Felix Jun L.

Sarte AB-Pol Sci IV

1. Discuss the voyage of Christopher Columbus to America.
- Columbus led his three ships - the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish
port of Palos on August 3, 1492. His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia (the
Indies) where the riches of gold, pearls and spice awaited. His first stop was the Canary
Islands where the lack of wind left his expedition becalmed until September 6.
Once underway, Columbus benefited from calm seas and steady winds that pushed him
steadily westward (Columbus had discovered the southern "Trades" that in the future
would fuel the sailing ships carrying goods to the New World). However, the trip was long,
longer than anticipated by either Columbus or his crew. In order to mollify his crew's
apprehensions, Columbus kept two sets of logs: one showing the true distance traveled
each day and one showing a lesser distance. The first log was kept secret. The latter log
quieted the crew's anxiety by under-reporting the true distance they had traveled from
their homeland. This deception had only a temporary effect; by October 10 the crew's
apprehension had increased to the point of near mutiny. Columbus headed off disaster by
promising his crew that if land was not sighted in two days, they would return home. The
next day land was discovered.
2. Why did Spain fail to colonize the America?
- There are 3 reason why Spaniards came to America was because of God, Gold, and the
Glory. Spain failed to dominate North America, because they were defeated in England
when King Philip sent his armada there because he was mad at Queen Elizabeth for
making people protestant instead of catholic, amazingly the English fleet destroyed the
Spanish navy and was now the strongest nation in the world.

3. Discuss the first English settlements in America.
- The Jamestown Colony
Before the arrival of the English, the Spanish influence in the New World extended from
the Chesapeake Bay to the tip of South America. Spanish possessions included the
developing cities of Mexico, Peru, and Cuba. Along the northern edge of Spains land were
small missions and presidios or fortresses that stretched from the Atlantic coast, ran along
the Gulf of Mexico and extended into the plains of Texas and the Rio Grande River valley. In
1585, Sir Walter Raleigh took on one of the first English settlement attempts. He set up a
colony of about 100 men on the east coast of North America, on land he named Virginia
after Queen Elizabeth I, who being unmarried, was known as the Virgin Queen. These
settlers only lasted for a year before returning home. Then, in 1587, Raleigh made a second
attempt at settling a colony at Roanoke, Virginia. The supply ships sent to the colony never
arrived and in 1590 when help did come, evidence of the existence of the entire colony had
disappeared except for the word Croatan inscribed on a post.

Soon after Englands first colonization efforts, several changes took place that strengthened
their ability to colonize America in the early 1600s: the Protestant Reformation, the defeat
of the Spanish Armada, and the changes in the English economy.

In the early 1500s, England and Spain had a strong connection based on their dedication to
the Roman Catholic Church and the marriage between Henry VIII of England and Catherine
of Aragon. Then, in the 1530s when Henry VIII broke from the Roman Catholic Church so he
could divorce Catherine, the efforts of English Protestant reformers gained official support
and the once close relations between England and Spain broke down.













(Sources: http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/columbus.htm
https://ph.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111102180709AA9GknA
http://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/the-first-english-settlements/)