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  • First Aid 2013 Flashcards: Pharmacology - Endocrine

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    rehana003
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    This document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action and clinical uses. It also briefly covers drug classes used to treat other conditions such as thyroid disorders, growth hormone deficiencies, Cushing's syndrome, and oxytocin. The key classes of diabetes drugs mentioned are insulin, biguanides, sulfonylureas, glitazones/thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogs, GLP-1 analogs, and DPP-4 inhibitors. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by binding to insulin receptors and facilitating glucose uptake and storage. Biguanides like metformin decrease glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity. Sulfonylureas

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    Pharmacology flashcards for USMLE Step 1 from First Aid 2013

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    This document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action and clinical uses. It also briefly covers drug classes used to treat other conditions such as thyroid disorders, growth hormone deficiencies, Cushing's syndrome, and oxytocin. The key classes of diabetes drugs mentioned are insulin, biguanides, sulfonylureas, glitazones/thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogs, GLP-1 analogs, and DPP-4 inhibitors. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by binding to insulin receptors and facilitating glucose uptake and storage. Biguanides like metformin decrease glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity. Sulfonylureas

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    116 tayangan8 halaman

    First Aid 2013 Flashcards: Pharmacology - Endocrine

    Diunggah oleh

    rehana003
    This document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action and clinical uses. It also briefly covers drug classes used to treat other conditions such as thyroid disorders, growth hormone deficiencies, Cushing's syndrome, and oxytocin. The key classes of diabetes drugs mentioned are insulin, biguanides, sulfonylureas, glitazones/thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogs, GLP-1 analogs, and DPP-4 inhibitors. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels by binding to insulin receptors and facilitating glucose uptake and storage. Biguanides like metformin decrease glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity. Sulfonylureas

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 8

    Diabetes drug classes (8) MOA insulin

    Rapid-acting insulin Biguanides


    Short-acting insulin Biguanides MOA
    Intermediate-acting
    insulin
    Clinical use of biguanides
    Long-acting insulin Biguanide toxicity
    1a
    Bind insulin receptor --> Tyr kinase
    -->
    Liver: Glycogenesis
    Muscle: Increases glycogen and
    protein synthesis + K uptake
    Fat: aids TG storage
    Insulin, biguanides, sulfonylureas,
    Glitazones/ thiazolidinediones,
    alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin
    analogs, GLP-1 analogs, DPP-4
    inhibitors
    Metformin Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine
    Overall decreases gluconeogenesis,
    and increases insulin
    sensitivity (=> increased
    peripheral glucose uptake =>
    increased glycolysis)
    Regular insulin
    Oral
    DOC in T2D
    Can be used in pts w/o
    islet function
    NPH
    Lactic acidosis - CI in
    renal failure
    Gi upset
    Glargine, Setermir
    1b
    Sulfonylureas: first-gen
    Glitazones/
    thiazolidinediones
    Sulfonylureas: second-gen
    Glitazones/
    thiazolidinediones: MOA
    Sulfonylureas: MOA
    Glitazones/
    thiazolidinediones
    toxicities
    Sulfonylureas: Clinical
    use
    Alpha-glucosidase
    inhibitors
    Sulfonylureas: toxicity
    Alpha-glucosidase
    inhibitors: MOA
    2a
    -"glitazone"
    Tolbutamide,
    Chlorpropramide
    Bind and activa PPAR-y (nuclear
    transcription regulator) --> increased
    levels of adiponectin + increased insulin
    sensitivity in peripheral tissues
    Note: genes activated by PPARy regulate
    fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism
    Glyburide, Glimepiride,
    Glipizide
    Weight gain, edema
    Hepatotoxic
    Heart failure
    Close K channels in beta-
    cells --> cell depolarizes --
    > triggers insulin release
    via Ca influx
    Acarbose
    Miglitol
    T2D: stimulate release of
    endogenous insulin
    T1D: useless (bc require
    some islet function)
    Inhibit brush-border alpha-
    glucosidases => delayed sugar
    hydrolysis and glucose
    absorption --> decreased post-
    prandial hyperglycemia
    1st-gen: disulfiram-
    like effects
    2b
    Amylin analogs DPP-4 inhibitors: MOA
    GLP-1 analogs
    PTU or methimazole:
    MOA
    GLP-1 analogs: MOA
    PTU or methimazole:
    clinical use
    GLP-1 analogs: toxicity
    PTU or methimazole:
    Toxicity
    DPP-4 inhibitors
    Levothyroxine/
    triiodothyronine: MOA
    3a
    Increase insulin, decrease
    glucagon
    Pramlintide
    Block TPO => no organification of
    iodide, no coupling of thyroid
    hormine synthesis
    PTU also blocks 5'deiodinase =>
    decreased peripheral conversion of
    T4 to T3
    Exenatide, Liraglutide
    Hyperthyroidism
    Increase insulin, decrease
    glucagon
    Aplastic anemia
    Hepatotoxic (PTU)
    Teratogen (Methimazole)
    Pancreatitis
    Thyroxine replacement -"gliptin"
    3b
    Levothyroxine/
    triiodothyronine: clinical
    use
    Toxicity of demeclocycline
    Clinical use of GH Glucocorticoids
    Clinical use of
    somatostatin (octreotide)
    Glucocorticoids MOA
    Clinical use of Oxytocin
    Glucocorticoids clinical
    use
    Clinical use of
    demeclocyline
    Glucocorticoids toxicity
    4a
    Nephrogenic DI
    Photosensitivity
    Bone/ teeth abnormalities
    Hypothyroidism
    Myxedema
    -"sone"
    Triamcinolone
    GH deficiency
    Turner syndrome
    Decreased LT and PG
    production by blocking
    PLA2 and COX
    expression
    Acromegaly
    Carcinoid, Gastrinoma
    Glucagonoma
    Esophageas varicies
    Addison's
    Inflammation
    Immune suppression
    Asthma
    Stimulate labour (uterine
    contractions)
    Milk let-down
    Prevents uterine hemorrhage
    Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome (see
    FA13 p 305 for details)
    Adrenal insufficiency if stopped after
    chronic use (bc adrenals stopped making
    endogenous steroids when exogenous
    were being provided)
    SIADH (bc ADH
    antagonist, part of
    tetracycline family)
    4b

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