TUTORIAL MATRICES AND SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

1. Given that A =

2 0
1 1
, B =

2
0
6
3
3
1
, C =

2
3
5
5
4
1
and D =

2 3 1
3 4 2
0 4 3
evaluate the following;
(a) BC + 2A
(b) D
2
CB
(c) A 3(BC + A)
2. Given two at!ice" A =
5 0 0
1 # 0
1 3 5





, B =
2 0 0
1 5 0
1 3 2






(a) $ete!ine if AB = BA
(b) %ind m and n "uch that A = mB + nI3.
3. &he at!ice" A and B a!e given a" A =
2 3
1 1

, B =
1 1
a b

whe!e a and b
a!e !eal nube!". %ind the diagonal at!i' D "uch that ADA
-1
= B.
4. Given that at!i' P =
1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 2





, find the at!i' A "uch that
P
-1
AP =
2 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 4

.
5. %ind the inve!"e at!i' of the following u"ing;
(i) &he ad(oint ethod
(ii) &he Gau"")*o!dan +liination ethod
(a)

2 1 1
5 1 4
0 1 2
(b)

1 1 1
3 5 4
2 4 2
6. Given that at!i' A =

, 3 2
2 0 1
1 1 1
and B =

1 1 3
1 5 3
2 4 6
. -!ove that AB = kI,
whe!e I i" an identit. at!i' and k i" a con"tant.
,. /how that A =
2 1
5 3

i" a 0e!o of 1ol.noial f(A) = A
2
5A + I.
2ence find the at!i' A
-1
and A
3
#. Given that at!i' A =

1 1 3
0 1 1
1 2 1
, find the at!i' A
2
. 3f A
3
4 A
2
4 6A = I,
whe!e I i" an identit. at!i' , find the inve!"e at!i' of A.
5. 3f P =

4 1 3
1 0 1
1 1 2
and Q =

1 1 1
1 5 1
1 3 1
, find PQ and
deduce the at!i' P
-1
. +'1!e"" the following "."te in it" at!i' fo!.
0 4 3
1
3 2
= +
= +
= +
z y x
z x
z y x
2ence "olve the linea! "."te.
10. /olve the following "."te" of e6uation "."te b. u"ing,
(a) &he 3nve!"e at!i' 7
(b) 8!ae!9" !ule 7
2 5
2 3 2 1
3 2 2
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
x y z
x y z
x y z
3 2 1
5 2 , 2
2 2
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
x y z
x y z
x y z

(c) &he Gau"")*o!dan +liination 7

11. 3f M =
3 2 2
4 1 2
2 1 3





and N =
1 4 2
# 5 2
2 1 5

, find MN. 2ence find M
-1
.
3n a "u1e!a!:et, the!e we!e th!ee 1!ootion 1ac:age" ;, < and 8 which offe!
"hi!t", long t!ou"e!" and nec:tie". &he nube! of each ite and the 1!ootion
1!ice fo! each 1ac:age i" given in the following table7
-ac:age =o. of
/hi!t"
=o. of
t!ou"e!"
=o. of
nec:tie"
-!ootional 1!ice
(>?)
;
<
8
3
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
256
21#
1,3
<. u"ing x, y and z !e"1ectivel. to !e1!e"ent the 1!ice of a "hi!t, a 1ai! of t!ou"e!"
and a nec:tie, w!ite down a at!i' e6uation to !e1!e"ent the info!ation above.
/olve the e6uation to dete!ine the 1!ice of each ite.
12. &h!ee weight lifte!", 2e!an, &ho! and ;:i!o ente!ed a weight)lifting conte"t in
which the. could a:e u1 thei! total weight b. adding th!ee diffe!ent "i0ed
weight". 2e!an u"ed 4 of weight X, 3 of weight Y and 5 of weight fo! a total
lift of 255:g.
&ho! u"ed 2 of weight X, 5 of weight Y and 3 of weight fo! a total lift of 255:g.
;:i!o u"ed 3 of weight X, 4 of weight Y and 5 of weight fo! a total lift of 310:g
(a) @"e the above info!ation to dete!ine the th!ee "e1a!ate weight" b.
u"ing eleenta!. !ow o1e!ation ethod.
2 3 4 1
2 2 3 2
2 2 3
+ =
+ =
+ =
x y z
x y z
x y z
(b) 3f &ho! !e1laced one weight b. a weight Y, would thi" change the !e"ult
of the co1etitionA
13. @"e the 6uad!atic function y = ax
2
+ bx + ! to odel the following data 7
x (;ge of a d!ive!) y (;ve!age nube! of autoobile
accident" 1e! da. in the @nited /tate")
20 400
40 150
60 400
@"e 8!ae!9" >ule to dete!ine value" fo! a, b, and !.
14. ; i'ed nut co1an. u"e" 8a"hew" nut", ?acadaia" nut" and <!a0il nut" to
a:e 3 gou!et i'e". &he table below indicate" the weight in hund!ed" of
g!a of each :ind of nut !e6ui!ed to a:e a :ilog!a of i'.
8a"hew" nut" ?acadaia" nut" <!a0il =ut"
?i' ;
?i' <
?i' 8
5
2
6
3
4
1
2
4
3
3f 1 :g of i' ; co"t" B12.50 to 1!oduce, 1 :g of i', < co"t" B12.40 and 1 :g of
i' 8 co"t" B11.,0, dete!ine the co"t 1e! :ilog!a of each diffe!ent :ind of nut.
2ence, find the co"t 1e! :g to 1!oduce a i' containing 400 g!a of 8a"hew"
nut", 200 g!a of ?acadaia" nut" and 400 g!a" of <!a0il nut".
ANSWERS
1. (a)
5 2
11 3

(b)
31 1 2
22 2, 12
10 15 1,





(c)
31 10
33 1

2. (a) AB = BA (b) m = )1 n = 3
3.
3 0
0 2




4. A =
1 3 3
3 5 3
6 6 4

5. (a)
, 2 5
1
13 4 10
2,
3 3 6






(b)
# 2 22
1
1 4 14
30
5 6 6





6.

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
6
, 6 = k
,. A
-1
=
3 1
5 2



A
3
=
43 24
120 6,

#.
2
6 1 2
0 3 1
, 6 4


=



A
,

3 5 4
1 2 1
1 1 1
1
A
5.

=
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2 PQ
,

1 1 1
1 5 1
1 3 1
2
1
1
P
,
2
1
3
=
=
=
z
y
x
10. (a) (b) (c)

1
3
23
21
52
21
x
y
z
=
=
=

2
1
2
=
=
=
z
y
x

2
5
3
=
=
=
z
y
x
11. MN =
1 0 0
5 0 1 0
0 0 1

1
1 4 2
1
# 5 2
5
2 1 5

=



M

X = >? 30 Y = >? 6# = >? 15
12. (a) X = 25:g, Y = 40:g, = 15:g
(b) Ce", &ho! lift" 320:g
13.
5
, 50 , 1150
#
= = = a b !
14. 8a"hew" B12 1e! :g
?acadaia" B15 1e! :g
<!a0il nut" B10 1e! :g
B11.#0