REMEDIAL LAW REVIEWER

Part IV of IX
APPEALS
Civil Procedure
Appeals
There are 7 odes of appeal u!der Civil Procedure
to the RTC fro the MTC " !otice of appeal #Rule $%&
to the CA fro
the RTC i! its ori'i!al (urisdictio! " !otice of appeal #Rule $)&
the RTC i! its appellate (urisdictio! " petitio! for revie* #Rule $+&
,uasi-(udicial a'e!cies " petitio! for revie* #Rule $.&
to the SC " petitio! for revie* o! certiorari #Rule $/&
A!!ule!t of 0ud'e!ts or 1i!al 2rders a!d Resolutio!s #Rule $7&
3ote that 4petitio! for revie*5 is separate a!d disti!ct fro 4petitio! for revie* o! certiorari65
7o*ever8 4appeal o! certiorari5 is the sae as 4petitio! for revie* o! certiorari65
1eria a!d Re'alado #p6 /$%&9 Appeal of a pure ,uestio! of la* fro a (ud'e!t :; the RTC i! the
e<ercise of its
ori'i!al (urisdictio! " petitio! for revie* o! certiorari to the SC #Rule $/&
appellate (urisdictio! " petitio! for revie* to the CA #Rule $+&
Al:a!o #p6 $/%&9 Where o!l; ,uretio!s of la* are raised8 the appeal should :e to the SC o! petitio! for
revie* o! certiorari #Rule $/&6
Appeal fro MTC to the RTC
Rule $%
Sectio! )6 Where to appeal6 = A! appeal fro a (ud'e!t or fi!al order of a Mu!icipal Trial Court
a; :e ta>e! to the Re'io!al Trial Court e<ercisi!' (urisdictio! over the area to *hich the forer
pertai!s6 The title of the case shall reai! as it *as i! the court of ori'i!8 :ut the part; appeali!' the
case shall :e further referred to as the appella!t a!d the adverse part; as the appellee6 #!&
The title of the case shall reai! as it *as i! the court of ori'i!6
Sec6 +6 Whe! to appeal6 = A! appeal a; :e ta>e! *ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s after !otice to the appella!t
of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro6 Where a record o! appeal is re,uired8 the appella!t shall
file a !otice of appeal a!d a record o! appeal *ithi! thirt; #.%& da;s after !otice of the (ud'e!t or
fi!al order6
The period of appeal shall :e i!terrupted :; a tiel; otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio!6 3o
otio! for e<te!sio! of tie to file a otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio! shall :e allo*ed6 #!&
Period to appeal " i!terrupted :; M3T or MfR
:; !otice of appeal " *ithi! )/ da;s after !otice to appella!t of (ud'e!t
:; record o! appeal " *ithi! .% da;s after !otice to appella!t of (ud'e!t
3o e<te!sio! of tie to file MfR or M3T shall :e allo*ed6
Sec6 .6 7o* to appeal6 = The appeal is ta>e! :; fili!' a !otice of appeal *ith the court that re!dered
the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro6 The !otice of appeal shall i!dicate the parties to the appeal8
the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or part thereof appealed fro8 a!d state the aterial dates sho*i!' the
tieli!ess of the appeal6
A record o! appeal shall :e re,uired o!l; i! special proceedi!'s a!d i! other cases of ultiple or
separate appeals6
The for a!d co!te!ts of the record o! appeal shall :e as provided i! sectio! ?8 Rule $)6
Copies of the !otice of appeal8 a!d the record o! appeal *here re,uired8 shall :e served o! the adverse
part;6 #!&
Co!te!ts of the !otice of appeal fro MTC
the parties to the appeal
the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or part thereof appealed fro8 a!d
the aterial dates sho*i!' the tieli!ess of the appeal6
3ote that i! !otice appeal fro MTC8 the court to *hich the appeal is ta>e! !eed !ot :e stated6 I!
!otice of appeal fro the RTC8 the court to *hich the appeal is ta>e! is re,uired to :e stated6
A record o! appeal shall :e re,uired o!l; i!
i! special proceedi!'s a!d
other cases of ultiple or separate appeals6
Co!te!ts of the record o! appeal #sae as i! appeals fro RTC&
full !aes of all the parties stated i! the captio!
i!clude the (ud'e!t or fi!al order fro *hich the appeal is ta>e!
i! chro!olo'ical order8 copies of o!l; such related pleadi!'s8 petitio!s8 otio!s a!d all i!terlocutor;
orders
such data as *ill sho* that the appeal *as perfected o! tie6
If a! issue of fact is to :e raised o! appeal8 the record o! appeal shall i!clude :; refere!ce all the
related evide!ce8 testio!ial a!d docue!tar;
Su:(ect i!de< *he! the record o! appeal e<ceeds +% pa'es
I! e(ecte!t (ud'e!ts8 e<ecutio! is sta;ed o!l; if a! appeal is ade to the RTC8 supersedeas :o!d is
filed a!d re!tals co!ti!ues to :e paid pe!di!' appeal6 1ailure to pa; re!tals ea!s e<ecutio! e!sues6
The aou!t of supersedeas :o!d should :e the aou!t of :ac> re!tals6 @ut further appeal fro the
RTC to the CA8 e<ecutio! ca! !o lo!'er :e sta;ed6
Cases that 'o to the SC are :; petitio! for revie* o! certiorari6 The o!l; i!sta!ce *he! a case ca! 'o to
the SC o! !otice of appeal is i! crii!al cases *here the pe!alt; iposed is reclusio! perpetua8 or life
ipriso!e!t6
1ro ,uasi-(udicial a'e!cies to the CA8 the appeal is :; petitio! for revie*6 Appeal :; itself does !ot
sta; e<ecutio! of the decisio!6 It is sta;ed o!l; if the CA issues a prelii!ar; i!(u!ctio!6
2! pure ,uestio!s of la* decided :; RTC i! its ori'i!al (urisdictio!8 the appeal is directl; to the SC :;
petitio! for revie* o! certiorari6 Pure ,uestio!s of la* decided :; RTC i! its appellate (urisdictio!8 the
appeal is still to the CA6 ABC
Sec6 $6 Perfectio! of appealD effect thereof6 = The perfectio! of the appeal a!d the effect thereof shall
:e 'over!ed :; the provisio!s of sectio! E8 Rule $)6 #!&
Sec6 E6 Perfectio! of appealD effect thereof6 = A part;Fs appeal :; !otice of appeal is deeed perfected
as to hi upo! the fili!' of the !otice of appeal i! due tie6
A part;Fs appeal :; record o! appeal is deeed perfected as to hi *ith respect to the su:(ect atter
thereof upo! the approval of the record o! appeal filed i! due tie6
I! appeals :; !otice of appeal8 the court loses (urisdictio! over the case upo! the perfectio! of the
appeals filed i! due tie a!d the e<piratio! of the tie to appeal of the other parties6
I! appeals :; record o! appeal8 the court loses (urisdictio! o!l; over the su:(ect atter thereof upo! the
approval of the records o! appeal filed i! due tie a!d the e<piratio! of the tie to appeal of the other
parties6
I! either case8 prior to the tra!sittal of the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal8 the court a; issue
orders for the protectio! a!d preservatio! of the ri'hts of the parties *hich do !ot i!volve a!; atter
liti'ated :; the appeal8 approve coproises8 perit appeals of i!di'e!t liti'a!ts8 order e<ecutio!
pe!di!' appeal i! accorda!ce *ith sectio! + of Rule .E8 a!d allo* *ithdra*al of the appeal6 #Ea&
de Leo!9 There are . co!cepts to :e lear!ed u!der this sectio! #applies to appeals fro RTC a!d MTC&
Perfectio! of appeal
@; !otice of appeal " as to appella!t8 upo! fili!' of the !otice of appeal
@; record o! appeal " as to appella!t8 upo! approval of the record o! appeal
Court loses (urisdictio! " upo! perfectio! of appeal a!d e<piratio! of tie to appeal of other parties
Po*er to issue orders8 approve coproises8 perit i!di'e!t appeals8 order e<ecutio! pe!di!' appeal8
allo* *ithdra*al of appeal " prior to tra!sittal of the ori'i!al record8 or the record o! appeal
3otice of appeal sta;s e<ecutio!6
Sec6 /6 Appellate court doc>et a!d other la*ful fees6 = Withi! the period for ta>i!' a! appeal8 the
appella!t shall pa; to the cler> of the court *hich re!dered the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro
the full aou!t of the appellate court doc>et a!d other la*ful fees6 Proof of pa;e!t thereof shall :e
tra!sitted to the appellate court to'ether *ith the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal8 as the case
a; :e6 #!&
Sec6 ?6 Dut; of the cler> of court6 = Withi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro the perfectio! of the appeal8 the
cler> of court or the :ra!ch cler> of court of the lo*er court shall tra!sit the ori'i!al record or the
record o! appeal8 to'ether *ith the tra!scripts a!d e<hi:its8 *hich he shall certif; as coplete8 to the
proper Re'io!al Trial Court6 A cop; of his letter of tra!sittal of the records to the appellate court shall
:e fur!ished the parties6 #!&
Sec6 76 Procedure i! the Re'io!al Trial Court6=
#a& upo! receipt of the coplete record or the record o! appeal8 the cler> of court of the Re'io!al Trial
Court shall !otif; the parties of such fact6
#:& Withi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro such !otice8 it shall :e the dut; of the appella!t to su:it a
eora!du *hich shall :riefl; discuss the errors iputed to the lo*er court8 a cop; of *hich shall
:e fur!ished :; hi to the adverse part;6 Withi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro receipt of the appella!tFs
eora!du8 the appellee a; file his eora!du6 1ailure of the appella!t to file a eora!du
shall :e a 'rou!d for disissal of the appeal6
#c& Gpo! the fili!' of the eora!du of the appellee8 or the e<piratio! of the period to do so8 the case
shall :e co!sidered su:itted for decisio!6 The Re'io!al Trial Court shall decide the case o! the :asis
of the e!tire record of the proceedi!'s had i! the court of ori'i! a!d such eora!da as are filed6 #!&
1ailure to file appella!tFs eora!du is :e a 'rou!d for disissal of the appeal6
Sec6 H6 Appeal fro orders disissi!' case *ithout trialD lac> of (urisdictio!6 = If a! appeal is ta>e!
fro a! order of the lo*er court disissi!' the case *ithout a trial o! the erits8 the Re'io!al Trial
Court a; affir or reverse it8 as the case a; :e6 I! case of affira!ce a!d the 'rou!d of disissal is
lac> of (urisdictio! over the su:(ect atter8 the Re'io!al Trial Court8 if it has (urisdictio! thereover8
shall tr; the case o! the erits as if the case *as ori'i!all; filed *ith it6 I! case of reversal8 the case
shall :e rea!ded for further proceedi!'s6
If the case *as tried o! the erits :; the lo*er court *ithout (urisdictio! over the su:(ect atter8 the
Re'io!al Trial Court o! appeal shall !ot disiss the case if it has ori'i!al (urisdictio! thereof8 :ut shall
decide the case i! accorda!ce *ith the precedi!' sectio!8 *ithout pre(udice to the adissio! of
ae!ded pleadi!'s a!d additio!al evide!ce i! the i!terest of (ustice6 #!&
Appeals to RTC fro MTC re'ardi!' (urisdictio!
disissi!' the case o! lac> of (urisdictio!
I! fact had (urisdictio! " rea!d to MTC
Did !ot have (urisdictio! " hold trial de !ovo i! the RTC
decidi!' a case outside its (urisdictio! " hold trial de !ovo i! the RTC
Sec6 E6 Applica:ilit; of Rule $)6 = The other provisio!s of Rule $) shall appl; to appeals provided for
herei! i!sofar as the; are !ot i!co!siste!t *ith or a; serve to supplee!t the provisio!s of this Rule6
#!&
Cases
Casolita v6 CA8 +7/ SCRA #)EE7& 1ailure to serve !otice of appeal o! the adverse part; preve!ts the
appeal fro :ei!' perfected a!d is 'rou!d for disissal of the appeal6
Lao v6 CA8 +7/ SCRA #)EE7& The MTC has (urisdictio! to resolve the issue of o*!ership o!l; de facto8
!ot de (ure6 If it decides o*!ership de (ure8 the! it has lost (urisdictio!6 2! appeal to the RTC8 the
should 32T disiss the case8 :ut i!stead tr; the case o! the erits6
1ra!cisco v6 Pers>ul8 )7. SCRA .+$ #)EHE& Where the decisio! of the appellate court actuall;
reproduces the fi!di!'s of fact or the co!clusio!s of la* of the court :elo*8 it is !ot a eora!du
decisio!6 The disti!ctive features of the eora!du decisio! are8 first8 it is re!dered :; a! appellate
court8 a!d seco!d8 it i!corporates :; refere!ce the fi!di!'s of fact or the co!clusio!s of la* co!tai!ed
i! the decisio!8 order or ruli!' u!der revie*6 The la* allo*i!' eora!du decisio!s is
co!stitutio!al6
The RTC a; adopt i! toto either e<pressl; or ipliedl; the fi!di!'s a!d co!clusio!s of the i!ferior
court8 a!d such adoptio! *ould aou!t to a su:sta!tial coplia!ce *ith the co!stitutio!al a!date6
7o*ever8 *here the specific ar'ue!ts prese!ted a'ai!st the decisio! of the i!ferior court are of such
!ature that a :la!>et affira!ce of said decisio! does !ot i! fact ade,uatel; dispose of the strictures
a'ai!st it8 it is :ut proper8 if o!l; to facilitate the actio! to :e ta>e! :; the appellate court o! the
petitio! for revie*8 that the co!crete :ases of the ipu'!ed decisio! should appear o! its face8 i!stead
of the appellate court havi!' to di' i!to the records to fi!d out ho* the i!ferior court resolved the
issues of the case6 This pro:le does !ot e<ist i! the case at :ar :ecause the decisio! of the CA
e<te!sivel; ,uoted fro the decisio! of the MTC6 Althou'h o!l; i!corporated :; refere!ce i! the
eora!du decisio! of the RTC the decisio! *as !evertheless availa:le to the CA6 It is this
circusta!ce8 or eve! happe!sta!ce8 if ;ou *ill8 that has validated the eora!du decisio!
challe!'ed i! this case a!d spared it fro co!stitutio!al i!firit;6
The eora!du decisio!8 to :e valid8 ca!!ot i!corporate the fi!di!'s of fact a!d the co!clusio!s of
la* of the lo*er court o!l; :; reote refere!ce8 *hich is to sa; that the challe!'ed decisio! is !ot
easil; a!d iediatel; availa:le to the perso! readi!' the eora!du decisio!6 1or the
i!corporatio! :; refere!ce to :e allo*ed8 it ust provide for direct access to the facts a!d the la* :ei!'
adopted8 *hich ust :e co!tai!ed i! a statee!t attached to the said decisio!6 The eora!du
decisio! should actuall; e:od; the fi!di!'s of fact a!d co!clusio!s of la* of the lo*er court i! a!
a!!e< attached to a!d ade a! i!dispe!sa:le part of the decisio!6 The pro<iit; at least of the a!!e<ed
statee!t should su''est that such a! e<ai!atio! has :ee! u!derta>e!6
The eora!du decisio! a; :e resorted to o!l; i! cases *here the facts are i! the ai! accepted :;
:oth parties or easil; deteri!a:le :; the (ud'e a!d there are !o doctri!al coplicatio!s i!volved that
*ill re,uire a! e<te!ded discussio! of the la*s i!volved6 The eora!du decisio! a; :e eplo;ed
i! siple liti'atio!s o!l;8 such as ordi!ar; collectio! cases8 *here the appeal is o:viousl; 'rou!dless
a!d deserves !o ore tha! the tie !eeded to disiss it6 The eora!du decisio! should :e
spari!'l; used lest it :ecoe a! addictive e<cuse for (udicial sloth6
Appeal fro the RTC #Rule $)&
Rule $)
Sectio! )6 Su:(ect of appeal6 = A! appeal a; :e ta>e! fro a (ud'e!t or fi!al order that copletel;
disposes of the case8 or of a particular atter therei! *he! declared :; these Rules to :e appeala:le6
3o appeal a; :e ta>e! fro9
#a& A! order de!;i!' a otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio!D
#:& A! order de!;i!' a petitio! for relief or a!; siilar otio! see>i!' relief fro (ud'e!tD
#c& A! i!terlocutor; orderD
#d& A! order disallo*i!' or disissi!' a! appealD
#e& A! order de!;i!' a otio! to set aside a (ud'e!t :; co!se!t8 co!fessio! or coproise o! the
'rou!d of fraud8 ista>e or duress8 or a!; other 'rou!d vitiati!' co!se!tD
#f& A! order of e<ecutio!D
#'& A (ud'e!t or fi!al order for or a'ai!st o!e or ore of several parties or i! separate clais8
cou!terclais8 cross-clais a!d third-part; coplai!ts8 *hile the ai! case is pe!di!'8 u!less the court
allo*s a! appeal therefroD a!d
#h& A! order disissi!' a! actio! *ithout pre(udice6
I! all the a:ove i!sta!ces *here the (ud'e!t or fi!al order is !ot appeala:le8 the a''rieved part; a;
file a! appropriate special civil actio! u!der Rule ?/6 #!&
A! appeal a; :e ta>e! fro
a (ud'e!t or fi!al order that copletel; disposes of the case8 or
of a particular atter therei! *he! declared :; these Rules to :e appeala:le6
3o appeal a; :e ta>e! fro #reed; is special civil actio! certiorari8 prohi:itio! or a!daus&
De!ial of a otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio!D
De!ial of a petitio! for relief or a!; siilar otio! see>i!' relief fro (ud'e!tD
i!terlocutor; orderD
order disallo*i!' or disissi!' a! appealD
de!ial of a otio! to set aside a (ud'e!t :; co!se!t8 co!fessio! or coproise o! the 'rou!d of
vitiatio! of co!se!tD
order of e<ecutio!D
(ud'e!t or fi!al order for or a'ai!st o!e or ore of several parties or i! separate clais8
cou!terclais8 cross-clais a!d third-part; coplai!ts8 *hile the ai! case is pe!di!'8 u!less the court
allo*s a! appeal therefroD a!d
order disissi!' a! actio! *ithout pre(udice6
Sec6 +6 Modes of appeal6=
#a& 2rdi!ar; appeal6= The appeal to the Court of Appeals i! cases decided :; the Re'io!al Trial Court
i! the e<ercise of its ori'i!al (urisdictio! shall :e ta>e! :; fili!' a !otice of appeal *ith the court *hich
re!dered the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro a!d servi!' a cop; thereof upo! the adverse part;6
3o record o! appeal shall :e re,uired e<cept i! special proceedi!'s a!d other cases of ultiple or
separate appeals *here the la* or these Rules so re,uire6 I! such cases8 the record o! appeal shall :e
filed a!d served i! li>e a!!er6
#:& Petitio! for revie*6= The appeal to the Court of Appeals i! cases decided :; the Re'io!al Trial
Court i! the e<ercise of its appellate (urisdictio! shall :e :; petitio! for revie* i! accorda!ce *ith Rule
$+6
#c& Appeal :; certiorari6= I! all cases *here o!l; ,uestio!s of la* are raised or i!volved8 the appeal
shall :e to the Supree Court :; petitio! for revie* o! certiorari i! accorda!ce *ith Rule $/6 #!&
Modes of appeal
2rdi!ar; appeal
Petitio! for revie*
Appeal :; certiorari
2rdi!ar; appeal
appeal to the CA
i! cases decided :; the RTC i! the e<ercise of its ori'i!al (urisdictio!
ta>e! :;
fili!' a !otice of appeal *ith the court *hich re!dered the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro a!d
servi!' a cop; thereof upo! the adverse part;
3o record o! appeal shall :e re,uired e<cept #i! such cases8 the record o! appeal shall :e filed a!d
served&
special proceedi!'s a!d
other cases of ultiple or separate appeals *here the la* or these Rules so re,uire
Petitio! for revie*
appeal to the CA
i! cases decided :; the RTC i! the e<ercise of its appellate (urisdictio!
:; petitio! for revie* #Rule $+&
Appeal :; certiorari
I! all cases *here o!l; ,uestio!s of la* are raised or i!volved
appeal shall :e to the SC
:; petitio! for revie* o! certiorari #Rule $/&
After fili!' a !otice of appeal8 appella!tFs :rief follo*s6 This is a atter of ri'ht6
A petitio! for revie* is erel; discretio!ar;8 !ot a atter of ri'ht6
Sec6 .6 Period of ordi!ar; appeal6 = The appeal shall :e ta>e! *ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro !otice of
the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro6 Where a record o! appeal is re,uired8 the appella!t shall file
a !otice of appeal a!d a record o! appeal *ithi! thirt; #.%& da;s fro !otice of the (ud'e!t or fi!al
order6
The period of appeal shall :e i!terrupted :; a tiel; otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio!6 3o
otio! for e<te!sio! of tie to file a otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio! shall :e allo*ed6 #!&
Period of ordi!ar; appeal
*ithi! )/ da;s fro !otice of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro
*here a record o! appeal is re,uired8 *ithi! .% da;s fro !otice of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order6
The period of appeal shall :e i!terrupted :; a tiel; otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio!6
3o otio! for e<te!sio! of tie to file a otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio! shall :e allo*ed6
Sec6 $6 Appellate court doc>et a!d other la*ful fees6 = Withi! the period for ta>i!' a! appeal8 the
appella!t shall pa; to the cler> of the court *hich re!dered the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro8
the full aou!t of the appellate court doc>et a!d other la*ful fees6 Proof of pa;e!t of said fees shall
:e tra!sitted to the appellate court to'ether *ith the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal6 #!&
Sec6 /6 3otice of appeal6 = The !otice of appeal shall i!dicate the parties to the appeal8 specif; the
(ud'e!t or fi!al order or part thereof appealed fro8 specif; the court to *hich the appeal is :ei!'
ta>e!8 a!d state the aterial dates sho*i!' the tieli!ess of the appeal6 #$a&
Co!te!ts of a !otice of appeal
the parties to the appeal
the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or part thereof appealed fro
the court to *hich the appeal is :ei!' ta>e!8 a!d
the aterial dates sho*i!' the tieli!ess of the appeal6
3ote that i! !otice of appeal fro the MTC8 there is !o !eed to i!dicate the court to *hich the appeal is
directed6 I! !otice of appeal fro the RTC8 there it is re,uired to i!dicate the court to *hich the appeal
is directed6
Sec6 ?6 Record o! appealD for a!d co!te!ts thereof6 = The full !aes of all the parties to the
proceedi!'s shall :e stated i! the captio! of the record o! appeal a!d it shall i!clude the (ud'e!t or
fi!al order fro *hich the appeal is ta>e! a!d8 i! chro!olo'ical order8 copies of o!l; such pleadi!'s8
petitio!s8 otio!s a!d all i!terlocutor; orders as are related to the appealed (ud'e!t or fi!al order for
the proper u!dersta!di!' of the issue i!volved8 to'ether *ith such data as *ill sho* that the appeal *as
perfected o! tie6 If a! issue of fact is to :e raised o! appeal8 the record o! appeal shall i!clude :;
refere!ce all the evide!ce8 testio!ial a!d docue!tar;8 ta>e! upo! the issue i!volved6 The refere!ce
shall specif; the docue!tar; evide!ce :; the e<hi:it !u:ers or letters :; *hich it *as ide!tified
*he! aditted or offered at the heari!'8 a!d the testio!ial evide!ce :; the !aes of the
correspo!di!' *it!esses6 If the *hole testio!ial a!d docue!tar; evide!ce i! the case is to :e
i!cluded8 a statee!t to that effect *ill :e sufficie!t *ithout e!tio!i!' the !aes of the *it!esses or
the !u:ers or letters of e<hi:its6 Ever; record o! appeal e<ceedi!' t*e!t; #+%& pa'es ust co!tai! a
su:(ect i!de<6 #?a&
Co!te!ts of record o! appeal fro the RTC #sae as co!te!ts of record o! appeal fro the MTC&
The full !aes of all the parties to the proceedi!'s stated i! the captio!
the (ud'e!t or fi!al order fro *hich the appeal is ta>e!
i! chro!olo'ical order8 copies of pleadi!'s8 petitio!s8 otio!s a!d all i!terlocutor; orders related to the
appealed (ud'e!t or fi!al order
data as *ill sho* that the appeal *as perfected o! tie
If a! issue of fact is to :e raised o! appeal8 the record o! appeal shall i!clude :; refere!ce all the
evide!ce8 testio!ial a!d docue!tar;8 ta>e! upo! the issue i!volved6 The refere!ce shall specif;
the docue!tar; evide!ce :; the e<hi:it !u:ers or letters :; *hich it *as ide!tified *he! aditted
or offered at the heari!'8 a!d
the testio!ial evide!ce :; the !aes of the correspo!di!' *it!esses6
If the *hole testio!ial a!d docue!tar; evide!ce i! the case is to :e i!cluded8 a statee!t to that
effect *ill :e sufficie!t *ithout e!tio!i!' the !aes of the *it!esses or the !u:ers or letters of
e<hi:its6
Ever; record o! appeal e<ceedi!' +% pa'es ust co!tai! a su:(ect i!de<
Sec6 76 Approval of record o! appeal6 = Gpo! the fili!' of the record o! appeal for approval a!d if !o
o:(ectio! is filed :; the appellee *ithi! five #/& da;s fro receipt of a cop; thereof8 the trial court a;
approve it as prese!ted or upo! its o*! otio! or at the i!sta!ce of the appellee8 a; direct its
ae!de!t :; the i!clusio! of a!; oitted atters *hich are deeed esse!tial to the deteri!atio! of
the issue of la* or fact i!volved i! the appeal6 If the trial court orders the ae!de!t of the record8 the
appella!t8 *ithi! the tie liited i! the order8 or such e<te!sio! thereof as a; :e 'ra!ted8 or if !o
tie is fi<ed :; the order *ithi! te! #)%& da;s fro receipt thereof8 shall redraft the record :; i!cludi!'
therei!8 i! their proper chro!olo'ical se,ue!ce8 such additio!al atters as the court a; have directed
hi to i!corporate8 a!d shall thereupo! su:it the redrafted record for approval8 upo! !otice to the
appellee8 i! li>e a!!er as the ori'i!al draft6 #7a&
Gpo! the fili!' of the record o! appeal for approval a!d if !o o:(ectio! is filed :; the appellee *ithi! /
da;s fro receipt of a cop; thereof8 the trial court a;
approve it as prese!ted or
a; direct its ae!de!t :; the i!clusio! of a!; oitted atters *hich are deeed esse!tial to the
deteri!atio! of the issue of la* o;r fact i!volved i! the appeal6
upo! its o*! otio! or
at the i!sta!ce of the appellee
If the trial court orders the ae!de!t of the record
the appella!t *ithi!
the tie liited i! the order8 or
such e<te!sio! thereof as a; :e 'ra!ted8 or
if !o tie is fi<ed :; the order *ithi! )% da;s fro receipt
shall
redraft the record :; i!cludi!' therei!8 i! their proper chro!olo'ical se,ue!ce8 such additio!al atters
as the court a; have directed hi to i!corporate8 a!d
su:it the redrafted record for approval8 upo! !otice to the appellee8 i! li>e a!!er as the ori'i!al
draft6
Sec6 H6 0oi!t record o! appeal6 = Where :oth parties are appella!ts8 the; a; file a (oi!t record o!
appeal *ithi! the tie fi<ed :; sectio! . of this Rule8 or that fi<ed :; the court6 #Ha&
Where :oth parties are appella!ts8 the; a; file a (oi!t record o! appeal *ithi!
.% da;s fro !otice of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order8 or
a period fi<ed :; the court6
Sec6 E6 Perfectio! of appealD effect thereof6 = A part;Fs appeal :; !otice of appeal is deeed perfected
as to hi upo! the fili!' of the !otice of appeal i! due tie6
A part;Fs appeal :; record o! appeal is deeed perfected as to hi *ith respect to the su:(ect atter
thereof upo! the approval of the record o! appeal filed i! due tie6
I! appeals :; !otice of appeal8 the court loses (urisdictio! over the case upo! the perfectio! of the
appeals filed i! due tie a!d the e<piratio! of the tie to appeal of the other parties6
I! appeals :; record o! appeal8 the court loses (urisdictio! o!l; over the su:(ect atter thereof upo! the
approval of the records o! appeal filed i! due tie a!d the e<piratio! of the tie to appeal of the other
parties6
I! either case8 prior to the tra!sittal of the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal8 the court a; issue
orders for the protectio! a!d preservatio! of the ri'hts of the parties *hich do !ot i!volve a!; atter
liti'ated :; the appeal8 approve coproises8 perit appeals of i!di'e!t liti'a!ts8 order e<ecutio!
pe!di!' appeal i! accorda!ce *ith sectio! + of Rule .E8 a!d allo* *ithdra*al of the appeal6 #Ea&
de Leo!9 The co!cepts of perfectio! of appeal8 loss of (urisdictio!8 a!d po*er to issue orders are the
sae i! appeals fro the MTC a!d RTC6
Sec6 )%6 Dut; of cler> of court of the lo*er court upo! perfectio! of appeal6 = Withi! thirt; #.%& da;s
after perfectio! of all the appeals i! accorda!ce *ith the precedi!' sectio!8 it shall :e the dut; of the
cler> of court of the lo*er court9
#a& To verif; the correct!ess of the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal8 as the case a; :e8 a!d to
a>e a certificatio! of its correct!essD
#:& To verif; the coplete!ess of the records that *ill :e tra!sitted to the appellate courtD
#c& If fou!d to :e i!coplete8 to ta>e such easures as a; :e re,uired to coplete the records8
availi!' of the authorit; that he or the court a; e<ercise for this purposeD a!d
#d& To tra!sit the records to the appellate court6
If the efforts to coplete the records fail8 he shall i!dicate i! his letter of tra!sittal the e<hi:its or
tra!scripts !ot i!cluded i! the records :ei!' tra!sitted to the appellate court8 the reaso!s for their !o!-
tra!sittal8 a!d the steps ta>e! or that could :e ta>e! to have the availa:le6
The cler> of court shall fur!ish the parties *ith copies of his letter of tra!sittal of the records to the
appellate court6 #)%a&
Sec6 ))6 Tra!script6 = Gpo! the perfectio! of the appeal8 the cler> shall iediatel; direct the
ste!o'raphers co!cer!ed to attach to the record of the case five #/& copies of the tra!scripts of the
testio!ial evide!ce referred to i! the record o! appeal6 The ste!o'raphers co!cer!ed shall tra!scri:e
such testio!ial evide!ce a!d shall prepare a!d affi< to their tra!scripts a! i!de< co!tai!i!' the !aes
of the *it!esses a!d the pa'es *herei! their testio!ies are fou!d8 a!d a list of the e<hi:its a!d the
pa'es *herei! each of the appears to have :ee! offered a!d aditted or re(ected :; the trial court6
The tra!scripts shall :e tra!sitted to the cler> of the trial court *ho shall thereupo! arra!'e the sae
i! the order i! *hich the *it!esses testified at the trial8 a!d shall cause the pa'es to :e !u:ered
co!secutivel;6 #)+a&
Sec6 )+6 Tra!sittal6 = The cler> of the trial court shall tra!sit to the appellate court the ori'i!al
record or the approved record o! appeal *ithi! thirt; #.%& da;s fro the perfectio! of the appeal8
to'ether *ith the proof of pa;e!t of the appellate court doc>et a!d other la*ful fees8 a certified true
cop; of the i!utes of the proceedi!'s8 the order of approval8 the certificate of correct!ess8 the ori'i!al
docue!tar; evide!ce referred to therei!8 a!d the ori'i!al a!d three #.& copies of the tra!scripts6
Copies of the tra!scripts a!d certified true copies of the docue!tar; evide!ce shall reai! i! the
lo*er court for the e<ai!atio! of the parties6 #))a&
Withi! .% da;s after perfectio! of all the appeals8 it shall :e the dut; of the cler> of court of court a ,uo
direct the ste!o'raphers co!cer!ed to attach to the record of the case / copies of the tra!scripts of the
testio!ial evide!ce referred to i! the record o! appeal
To verif; the correct!ess of the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal8 a!d to a>e a certificatio! of its
correct!ess
To verif; the coplete!ess of the records that *ill :e tra!sitted to the appellate courtD
If fou!d to :e i!coplete8 to ta>e such easures as a; :e re,uired to coplete the records8 availi!'
of the authorit; that he or the court a; e<ercise for this purposeD a!d
If the efforts to coplete the records fail8 he shall i!dicate i! his letter of tra!sittal
the e<hi:its or tra!scripts !ot tra!sitted to the appellate court
the reaso!s for their !o!-tra!sittal8 a!d
the steps ta>e! or that could :e ta>e! to have the availa:le6
To tra!sit the records to the appellate court6
fur!ish the parties *ith copies of his letter of tra!sittal of the records to the appellate court
The ste!o'raphers co!cer!ed shall
tra!scri:e such testio!ial evide!ce a!d
prepare a!d affi< to their tra!scripts
a! i!de< co!tai!i!' the !aes of the *it!esses a!d the pa'es *herei! their testio!ies are fou!d8 a!d
a list of the e<hi:its a!d the pa'es *herei! each of the appears to have :ee! offered a!d aditted or
re(ected :; the trial court6
tra!sit the tra!scripts to the cler> of the trial court *ho shall thereupo!
arra!'e the sae i! the order i! *hich the *it!esses testified at the trial8 a!d
cause the pa'es to :e !u:ered co!secutivel;6
The cler> of the trial court shall8 *ithi! .% da;s fro the perfectio! of the appeal8 tra!sit to the
appellate court
the ori'i!al record or the approved record o! appeal
proof of pa;e!t of the appellate court doc>et a!d other la*ful fees
a certified true cop; of the i!utes of the proceedi!'s
the order of approval
the certificate of correct!ess
the ori'i!al docue!tar; evide!ce referred to therei!8 a!d
the ori'i!al a!d . copies of the tra!scripts6
Copies of the tra!scripts a!d certified true copies of the docue!tar; evide!ce shall reai! i! the
lo*er court for the e<ai!atio! of the parties6
Sec6 ).6 Disissal of appeal6- Prior to the tra!sittal of the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal to
the appellate court8 the trial court a;8 otu proprio or o! otio!8 disiss the appeal for havi!' :ee!
ta>e! out of tie or !o!-pa;e!t of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees *ithi! the re'lee!tar; period6
#).a&
Prior to the tra!sittal of the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal to the appellate court8 the trial
court a;8 otu proprio or o! otio!8 disiss the appeal
for havi!' :ee! ta>e! out of tie or
!o!-pa;e!t of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees *ithi! the re'lee!tar; period
Cases
Mu!icipalit; of @iIa! v6 Jarcia8 ))H or )H% SCRA /7? #)EHE& Appeals i! special proceedi!'s a!d
other cases *herei! ultiple appeals are allo*ed #e6'6 ei!e!t doai!8 partitio!&8 the period of appeal
shall :e .% #!ot )/& da;s fro !otice of the order appealed fro8 a record of appeal :ei!' re,uired6
Elepa!te v6 Ma!a;a'8 )E? SCRA .EE #)EE)& I! coputi!' the period to appeal the date o! *hich the
appella!t is !otified of the decisio! is !ot cou!ted a!d the period starts to ru! the follo*i!' da; u!less
the sae :; a Su!da; or le'al holida; i! *hich case the period of appeal is to :e co!sidered fro the
succeedi!' da;6 To perfect a! appeal8 a !otice of appeal is re,uired to :e filed *ith the Cler> of Court
or 0ud'e *ho re!dered the (ud'e!t6 1urtherore8 appeal i! ha:eas corpus fro the decisio! of the
RTC shall :e ta>e! to the CA *here it i!volves factual ,uestio!s8 or directl; to the SC o! pure
,uestio!s of la*6 The decisio! of the 0ud'e to *ho the *rit is ade retur!a:le8 either for the release
of the detai!ee or for sustai!i!' his dete!tio!8 if !ot appealed o! tie8 ca! :ecoe fi!al (ust li>e a!
ordi!ar; case6
Me!eses v6 CA8 +.7 SCRA $H$ #)EE$&
1acts9 Me!eses filed *ith the RTC a coplai!t for daa'es a'ai!st PKJ for a! accide!t that occurred
i!side PKJFs soap pla!t6 I!stead of fili!' a! a!s*er8 PKJ oved to disiss the coplai!t o! 'rou!ds
of laches a!d of lac> of (urisdictio! of the trial court over the !ature a!d su:(ect atter of the suit8 the
sae :ei!' *ithi! the e<clusive a!d ori'i!al (urisdictio! of the La:or Ar:iters6 TC disissed the
coplai!t i! the 'rou!d of lac> of (urisdictio!6 I!stead of fili!' a !otice of appeal8 Me!eses filed
*ithi! the period to appeal a petitio! for certiorari u!der Rule $/ :ut *ith the CA6 CA disissed the
petitio! for revie* o! the 'rou!d that Me!eses should have filed a petitio! for revie* o! certiorari *ith
the SC6
7eld9 The provisio!s prescri:i!' a coo! ode of appeal to the CA a!d to the SC8 a!d a coo!
ethod of passi!' o! a!d resolvi!' a! appeal8 are !o lo!'er i! force a!d effect6 There is !o lo!'er a!;
(ustificatio! for allo*i!' tra!sfers of erro!eous appeals fro o!e court to the other6 If a! appeal is
essa;ed to either court :; the *ro!' procedure8 the o!l; course of actio! ope! is to disiss the appeal6
At prese!t8 e<cept i! crii!al cases *here the pe!alt; iposed is life ipriso!e!t or reclusio!
perpetua8 there is !o *a; :; *hich (ud'e!ts of RTC a; :e appealed to the SC e<cept :; petitio! for
revie* o! certiorari i! accorda!ce *ith Rule $/6 1urtherore8 it is !ot possi:le to ta>e a! appeal :;
certiorari to the CA6 Appeals to the CA fro the RTC are perfected :; ordi!ar; appeal8 or :; petitio!
for revie*6
7o*ever8 if a! appeal :; !otice of appeal is ta>e! fro the RTC to the CA a!d i! the CA8 the appella!t
raises !au'ht :ut issues of la*8 the appeal should :e disissed for lac> of (urisdictio!6
I! the i!sta!t case the trial courtLs order of / 0u!e )EE+ disissi!' Me!esesF coplai!t *as a fi!al
order :ecause it had put a! e!d to the particular atter resolved8 or settled defi!itel; the atter therei!
disposed of a!d left !othi!' ore to :e do!e :; the trial court e<cept the e<ecutio! of the order6 It is a
firl; settled rule that the reed; a'ai!st such order is appeal a!d !ot certiorari6 That appeal a; :e
solel; o! ,uestio!s of la*8 i! *hich case it a; :e ta>e! o!l; to the SCD or o! ,uestio!s of fact a!d
la*8 i! *hich case the appeal should :e :rou'ht to the CA6 If Me!eses had chose! to appeal fro the
disissal order of the RTC solel; o! ,uestio!s of la*8 the! he should have filed a petitio! for revie*
o! certiorari *ith the SC6 If he *a!ted to raise i! his appeal :oth ,uestio!s of la* a!d of fact8 the! he
should have pursued the reed; of a! ordi!ar; appeal to the CA a!d !ot :; *a; of a petitio! for
revie* u!der Rule $/6
Ses:reIo v6 CA8 +$% SCRA ?%? #)EE/& #eoriMe the SCFs defi!itio! of ,uestio! of la*&
,uestio! of la* " a ,uestio! *hich e<ists *he! the dou:t or differe!ce arises as to *hat the la* is o!
certai! state of facts
,uestio! of fact " *he! the dou:t or differe!ce arises as to the truth or the falsehood of alle'ed factsD
*he! the ,uer; !ecessaril; i!vites cali:ratio! of the *hole evide!ce8 co!sideri!' ai!l; the credi:ilit;
of *it!esses8 e<iste!ce a!d releva!c; of specific surrou!di!' circusta!ces8 their relatio! to each other
a!d to the *hole a!d the pro:a:ilities of the situatio!6
Petitio! for Revie* fro the RTC to the CA #Rule $+&
Sectio! )6 7o* appeal ta>e!D tie for fili!'6 = A part; desiri!' to appeal fro a decisio! of the
Re'io!al Trial Court re!dered i! the e<ercise of its appellate (urisdictio! a; file a verified petitio! for
revie* *ith the Court of Appeals8 pa;i!' at the sae tie to the cler> of said court the correspo!di!'
doc>et a!d other la*ful fees8 depositi!' the aou!t of P/%%6%% for costs8 a!d fur!ishi!' the Re'io!al
Trial Court a!d the adverse part; *ith a cop; of the petitio!6 The petitio! shall :e filed a!d served
*ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro !otice of the decisio! sou'ht to :e revie*ed or of the de!ial of
petitio!erFs otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio! filed i! due tie after (ud'e!t6 Gpo! proper
otio! a!d the pa;e!t of the full aou!t of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees a!d the deposit for costs
:efore the e<piratio! of the re'lee!tar; period8 the Court of Appeals a; 'ra!t a! additio!al period
of fiftee! #)/& da;s o!l; *ithi! *hich to file the petitio! for revie*6 3o further e<te!sio! shall :e
'ra!ted e<cept for the ost copelli!' reaso! a!d i! !o case to e<ceed fiftee! #)/& da;s6 #!&
Period to file a!d serve petitio! for revie* fro RTC to CA " )/ da;s fro !otice of the decisio!
sou'ht to :e revie*ed or of the de!ial of petitio!erFs M3T or MfRD e<te!di:le :; a!other )/ da;sD
further e<te!sio! of )/ da;s o!l; *ith copelli!' reaso!
A part; has a fresh )/ da;s to file a petitio! for revie* fro de!ial of the M1R or M3T8 :ut o!l; the
reai!i!' period to file a !otice of appeal6
The period to file a petitio! for revie* a; :e e<te!ded :; the appellate court8 :ut the period to file a
!otice of appeal a; !ot :e e<te!ded :; the court a ,uo6
de Leo!9 The period to file M3T or MfR is al*a;s !o!-e<te!di:le6 The period to file a !otice of appeal
is also !ot e<te!di:le6A7a:alu;as v6 0a:so!8 ).H SCRA $? #)EH/&C 7o*ever8 a period to file a petitio!
for revie* a; :e e<te!ded :; )/ da;s8 a!d for the ost copelli!' reaso!8 a!other )/ da;s6
Sec6 +6 1or a!d co!te!ts6 = The petitio! shall :e filed i! seve! #7& le'i:le copies8 *ith the ori'i!al
cop; i!te!ded for the court :ei!' i!dicated as such :; the petitio!er8 a!d shall #a& state the full !aes
of the parties to the case8 *ithout ipleadi!' the lo*er courts or (ud'es thereof either as petitio!ers or
respo!de!tsD #:& i!dicate the specific aterial dates sho*i!' that it *as filed o! tieD #c& set forth
co!cisel; a statee!t of the atters i!volved8 the issues raised8 the specificatio! of errors of fact or
la*8 or :oth8 alle'edl; coitted :; the Re'io!al Trial Court8 a!d the reaso!s or ar'ue!ts relied
upo! for the allo*a!ce of the appealD #d& :e accopa!ied :; clearl; le'i:le duplicate ori'i!als or true
copies of the (ud'e!ts or fi!al orders of :oth lo*er courts8 certified correct :; the cler> of court of the
Re'io!al Trial Court8 the re,uisite !u:er of plai! copies thereof a!d of the pleadi!'s a!d other
aterial portio!s of the record as *ould support the alle'atio!s of the petitio!6
The petitio!er shall also su:it to'ether *ith the petitio! a certificatio! u!der oath that he has !ot
theretofore coe!ced a!; other actio! i!volvi!' the sae issues i! the Supree Court8 the Court of
Appeals or differe!t divisio!s thereof8 or a!; other tri:u!al or a'e!c;D if there is such other actio! or
proceedi!'8 he ust state the status of the saeD a!d if he should thereafter lear! that a siilar actio! or
proceedi!' has :ee! filed or is pe!di!' :efore the Supree Court8 the Court of Appeals8 or differe!t
divisio!s thereof8 or a!; other tri:u!al or a'e!c;8 he u!derta>es to proptl; i!for the aforesaid courts
a!d other tri:u!al or a'e!c; thereof *ithi! five #/& da;s therefro6 #!&
Co!te!ts of petitio! for revie*
full !aes of the parties8 *ithout ipleadi!' the lo*er courts or (ud'es
specific aterial dates sho*i!' that it *as filed o! tie
statee!t of the
atters i!volved
issues raised
specificatio! of errors of fact or la*8 or :oth8 alle'edl; coitted :; the Re'io!al Trial Court8 a!d
the reaso!s or ar'ue!ts relied upo! for the allo*a!ce of the appeal
clearl; le'i:le duplicate ori'i!als or true copies of the (ud'e!ts or fi!al orders of :oth lo*er courts8
certified correct :; the cler> of the RTC8 the re,uisite !u:er of plai! copies thereof a!d of the
pleadi!'s a!d other aterial portio!s of the record as *ould support the alle'atio!s of the petitio!6
3ote that a certificatio! of !o!-foru shoppi!' is re,uired i! petitio! for revie*6 This is !ot so i!
ordi!ar; appeal6
Sec6 .6 Effect of failure to copl; *ith re,uiree!ts6 = The failure of the petitio!er to copl; *ith
a!; of the fore'oi!' re,uiree!ts re'ardi!' the pa;e!t of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees8 the
deposit for costs8 proof of service of the petitio!8 a!d the co!te!ts of a!d the docue!ts *hich should
accopa!; the petitio! shall :e sufficie!t 'rou!d for the disissal thereof6 #!&
Sec6 $6 Actio! o! the petitio!6 = The Court of Appeals a; re,uire the respo!de!t to file a coe!t
o! the petitio!8 !ot a otio! to disiss8 *ithi! te! #)%& da;s fro !otice8 or disiss the petitio! if it
fi!ds the sae to :e pate!tl; *ithout erit8 prosecuted a!ifestl; for dela;8 or that the ,uestio!s raised
therei! are too u!su:sta!tial to re,uire co!sideratio!6 #!&
Jrou!ds for otu propio disissal of the petitio! for revie*
pate!tl; *ithout erit
prosecuted a!ifestl; for dela;8 or
the ,uestio!s raised therei! are too u!su:sta!tial to re,uire co!sideratio!
Sec6 /6 Co!te!ts of coe!t6 = The coe!t of the respo!de!t shall :e filed i! seve! #7& le'i:le
copies8 accopa!ied :; certified true copies of such aterial portio!s of the record referred to therei!
to'ether *ith other supporti!' papers a!d shall #a& state *hether or !ot he accepts the statee!t of
atters i!volved i! the petitio!D #:& poi!t out such i!sufficie!cies or i!accuracies as he :elieves e<ist i!
petitio!erFs statee!t of atters i!volved :ut *ithout repetitio!D a!d #c& state the reaso!s *h; the
petitio! should !ot :e 'ive! due course6 A cop; thereof shall :e served o! the petitio!er6 #!&
Sec6 ?6 Due course6 = If upo! the fili!' of the coe!t or such other pleadi!'s as the court a; allo*
or re,uire8 or after the e<piratio! of the period for the fili!' thereof *ithout such coe!t or pleadi!'
havi!' :ee! su:itted8 the Court of Appeals fi!ds pria facie that the lo*er court has coitted a!
error of fact or la* that *ill *arra!t a reversal or odificatio! of the appealed decisio!8 it a;
accordi!'l; 'ive due course to the petitio!6 #!&
Sec6 76 Elevatio! of record6 = Whe!ever the Court of Appeals dees it !ecessar;8 it a; order the
cler> of court of the Re'io!al Trial Court to elevate the ori'i!al record of the case i!cludi!' the oral
a!d docue!tar; evide!ce *ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro !otice6 #!&
Sec6 H6 Perfectio! of appealD effect thereof6 = #a& Gpo! the tiel; fili!' of a petitio! for revie* a!d the
pa;e!t of the correspo!di!' doc>et a!d other la*ful fees8 the appeal is deeed perfected as to the
petitio!er6
The Re'io!al Trial Court loses (urisdictio! over the case upo! the perfectio! of the appeals filed i! due
tie a!d the e<piratio! of the tie to appeal of the other parties6
7o*ever8 :efore the Court of Appeals 'ives due course to the petitio!8 the Re'io!al Trial Court a;
issue orders for the protectio! a!d preservatio! of the ri'hts of the parties *hich do !ot i!volve a!;
atter liti'ated :; the appeal8 approve coproises8 perit appeals of i!di'e!t liti'a!ts8 order
e<ecutio! pe!di!' appeal i! accorda!ce *ith sectio! + of Rule .E8 a!d allo* *ithdra*al of the appeal6
#Ea8 R$)&
#:& E<cept i! civil cases decided u!der the Rule o! Suar; Procedure8 the appeal shall sta; the
(ud'e!t or fi!al order u!less the Court of Appeals8 the la*8 or these Rules shall provide other*ise6 #!&
G!der petitio! for revie*
perfectio! of appeal " as to petitio!er8 upo! fili!' of petitio! for revie* *ith pa;e!t of fees
loss of (urisdictio! " upo! perfectio! of appeal a!d e<piratio! of period to appeal of other parties
po*er to issue orders8 etc6 " u!til CA 'ives due course #u!li>e tra!sittal of records i! ordi!ar; appeal&
JR9 Petitio! for revie* sta;s e<ecutio!6
E<ceptio!s9
suar; procedure
provided other*ise :;
the CA
la*
RoC
I! e(ecte!t (ud'e!ts8 e<ecutio! is sta;ed o!l; if a! appeal is ade to the RTC8 supersedeas :o!d is
filed a!d re!tals co!ti!ues to :e paid pe!di!' appeal6 1ailure to pa; re!tals ea!s e<ecutio! e!sues6
The aou!t of supersedeas :o!d should :e the aou!t of :ac> re!tals6 @ut further appeal fro the
RTC to the CA8 e<ecutio! ca! !o lo!'er :e sta;ed #li>e other suar; procedures&6
Sec6 E6 Su:issio! for decisio!6 = If the petitio! is 'ive! due course8 the Court of Appeals a; set the
case for oral ar'ue!t or re,uire the parties to su:it eora!da *ithi! a period of fiftee! #)/& da;s
fro !otice6 The case shall :e deeed su:itted for decisio! upo! the fili!' of the last pleadi!' or
eora!du re,uired :; these Rules or :; the court itself6 #!&
Appeals fro the Court of Ta< Appeals a!d Nuasi-0udicial A'e!cies to the CA #Rule $.&
Sectio! )6 Scope6 = This Rule shall appl; to appeals fro (ud'e!ts or fi!al orders of the Court of
Ta< Appeals a!d fro a*ards8 (ud'e!ts8 fi!al orders or resolutio!s of or authoriMed :; a!; ,uasi-
(udicial a'e!c; i! the e<ercise of its ,uasi-(udicial fu!ctio!s6 Ao!' these a'e!cies are the Civil
Service Coissio!8 Ce!tral @oard of Assesse!t Appeals8 Securities a!d E<cha!'e Coissio!8
2ffice of the Preside!t8 La!d Re'istratio! Authorit;8 Social Securit; Coissio!8 Civil Aero!autics
@oard8 @ureau of Pate!ts8 Tradear>s a!d Tech!olo'; Tra!sfer8 3atio!al Electrificatio!
Adi!istratio!8 E!er'; Re'ulator; @oard8 3atio!al Telecou!icatio!s Coissio!8 Departe!t of
A'raria! Refor u!der Repu:lic Act 3o6 ??/78 Jover!e!t Service I!sura!ce S;ste8 Eplo;ees
Cope!satio! Coissio!8 A'ricultural I!ve!tio!s @oard8 I!sura!ce Coissio!8 Philippi!e Atoic
E!er'; Coissio!8 @oard of I!veste!ts8 Co!structio! I!dustr; Ar:itratio! Coissio!8 a!d
volu!tar; ar:itrators authoriMed :; la*6 #!&
cf !e* Securities Re'ulatio!s Code
Sec6 +6 Cases !ot covered6 = This Rule shall !ot appl; to (ud'e!ts or fi!al orders issued u!der the
La:or Code of the Philippi!es6 #!&
St6 Marti! 1u!eral 7oes v6 3LRC8 +E/ SCRA $E$ #)EEH&9 Decisio!s of the 3LRC are !o*
appeala:le to the CA :; special civil actio!s for certiorari u!der Rule ?/6 1ro the CA decisio!8 appeal
to the SC is :; petitio! for revie* o! certiorar u!der Rule $/6
Sec6 .6 Where to appeal6 = A! appeal u!der this Rule a; :e ta>e! to the Court of Appeals *ithi! the
period a!d i! the a!!er herei! provided8 *hether the appeal i!volves ,uestio!s of fact8 of la*8 or
i<ed ,uestio!s of fact a!d la*6 #!&
Appeals fro ,uasi-(udicial a'e!cies8 eve! o! purel; ,uestio!s of la*8 are to the CA6 G!li>e appeals
fro RTCs o! pure ,uestio!s of la* *hich should :e to the SC6
Sec6 $6 Period of appeal6 = The appeal shall :e ta>e! *ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro !otice of the a*ard8
(ud'e!t8 fi!al order or resolutio!8 or fro the date of its last pu:licatio!8 if pu:licatio! is re,uired :;
la* for its effectivit;8 or of the de!ial of petitio!erFs otio! for !e* trial or reco!sideratio! dul; filed
i! accorda!ce *ith the 'over!i!' la* of the court or a'e!c; a ,uo6 2!l; o!e #)& otio! for
reco!sideratio! shall :e allo*ed6 Gpo! proper otio! a!d the pa;e!t of the full aou!t of the doc>et
fee :efore the e<piratio! of the re'lee!tar; period8 the Court of Appeals a; 'ra!t a! additio!al
period of fiftee! #)/& da;s o!l; *ithi! *hich to file the petitio! for revie*6 3o further e<te!sio! shall
:e 'ra!ted e<cept for the ost copelli!' reaso! a!d i! !o case to e<ceed fiftee! #)/& da;s6 #!&
Sec6 /6 7o* appeal ta>e!6 = Appeal shall :e ta>e! :; fili!' a verified petitio! for revie* i! seve! #7&
le'i:le copies *ith the Court of Appeals8 *ith proof of service of a cop; thereof o! the adverse part;
a!d o! the court or a'e!c; a ,uo6 The ori'i!al cop; of the petitio! i!te!ded for the Court of Appeals
shall :e i!dicated as such :; the petitio!er6
Gpo! the fili!' of the petitio!8 the petitio!er shall pa; to the cler> of court of the Court of Appeals the
doc>eti!' a!d other la*ful fees a!d deposit the su of P/%%6%% for costs6 E<eptio! fro pa;e!t of
doc>eti!' a!d other la*ful fees a!d the deposit for costs a; :e 'ra!ted :; the Court of Appeals upo!
a verified otio! setti!' forth valid 'rou!ds therefor6 If the Court of Appeals de!ies the otio!8 the
petitio!er shall pa; the doc>eti!' a!d other la*ful fees a!d deposit for costs *ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s
fro !otice of the de!ial6 #!&
Sec6 ?6 Co!te!ts of the petitio!6 = The petitio! for revie* shall #a& state the full !aes of the parties to
the case8 *ithout ipleadi!' the court or a'e!cies either as petitio!ers or respo!de!tsD #:& co!tai! a
co!cise statee!t of the facts a!d issues i!volved a!d the 'rou!ds relied upo! for the revie*D #c& :e
accopa!ied :; a clearl; le'i:le duplicate ori'i!al or a certified true cop; of the a*ard8 (ud'e!t8
fi!al order or resolutio! appealed fro8 to'ether *ith certified true copies of such aterial portio!s of
the record referred to therei! a!d other supporti!' papersD a!d #d& co!tai! a s*or! certificatio! a'ai!st
foru shoppi!' as provided i! the last para'raph of sectio! +8 Rule $+6 The petitio! shall state the
specific aterial dates sho*i!' that it *as filed *ithi! the period fi<ed herei!6 #+a&
Petitio!s for revie*8 *hether fro ,uasi-(udicial a'e!cies or fro the RTC2rdi!ar; appealsPetitio!er
has fresh )/ da;s fro !otice of de!ial of M3T or MfR to petitio! for revie*Petitio!er has o!l; the
reai!der of the ori'i!al )/ da;s fro !otice of de!ial of M3T or MfR to appealPeriod a; :e
e<te!ded3o!-e<te!di:leRe,uires certificate of !o!-foru shoppi!'Does !ot re,uire certificate of !o!-
foru shoppi!'CA a; disiss otu propioCA has to e!tertai! the appeal
Sec6 76 Effect of failure to copl; *ith re,uiree!ts6 = The failure of the petitio!er to copl; *ith
a!; of the fore'oi!' re,uiree!ts re'ardi!' the pa;e!t of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees8 the
deposit for costs8 proof of service of the petitio!8 a!d the co!te!ts of a!d the docue!ts *hich should
accopa!; the petitio! shall :e sufficie!t 'rou!d for the disissal thereof6 #!&
Sec6 H6 Actio! o! the petitio!6 = The Court of Appeals a; re,uire the respo!de!t to file a coe!t
o! the petitio!8 !ot a otio! to disiss8 *ithi! te! #)%& da;s fro !otice8 or disiss the petitio! if it
fi!ds the sae to :e pate!tl; *ithout erit8 prosecuted a!ifestl; for dela;8 or that the ,uestio!s raised
therei! are too u!su:sta!tial to re,uire co!sideratio!6 #?a&
The 'rou!ds for the CA to disiss a petitio! for revie* of ,uasi-(udicial a'e!c; decisio! is the sae as
that i! petitio! for revie* of RTC decisio!6
Sec6 E6 Co!te!ts of coe!t6 = The coe!t shall :e filed *ithi! te! #)%& da;s fro !otice i! seve!
#7& le'i:le copies a!d accopa!ied :; clearl; le'i:le certified true copies of such aterial portio!s of
the record referred to therei! to'ether *ith other supporti!' papers6 The coe!t shall #a& poi!t out
i!sufficie!cies or i!accuracies i! petitio!erFs statee!t of facts a!d issuesD a!d #:& state the reaso!s
*h; the petitio! should :e de!ied or disissed6 A cop; thereof shall :e served o! the petitio!er8 a!d
proof of such service shall :e filed *ith the Court of Appeals6 #Ea&
Sec6 )%6 Due course6 = If upo! the fili!' of the coe!t or such other pleadi!'s or docue!ts as a;
:e re,uired or allo*ed :; the Court of Appeals or upo! the e<piratio! of the period for the fili!'
thereof8 a!d o! the :asis of the petitio! or the records the Court of Appeals fi!ds pria facie that the
court or a'e!c; co!cer!ed has coitted errors of fact or la* that *ould *arra!t reversal or
odificatio! of the a*ard8 (ud'e!t8 fi!al order or resolutio! sou'ht to :e revie*ed8 it a; 'ive due
course to the petitio!D other*ise8 it shall disiss the sae6 The fi!di!'s of fact of the court or a'e!c;
co!cer!ed8 *he! supported :; su:sta!tial evide!ce8 shall :e :i!di!' o! the Court of Appeals6 #!&
Sec6 ))6 Tra!sittal of record6 = Withi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro !otice that the petitio! has :ee! 'ive!
due course8 the Court of Appeals a; re,uire the court or a'e!c; co!cer!ed to tra!sit the ori'i!al or
a le'i:le certified true cop; of the e!tire record of the proceedi!' u!der revie*6 The record to :e
tra!sitted a; :e a:rid'ed :; a'reee!t of all parties to the proceedi!'6 The Court of Appeals a;
re,uire or perit su:se,ue!t correctio! of or additio! to the record6 #Ha&
Sec6 )+6 Effect of appeal6 = The appeal shall !ot sta; the a*ard8 (ud'e!t8 fi!al order or resolutio!
sou'ht to :e revie*ed u!less the Court of Appeals shall direct other*ise upo! such ters as it a;
dee (ust6 #)%a&
3ote that i! petitio!s for revie* fro the RTC a!d ordi!ar; appeals8 appeal sta;s e<ecutio!6 I!
petitio!s for revie* fro ,uasi-(udicial a'e!cies8 appeal 'e!erall; does 32T sta; e<ecutio!6
Sec6 ).6 Su:issio! for decisio!6 = If the petitio! is 'ive! due course8 the Court of Appeals a; set
the case for oral ar'ue!t or re,uire the parties to su:it eora!da *ithi! a period of fiftee! #)/&
da;s fro !otice6 The case shall :e deeed su:itted for decisio! upo! the fili!' of the last pleadi!'
or eora!du re,uired :; these Rules or :; the Court of Appeals6 #!&
Procedure i! the Court of Appeals #Rule $$-//&
2rdi!ar; Appealed Cases
Rule $$
Sectio! )6 Title of cases6 = I! all cases appealed to the Court of Appeals u!der Rule $)8 the title of the
case shall reai! as it *as i! the court of ori'i!8 :ut the part; appeali!' the case shall :e further
referred to as the appella!t a!d the adverse part; as the appellee6 #)a8 R$?&
Sec6 +6 Cou!sel a!d 'uardia!s6 = The cou!sel a!d 'uardia!s ad lite of the parties i! the court of
ori'i! shall :e respectivel; co!sidered as their cou!sel a!d 'uardia!s ad lite i! the Court of Appeals6
Whe! others appear or are appoi!ted8 !otice thereof shall :e served iediatel; o! the adverse part;
a!d filed *ith the court6 #+a8 R$?&
Sec6 .6 2rder of tra!sittal of record6 = If the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal is !ot tra!sitted
to the Court of Appeals *ithi! thirt; #.%& da;s after the perfectio! of the appeal8 either part; a; file a
otio! *ith the trial court8 *ith !otice to the other8 for the tra!sittal of such record or record o!
appeal6 #.a8 R$?&
Sec6 $6 Doc>eti!' of case6 = Gpo! receivi!' the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal a!d the
accopa!;i!' docue!ts a!d e<hi:its tra!sitted :; the lo*er court8 as *ell as the proof of pa;e!t
of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees8 the cler> of court of the Court of Appeals shall doc>et the case a!d
!otif; the parties thereof6 #$a8 R$?&
Withi! te! #)%& da;s fro receipt of said !otice8 the appella!t8 i! appeals :; record o! appeal8 shall file
*ith the cler> of court seve! #7& clearl; le'i:le copies of the approved record o! appeal8 to'ether *ith
the proof of service of t*o #+& copies thereof upo! the appellee6
A!; u!authoriMed alteratio!8 oissio! or additio! i! the approved record o! appeal shall :e a 'rou!d
for disissal of the appeal6 #!&
Sec6 /6 Copletio! of record6 = Where the record of the doc>eted case is i!coplete8 the cler> of
court of the Court of Appeals shall so i!for said court a!d recoe!d to it easures !ecessar; to
coplete the record6 It shall :e the dut; of said court to ta>e appropriate actio! to*ards the copletio!
of the record *ithi! the shortest possi:le tie6 #!&
Sec6 ?6 Dispe!si!' *ith coplete record6 = Where the copletio! of the record could !ot :e
accoplished *ithi! a sufficie!t period allotted for said purpose due to i!supera:le or e<treel;
difficult causes8 the court8 o! its o*! otio! or o! otio! of a!; of the parties8 a; declare that the
record a!d its accopa!;i!' tra!scripts a!d e<hi:its so far availa:le are sufficie!t to decide the issues
raised i! the appeal8 a!d shall issue a! order e<plai!i!' the reaso!s for such declaratio!6 #!&
Sec6 76 Appella!tFs :rief6 = It shall :e the dut; of the appella!t to file *ith the court8 *ithi! fort;-five
#$/& da;s fro receipt of the !otice of the cler> that all the evide!ce8 oral a!d docue!tar; are attached
to the record8 seve! #7& copies of his le'i:l; t;pe*ritte!8 ieo'raphed or pri!ted :rief8 *ith proof of
service of t*o #+& copies thereof upo! the appellee6 #)%a8 R$?&
Sec6 H6 AppelleeFs :rief6 = Withi! fort;-five #$/& da;s fro receipt of the appella!tFs :rief8 the
appellee shall file *ith the court seve! #7& copies of his le'i:l; t;pe*ritte!8 ieo'raphed or pri!ted
:rief8 *ith proof of service of t*o #+& copies thereof upo! the appella!t6 #))a8 R$?&
Sec6 E6 Appella!tFs repl; :rief6 = Withi! t*e!t; #+%& da;s fro receipt of the appelleeFs :rief8 the
appella!t a; file a repl; :rief a!s*eri!' poi!ts i! the appelleeFs :rief !ot covered i! his ai! :rief6
#)+8 R$?&
Sec6 )%6 Tie for fili!' eora!da i! special cases6 = I! certiorari8 prohi:itio!8 a!daus8 ,uo
*arra!to a!d ha:eas corpus cases8 the parties shall file8 i! lieu of :riefs8 their respective eora!da
*ithi! a !o!-e<te!di:le period of thirt; #.%& da;s fro receipt of the !otice issued :; the cler> that all
the evide!ce8 oral a!d docue!tar;8 is alread; attached to the record6 #).a8 R$?&
The failure of the appella!t to file his eora!du *ithi! the period therefor a; :e a 'rou!d for
disissal of the appeal6 #!&
Sec6 ))6 Several appella!ts or appellees or several cou!sel for each part;6 = Where there are several
appella!ts or appellees8 each cou!sel represe!ti!' o!e or ore :ut !ot all of the shall :e served *ith
o!l; o!e cop; of the :riefs6 Whe! several cou!sel represe!t o!e appella!t or appellee8 copies of the
:rief a; :e served upo! a!; of the6 #)$a8 R$?&
Sec6 )+6 E<te!sio! of tie for fili!' :riefs6 = E<te!sio! of tie for the fili!' of :riefs *ill !ot :e
allo*ed8 e<cept for 'ood a!d sufficie!t cause8 a!d o!l; if the otio! for e<te!sio! is filed :efore the
e<piratio! of the tie sou'ht to :e e<te!ded6 #)/8 R$?&
Sec6 ).6 Co!te!ts of appella!tFs :rief6 = The appella!tFs :rief shall co!tai!8 i! the order herei!
i!dicated8 the follo*i!'9
#a& A su:(ect i!de< of the atter i! the :rief *ith a di'est of the ar'ue!ts a!d pa'e refere!ces8 a!d a
ta:le of cases alpha:eticall; arra!'ed8 te<t:oo>s a!d statutes cited *ith refere!ces to the pa'es *here
the; are citedD
#:& A! assi'!e!t of errors i!te!ded to :e ur'ed8 *hich errors shall :e separatel;8 disti!ctl; a!d
co!cisel; stated *ithout repetitio! a!d !u:ered co!secutivel;D
#c& G!der the headi!' OStatee!t of the Case8O a clear a!d co!cise statee!t of the !ature of the actio!8
a suar; of the proceedi!'s8 the appealed ruli!'s a!d orders of the court8 the !ature of the (ud'e!t
a!d a!; other atters !ecessar; to a! u!dersta!di!' of the !ature of the co!trovers;8 *ith pa'e
refere!ces to the recordD
#d& G!der the headi!' OStatee!t of 1acts8O a clear a!d co!cise statee!t i! a !arrative for of the
facts aditted :; :oth parties a!d of those i! co!trovers;8 to'ether *ith the su:sta!ce of the proof
relati!' thereto i! sufficie!t detail to a>e it clearl; i!telli'i:le8 *ith pa'e refere!ces to the recordD
#e& A clear a!d co!cise statee!t of the issues of fact or la* to :e su:itted to the court for its
(ud'e!tD
#f& G!der the headi!' OAr'ue!t8O the appella!tFs ar'ue!ts o! each assi'!e!t of error *ith pa'e
refere!ces to the record6 The authorities relied upo! shall :e cited :; the pa'e of the report at *hich the
case :e'i!s a!d the pa'e of the report o! *hich the citatio! is fou!dD
#'& G!der the headi!' ORelief8O a specificatio! of the order or (ud'e!t *hich the appella!t see>sD a!d
#h& I! cases !ot :rou'ht up :; record o! appeal8 the appella!tFs :rief shall co!tai!8 as a! appe!di<8 a
cop; of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro6 #)?a8 R$?&
Sec6 )$6 Co!te!ts of appelleeFs :rief6 = The appelleeFs :rief shall co!tai!8 i! the order herei! i!dicated8
the follo*i!'9
#a& A su:(ect i!de< of the atter i! the :rief *ith a di'est of the ar'ue!ts a!d pa'e refere!ces8 a!d a
ta:le of cases alpha:eticall; arra!'ed8 te<t:oo>s a!d statutes cited *ith refere!ces to the pa'es *here
the; are citedD
#:& G!der the headi!' OStatee!t of 1acts8O the appellee shall state that he accepts the statee!t of
facts i! the appella!tFs :rief8 or u!der the headi!' OCou!ter-Statee!t of 1acts8O he shall poi!t out such
i!sufficie!cies or i!accuracies as he :elieves e<ist i! the appella!tFs statee!t of facts *ith refere!ces
to the pa'es of the record i! support thereof8 :ut *ithout repetitio! of atters i! the appella!tFs
statee!t of factsD a!d
#c& G!der the headi!' OAr'ue!t8O the appellee shall set forth his ar'ue!ts i! the case o! each
assi'!e!t of error *ith pa'e refere!ces to the record6 The authorities relied o! shall :e cited :; the
pa'e of the report at *hich the case :e'i!s a!d the pa'e of the report o! *hich the citatio! is fou!d6
#)7a8 R$?&
Sec6 )/6 Nuestio!s that a; :e raised o! appeal6 = Whether or !ot the appella!t has filed a otio! for
!e* trial i! the court :elo*8 he a; i!clude i! his assi'!e!t of errors a!; ,uestio! of la* or fact that
has :ee! raised i! the court :elo* a!d *hich is *ithi! the issues fraed :; the parties6 #)H8 R$?&
Cases
@ucad v6 CA8 +)? SCRA $+. #)EE+& A! appeal a; :e disissed :; the CA o! its o*! otio! or o!
that of the appellees o! the 'rou!d of *a!t of specific assi'!e!t of errors i! the appella!tLs :rief8 or of
pa'e refere!ces to the record6 This re,uiree!t is deeed coplied *ith *here the assi'!e!t of
errors are e:odied i! the ar'ue!ts8 a!d the clear discussio! of the poi!ts i! issue have accoplished
the tas> of i!fori!' the Court *hich part of the appealed decisio! is sou'ht to :e revie*ed6
Lia!'a Lu:er v6 Lia!'a Ti:er8 7? SCRA )E7 #)E77& A part; a; !ot cha!'e o! appeal his theor;
tried a!d decided upo! :; the lo*er court6
@acla;o! v6 CA8 )H+ SCRA 7?) #)EE%& 2!ce a decsio! has :ecoe fi!al a!d e<ecutor;8 the o!l;
(urisdictio! left *ith the trial court is to order its e<ecutio!6 It ca! !ot :e re,uired to co!duct a heari!'
supplee!tar; to e<ecutio! #e6'6 receive evide!ce of the aou!t of rei:ursee!t that the defe!da!t is
e!titled as a :uilder i! 'ood faith&6
del Rosario v6 CA8 +$) SCRA /)E #)EE/& The po*er of the CA to receive evide!ce is liited to cases
falli!' *ithi! its appellate (urisdictio! *here a M3T :ased o! the 'rou!d of !e*l; discovered
evide!ce is 'ra!ted :; it6 It ca! !ot co!duct a trial de !ovo6 #cf )EE7 Rules o! Civil Procedure&
Appeal :; Certiorari to the Supree Court
Rule $/
Sectio! )6 1ili!' of petitio! *ith Supree Court6 = A part; desiri!' to appeal :; certiorari fro a
(ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio! of the Court of Appeals8 the Sa!di'a!:a;a!8 the Re'io!al Trial
Court or other courts *he!ever authoriMed :; la*8 a; file *ith the Supree Court a verified petitio!
for revie* o! certiorari6 The petitio! shall raise o!l; ,uestio!s of la* *hich ust :e disti!ctl; set
forth6 #)a8 +a&
Sec6 +6 Tie for fili!'D e<te!sio!6 = The petitio! shall :e filed *ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro !otice of
the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio! appealed fro8 or of the de!ial of the petitio!erFs otio! for
!e* trial or reco!sideratio! filed i! due tie after !otice of the (ud'e!t6 2! otio! dul; filed a!d
served8 *ith full pa;e!t of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees a!d the deposit for costs :efore the
e<piratio! of the re'lee!tar; period8 the Supree Court a; for (ustifia:le reaso!s 'ra!t a! e<te!sio!
of thirt; #.%& da;s o!l; *ithi! *hich to file the petitio!6 #)a8 /a&
Petitio! for revie* o! certiorari to the SC should :e filed *ithi! )/ da;s fro !otice of (ud'e!t or
de!ial of M3T or MfR8 li>e petitio!s for revie* to the CA6 It a; :e e<te!ded for .% da;s8 u!li>e
petitio!s for revie* to the CA *hich a; :e e<te!ded for )/ da;s at a tie6 2rdi!ar; appeals should :e
filed *ithi! a !o!-e<te!di:le )/ da;s fro !otice of (ud'e!t6 M3T or MfR o!l; tolls the prescriptive
period6
Sec6 .6 Doc>et a!d other la*ful feesD proof of service of petitio!6 = G!less he has theretofore do!e so8
the petitio!er shall pa; the correspo!di!' doc>et a!d other la*ful fees to the cler> of court of the
Supree Court a!d deposit the aou!t of P/%%6%% for costs at the tie of the fili!' of the petitio!6
Proof of service of a cop; thereof o! the lo*er court co!cer!ed a!d o! the adverse part; shall :e
su:itted to'ether *ith the petitio!6 #)a&
Sec6 $6 Co!te!ts of petitio!6 = The petitio! shall :e filed i! ei'htee! #)H& copies8 *ith the ori'i!al
cop; i!te!ded for the court :ei!' i!dicated as such :; the petitio!er8 a!d shall #a& state the full !ae of
the appeali!' part; as the petitio!er a!d the adverse part; as respo!de!t8 *ithout ipleadi!' the lo*er
courts or (ud'es thereof either as petitio!ers or respo!de!tsD #:& i!dicate the aterial dates sho*i!'
*he! !otice of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio! su:(ect thereof *as received8 *he! a otio!
for !e* trial or reco!sideratio!8 if a!;8 *as filed a!d *he! !otice of the de!ial thereof *as receivedD #c&
set forth co!cisel; a statee!t of the atters i!volved8 a!d the reaso!s or ar'ue!ts relied o! for the
allo*a!ce of the petitio!D #d& :e accopa!ied :; a clearl; le'i:le duplicate ori'i!al8 or a certified true
cop; of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio! certified :; the cler> of court of the court a ,uo a!d
the re,uisite !u:er of plai! copies thereof8 a!d such aterial portio!s of the record as *ould support
the petitio!D a!d #e& co!tai! a s*or! certificatio! a'ai!st foru shoppi!' as provided i! the last
para'raph of sectio! +8 Rule $+6 #+a&
Petitio!s for revie* o! certiorari to the SC8 li>e petitio!s for revie* to the CA8 ust :e *ith
certificatio! of !o!-foru shoppi!'6 2rdi!ar; appeals !eed !ot have such certificatio!6
Sec6 /6 Disissal or de!ial of petitio!6 = The failure of the petitio!er to copl; *ith a!; of the
fore'oi!' re,uiree!ts re'ardi!' the pa;e!t of the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees8 deposit for costs8
proof of service of the petitio!8 a!d the co!te!ts of a!d the docue!ts *hich should accopa!; the
petitio! shall :e sufficie!t 'rou!d for the disissal thereof6
The Supree Court a; o! its o*! i!itiative de!; the petitio! o! the 'rou!d that the appeal is *ithout
erit8 or is prosecuted a!ifestl; for dela;8 or that the ,uestio!s raised therei! are too u!su:sta!tial to
re,uire co!sideratio!6 #.a&
The 'rou!ds for the SC to disiss a petitio! for revie* o! certiorari is the sae as the CAFs 'rou!ds to
disiss a petitio! for revie*6
Sec6 ?6 Revie* discretio!ar;6 = A revie* is !ot a atter of ri'ht8 :ut of sou!d (udicial discretio!8 a!d
*ill :e 'ra!ted o!l; *he! there are special a!d iporta!t reaso!s therefor6 The follo*i!'8 *hile !either
co!trolli!' !or full; easuri!' the courtFs discretio!8 i!dicate the character of the reaso!s *hich *ill
:e co!sidered9
#a& Whe! the court a ,uo has decided a ,uestio! of su:sta!ce8 !ot theretofore deteri!ed :; the
Supree Court8 or has decided it i! a *a; pro:a:l; !ot i! accord *ith la* or *ith the applica:le
decisio!s of the Supree CourtD or
#:& Whe! the court a ,uo has so far departed fro the accepted a!d usual course of (udicial
proceedi!'s8 or so far sa!ctio!ed such departure :; a lo*er court8 as to call for a! e<ercise of the
po*er of supervisio!6 #$a&
Sec6 76 Pleadi!'s a!d docue!ts that a; :e re,uiredD sa!ctio!s6 = 1or purposes of deteri!i!'
*hether the petitio! should :e disissed or de!ied pursua!t to sectio! / of this Rule8 or *here the
petitio! is 'ive! due course u!der sectio! H hereof8 the Supree Court a; re,uire or allo* the fili!'
of such pleadi!'s8 :riefs8 eora!da or docue!ts as it a; dee !ecessar; *ithi! such periods a!d
u!der such co!ditio!s as it a; co!sider appropriate8 a!d ipose the correspo!di!' sa!ctio!s i! case
of !o!-fili!' or u!authoriMed fili!' of such pleadi!'s a!d docue!ts or !o!-coplia!ce *ith the
co!ditio!s therefor6 #!&
Sec6 H6 Due courseD elevatio! of records6 = If the petitio! is 'ive! due course8 the Supree Court a;
re,uire the elevatio! of the coplete record of the case or specified parts thereof *ithi! fiftee! #)/&
da;s fro !otice6 #+a&
Sec6 E6 Rule applica:le to :oth civil a!d crii!al cases6 = The ode of appeal prescri:ed i! this Rule
shall :e applica:le to :oth civil a!d crii!al cases8 e<cept i! crii!al cases *here the pe!alt; iposed
is death8 reclusio! perpetua or life ipriso!e!t6 #!&
Cases
Murillo v6 Co!sul8 )H. SCRA <i #)EE%& E<cept i! crii!al cases *here the pe!alt; iposed is life
ipriso!e!t or reclusio! perpetua8 (ud'e!ts of RTC a; :e appealed to the SC o!l; :; petitio! for
revie* o! certiorari u!der Rule $/6 Appeals to the CA fro RTCs are perfected i! + *a;s9 )& ordi!ar;
appeal8 a!d +& petitio! for revie*6 A! appeal erro!eous as to ode or foru shall !ot :e tra!sferred8
:ut shall :e disissed6 3otice of appeal fro RTC decisio!s o! pure ,uestio!s of la* ca! !ot :e
e!tertai!ed :e either CA or SC a!d should :e disissed6 The reed; is the file a petitio! for revie* o!
certiorari *ith the SC8 or file a !otice of appeal o! ,uestio!s of :oth la* a!d fact8 to :e decided :; the
CA6
de Leo!9 Modes of appeal fro a decisio! of the CA o!
ordi!ar; appeal " petitio! for revie* o! certiorari to the SC
petitio! for revie* " sae
Pho v6 Caacho8 +%$ SCRA )/) #)EE)& The ,uestio! of *heter a! appeal i!volves o!l; ,uestio!s of
la* or :oth ,uestio!s of fact a!d la* should :e left for the deteri!atio! of a! appellate court a!d !ot
:; the court a ,uo6
de Leo!9 Therefore if a! appella!t files a !otice of appeal to the RTC o! pure ,uestio! of la*8 the RTC
should approve it8 the! the CA should disiss the appeal6
2ri'i!al Cases
Rule $?
Sectio! )6 Title of cases6 = I! all cases ori'i!all; filed i! the Court of Appeals8 the part; i!stituti!' the
actio! shall :e called the petitio!er a!d the opposi!' part; the respo!de!t6 #)a&
Sec6 +6 To *hat actio!s applica:le6 = This Rule shall appl; to ori'i!al actio!s for certiorari8
prohi:itio!8 a!daus a!d ,uo *arra!to6
E<cept as other*ise provided8 the actio!s for a!!ule!t of (ud'e!t shall :e 'over!ed :; Rule $78 for
certiorari8 prohi:itio! a!d a!daus :; Rule ?/8 a!d for ,uo *arra!to :; Rule ??6 #!&
Sec6 .6 Co!te!ts a!d fili!' of petitio!D effect of !o!-coplia!ce *ith re,uiree!ts6- The petitio! shall
co!tai! the full !aes a!d actual addresses of all the petitio!ers a!d respo!de!ts8 a co!cise statee!t
of the atters i!volved8 the factual :ac>'rou!d of the case8 a!d the 'rou!ds relied upo! for the relief
pra;ed for6
I! actio!s filed u!der Rule ?/8 the petitio! shall further i!dicate the aterial dates sho*i!' *he! !otice
of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio! su:(ect thereof *as received8 *he! a otio! for !e* trial or
reco!sideratio!8 if a!;8 *as filed a!d *he! !otice of the de!ial thereof *as received6
It shall :e filed i! seve! #7& clearl; le'i:le copies to'ether *ith proof of service thereof o! the
respo!de!t *ith the ori'i!al cop; i!te!ded for the court i!dicated as such :; the petitio!er8 a!d shall :e
accopa!ied :; a clearl; le'i:le duplicate ori'i!al or certified true cop; of the (ud'e!t8 order8
resolutio!8 or ruli!' su:(ect thereof8 such aterial portio!s of the record as are referred to therei!8 a!d
other docue!ts releva!t or perti!e!t thereto6 The certificatio! shall :e accoplished :; the proper
cler> of court or :; his dul; authoriMed represe!tative8 or :; the proper officer of the court8 tri:u!al8
a'e!c; or office i!volved or :; his dul; authoriMed represe!tative6 The other re,uisite !u:er of
copies of the petitio! shall :e accopa!ied :; clearl; le'i:le plai! copies of all docue!ts attached to
the ori'i!al6
The petitio!er shall also su:it to'ether *ith the petitio! a s*or! certificatio! that he has !ot
theretofore coe!ced a!; other actio! i!volvi!' the sae issues i! the Supree Court8 the Court of
Appeals or differe!t divisio!s thereof8 or a!; other tri:u!al or a'e!c;D if there is such other actio! or
proceedi!'8 he ust state the status of the saeD a!d if he should thereafter lear! that a siilar actio! or
proceedi!' has :ee! filed or is pe!di!' :efore the Supree Court8 the Court of Appeals8 or differe!t
divisio!s thereof8 or a!; other tri:u!al or a'e!c;8 he u!derta>es to proptl; i!for the aforesaid courts
a!d other tri:u!al or a'e!c; thereof *ithi! five #/& da;s therefro6
The petitio!er shall pa; the correspo!di!' doc>et a!d other la*ful fees to the cler> of court a!d deposit
the aou!t of P/%%6%% for costs at the tie of the fili!' of the petitio!6
The failure of the petitio!er to copl; *ith a!; of the fore'oi!' re,uiree!ts shall :e sufficie!t
'rou!d for the disissal of the petitio!6#!&
2ri'i!al actio!s :efore te CA should have a certificatio! a'ai!st foru-shoppi!'8 li>e petitio!s for
revie* to the CA a!d petitio!s for revie* o! certiorari to the SC6
Sec6 $6 0urisdictio! over perso! of respo!de!t8 ho* ac,uired6 = The court shall ac,uire (urisdictio!
over the perso! of the respo!de!t :; the service o! hi of its order or resolutio! i!dicati!' its i!itial
actio! o! the petitio! or :; his volu!tar; su:issio! to such (urisdictio!6 #!&
Sec6 /6 Actio! :; the court6 = The court a; disiss the petitio! outri'ht *ith specific reaso!s for
such disissal or re,uire the respo!de!t to file a coe!t o! the sae *ithi! te! #)%& da;s fro
!otice6 2!l; pleadi!'s re,uired :; the court shall :e allo*ed6 All other pleadi!'s a!d papers a; :e
filed o!l; *ith leave of court6 #!&
Sec6 ?6 Deteri!atio! of factual issues6 = Whe!ever !ecessar; to resolve factual issues8 the court itself
a; co!duct heari!'s thereo! or dele'ate the receptio! of the evide!ce o! such issues to a!; of its
e:ers or to a! appropriate court8 a'e!c; or office6 #!&
Sec6 76 Effect of failure to file coe!t6 = Whe! !o coe!t is filed :; a!; of the respo!de!ts8 the
case a; :e decided o! the :asis of the record8 *ithout pre(udice to a!; discipli!ar; actio! *hich the
court a; ta>e a'ai!st the diso:edie!t part;6 #!&
Cases
Vital-JoMo! v6 CA8 +)+ SCRA +./ #)EE+& I! ori'i!al actio!s for a!daus filed :efore the CA8 the
CA is authoriMed to a*ard daa'es6
A!!ule!t of 0ud'e!ts or 1i!al 2rders a!d Resolutio!s #Rule $7&
Sectio! )6 Covera'e6 = This Rule shall 'over! the a!!ule!t :; the Court of Appeals of (ud'e!ts or
fi!al orders a!d resolutio!s i! civil actio!s of Re'io!al Trial Courts for *hich the ordi!ar; reedies of
!e* trial8 appeal8 petitio! for relief or other appropriate reedies are !o lo!'er availa:le throu'h !o
fault of the petitio!er6 #!&
Sec6 +6 Jrou!ds for a!!ule!t6 = The a!!ule!t a; :e :ased o!l; o! the 'rou!ds of e<tri!sic fraud
a!d lac> of (urisdictio!6
E<tri!sic fraud shall !ot :e a valid 'rou!d if it *as availed of8 or could have :ee! availed of8 i! a
otio! for !e* trial or petitio! for relief6 #!&
Sec6 .6 Period for fili!' actio!6 = If :ased o! e<tri!sic fraud8 the actio! ust :e filed *ithi! four #$&
;ears fro its discover;D a!d if :ased o! lac> of (urisdictio!8 :efore it is :arred :; laches or estoppel6
#!&
Sec6 $6 1ili!' a!d co!te!ts of petitio!6 = The actio! shall :e coe!ced :; fili!' a verified petitio!
alle'i!' therei! *ith particularit; the facts a!d the la* relied upo! for a!!ule!t8 as *ell as those
supporti!' the petitio!erFs 'ood a!d su:sta!tial cause of actio! or defe!se8 as the case a; :e6
The petitio! shall :e filed i! seve! #7& clearl; le'i:le copies8 to'ether *ith sufficie!t copies
correspo!di!' to the !u:er of respo!de!ts6 A certified true cop; of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or
resolutio! shall :e attached to the ori'i!al cop; of the petitio! i!te!ded for the court a!d i!dicated as
such :; the petitio!er6
The petitio!er shall also su:it to'ether *ith the petitio! affidavits of *it!esses or docue!ts
supporti!' the cause of actio! or defe!se a!d a s*or! certificatio! that he has !ot theretofore
coe!ced a!; other actio! i!volvi!' the sae issues i! the Supree Court8 the Court of Appeals or
differe!t divisio!s thereof8 or a!; other tri:u!al or a'e!c;D if there is such other actio! or proceedi!'8
he ust state the status of the sae8 a!d if he should thereafter lear! that a siilar actio! or proceedi!'
has :ee! filed or is pe!di!' :efore the Supree Court8 the Court of Appeals8 or differe!t divisio!s
thereof8 or a!; other tri:u!al or a'e!c;8 he u!derta>es to proptl; i!for the aforesaid courts a!d
other tri:u!al or a'e!c; thereof *ithi! five #/& da;s therefro6 #!&
Re,uisites for a!!ule!t :; the CA of civil (ud'e!ts of the RTC
reedies of !e* trial8 appeal8 petitio! for relief or other appropriate reedies are !o lo!'er availa:le
throu'h !o fault of the petitio!er6
either
e<tri!sic fraud or
lac> of (urisdictio!6
filed *ithi!
$ ;ears fro discover; " if :ased o! e<tri!sic fraud
:efore :arred :; laches or estoppel " if :ased o! lac> of (urisdictio!
petitio! should alle'e8 a!d :e accopa!ied :; supporti!' evide!ce of 8 the petitio!erFs 'ood a!d
su:sta!tial cause of actio! or defe!se6
Certificatio! a'ai!st foru shoppi!'
E<tri!sic fraud shall !ot :e a valid 'rou!d if it *as availed of8 or could have :ee! availed of8 i! a M3T
or petitio! for relief6
Sec6 /6 Actio! :; the court6 = Should the court fi!d !o su:sta!tial erit i! the petitio!8 the sae a;
:e disissed outri'ht *ith specific reaso!s for such disissal6
Should pria facie erit :e fou!d i! the petitio!8 the sae shall :e 'ive! due course a!d suo!s
shall :e served o! the respo!de!t6 #!&
The CA ca! otu priopio disiss a petitio! for a!!ule!t of a! RTC decisio!6
This does !ot appl; i! case of a!!ule!t of MTC (ud'e!t filed :efore the RTC6
Sec6 ?6 Procedure6 = The procedure i! ordi!ar; civil cases shall :e o:served6 Should a trial :e
!ecessar;8 the receptio! of the evide!ce a; :e referred to a e:er of the court or a (ud'e of a
Re'io!al Trial Court6 #!&
This does !ot appl; i! case of a!!ule!t of MTC (ud'e!t filed :efore the RTC6
Sec6 76 Effect of (ud'e!t6 = A (ud'e!t of a!!ule!t shall set aside the ,uestio!ed (ud'e!t or fi!al
order or resolutio! a!d re!der the sae !ull a!d void8 *ithout pre(udice to the ori'i!al actio! :ei!'
refiled i! the proper court6 7o*ever8 *here the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio! is set aside o! the
'rou!d of e<tri!sic fraud8 the court a; o! otio! order the trial court to tr; the case as if a tiel;
otio! for !e* trial had :ee! 'ra!ted therei!6 #!&
If petitio! is 'ra!ted o! the 'rou!d of
lac> of (urisdictio!
(ud'e!t is a!!ulled
plai!tiff a; refile i! the proper court
e<tri!sic fraud " (ud'e!t is a!!ulled8 *ithout pre(udice to the ori'i!al actio! :ei!' refiled i! the
proper courtD the court a; o! otio! order the trial court to tr; the case as if a tiel; otio! for !e*
trial had :ee! 'ra!ted therei!
Sec6 H6 Suspe!sio! of prescriptive period6 = The prescriptive period for the refili!' of the aforesaid
ori'i!al actio! shall :e deeed suspe!ded fro the fili!' of such ori'i!al actio! u!til the fi!alit; of the
(ud'e!t of a!!ule!t6 7o*ever8 the prescriptive period shall !ot :e suspe!ded *here the e<tri!sic
fraud is attri:uta:le to the plai!tiff i! the ori'i!al actio!6 #!&
JR9 The prescriptive period for the refili!' shall :e deeed suspe!ded fro the fili!' of such ori'i!al
actio! u!til the fi!alit; of the (ud'e!t of a!!ule!t6
E<cepio!9 The prescriptive period shall !ot :e suspe!ded *here the e<tri!sic fraud is attri:uta:le to the
plai!tiff i! the ori'i!al actio!6
Sec6 E6 Relief availa:le6 = The (ud'e!t of a!!ule!t a; i!clude the a*ard of daa'es8 attor!e;Fs
fees a!d other relief6
If the ,uestio!ed (ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio! had alread; :ee! e<ecuted8 the court a; issue
such orders of restitutio! or other relief as (ustice a!d e,uit; a; *arra!t u!der the circusta!ces6 #!&
The (ud'e!t of a!!ule!t a; i!clude the a*ard of daa'es8 attor!e;Fs fees a!d other relief6
If the a!!ulled (ud'e!t had alread; :ee! e<ecuted8 the court a; issue such orders of restitutio! or
other relief6
Sec6 )%6 A!!ule!t of (ud'e!ts or fi!al orders of Mu!icipal Trial Courts6 = A! actio! to a!!ul a
(ud'e!t or fi!al order of a Mu!icipal Trial Court shall :e filed i! the Re'io!al Trial Court havi!'
(urisdictio! over the forer6 It shall :e treated as a! ordi!ar; civil actio! a!d sectio!s +8 .8 $8 78 H a!d E
of this Rule shall :e applica:le thereto6 #!&
A! actio! to a!!ul a (ud'e!t or fi!al order of a MTC shall :e filed i! the RTC havi!' (urisdictio!
over the forer6
Prelii!ar; Co!fere!ce #Rule $H&
Sectio! )6 Prelii!ar; co!fere!ce6 = At a!; tie duri!' the pe!de!c; of a case8 the court a; call the
parties a!d their cou!sel to a prelii!ar; co!fere!ce9
#a& To co!sider the possi:ilit; of a! aica:le settlee!t8 e<cept *he! the case is !ot allo*ed :; la* to
:e coproisedD
#:& To defi!e8 siplif; a!d clarif; the issues for deteri!atio!D
#c& To forulate stipulatio!s of facts a!d adissio!s of docue!tar; e<hi:its8 liit the !u:er of
*it!esses to :e prese!ted i! cases falli!' *ithi! the ori'i!al (urisdictio! of the court8 or those *ithi! its
appellate (urisdictio! *here a otio! for !e* trial is 'ra!ted o! the 'rou!d of !e*l; discovered
evide!ceD a!d
#d& To ta>e up such other atters *hich a; aid the court i! the propt dispositio! of the case6 #Rule
78 CA I!ter!al Rules& #!&
Sec6 +6 Record of the co!fere!ce6 = The proceedi!'s at such co!fere!ce shall :e recorded a!d8 upo!
the co!clusio! thereof8 a resolutio! shall :e issued e:od;i!' all the actio!s ta>e! therei!8 the
stipulatio!s a!d adissio!s ade8 a!d the issues defi!ed6 #!&
Sec6 .6 @i!di!' effect of the results of the co!fere!ce6 = Su:(ect to such odificatio!s *hich a; :e
ade to preve!t a!ifest i!(ustice8 the resolutio! i! the precedi!' sectio! shall co!trol the su:se,ue!t
proceedi!'s i! the case u!less8 *ithi! five #/& da;s fro !otice thereof8 a!; part; shall satisfactoril;
sho* valid cause *h; the sae should !ot :e follo*ed6 #!&
2ral Ar'ue!t #Rule $E&
Sectio! )6 Whe! allo*ed6 = At its o*! i!sta!ce or upo! otio! of a part;8 the court a; hear the
parties i! oral ar'ue!t o! the erits of a case8 or o! a!; aterial i!cide!t i! co!!ectio! there*ith6 #!&
The oral ar'ue!t shall :e liited to such atters as the court a; specif; i! its order or resolutio!6
#)a8 R$H&
Sec6 +6 Co!duct of oral ar'ue!t6 = G!less authoriMed :; the court8 o!l; o!e cou!sel a; ar'ue for a
part;6 The duratio! allo*ed for each part;8 the se,ue!ce of the ar'ue!tatio!8 a!d all other related
atters shall :e as directed :; the court6 #!&
Sec6 .6 3o heari!' or oral ar'ue!t for otio!s6 = Motio!s shall !ot :e set for heari!' a!d8 u!less the
court other*ise directs8 !o heari!' or oral ar'ue!t shall :e allo*ed i! support thereof6 The adverse
part; a; file o:(ectio!s to the otio! *ithi! five #/& da;s fro service8 upo! the e<piratio! of *hich
such otio! shall :e deeed su:itted for resolutio!6 #+a8 R$E&
Disissal of Appeal #Rule /%&
Sectio! )6 Jrou!ds for disissal of appeal6 = A! appeal a; :e disissed :; the Court of Appeals8 o!
its o*! otio! or o! that of the appellee8 o! the follo*i!' 'rou!ds9
#a& 1ailure of the record o! appeal to sho* o! its face that the appeal *as ta>e! *ithi! the period fi<ed
:; these RulesD
#:& 1ailure to file the !otice of appeal or the record o! appeal *ithi! the period prescri:ed :; these
RulesD
#c& 1ailure of the appella!t to pa; the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees as provided i! sectio! $ of Rule $)D
#d& G!authoriMed alteratio!s8 oissio!s or additio!s i! the approved record o! appeal as provided i!
sectio! $ of Rule $$D
#e& 1ailure of the appella!t to serve a!d file the re,uired !u:er of copies of his :rief or eora!du
*ithi! the tie provided :; these RulesD
#f& A:se!ce of specific assi'!e!t of errors i! the appella!tFs :rief8 or of pa'e refere!ces to the record
as re,uired i! sectio! ).8 para'raphs #a&8 #c&8 #d& a!d #f& of Rule $$D
#'& 1ailure of the appella!t to ta>e the !ecessar; steps for the correctio! or copletio! of the record
*ithi! the tie liited :; the court i! its orderD
#h& 1ailure of the appella!t to appear at the prelii!ar; co!fere!ce u!der Rule $H or to copl; *ith
orders8 circulars8 or directives of the court *ithout (ustifia:le causeD a!d
#i& The fact that the order or (ud'e!t appealed fro is !ot appeala:le6 #)a&
Jrou!ds for disissal of appeal :; the CA
1ailure of the record o! appeal to sho* o! its face that the appeal *as ta>e! o! tie
1ailure to file the !otice of appeal or the record o! appeal o! tie
1ailure of the appella!t to pa; the doc>et a!d other la*ful fees
G!authoriMed alteratio!s8 oissio!s or additio!s i! the approved record o! appeal
1ailure of the appella!t to serve a!d file the re,uired !u:er of copies of his :rief or eora!du o!
tie
A:se!ce of specific assi'!e!t of errors i! the appella!tFs :rief8 or of pa'e refere!ces to the record
1ailure of the appella!t to ta>e the !ecessar; steps for the correctio! or copletio! of the record o!
tie
1ailure of the appella!t to appear at the prelii!ar; co!fere!ce
the fact that the order or (ud'e!t appealed fro is !ot appeala:le
Sec6 +6 Disissal of iproper appeal to the Court of Appeals6 = A! appeal u!der Rule $) ta>e! fro
the Re'io!al Trial Court to the Court of Appeals raisi!' o!l; ,uestio!s of la* shall :e disissed8 issues
purel; of la* !ot :ei!' revie*a:le :; said court6 Siilarl;8 a! appeal :; !otice of appeal i!stead of :;
petitio! for revie* fro the appellate (ud'e!t of a Re'io!al Trial Court shall :e disissed6 #!&
A! appeal erro!eousl; ta>e! to the Court of Appeals shall !ot :e tra!sferred to the appropriate court
:ut shall :e disissed outri'ht6 #.a&
A! appeal erro!eousl; ta>e! to the CA or throu'h the iproper ode shall !ot :e tra!sferred to the
appropriate court :ut shall :e disissed outri'ht6
Sec6 .6 Withdra*al of appeal6 = A! appeal a; :e *ithdra*! as of ri'ht at a!; tie :efore the fili!'
of the appelleeFs :rief6 Thereafter8 the *ithdra*al a; :e allo*ed i! the discretio! of the court6 #$a&
Withdra*al of appeal
:efore the fili!' of the appelleeFs :rief " a!; tie as a atter of ri'ht
after fili!' of the the appelleeFs :rief " *ith leave of court
0ud'e!t
Rule /)
Sectio! )6 Whe! case deeed su:itted for (ud'e!t6 = A case shall :e deeed su:itted for
(ud'e!t9
A6 I! ordi!ar; appeals6-
)& Where !o heari!' o! the erits of the ai! case is held8 upo! the fili!' of the last pleadi!'8 :rief8 or
eora!du re,uired :; the Rules or :; the court itself8 or the e<piratio! of the period for its fili!'6
+& Where such a heari!' is held8 upo! its teri!atio! or upo! the fili!' of the last pleadi!' or
eora!du as a; :e re,uired or peritted to :e filed :; the court8 or the e<piratio! of the period
for its fili!'6
@6 I! ori'i!al actio!s a!d petitio!s for revie*6-
)& Where !o coe!t is filed8 upo! the e<piratio! of the period to coe!t6
+& Where !o heari!' is held8 upo! the fili!' of the last pleadi!' re,uired or peritted to :e filed :; the
court8 or the e<piratio! of the period for its fili!'6
.& Where a heari!' o! the erits of the ai! case is held8 upo! its teri!atio! or upo! the fili!' of the
last pleadi!' or eora!du as a; :e re,uired or peritted to :e filed :; the court8 or the e<piratio!
of the period for its fili!'6 #!&
Sec6 +6 @; *ho re!dered6 = The (ud'e!t shall :e re!dered :; the e:ers of the court *ho
participated i! the deli:eratio! o! the erits of the case :efore its assi'!e!t to a e:er for the
*riti!' of the decisio!6 #!&
Sec6 .6 Nuoru a!d voti!' i! the court6 = The participatio! of all three 0ustices of a divisio! shall :e
!ecessar; at the deli:eratio! a!d the u!a!ious vote of the three 0ustices shall :e re,uired for the
pro!ou!cee!t of a (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio!6 If the three 0ustices do !ot reach a u!a!ious vote8
the cler> shall e!ter the votes of the disse!ti!' 0ustices i! the record6 Thereafter8 the Chaira! of the
divisio! shall refer the case8 to'ether *ith the i!utes of the deli:eratio!8 to the Presidi!' 0ustice *ho
shall desi'!ate t*o 0ustices chose! :; raffle fro ao!' all the other e:ers of the court to sit
teporaril; *ith the8 fori!' a special divisio! of five 0ustices6 The participatio! of all the five
e:ers of the special divisio! shall :e !ecessar; for the deli:eratio! re,uired i! sectio! + of this Rule
a!d the co!curre!ce of a a(orit; of such divisio! shall :e re,uired for the pro!ou!cee!t of a
(ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio!6 #+a&
Sec6 $6 Dispositio! of a case6 = The Court of Appeals8 i! the e<ercise of its appellate (urisdictio!8 a;
affir8 reverse8 or odif; the (ud'e!t or fi!al order appealed fro8 a!d a; direct a !e* trial or
further proceedi!'s to :e had6 #.a&
Sec6 /6 1or of decisio!6 = Ever; decisio! or fi!al resolutio! of the court i! appealed cases shall
clearl; a!d disti!ctl; state the fi!di!'s of fact a!d the co!clusio!s of la* o! *hich it is :ased8 *hich
a; :e co!tai!ed i! the decisio! or fi!al resolutio! itself8 or adopted fro those set forth i! the
decisio!8 order8 or resolutio! appealed fro6 #Sec6 $%8 @P @l'6 )+E& #!&
Sec6 ?6 7arless error6 = 3o error i! either the adissio! or the e<clusio! of evide!ce a!d !o error or
defect i! a!; ruli!' or order or i! a!;thi!' do!e or oitted :; the trial court or :; a!; of the parties is
'rou!d for 'ra!ti!' a !e* trial or for setti!' aside8 odif;i!'8 or other*ise distur:i!' a (ud'e!t or
order8 u!less refusal to ta>e such actio! appears to the court i!co!siste!t *ith su:sta!tial (ustice6 The
court at ever; sta'e of the proceedi!' ust disre'ard a!; error or defect *hich does !ot affect the
su:sta!tial ri'hts of the parties6 #/a&
Sec6 76 0ud'e!t *here there are several parties6 = I! all actio!s or proceedi!'s8 a! appealed
(ud'e!t a; :e affired as to soe of the appella!ts8 a!d reversed as to others8 a!d the case shall
thereafter :e proceeded *ith8 so far as !ecessar;8 as if separate actio!s had :ee! :e'u! a!d prosecutedD
a!d e<ecutio! of the (ud'e!t of affira!ce a; :e had accordi!'l;8 a!d costs a; :e ad(ud'ed i!
such cases8 as the court shall dee proper6 #?&
Sec6 H6 Nuestio!s that a; :e decided6 = 3o error *hich does !ot affect the (urisdictio! over the
su:(ect atter or the validit; of the (ud'e!t appealed fro or the proceedi!'s therei! *ill :e
co!sidered u!less stated i! the assi'!e!t of errors8 or closel; related to or depe!de!t o! a! assi'!ed
error a!d properl; ar'ued i! the :rief8 save as the court a; pass upo! plai! errors a!d clerical errors6
#7a&
Sec6 E6 Proul'atio! a!d !otice of (ud'e!t6 = After the (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio! a!d disse!ti!'
or separate opi!io!s8 if a!;8 are si'!ed :; the 0ustices ta>i!' part8 the; shall :e delivered for fili!' to
the cler> *ho shall i!dicate thereo! the date of proul'atio! a!d cause true copies thereof to :e served
upo! the parties or their cou!sel6 #!&
Sec6 )%6 E!tr; of (ud'e!ts a!d fi!al resolutio!s6 = If !o appeal or otio! for !e* trial or
reco!sideratio! is filed *ithi! the tie provided i! these Rules8 the (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio! shall
forth*ith :e e!tered :; the cler> i! the :oo> of e!tries of (ud'e!ts6 The date *he! the (ud'e!t or
fi!al resolutio! :ecoes e<ecutor; shall :e deeed as the date of its e!tr;6 The record shall co!tai! the
dispositive part of the (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio! a!d shall :e si'!ed :; the cler>8 *ith a certificate
that such (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio! has :ecoe fi!al a!d e<ecutor;6 #+a8 R.?&
Sec6 ))6 E<ecutio! of (ud'e!t6 = E<cept *here the (ud'e!t or fi!al order or resolutio!8 or a portio!
thereof8 is ordered to :e iediatel; e<ecutor;8 the otio! for its e<ecutio! a; o!l; :e filed i! the
proper court after its e!tr;6
I! ori'i!al actio!s i! the Court of Appeals8 its *rit of e<ecutio! shall :e accopa!ied :; a certified
true cop; of the e!tr; of (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio! a!d addressed to a!; appropriate officer for its
e!forcee!t6
I! appealed cases8 *here the otio! for e<ecutio! pe!di!' appeal is filed i! the Court of Appeals at a
tie that it is i! possessio! of the ori'i!al record or the record o! appeal8 the resolutio! 'ra!ti!' such
otio! shall :e tra!sitted to the lo*er court fro *hich the case ori'i!ated8 to'ether *ith a certified
true cop; of the (ud'e!t or fi!al order to :e e<ecuted8 *ith a directive for such court of ori'i! to issue
the proper *rit for its e!forcee!t6 #!&
Cases
Ca;a:a v6 CA8 +)E SCRA /7) #)EE.& JR9 Reversal of a (ud'e!t o! appeal is :i!d!' o! the parties to
the suit :ut does !ot i!ure to the :e!efit of parties *o did !ot (oi! i! the appeal6 E<ceptio!9 *he! their
ri'hts a!d lia:ilities a!d those of the parties appeali!' are so i!ter*ove! a!d depe!de!t so as to :e
i!separa:le #e6'6 o!e derives title fro the other&8 i! *hich case a reversal as to o!e operates as a
reversal to all6
Jo v6 CA8 )%% SCRA /$E #)EH%& Where o!l; the plai!tiff of the disissed coplai!t appealed8 the
appellate court8 i! reversi!' the decisio!8 ca! !ot re!der (ud'e!t o! .rd part; defe!da!ts *here the
.rd part; coplai!a!t did !ot appeal6
Motio! 1or Reco!sideratio! #Rule /+&
Sectio! )6 Period for fili!'6 = A part; a; file a otio! for reco!sideratio! of a (ud'e!t or fi!al
resolutio! *ithi! fiftee! #)/& da;s fro !otice thereof8 *ith proof of service o! the adverse part;6 #!&
Sec6 +6 Seco!d otio! for reco!sideratio!6 = 3o seco!d otio! for reco!sideratio! of a (ud'e!t or
fi!al resolutio! :; the sae part; shall :e e!tertai!ed6 #!&
Sec6 .6 Resolutio! of otio!6 = I! the Court of Appeals8 a otio! for reco!sideratio! shall :e resolved
*ithi! !i!et; #E%& da;s fro the date *he! the court declares it su:itted for resolutio!6 #!&
Sec6 $6 Sta; of e<ecutio!6 = The pe!de!c; of a otio! for reco!sideratio! filed o! tie a!d :; the
proper part; shall sta; the e<ecutio! of the (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio! sou'ht to :e reco!sidered
u!less the court8 for 'ood reaso!s8 shall other*ise direct6 #!&
A MfR :efore the CA sta;s e<ecutio! of its (ud'e!t8 u!less for 'ood reaso!s8 the CA directs
other*ise6
3e* Trial
Rule /.
Sectio! )6 Period for fili!'D 'rou!d6 = At a!; tie after the appeal fro the lo*er court has :ee!
perfected a!d :efore the Court of Appeals loses (urisdictio! over the case8 a part; a; file a otio! for
a !e* trial o! the 'rou!d of !e*l; discovered evide!ce *hich could !ot have :ee! discovered prior to
the trial i! the court :elo* :; the e<ercise of due dili'e!ce a!d *hich is of such a character as *ould
pro:a:l; cha!'e the result6 The otio! shall :e accopa!ied :; affidavits sho*i!' the facts
co!stituti!' the 'rou!ds therefor a!d the !e*l; discovered evide!ce6 #)a&
Re,uisites for M3T :efore the CA
filed after appeal has :ee! perfected a!d :efore the CA loses (urisdictio!6
Jrou!d is !e*l; discovered evide!ce *hich
could !ot have :ee! discovered prior to the trial i! the court :elo* :; the e<ercise of due dili'e!ce a!d
is of such a character as *ould pro:a:l; cha!'e the result6
accopa!ied :; affidavits sho*i!'
the facts co!stituti!' the 'rou!ds therefor a!d
the !e*l; discovered evide!ce6
3ote that 1AME is !ot a 'rou!d for M3T :efore the CA u!li>e :efore the lo*er courts6
Sec6 +6 7eari!' a!d order6 = The Court of Appeals shall co!sider the !e* evide!ce to'ether *ith that
adduced at the trial :elo*8 a!d a; 'ra!t or refuse a !e* trial8 or a; a>e such order8 *ith !otice to
:oth parties8 as to the ta>i!' of further testio!;8 either orall; i! court8 or :; depositio!s8 or re!der
such other (ud'e!t as ou'ht to :e re!dered upo! such ters as it a; dee (ust6 #+a&
Sec6 .6 Resolutio! of otio!6 = I! the Court of Appeals8 a otio! for !e* trial shall :e resolved
*ithi! !i!et; #E%& da;s fro the date *he! the court declares it su:itted for resolutio!6 #!&
Sec6 $6 Procedure i! !e* trial6 = G!less the court other*ise directs8 the procedure i! the !e* trial shall
:e the sae as that 'ra!ted :; a Re'io!al Trial Court6 #.a&
Cases
7eirs of Mo!ti!ola-Sa!so! v6 CA8 )/H SCRA +$7 #)EHH& The affidavits accopa!;i!' a M3T :efore
the CA ust state facts co!stituti!' the 'rou!ds for M3T a!d the !e*l; discovered evide!ce8 !ot (ust
ere co!clusio!s or opi!io!s #e6'6 4u!due i!flue!ce *as e<erted5&6 The !e* *it!esses ust :e !aed
a!d there ust :e soe de'ree of certai!t; as to their appeara!ce :efore the court to testif;6
Corro:orative a!d cuulative evide!ce 'e!erall; !ot 'rou!ds for !e* trial6
de Leo!9 I! fact8 the !e* *it!esses ust !ot o!l; :e !aed8 :ut their affidavits ust :e attached to the
M3T6
3avarra v6 CA8 +%$ SCRA H/% #)EE)& Where the evide!ce *as !ot ;et e<isti!' at the tie the CA
re!dered its decisio!8 such evide!ce is !ot !e*l;-discovered evide!ce that *ould :e 'rou!d for a M3T6
M3T ca! !ever :e filed *ith the SC6
Cue!ca v6 CA8 +/% SCRA $H/ #)EE/& The rule that the SC ca! !ot 'ra!t M3T has :ee! a:a!do!ed6
The SC ca! !o* 'ra!t M3T8 ore so if there is !o oppositio! fro the adverse part;6
I!ter!al @usi!ess #Rule /$&
Sectio! )6 Distri:utio! of cases ao!' divisio!s6 = All the cases of the Court of Appeals shall :e
allotted ao!' the differe!t divisio!s thereof for heari!' a!d decisio!6 The Court of Appeals8 sitti!' e!
:a!c8 shall a>e proper orders or rules to 'over! the allote!t of cases ao!' the differe!t divisio!s8
the co!stitutio! of such divisio!s8 the re'ular rotatio! of 0ustices ao!' the8 the filli!' of vaca!cies
occurri!' therei!8 a!d other atters relati!' to the :usi!ess of the courtD a!d such rules shall co!ti!ue
i! force u!til repealed or altered :; it or :; the Supee Court6 #)a&
Sec6 +6 Nuoru of the Court6 = A a(orit; of the actual e:ers of the court shall co!stitute a
,uoru for its sessio! e! :a!c6 Three e:ers shall co!stitute a ,uoru for its sessio!s of a divisio!6
The affirative votes of the a(orit; of the e:ers prese!t shall :e !ecessar; to pass a resolutio! of
the court e! :a!c6 The affirative votes of three e:ers of a divisio! shall :e !ecessar; for the
pro!ou!cee!t of a (ud'e!t or fi!al resolutio!8 *hich shall :e reached i! co!sultatio! :efore the
*riti!' of the opi!io! :; a!; e:er of the divisio!6 #Sec6 ))8 first par6 of @P @l'6 )+E8 as ae!ded :;
Sec6 ? of E2 ..&6 #.a&
Pu:licatio! of 0ud'e!ts a!d 1i!al Resolutio! #Rule //&
Sectio! )6 Pu:licatio!6 = The (ud'e!ts a!d fi!al resolutio!s of the court shall :e pu:lished i! the
2fficial JaMette a!d i! the Reports officiall; authoriMed :; the court i! the la!'ua'e i! *hich the; have
:ee! ori'i!all; *ritte!8 to'ether *ith the s;lla:i therefor prepared :; the reporter i! co!sultatio! *ith
the *riters thereof6 Meora!da of all other (ud'e!ts a!d fi!al resolutio!s !ot so pu:lished shall :e
ade :; the reporter a!d pu:lished i! the 2fficial JaMette a!d the authoriMed reports6 #)a&
Sec6 +6 Preparatio! of opi!io!s for pu:licatio!6 = The reporter shall prepare a!d pu:lish *ith each
reported (ud'e!t a!d fi!al resolutio! a co!cise s;!opsis of the facts !ecessar; for a clear
u!dersta!di!' of the case8 the !aes of cou!sel8 the aterial a!d co!troverted poi!ts i!volved8 the
authorities cited therei!8 a! a s;lla:us *hich shall :e co!fi!ed to poi!ts of la*6 #Sec6 ++a6 R6A6 3o6
+E?&6 #!&
Sec6 .6 Je!eral a>e-up of volues6 = The pu:lished decisio!s a!d fi!al resolutio!s of the Supree
Court shall :e called OPhilippi!e Reports8O *hile those of the Court of Appeals shall :e >!o*! as the
OCourt of Appeals Reports6O Each volue thereof shall co!tai! a ta:le of the cases reported a!d the
cases cited i! the opi!io!s8 *ith a coplete alpha:etical i!de< of the su:(ect atters of the volue6 It
shall co!sist of !ot less tha! seve! hu!dred pa'es pri!ted upo! 'ood paper8 *ell :ou!d a!d !u:ered
co!secutivel; i! the order of the volue pu:lished6 #Sec6 +.a8 R6A6 3o6 +E?& #!&
Procedure i! the Supree Court #Rule /?&
2ri'i!al Cases
Sectio! )6 2ri'i!al cases co'!iMa:le6 = 2!l; petitio!s for certiorari8 prohi:itio!8 a!daus8 ,uo
*arra!to8 ha:eas corpus8 discipli!ar; proceedi!' a'ai!st e:ers of the (udiciar; a!d attor!e;s8 a!d
cases affecti!' a:assadors8 other pu:lic i!isters a!d co!suls a; :e filed ori'i!all; i! the Supree
Court6 #!&
2ri'i!al cases co'!iMa:le :efore the SC
petitio!s for
certiorari
prohi:itio!
a!daus
,uo *arra!to
ha:eas corpus
discipli!ar; proceedi!' a'ai!st e:ers of the (udiciar; a!d attor!e;s8 a!d
cases affecti!' a:assadors8 other pu:lic i!isters a!d co!suls
Sec6 +6 Rules applica:le6 = The procedure i! ori'i!al cases for certiorari8 prohi:itio!8 a!daus8 ,uo
*arra!to a!d ha:eas corpus shall :e i! accorda!ce *ith the applica:le provisio!s of the Co!stitutio!8
la*s8 a!d Rules $? #ori'i!al cases&8 $H #prelii!ar; co!fere!ce&8 $E #oral ar'ue!t&8 /) #(ud'e!t&8 /+
#otio! for reco!sideratio!& a!d this Rule8 su:(ect to the follo*i!' provisio!s9
a& All refere!ces i! said Rules to the Court of Appeals shall :e u!derstood to also appl; to the Supree
CourtD
:& The portio!s of said Rules deali!' strictl; *ith a!d specificall; i!te!ded for appealed cases i! the
Court of Appeals shall !ot :e applica:leD a!d
c& Ei'htee! #)H& clearl; le'i:le copies of the petitio! shall :e filed8 to'ether *ith proof of service o! all
adverse parties6
The proceedi!'s for discipli!ar; actio! a'ai!st e:ers of the (udiciar; shall :e 'over!ed :; the la*s
a!d Rules prescri:ed therefor8 a!d those a'ai!st attor!e;s :; Rule ).E-@8 as ae!ded6 #!&
3ote that the provisio!s o! CA procedure i! ordi!ar; appealed cases #Rule $$&8 a!!ule!t of
(ud'e!ts or fi!al orders a!d resolutio!s #Rule $7&8 disissal of appeal #Rule /%&8 !e* trial #Rule /.&8
i!ter!al :usi!ess #Rule /$&8 a!d pu:licatio! of (ud'e!ts a!d fi!al resolutio! #Rule //& are !ot
e<pressl; applica:le i! cases :efore the SC6
Appealed Cases
Sec6 .6 Mode of appeal6 = A! appeal to the Supree Court a; :e ta>e! o!l; :; a petitio! for revie*
o! certiorari8 e<cept i! crii!al cases *here the pe!alt; iposed is death8 reclusio! perpetua or life
ipriso!e!t6 #!&
A! appeal to the Supree Court a; :e ta>e! o!l; :; a petitio! for revie* o! certiorari8 e<cept i!
crii!al cases *here the pe!alt; iposed is death8 reclusio! perpetua or life ipriso!e!t6 7e!ce for
a!; civil decisio! :; the CA to 'o to the SC8 it ust :e :; pettio! for revie* o! certiorari6
Sec6 $6 Procedure6 = The appeal shall :e 'over!ed :; a!d disposed of i! accorda!ce *ith the
applica:le provisio!s of the co!stitutio!8 la*s8 Rules $/ #appeal :; certiorari to the Supree Court&8 $H
#prelii!ar; co!fere!ce&8 sectio!s )8 +8 a!d / to )) of Rule /) #(ud'e!t&8 /+ #otio! for
reco!sideratio!& a!d this Rule6 #!&
Sec6 /6 Jrou!ds for disissal of appeal6 = The appeal a; :e disis!t evide!ci!' the a'e!c;6 Such
revocatio! a; :e e<press or iplied6 #)7..a&
Art6 )E+)6 If the a'e!c; has :ee! e!trusted for the purpose of co!tracti!' *ith specified perso!s8 its
revocatio! shall !ot pre(udice the latter if the; *ere !ot 'ive! !otice thereof6 #)7.$&
Art6 )E++6 If the a'e!t had 'e!eral po*ers8 revocatio! of the a'e!c; does !ot pre(udice third perso!s
*ho acted i! 'ood faith a!d *ithout >!o*led'e of the revocatio!6 3otice of the revocatio! i! a
!e*spaper of 'e!eral circulatio! is a sufficie!t *ar!i!' to third perso!s6 #!&
Art6 )E+.6 The appoi!te!t of a !e* a'e!t for the sae :usi!ess or tra!sactio! revo>es the previous
a'e!c; fro the da; o! *hich !otice thereof *as 'ive! to the forer a'e!t8 *ithout pre(udice to the
provisio!s of the t*o precedi!' articles6 #)7./a&
Art6 )E+$6 The a'e!c; is revo>ed if the pri!cipal directl; a!a'es the :usi!ess e!trusted to the a'e!t8
deali!' directl; *ith third perso!s6 #!&
Art6 )E+/6 Whe! t*o or ore pri!cipals have 'ra!ted a po*er of attor!e; for a coo! tra!sactio!8
a!; o!e of the a; revo>e the sae *ithout the co!se!t of the others6 #!&
Art6 )E+?6 A 'e!eral po*er of attor!e; is revo>ed :; a special o!e 'ra!ted to a!other a'e!t8 as re'ards
the special atter i!volved i! the latter6 #!&
Art6 )E+76 A! a'e!c; ca!!ot :e revo>ed if a :ilateral co!tract depe!ds upo! it8 or if it is the ea!s of
fulfilli!' a! o:li'atio! alread; co!tracted8 or if a part!er is appoi!ted a!a'er of a part!ership i! the
co!tract of part!ership a!d his reoval fro the a!a'ee!t is u!(ustifia:le6 #!&
Art6 )E+H6 The a'e!t a; *ithdra* fro the a'e!c; :; 'ivi!' due !otice to the pri!cipal6 If the latter
should suffer a!; daa'e :; reaso! of the *ithdra*al8 the a'e!t ust i!de!if; hi therefor8 u!less
the a'e!t should :ase his *ithdra*al upo! the ipossi:ilit; of co!ti!ui!' the perfora!ce of the
a'e!c; *ithout 'rave detrie!t to hiself6 #)7.?a&
Art6 )E+E6 The a'e!t8 eve! if he should *ithdra* fro the a'e!c; for a valid reaso!8 ust co!ti!ue to
act u!til the pri!cipal has had reaso!a:le opportu!it; to ta>e the !ecessar; steps to eet the situatio!6
#)7.7a&
Art6 )E.%6 The a'e!c; shall reai! i! full force a!d effect eve! after the death of the pri!cipal8 if it has
:ee! co!stituted i! the coo! i!terest of the latter a!d of the a'e!t8 or i! the i!terest of a third perso!
*ho has accepted the stipulatio! i! his favor6 #!&
Art6 )E.)6 A!;thi!' do!e :; the a'e!t8 *ithout >!o*led'e of the death of the pri!cipal or of a!; other
cause *hich e<ti!'uishes the a'e!c;8 is valid a!d shall :e full; effective *ith respect to third perso!s
*ho a; have co!tracted *ith hi i! 'ood faith6 #)7.H&
Art6 )E.+6 If the a'e!t dies8 his heirs ust !otif; the pri!cipal thereof8 a!d i! the ea!tie adopt such
easures as the circusta!ces a; dea!d i! the i!terest of the latter6 #)7.E&
Title XI6 - L2A3
JE3ERAL PR2VISI23S
Art6 )E..6 @; the co!tract of loa!8 o!e of the parties delivers to a!other8 either soethi!' !ot
co!sua:le so that the latter a; use the sae for a certai! tie a!d retur! it8 i! *hich case the
co!tract is called a coodatuD or o!e; or other co!sua:le thi!'8 upo! the co!ditio! that the
sae aou!t of the sae >i!d a!d ,ualit; shall :e paid8 i! *hich case the co!tract is sipl; called a
loa! or utuu6
Coodatu is esse!tiall; 'ratuitous6
Siple loa! a; :e 'ratuitous or *ith a stipulatio! to pa; i!terest6
I! coodatu the :ailor retai!s the o*!ership of the thi!' loa!ed8