1

MATH009 Probability and Statistics

Handout # 4

Measures of Center for Grouped Data

Mean

n
x f
x
i i
= where

=
=
=
i
i
i
f n
i f
i x
frequency class th
midpoint class th


Median

|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =
f
C
n
w L x
2 ~
where
class median the of frequency
class median the before frequency cumulative than less
width class
class median the of boundary class lower
f
C
w
L
=
=
=
=


Note: The median class is the class interval where the th
n
|
.
|

\
|
2
observation belongs.

Mode

class modal the of boundary class lower L =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+ =
2 1
1

d d
d
w L x where width class w =

class modal after the frequency he t
and class modal the of frequency e between th difference
class modal the before frequency he t
and class modal the of frequency e between th difference
2
1
d
d
=
=


Note: The modal class is the class interval with the highest frequency.


Measures of Position for Grouped Data

The k
th
Percentile P
k

|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =
f
C
kn
w L P
k
100
where
k
k
k
P f
P
C
w
P L
containing class the of frequency
containing class
the before frequency cumulative than less
width class
containing class the of boundary class lower
=
=
=
=


Note: The class containing P
k
is the class interval where the th
kn
|
.
|

\
|
100
observation belongs.
2
The k
th
Decile D
k

|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =
f
C
kn
w L D
k
10
where
k
k
k
D f
D
C
w
D L
containing class the of frequency
containing class
the before frequency cumulative than less
width class
containing class the of boundary class lower
=
=
=
=


Note: The class containing D
k
is the class interval where the th
kn
|
.
|

\
|
10
observation belongs.

The k
th
Quartile Q
k

|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =
f
C
kn
w L Q
k
4
where
k
k
k
Q f
Q
C
w
Q L
containing class the of frequency
containing class
the before frequency cumulative than less
width class
containing class the of boundary class lower
=
=
=
=


Note: The class containing Q
k
is the class interval where the th
kn
|
.
|

\
|
4
observation belongs.


Measures of Variation for Grouped Data

Sample Variance
( )
( ) 1
2
2
2

=

n n
x f x f n
s
i i i i
where

=
=
=
i
i
i
f n
i f
i x
frequency class th
midpoint class th


Sample Standard Deviation
( )
( ) 1
2
2

=

n n
x f x f n
s
i i i i
where

=
=
=
i
i
i
f n
i f
i x
frequency class th
midpoint class th


Example: For 80 employees of a large department store, the following distribution for years of
service was obtained. Calculate the mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, 65
th

percentile, 1
st
quartile, and 4
th
decile.

Class Interval Frequency
1 5 21
6 10 28
11 15 15
16 20 2
21 25 9
26 30 5