, .J5p-:eeat,0, JJ.96
pe: eeat aaJA,?9.9p eeat |y volame, J:y basis.
T|e weig|tol ai:teaied is6.5 timest|e weig|t ol
:elase.
C. Toeool t|ela:aaeegases l:om J630 to 600F, :e-
ai:esabeat 2.50 ||ai: aaJ J.43lbsp:ay wate:evapo:a-
tioa pe:lb:elase, o:eaivaleatp:opo:tioasol tlese
eoolaats. Slaieewate: to :emove t:app-Jas| isaJJi-
tioaal.
0.A gasse:abbe:t|at:eeeiveJgasesJi:eetlyl:om
t|eeombustioae|ambetatJ630I' woalJ evapo:ate2.?9
lbwate:pe:lb :elase. T|ese:abbe:woalJex|aastat
J?5FaaJt|egaseswoalJeoataia3.53 |bwate:pe:|b
:elase.
I.Beeaaseol |ig|eoateatol wate:vapo: iaiaeiae:-
ato:stae|gases,seve:al Jille:eatcorrected JastloaJ-
iagseaabeealealateJ l:om t|esametestJata. Caleala-
tioaslo:t|eexample iaeiae:ato: s|ow t|at t|eeo::eet-
eJJast loaJiagpe:J000 ||stae| gasiseoasiJe:ably
lowe:at50pe:eeat exeessai: t|aaatJ2pe:eeat 00,.
Acknowlec
9
ment
T|e:esea:e|iat|ispape:wassappo:teJbygtaat
IF-0530-0Jl:om0.S. Pablieealt|Se:viee,0ivisioa
olIavi:oameatal Iagiaee:iagaaJFooJP:oteetioa.
References
|{ "Steam, Its Generation and Use." The Babcock and
Wilcox Co New Yo; ., N.Y., Appendix, 37th cd., v.
|z{ "Municipal Incinerator Design," prepared by Amer.
Soc. Civil Engineers, published by U. S. Public Health Serv
ice, v.
|s{ D. J. Damiano, "Incinerator Hefractory Studies. The
American City," April Iz.
|1I "International Critical TabJes," Vol. ,vtc, j.cr.
|s{ "ASHRAE Guide and Data Book," published annually
by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air . Con
ditioning Engineers, New York, N.Y.
|6) "Example Sections for a Smoke Regulation Ordinance."
Information Bulletin published by ASME, May v1v.