Newton died in London on March 20, 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, the

first scientist to be accorded this honor. A review of an encyclopedia of science will

reveal at least two to three times more references to Newton than any other individual
scientist. An 18th century poem written by Alexander Pope about Sir Isaac Newton
states it best:
Newton found science a hodgepodge of isolated facts and laws, capable of describing
some phenomena, but predicting only a few. He left it with a unified system of laws that
can be applied to an enormous range of physical phenomena, and that can be used to
make exact predications. Newton published his works in two books, namely "Opticks"
and "Principia."
As mathematician, Newton invented integral calculus, and jointly with Leibnitz,
differential calculus. He also calculated a formula for finding the velocity of sound in a
gas which was later corrected by Laplace.
Newton was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge where he lived from 1661 to 1696.
During this period he produced the bulk of his work on mathematics. In 1696 he was
appointed Master of the Royal Mint, and moved to London, where he resided until his
death.
Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 (by the Julian calendar then in use; or
January 4, 1643 by the current Gregorian calendar) in Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in
Lincolnshire, England. Newton is clearly one of the most influential scientist who ever
lived. His accomplishments in mathematics, optics, and physics laid the foundations for
modern science and revolutionized the world.
PART 1
Choose one pioneer of modern calculus that you like and write about his
background history. Hence, present your findings using one or more i-Think maps.
I saac Newton

PART 2
A car travels along a road and its velocity-time function is illustrated in Diagram 1. The
straight line PQ is parallel to the straight line RS.













(a) From the graph, find
(i) The acceleration of the car in the first hour,
Method 1 (Formula: a =

)
v = 60t + 20

When t = 1

v = 60(1) + 20
v = 80

When t = 0

v = 60(0) + 20
v = 20

a =

a =

a = 60

1.0 1.5
2.0
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
0
v (km/h)
t (h)
P
R
S
Diagram 1
Q
Method 2 (Gradient of Graph)








Gradient =

= 60

(ii) The average speed of the car in the first two hours.
Average speed =











Area of A =

(20 + 80) x 1.0

= 50 km

Area of BC =

(0.5 + 1.0) x 80
= 60 km

Total distance = 50km + 60km = 110km

Average speed =

Average speed = 55

0
v (km/h)
t (h)
(1, 80)
(0, 20)
1.0 1.5
2.0 0
v (km/h)
t (h)
(1.5,
80)
(1.0, 80)
0)
(2.0, 0)
(0, 20)
A B C
b) What is the significance of the position of the graph
(i) Above the t-axis?
The car is accelerating towards the destination at first. After that, the car
travels at a constant velocity. Finally the car decelerates to a halt.
(ii) Below the t-axis?
The car is accelerating away from the destination at first. After that, the car
travels at a constant velocity. Finally the car decelerates to a halt.

(c) Using two different methods, find the total distance travelled by the car.
Method 1 (Area under the graph)
(

)(1) + 80 (

) +

)(80) + |

) (-80) |
= 110 + 80
= 190 km
Method 2 (Motion equations)

= 50 km

= 40 km

= 20 km

= 0 km

= 20 km

= 40 km

= 20 km

Total Distance travelled by the car = 50 + 40 + 20 + 0 + 20 + 40 + 20
= 190 km

(d) Based on the above graph, write an interesting story of the journey in not more
than 100 words.

Little Timmy and his friend hopped into their latest inventions for an
adventure. Carefully, the tinkered car accelerates from 20

with an
acceleration of

for an hour. Afterwards, the car maintains its constant

velocity for hour. Later, the car begins to decelerate for half an hour to enter the
time warp.
Everythings going backwards as they travel through the time, the car begin to
accelerate again with acceleration of

for hour to achieve constant

velocity of 80

which is maintained for hour, before it decelerate at

for hour before it comes to a stop.

(99 words)


PART 3
Diagram 2 shows a parabolic satellite disc which is symmetrical at the y-axis. Given that
the diameter of the disc is 8 m and the depth is 1 m.







(a) Find the equation of the curve y = f(x).

y = a(x p) + q
Minimum point = (0, 4)
y = a(x 0) + 4
y = ax + 4
x axis =

= 4 y axis = 4 + 1 = 5

At point = (4, 5)
5 =

5 4 = 16a

= a

y = f (x)
y
x
0

1m
8 m

4
Diagram2
(b) To find the approximate area under a curve, we can divide the region into
several vertical strips, and then we add up the areas of all the strips.
Using a scientific calculator or any suitable computer software, estimate the area
bounded by the curve y = f(x) at (a), the x-axis, x = 0 and x = 4.


(i) (ii)






(iii)













y = f(x)
y
x
0 1 2 3 4
Diagram 3(iii)
Diagram3 (i) Diagram 3(ii)
y = f(x)
y
x
0 1 2 3 4
y = f(x)
y
x
0 1 2 3 4
x-axi s y-axi s Area
0.5 4 2
0.5 4.015625 2.007813
0.5 4.0625 2.03125
0.5 4.140625 2.070313
0.5 4.25 2.125
0.5 4.390625 2.195313
0.5 4.5625 2.28125
0.5 4.765625 2.382813
Total 4 34.1875 17.09375
Diagram 3 (i)




x-axi s y-axi s Area
0.5 4.015625 2.007813
0.5 4.0625 2.03125
0.5 4.140625 2.070313
0.5 4.25 2.125
0.5 4.390625 2.195313
0.5 4.5625 2.28125
0.5 4.765625 2.382813
0.5 5 2.5
Total 4 35.1875 17.59375
Diagram 3 (ii)




x-axi s y-axi s Area
0.5 4.015625 2.007813
0.5 4.015625 2.007813
0.5 4.140625 2.070313
0.5 4.140625 2.070313
0.5 4.390625 2.195313
0.5 4.390625 2.195313
0.5 4.765625 2.382813
0.5 4.765625 2.382813
Total 4 34.625 17.3125
Diagram 3 (iii)


(c) (i) Calculate the area under the curve using integration.
Area =

Area =

Area = [(

Area =

(ii) Compare your answer in c (i) with the values obtained in (b). Hence,
discuss which diagram gives the best approximate area.
Diagram 3 (iii) gives the best approximate area, which is

(iii) Explain how you can improve the value in c (ii).
We can improve the value in c (ii) by increasing the number of strips in the
graph x = 0 to x = 4

(d) Calculate the volume of the satellite disc.
y =

x
2
= 16 ( y - 4)
x
2
= 16y 64
Volume =

2

Volume =

2
Volume =

2
64y )
Volume = 8 m
3



FURTHER EXPLORATION
A gold ring in Diagram 4(a) has the same volume as the solid of revolution obtained
when the shaded region in Diagram 4 (b) is rotated 360
o
about the x-axis.











Find
(a) The volume of gold needed,

2
)
2
dx

dx
= [1.44x 4x
3
+ 5x
5
] 0.4
= 0.3619 cm
3

(b) The cost of gold needed for the ring.
(Gold density is 19.3 g cm
-3
. The price of gold can be obtained from the
goldsmith)
Density =

19.3 =

mass = 19.3 x 0.3619
= 6.9847 g



Gold Price = 6.9847 g x RM 132.99 (Price of gold as of 14 June 2014)
Gold Price = RM928.90

y
x
0
Diagram 4(a)
y
x
0
Diagram 4(b)

-0.2 0.2
REFLECTION
What have you learnt while conducting the project? What moral values did you
practice? Express your feelings and opinions creatively through the usage of symbols,
drawings, lyrics of a song or a poem.

After finishing this task, I appreciate calculus and its role in our daily lives more than
ever. For ages, the ancients tried hard to decipher the mathematical hurdles they encountered.
Their contribution played an important role in our daily lives because they are the foundation
of our modern civilization.
Moreover, this task also improved my thinking and problem solving skill
significantly, I also realized that the advantage of mastery over mathematics is nigh
incalculable. Therefore, I will strive to work harder in order to achieve my goal.