Elements of Communication

People, electronic devices that need to send a message to the individuals or devices
Message source or sender -
Receives the message and interprets it.
Destination or receiver of the message -
Consists od media that provides the pathway over which the message can travel from source
destination.

Channel -
Message source>encoder>transmitter>transmission medium>receiver>decoder>Message Destination
Segmenting -
2 or more message can share the same medium
Can be send to different routes
Multiplexing
Increased efficiency of network
Communicating Messages
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Communicating messages
Segmentation is the process in which messages are broken down into smaller pieces
the can be easily transported together across a medium
Computers, workstations
Network Printers
VoIP phones
Cameras
Handheld devices
Remote monitoring stations
Equipment that either sends or receives messages o a network. Also known as - host
End Devices -
Fixed line
Cable
Fiber Optics
Wireless Equipment (Router)
Networking Media -
Predetermined rules
Specific to the characteristic of the conversation
Protocols -
How much data to put into each segment
Format of the message
The way intermediary devices share information about the path to the destination.
The method to handle update messages between intermediary devices
The process to initiate and terminate communication between hosts.
Network Protocols -
Assists in protocol design
Fosters competition
Changes in one layer do not affect other layers
Provides a common language
Layered Model -
Provides a model that closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite
Protocol Model
Provides a common reference maintaining consistency within all types of network
protocols and services.

Reference Model
Models -
Components of a Network
Under one administration
Geographically close together
LAN -
Connect LANS
No end User
WAN -
Network of networks
Internet -
LANs, WANs and Internetworks
<Generic
<Branded
OSI Model A networking model is only a representation of network operation. TCP/IP Model
(Generic) (Branded)
9:25 PM
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protocols and services.
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical
OSI Model A networking model is only a representation of network operation.
Model is no the actual network Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access
TCP/IP Model
(Generic) (Branded)
Application - provides the means for end to end connectivity between individuals in the human
network using data and services used for applications between users
7.
Presentation - Provides for common representation of the data transferred between application
layer
6.
Session - Provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data
exchange
5.
Transport - Defines services to segment, transfer and reassemble the data for individual
communication between the end devices
4.
Network - Provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between
identified end devices
3.
Data Link - Describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media 2.
Physical - Describe the mechanical, electrical, functional and procedural means to activate ,
maintain and de-activate physical - connections for bit transmission to and from a network device.
1.
OSI Layer
Open System Interconnection -
Provides an abstract description of the network communication process -
Developed by the international Organization for Standardization -
This is to provide a roadmap for non proprietary protocol development -
Reference Model -
OSI Model
TCP/IP Model
Application - Represents data to the user plus encoding and dialog control
Transport - Supports communication between diverse devices across diverse networks
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