CHILI CACAO INSECTICIDE

A Research Presented to the Faculty

of Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban
Lucban, Quezon





In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Subject Research II





AIRAH MAE L. ALSOL and DRINA B. PAGLINAWAN
January 2013

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Humans, specifically farmers had attained important benefits from
many uses of insecticides. This insecticide helped some farmers in
increasing their yield crops but they were also concerned on the risks that
deal with it. To most farmer commercial insecticide were the most effective
readily available pest controls. What they dont realize that this cause them
added expenses.

Insecticides are substances or mixture of some of substances intended
for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any insect. An insecticide
maybe a chemical, biological agent, antimicrobial disinfectant or device
used against any insect. Insects belong to the pest kingdom including plant
pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodesand microbes
that destroy property, spread disease or are vectors for disease or cause
nuisance.








2
Background of the Study

Agriculture was one of the best source of income for the Filipinos,
especially to the farmers. They were the one who supply peoples needs. As
they were doing their job they encountered problems. One of their problems
was how could they prevent insects to attack and destroy their plants.

Insects are everywhere. They have been found in the air, every part of
land and water, and at home. They are commonly regarded as pests include
those that where parasitic, damage structures, transmit diseases and those
that destroy agricultural goods.

When farmers see the insects in their field their tendency is to swat
them, since they never allow these insects to manifest in their field. Once
some had been damaged, they would force to use the harmful and dangerous
insecticides available at the market which found to be killing the insects or
pests. Despite the large amount of effort focused at controlling insects,
human attempts to kill insects with insecticides can back fire. If used
carelessly the poison can kill all kinds of organisms in the area.

With these lines, the researchers thought of a formulated insecticide
out of natural resources, that is affordable, environmental friendly and
effective insecticide beneficial to people specifically farmers.



3
Statement of the Problem

This study was entitled Chili Cacao Insecticide that aimed to
produce affordable and effective insecticide.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What particular insects can be killed by the Chili Cacao Insecticide?

2. Is Chili Cacao insecticide acceptable in terms of:

a. texture

b. color

c. fragrance

3. Is Chili Cacao Insecticide economical compared to commercial
insecticide?







4
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis

1. There are no particular insects that can be killed by the Chili Cacao
Insecticide.

2. It is not acceptable in terms of texture, color and fragrance.

3. Chili Cacao insecticide is not economical compared to commercial
insecticide.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the researchers because they can prove to
themselves that they can do an experiment that can attain good products and
result

This study brings bits of information to all farmers who will prefer to
use Chili Cacao Insecticide in controlling insects and pest. This insecticide
was environmental friendly and free from chemicals. It is a cheaper and
safer product that helps in preventing diseases.

This study is also significant to some students who aspire to do their
own alternative insecticide and make this study a pattern to learn the basics
of making insecticides.

5
Scope and Limitations

This study targets to produce insecticides from chili pepper and madre
cacao extract.

This is limited only to use chili pepper and madre cacao as insecticide.
Its limitation is in the effectiveness and acceptability of insecticide in terms
of appearance.

Time Frame

This study started August 2012 and ended January 2013.















CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

Madre Cacao

Gliricidia sepium, often simply referred to as Gliricidia (common
names: Mata Ratn; Cacao de nance, Cachanance, it is commonly known as
"Madreado" in Honduras; Kakawate in the Philippines; Madre
Cacao or Madre de Cacao in the Philippines and Guatemala; and Madero
negro in Nicaragua), is a medium size leguminous tree belonging to the
family Fabaceae. It is considered as the second most important multi-
purpose legume tree, surpassed only by Leucaena leucocephala.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliricidia_sepium)
Name "gliricidia" derives from the Lain 'glis' (dormouse)
and caedere (to kill). The Spanish name "mata-raton" refers to the tree's
rodenticial properties.
As the tree pods hang-dry in the sun, they curl and explode, making a
popping cracking sound. A cluster of trees with their pods snapping and
popping and falling to the ground, in unison, make a fascinating afternoon of
nature's concoction of sound.

7
The tree is common in the southern Tagalog areas, shedding leaves
around December and flowering February and March. In some areas, the
blooming of its pink flowers is so profuse to deserve a comparison with the
cherry blossoms.
(http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kakawati.html)
Chili Pepper

Chili pepper (also chile pepper or chilli pepper, from Nahuatl chilli) is
the fruit
[1]
of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade
family, Solanaceae. The term in British English and in Australia, New
Zealand, India,
[2]
Malaysia and other Asian countries is just chilli without
pepper.
Chili peppers originated in the Americas. After the Columbian
Exchange, many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used in
both food and medicine.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper)
Chil-i, Br. Esp. chili (tfili) pl. chil-ies, Br, esp. chil-ies n. Capsicum
frutescens, fam Solanaceae, a garden pepper grown from Chile to the middle
of North America. [Span. Chile, Mex. chilli]
(The New Lexicon Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English
Language)

8
Insecticide

An insecticide is any pesticide used to kill, deter, or control insects.
For example, a farmer may use insecticides on crops, while a retailer may
use insecticides in a back storeroom.
Insecticides are pesticides, so it may seem unlikely that anyone in the
organic industry uses insecticides, but that's not true. The organic industry
uses its fair share of pesticides, they're simply not always the same ones used
by conventional farmers or businesses. If an insecticide is on the allowed
portion. The National List than it may be used within the organic industry.
(http://organic.about.com/od/organicdefinitionsij/g/Insecticide.html)

Insect

In-sect (insekt) n. a member of the class Insecta, phylum Anthropoda,
with external and jointed legs. The body is divided in three sections: the
head thorax and abdomen. Most have wings and three pairs of thoracic legs.
Respiration is by tracheae. The head is generally well defined and bears one
pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts and one pair of eyes. The largest
group of all living creatures, insects are mainly adapted to life on land but
some live in an aquatic or semiaquatic environment. More than 1,000,000
species are known || any creature (the spider, tick, mite etc.) resembling an
insect [fr. L. (animal) insectum, a notched animal]
(The New Lexicon Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English
Language)
9
Review of Related Studies

According to Andrea Tapparo (2011)at the University of Padua in
Italy and colleagues , neonicotinoid insecticides are used to coat crops such
as corn and oilseed rape, and are one of several groups of chemicals
identified as suspects in the disappearance of honey bees - a phenomenon
referred to as colony collapse disorder. One theory is that the insecticides are
passed to the bees in pollen.
Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, now show that
it is possible for bees to pick up a lethal dose of insecticide by grazing on
sap produced by crop plants and present on leaf tops.
1
Building on earlier
work in 2009,
2
the researchers show that concentrations of neonicotinoids
present in drops collected from the leaves of corn plants are high enough to
kill bees within a few minutes.
(A Tapparo et al, J. Environ. Monit., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/ c1em10085h)

Household Insecticide' is invented by Gonzalo Catan Jr., executive
president of Mapecon. It was first exhibited at the 27th International
Exhibition of Inventions in Geneva where more than 1,000 inventions from
44 countries were displayed. An international judging panel confers awards
to outstanding inventions. Catan won the silver medal in the sanitation-
ventilation-heating category for his water-based insecticide that makes use
of 21 useful microorganisms, among other materials, to kill household pests.

10
This award shows that Filipino inventors can stand among other
inventors in the world," Catan said of the recognition given to him.
Last year during the Philippines' National Science and Technology
Week, the Department of Science and Technology awarded Catan's
invention first prize in the invention commercialization category.
The insecticide is made up of mapermethrin as the active ingredient,
with activated carbon and botanical extract. Catan said the product had
practical applications in public health programs like dengue control.
Unlike most commercially-available insecticides, 'Household
Insecticide' can kill wrigglers, which are the actual target of the government
dengue control and prevention programs. The insecticide can also control the
fly maggot population in dumps and sand flies in tourist spots like beaches.
Catan said the product had been proven to be very effective against ants and
cockroaches.
It can also be sprayed directly at pet dogs to kill fleas and ticks
without the need to be rinsed off.
A 120 cc concentrate bottle costs P220 (US$5.35) and is good for
several applications. The sprayer is filled with water, to which 10 cc of the
insecticide concentrate is added.Catan, however, is not content to rest
on his laurels. He holds 38 patents on other inventions, including a unique
green charcoal which makes use of beneficial microorganisms to absorb
odor and smoke.
( www.mapecon.com, 21 Sept 2007 )
11
Definition of Terms
For clearer understanding of the study, the researchers defined the
following terms operatively:


Insecticide - insect poison: a chemical substance used to kill insects
Madre Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) - is a medium-sized tree and can grow
to from 10 to 12 meters high. The bark is smooth and its color can range
from a whitish gray to deep red-brown. It has composite leaves that can be
30 cm long. Each leaf is composed of leaflets that are about 2 to 7 cm long
and 1 to 3 cm wide.
Chili - pod with strong flavor: a narrow red or green hot-tasting pod
produced by various types of capsicum pepper plant. Use: flavoring sauces
and relishes.
Chromatography - analytic technique to discover chemical components:
a method of finding out which components a gaseous or liquid mixture
contains that involves passing it through or over something that absorbs the
different components at different rates

Insect - an air-breathing invertebrate animal arthropod with a body that has
well-defined segments, including a head, thorax, abdomen, two antennae,
three pairs of legs, and usually two sets of wings.
There are more than a million species of insects including flies, crickets,
bees, beetles, and gnats.



CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology used in securing the data
needed for this research study. It also presents the progression or operation
that justified in this experimental study, the way on how the researcher
convey and regulate the study due to its application on the subject.

This includes the Locale of the Study, Research Design, Sources of
Data, Application and Time Frame.

Locale of the Study

This study was performed in one of the researchers residence at
Armando Racelis Avenue.

Research Design

The experimental method was used to make an insecticide out of
Madre cacao leaves and chili pepper. The researcher used the extracts as a
raw material in making the experiment. The researcher tested its
effectiveness in killing the insects.



13
After the experiment was done, the researchers try the finished
products to some various kinds of insects to test the effectiveness of the said
product.
To test the acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide in terms of color,
texture and fragrance the researchers made a self-made questionnaire.

Materials
- 4 tbsp. Madre cacao

- 25 pcs chili pepper

- 500 ml. water

- Casserole

- Spray

- Alcohol

- Detergent Powder




14
Treatment and General Procedure

For Chili Pepper:

1. Use 25 pieces of pepper in on boiling water.

2. Add the detergent powder.

3. Boil for 20 minutes
.
4. Prepare the broth. You can perform the procedures simultaneously.

For Madre Cacao

1. Cut the Madre cacao leaves and stems into pieces and put it in an
casserole.

2. Add 10 ml. of water.

3. Boil it for 20 minutes.

4. Set aside the extract from the Madre cacao.




15
Sources of Data

Proceeding compartment and experimentation of this study, the
researchers used internet in order to get more information, read books and
some magazines to get related data and information.

Statistical Treatment
In this study, weighted arithmetic mean was used to determine the
acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide.
Formula:
WM = 5f+4f+3f+2f+1f
N
Where:
WM = weighted mean
f = number of responses
N = number of respondents
To determine the description analysis of the gathered data the
following range scale was used.
SCALE RANGE DESCRIPTIVE
ANALYSIS
5 4.5-5.0 Very Most Acceptable
4 3.5-4.4 Strongly Acceptable
3 2.5-3.4 Acceptable
2 1.5-2.4 Unacceptable
1 1.0-1.4 Strongly Unacceptable

16
Time Frame

This study started August 2012 and ended January 2013.























CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The tables below reveal data on the results of the experiment that have
been made. They were presented analyzed and interpreted by the
researchers.

Table 1
Response of Insect to Chili Cacao
Insect Response
After Spraying After 1 minute After 2 minutes
Ants They are starting
to get weaker.
They are
anesthetized.
The ants died.

After Spraying After 2 minute After 5 minutes
Tick They are getting
weaker.
They are
paralyzed.
The ticks died.

Table I has shown the result of the experiment that has been done by
the researchers. Ants were sprayed by Chili Cacao Insecticide. The ants were
anesthetized after 1 minute and were already dead after 2 minutes. For the
ticks, they paralyzed for 2 minutes and died after 5 minutes.


18
Table 2
Acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide


Characteristics
Scale
WM

Remarks
5 4 3 2 1
1. Texture 2 13 3 2 0 3.75 Most
Acceptable
2. Color 4 10 3 2 0 3.55 Acceptable
3. Fragrance 0 1 8 10 1 2.45 Unacceptable

Based from the table shown above, Chili Cacao Insecticide is
acceptable in terms of texture and color which garnered 3.75 and 3.55 value,
but in terms of fragrance, it gained an acceptable response with an average
weighted mean of 2.45.
Table 3
Econominity of Chili Cacao Insecticide
Chili Cacao Insecticide Commercial
Chili Pepper 10.00
Madre Cacao 0.00
Detergent powder 6.00
Total cost 16.00
Amount produced 500 mL
Cost 500.00
Amount produced -1 Liter



The insecticide costs 16.00 that was found to be economical.

EVALUATION SHEET

Name: ___________________________________________ Age: _____

Section:__________________________________________ Sex:_____

The researchers want to determine the acceptability of Chili Cacao
Insecticide
Direction: Put a check ( ) on your corresponding answer. Only one (1)
answer is allowed per question.

LEGEND:
5- Very Most Acceptable 2- Unacceptable
4- Strongly Acceptable 1- Strongly Unacceptable
3- Neutral
Acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide
5 4 3 2 1
1. Texture
2. Color
3. Fragrance







BIBLIOGRAPHY


A. Dictionary
The New Lexicon Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English
Language

B. Internet
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliricidia_sepium
http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kakawati.html
http://organic.about.com/od/organicdefinitionsij/g/Insecticide.html
A Tapparo et al, J. Environ. Monit., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/
c1em10085h
www.mapecon.com, 21 Sept 2007

C. Unpublished Thesis
Tunyoron Insecticide










APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Research II,
this research entitled Chili Cacao Insecticide was prepared and submitted
by Airah Mae L. Alsol and Drina B. Paglinawan, who are hereby
recommended for oral examination.


_________________________

Mrs. Felicita B. Veluz
Research Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment if the requirements for the subject
Research II by oral Examination Committee.

______________________


___________
______________________


___________
Acceptance in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject
Research II.
_______________________
Mr. Elmer C. Ravina
Principal II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to give gratitude to the following that help,
support and guide them to do this researchers proposal to be successful.

To Mr. Elmer C. Ravina, a secondary principal of DepEd Paaralang
Sekundarya ng Lucban that support the researchers and all the students that
approved to finish this proposal.
To Mrs. Felicita B. Veluz, adviser and teacher of Research II that
help and guide the researchers in making this proposal to be more
successful.
To the researchers family, relatives and parents that help them to
their financial needs and support and guide them all the way to the success
of this research proposal.
To the mutual friends of the researchers that help them to finish this
study on the way to the top of success.
And most of all the Almighty God for giving the researchers the guts
and self- confidence they had to the success of their research proposal.

AMLA and DBP



DEDICATION

This research proposal is dedicated with all love by the researchers to their
Parents and family to their sisters and brothers, to their wonderful friends
And also to their classmates. To their class adviser and teacher
in Research II and most of all to Almighty God for
the presence of mind and self-confidence
given to them for the success of this
Research Proposal.

AMLA and DBP



CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and
recommendations of the researchers for their research study entitled Chili
Cacao Insecticide.
This study focused mainly on formulating an insecticide out of chili
pepper and madre cacao and its acceptability.
Summary
This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of Chili Pepper and
Madre Cacao in killing insects. The extract of Chili Pepper and Madre
Cacao served as the natural insecticide intended to kill insects. The
preparation of needed materials and using it as an insecticide applied to ants
and ticks were done on January 4, 2013.
The experimental method was applied by the researchers. The
researchers gathered information about the Chili pepper and Madre cacao.
The two materials was a set of boiling within 30 minutes. Then the mixture
was cooled and became ready to use.
The researcher applied the Chili Cacao insecticide to ants and ticks to
test its effectiveness. The insects positively responded to the Chili Cacao
Insecticide after 1 hour of application.



20
The acceptability of Chili Cacao Insecticide was tested in terms of
color, texture and fragrance through a self-made questionnaire. Using the
weighted average mean the texture was found to be most acceptable, the
color was acceptable and the fragrance was unacceptable.

Findings
From the conducted study, the researchers found out that:
1. It was found out that insecticide can be produced from Chili pepper
and Madre cacao and can be applied to ants and ticks.
2. For the level of acceptability in terms of color, the Chili Cacao
Insecticide was found acceptable with a weighted mean 3.55, in terms
of fragrance it was found unacceptable with a weighted mean 2.45,
and in terms of texture, it was found strongly acceptable with the
weighted mean of 3.75.
3. The Chili Cacao Insecticide can be used as a substitute to the
commercial insecticides and it is economical.





21
Conclusion
Based on the results obtained in this study, the following conclusions
were drawn:
1. The mixed extract of Chili pepper and Madre Cacao can produce
insecticide that can kill insects like ants and ticks.
2. The insecticide from Chili pepper and Madre Cacao was strongly
acceptable in terms of texture and unacceptable in terms of fragrance.
3. The insecticide was found out to be economical and can be as a
substitute to a commercial insecticide.

Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions the following
recommendations were formulated:
1. Another study should be conducted to test its effectiveness to other
insects and pest that destroy crops.
2. Further experimentations related to the improvement of the insecticide
from Chili pepper and Madre cacao extract should be done to improve
the quality of the insecticide.
3. Improvement of the shelf-life of the product should also be
undertaken.


PERSONAL DATA

NAME : Airah Mae L. Alsol
BIRTHDAY : February 13, 1996
BIRTHPLACE : Lucban, Quezon
CIVIL STATUS : Single
PARENTS : Allan A. Alsol
Marissa L. Alsol

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
2003-2009 Elementary Education
Paaralang Elementarya ng Lucban
Lucban, Quezon
2009-2013 Secondary Education
Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban
Lucban, Quezon
Airahmaealsol
Airah Mae L. Alsol

PERSONAL DATA

NAME : Drina B. Paglinawan
BIRTHDAY : June 17, 1996
BIRTHPLACE : Lucban, Quezon
CIVIL STATUS : Single
PARENTS : Edwin O. Paglinawan
Ma. Rachel B. Paglinawan

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

2003-2009 Elementary Education
Paaralang Elementarya ng Lucban
Lucban, Quezon
2009-2013 Secondary Education
Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban
Lucban, Quezon
Drinabpaglinawan
Drina B. Paglinawan


ABSTRACT
Humans are facing their greatest problem about insects that can be
found in their home, community or in the fields. Some insecticide may be
expensive and poor people cannot afford it. If proven possible, farmers can
have an alternative source of insecticide in case they cannot afford an
insecticide with a high price.
This study aimed to produce insecticide from Chili pepper and Madre
Cacao and test its effectiveness and determine the acceptability level in
terms of texture, color and fragrance. Specifically, this study sought to
answer the following questions:
1. What particular insects can be killed by the Chili Cacao
Insecticide?
2. Is Chili Cacao insecticide acceptable in terms of:
a. texture
b. color
c. fragrance
3. Is Chili Cacao Insecticide economical compared to commercial
insecticide?


Title : Chili Cacao Insecticide
Researchers : Airah Mae L. Alsol
Drina B. Paglinawan
Adviser : Mrs. Felicita B. Veluz
School : Paaralang Sekundarya ng Lucban
Address : Brgy. Aliliw Lucban, Quezon
viii

Based on the statement of the problem, the following
hypotheses were drawn.
1. There are no particular insects that can be killed by the Chili
Cacao Insecticide.
2. It is not acceptable in terms of texture, color and fragrance.
3. Chili Cacao insecticide is not economical compared to commercial
insecticide.
After conducting the experiments, the following findings were
revealed. It was found out that insecticide can be produced from Chili
pepper and Madre Cacao, and was effective in killing insects like ants and
ticks. The color of the Chili Cacao was found to be acceptable with the
weighted mean of 3.55. Its fragrance was found unacceptable with a
weighted mean 2.45, its texture was strongly acceptable with the weighted
mean 3.75.
Based on the findings, conclusions the researchers recommended that
another study were formulated:
Another study should be conducted to test it to other insects and pests
that destroy crops and may also include pests. Further experimentations
related to the improvement of the insecticide from Chili Pepper and Madre
Cacao extract should be done to improve the quality of the insecticide and
improve the half-life of the product.



Table of Contents

I. TITLE PAGE...i
II. APPROVAL SHEET..ii
III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..iii
IV. DEDICATIONiv
V. TABLE OF CONTENTS.v-vi
VI. ABSTRACT.vii-viii

CHAPTER
I. Introduction.1
Background of the Study...2
Statement of the Problem...3
Hypotheses.........4
Significance of the Study...4
Scope and Limitation.................5
Time Frame....5
II. Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature..6-8
Related studies.9-10
Definition of Terms.....11
III. Methodology
Locale of the Study.....12
Research Design.12-13
Materials..13
Treatment and General Procedures..14
Sources of Data....15
vi

Statistical treatment.15
Time Frame.16
IV. Presentation, Analysis and interpretation of Data
Table 1..17
Table 2......18
Table 3..18
V. Summary, Conclusions and Reccomendations
Summary.19-20
Findings.......20
Conclusions......21
Reccomendations.....21

EVALUATION SHEET.....22
APPENDICES.......23-24
BIBLIOGRAPHY...25
PERSONAL DATA.......26-27









23
APPENDICES

























Chili Pepper

Madre Cacao

Boil the Madre Cacao and Chili
Pepper in 15 minutes.

Add the detergent powder.
24











Final Product: Chili Cacao
Insecticide

Ants when sprayed by the
researchers insecticide.