Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CONCEPT MAP

CELL

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Structure, Function and

Comparison

Organelles

Nucleus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Ribosome

Non organelles

Chloroplast

Mitochondrion

Vacuole

Plasma Membrane

Golgi Apparatus

Cell organization and specialization

Cell Wall

Cytoplasm

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.1 Understanding Cell

Do You Know Who is
Robert Hooke?

Tips for you:

1. All living organisms are made of cells.
2. A cell is a basic unit of life .
3. Plant cell differ from animal cell
4. Each cell component has specific function

Suggestion for experiment:

1. Prepare slide of onion epidermal cell and cells of Hydrilla sp. leaf to study a plant cell structure.
2. Prepare slide of human cheek cells to study an animal cell structure.
3. State the technique that you use in these experiment..

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.1.1

a) By using different pencil colour, draw and match the organelles in a plant cell and in an animal cell below.

Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion (dark blue)
Chloroplast (Green)
Golgi Apparatus( orange)
Nucleus (red)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (purple)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (brown)
Ribosome (black )
Vacuole (yellow)
Vesicles (light blue)
Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

b) List the organelles which have

i) single layer membrane

ii) double layers membrane

c) Identify organelles and non organelles

i) organelles

ii) non organelles

d) Complete structures ( organelle / part of cell ) and functions in the table below
Organelle / part of
cell

Function

Nucleus
Absorb light for photosynthesis
Ribosome
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Processing, packaging and transporting phospholipids and glycoprotein
Mitochondrion

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Vacuole
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell wall

2.

2.
1. has a fixed shaped

3.

3.

1. does not has a fixed shape

2.1.2 Complete the similarities and the differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

4.

An animal cell

1. have nucleus
2.
3.
4.
5
6
7.

5
8.

4. A plant cell

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.1.3 Predict organelle which is found in large numbers in each cell shown below. Explain why.

Organelle :
Explanation :

Sperm cell

Nerve cell

Organelle :
Explanation :

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Pancreas cells
Organelle :
Explanation :

Organelle :
Explanation :

Muscle fibers

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Mesophyll palisade cells

Organelle :
Explanation :

Meristematic cells
Organelle:
Explanation :

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.2 Appreciating the uniqueness of the cell.

2.2.1

State structures which are involve in the process of protein synthesize such as enzyme in the
passage below.

Genetic material for a type of enzyme will be synthesize found in __________________. Double Helix
DNA unzip and a RNA chain which carry the genetic code move out from the nucleus to
______________ Protein which has been synthesize by __________________ will be sent to
_____________________________

and

transported

to

________________________

by

________________ . From __________________ protein which has been modified transported out of
the cell and applied at targeted organs.

Based on the above statement what is the conclusion ?

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2.2.2

a) Observe each electron micrograph below. Identify and label organelles which can be found.

Figure 6 (a)

Figure 6 (b)

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
b) What will happen if the organelles that you identified in figure 6 (a) and 6(b) does not present in the cell and
state the effect .
No.
1

Organelle

effect of the absent

2
3
4
5

Exercise

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

1. Figure 1 shows the structure of an animal cell which can be observed under an electron microscope. P, Q, R
and S are the structures in the cell. X is rod in shape and has 1mm to 2mm lengths
a) Label P, Q, R and S on the diagram.
[ 4 marks ]
b) State the function for P, Q, R and S
P:________________________________________________________________________________
Q:________________________________________________________________________________
R:________________________________________________________________________________
S:________________________________________________________________________________
[ 4 marks ]
C) (i) Name organelle X.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 marks ]

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
(II) The number of organelles X in an animal somatic cell differ from an animal gamete cell.
Explain why
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
d) (i) Name organelle Y which is a small particle and state where it is located.
________________________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks ]
(ii) State the function of organelle Y

________________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 marks ]
e) Describe the difference between Q in an animal cell with Q in a plant cell.
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
[ 1 marks ]
f)

What will happen if this animal cell does not has organelle Y.

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 marks ]

CELL ORGANISATION
Complete the table below
Diagram of Amoeba sp.

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

No.
Component
1
Nucleus
2

Function

-for movement
- surrounds and engulfs the food particle

Food vacuoles

Contractile vacuole

- regulates the movement of substances into

and out of the cell (only allows small
molecules)

Table 1
AMOEBAS FEEDING
Amoeba approaches the
food particle

Cell Organisation

Analogy of
formation cell to tissue
Types of Celll

Types of tissue

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The number of cell types

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Cell x

Tissue R

Cell y

Tissue S

Cell z

Tissue T

Table 2
Exercise 1 :
1.
2.

3.

Fill in the column with the number of cell type forming the R, S and T tissue
What observation can be made about tissue?.
(i)

R : ______________________________________________________

(ii)

S : ______________________________________________________

(iii)

T : ______________________________________________________

What inference can be made about tissue?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

4.

Give examples of tissue R, S and T

i. ______________________________________________________________
II. ______________________________________________________________
iii. ______________________________________________________________

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION
Exercice 2
Diagram of SKIN

The Skin is an organ

Base on diagram, identify the tissues which are involved to form skin.
Tissue : _______________________________________________________________
Explain the importance of tissue specialisation on multicellular animals
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

EPITHELIUM TISSUE

DRAW A SUITABLE TISSUE DIAGRAM ACCORDING TO THE TABLE BELOW

TYPICAL STRUCTURE
skin

Body cavities

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At alimentary canal

CONNECTIVE TISSU
EPENGHUBUNG

STRUCTURE :
blood

Loose fibrous

Compact bone

STRUCTURE :
Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

MUSCLE TISSUE
OTOT

Skeletal muscle

STRUCTURE

NERVE TISSUE

ANIMAL TISSUE

Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Sensory neuron

Interneuron

Motor neuron

CELL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS

Assignment :
1. . Name the types of cells that form the vascular tissue on the plant bulk.

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

2. Referring to the diagram, explain about the function of each tissue.

Parenchyma tissue
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

Sclerenchyma tissue
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

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Biology Teaching and Learning Module

CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

Vascular tissue

xylem tissue
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.

phloem tissue
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________.

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