INTRODUCTION

********************
The River Sharda originates in the region of higher Himalayas, from the Glacier
of Zaskara range, at about 5250 meter !n the u""er reaches, in the hills, it is
called #ahakali The river emerges into "lains at $harahrmadeov, 5 %m
u"stream of Tanak"ur and is called Sharda The river is among the ma&or rivers
of !ndia and has a large hydro "otential
The Tanak"ur 'o(er Station is located on the right bank of the river Sharda in
the state of )ttaranchal !t is a run*of*the river "o(er station The 'ro&ect
com"rises a +i, $arrage for diverting Sharda river (aters into the "o(er channel
+ii, a surface "o(er house (ith a total installed ca"acity of -.2 #/ +derated
from original rating of 020 #/ due to a com"romise that had to be made on the
designed head,, near the $anbassa $arrage, for utili1ing the available head for
"o(er generation2 +iii, about 005 %m long tail race channel for discharging back
the (ater from the generating machines in to the Sharda River 2 +iv, 220 %3 4052
%3 s(itching station ad&acent to the "o(er house and +v, 220%3 double circuit
transmission line to $areilly 6 $ Gan&, 052%3 single circuit transmission line to
#ahender 7agar +7e"al, for evacuation of "o(er
The 'o(er Station has 5 %a"lan turbines of 50. #/ each The +%a"lan ty"e,
Hydro turbines for the Tanak"ur 'o(er Station have been su""lied by #4s $H89
The turbine and generating e:ui"ment (ere manufactured against our "urchase
order in ;ctober 0-<5 The turbine is designed for direct cou"ling (ith three
"hase 50 cycles4sec generators The Generators are of the Semi )mbrella ty"e
(hich are also su""lied by #4s $H89
The elements of (ater "ath of turbine vi1 s"iral casing, stay ring, guide
a""aratus, runner and draft tube have been (orked out to get minimum overall
dimensions of the unit, (ith high efficiency and good anti cavitation "ro"erties
#ain attention in designing the machines (as focused to obtain high hydraulic
and o"erational :ualities efficiency of the e:ui"ment and its com"lete reliability
The "ro&ect area falls under Zone . +High damage risk 1one, on Richter=s scale
and is not seismically activeof seismic division of our country #onsoons are
heavy and s"read over the months of >uly to ;ctober, (inter season e?tends u"
to @ebruary and summer from #arch to >une The mean ma? and min
tem"eratures are .0
0
6 and 0.
0
6 res"ectively Average annual rainfall is 0500
mm
Buring monsoon, in order to have silt*free (ater for the "o(er house, a silt
e?cluder device is "rovided in the under sluice "ortion of the barrage and silt
e&ector is "rovided on the "o(er channel
SALIENT FEATURES
************************
LOCATION
State in (hich located )ttaranchal
Bistrict 6ham"a(at
River Sharda
$arrage A""ro? 2 %m B4S of the to(n Tanak"ur
'o(er House A""ro? 02 %m )4S of e?isting Sharda $arrage
HYDROLOGY
6atchment area 05,000 S:km
Besign flood 0--00 6umec
#ean annual rainfall 0500 mm
BARRAGE
Total length .C55 m
S"ill(ay $ays length 2C-5 m
6rest 9evel )nder sluice*25C5 m, S"ill(ay*25<0m
7o of bays 22 +)nder sluice D -, S"ill(ay D 05,
#a? discharge ca"acity 0--00 6umec
#a? barrage "ond level 2.EC m
Silt 8?cluder Tunnels E no si1e 22 m F 52 m
Guide $und +Bo(nstream, 9eft $ank D0CC m, Right $ank *0CC m
Afflu? $und +)"stream, 9eft $ank* 22 %m, Right $ank* 22 %m
SPILLWAY
7o of s"ill(ays
05
Si1e of s"ill(ay gates 0<5m? <-m
/eight of each gate E-2C0 #T
6rest level of s"ill(ay bay 25<0m
SLUICES
7o of sluices -
Si1e of under sluice gates 0<5 m?-5 m
/eight of under sluice gate C5E<C #T
HEAD REGULATOR

9ocation
9ength
Right bank of the river
C<.5 m
7oG Si1e of gate 4(t E 7os, 002 m ? 55 m each, 5E0<C #T
Bischarge ca"acity E<0 cumec
8nergy Bissi"ation
Arrangement
Stilling basin (ith blocks

SILT EJECTOR
7o G Ty"e .<, Ho""er ty"e
Si1e of desilting basin -0 mF020 m
7o of flushing tunnels . nos
POWER CHANNEL
9ength E. %m+from head regulator to forebay,
#a? discharge ca"acity 5EE cumec
Sha"e Tra"e1oidal
Be"th E*- m
FOREBAY
Si1e E.2 mF-00 m
$ed level 25000 m
BYPASS SPILLWAY
7o and si1e of bay 5 nos of -5 m each
#a? discharge ca"acity 5EE cumec
9ength of s"ill(ay 5-5 m
6rest level 2.52 m
PENSTOCK
7umber 5 7os
Biameter E5 m
9ength 5.2 m
Si1e of intake gates 50 m F C00 m
6enter line of intake 25.-55 m
TAIL RACE CHANNEL
9ength 0050 m
POWER HOUSE
Ty"e Surface
Besign head 2.25 m
!nstalled ca"acity -.2 #/
+5 units of 50. #/ each D Berated ca"acity,
Bimensions 00250 m ? .520 m ? .CC0 m
)nit design discharge
0<<EC cumecs
EOT
7umber 2 7os
6a"acity 025450 4 Tonne

TURBINE
Ty"e of turbine %a"lan
Rated net head 2.25 m
Rated out"ut 52 #/ +Berated from rated out"ut of .05.
#/,
Rated discharge for rated out
"ut G head
0<<EC #
5
4sec
Rated s"eed 05E. r"m
Rated average efficiency -22H
Bischarge dia of runner E200 mm
Runa(ay s"eed on cam 2<0 r"m
Runa(ay s"eed off cam 5C5 r"m
Birection of rotation 6lock(ise + vie(ed from to",
'' Set delivery "ressure .0 %g4cm2
#a?imum hydraulic thrust 480 T
7o of guide vanes

2.
GENERATOR
Ty"e
)mbrella
Rated out "ut +at 0- "f
lagging,
.5 #3A
Rated voltage
00 %3
@re:uency 50 H1
7o of "oles ..
Stator 6onnection Star
Rated 6urrent 25E0< Am"
8?citation at rated load -00 -00 Am"
Sli" ring brushes
Total 2. + 02 "er ring,
Thrust $earing Ty"e S"ring #attress + 00 "ads2 -0 s"rings "er "ad,
Air ga"
0. mm
BUS DUCT
Ty"e designation !solated 'hase $us Buct
Rated voltage 00 k3
Highest voltage for e:ui"ment
+)m,
02 k3
Rated fre:uency 50 H1
#ain bus 5000 Am"
GENERATOR TRANSFORMER
Rated voltage 220 + I00H, %3
Rated #3A .-5 #3A
7o of Transformers 5 7os
Ty"e of cooling ;@/@
!nsulation class A
H !m"edance
+at "rinci"al ta", 0252 H
3ector grou" J7d00
SWITCH YARD
3oltage level
220%3 4 052 %3
7o of bays
C
9ine bays 5 +K9ine*!4!!+220 k3, G 7e"al 9ine+052 k3,L
$us cou"ler bay 0
Ty"e of breaker
S@E +Single "ole o"eration, "neumatic
o"ening*s"ring closing,
Si1e of s(itch yard 0E< m F 000 m
)nit bays 5
9ine bays 5 +K9ine*!4!!+220 %v, G 7e"al 9ine+052 %v,L
$us cou"ler bay 0
Ty"e of breaker S@E +Single "ole o"eration,"neumatic closing*s"ring
tri""ing,
Si1e of s(itch yard 0E< # F 000 #
ALLOCATION OF POWER GENERATED FROM TANAKPUR POWER
STATION
S.No. State MW Share % Share
0 6handigarh 0 05
2 Belhi 02 02<
5 Haryana E E.
. H' . 5<
5 >G% C CC
E 'un&ab 0C 0C-
C Ra&asthan 00 005
< )' 20 22E
- )ttaranchal 05 05-
7oteMThe "o(er allocation for different states (ill be "ro*rata +Hshare, of net "o(er
transmitted by T'S after deduction of "o(er transmitted to 7e"al
SCHEDULE OF POWER TO BE TRANSMITTED TO NEPAL MONTH!WISE"
SL.NO. MONTH
ENERGY TO BE SUPPLIED MU" PEAK LOAD MW"
SCHEDULE SCHEDULE
0 >anuary .5000 0200
2 @ebruary .0000 0200
TRANSMISSION LINE
Tanak"ur to $areilly 220 %3 k3 Bouble 6kt 9ine
9ength of the line 00E %m
Tanak"ur to 7e"al 052 %k3 sSingle 6kt line
9ength of the line 05 %m
DESIGN ENERGY .520- #)
COMMISSIONING DATES
)nit*! + 50050--2, ,
)nit*!! +0.0.0--2,,
)nit*!!! +0.0.0--2,
5 #arch .5000 0200
. A"ril 50000 0.00
5 #ay E0000 0E00
E >une E5000 0E00
C >uly C0000 0E00
< August C0000 0E00
- Se"tember C0000 0E00
00 ;ctober C0000 0.00
00 7ovember E0000 0200
02 Becember 55000 0200
TOTAL #$.$$$$ %&'.$$$$
DESIGN ENERGY MONTH WISE" FOR TANAKPUR POWER STATION
S.NO MONTH DESIGN ENERGY MU"
0 A"ril 0-C0
2 #ay 2<-.
5 >une .22-
. >uly EE5-
5 August EE5-
E Se"tember E...
C ;ctober 50-2
< 7ovember 5002
- Becember 2.05
00 >anuary 2025
00 @ebruary 0C02
02 #arch 0<0-
Total
()*.%+MU"
ELE,ATIONS IN POWER HOUSE
*************************************
S.NO. ELEVATION DESCRIPTION
1 EL 247.5 M ROAD FORMATION LEVEL
32 EL 246.4 M BYE-PASS GATE OPERATION
43 EL 246.0-246.2 M NORMAL FOREBAY LEVEL FOR OPERATION OF
UNITS
4 EL 245.48 M FULL SUPPLY EAD OF PO!ER "ANNEL
5 EL 243.2 M "REST LEVEL OF BYEPASS SPILL!AY
6 EL 234.#33 "ENTRELINE OF PENSTO"$ INTA$E
7 EL 231.10 BED LEVEL OF FOREBAY
8. EL 234.0M ROOF TOP OF PO!ER OUSE %1
ST
FLOOR&
# EL 227.7 M MA"INE FLOOR
10 EL 223.30 M MA' TR" !ATER LEVEL
11 EL 222.0 M MIN TR" !ATER LEVEL
12 EL 218.853 M BED LEVEL OF TR" AT ENTRY
13 EL 218.848 M BED LEVEL OF TR" AT REGULATOR SIDE
14 EL 222.0 M TURBINE FLOOR
15 EL 217.5 M "ENTERLINE OF S"ROLL "ASING
16 EL 215.56 M "ENTRE LINE OF RUNNER
17 EL 211.25 M "OOLING !ATER FLOOR
18. EL 210.5 M DRAFT TUBE GALLERY
1# EL 210.5 M DRAINAGE(DE!ATERING FLOOR
20 EL 202.5 M DE!ATERING EADER
21 EL 200.5 M DE!ATERING PIT FLOOR
22 EL 200.0 M DRAINAGE PIT FLOOR
23 EL 1#8.80 M DEEPEST FOUNDATION LEVEL
E-UIPMENTS AT ,ARIOUS ELE,ATIONS
******************************************
1) E-UIPMENTS AT EL **#.# M MACHINE HALL ELE,ATION"
S.No. Lo.at/o0
Equipments
0 #achine Hall !nstrument 'anel, Alarm 'anel, )nit Relay 'anel*
0G2, Tem"erature G #easurement 'anel, )nit
6ontrol G !ndication 'anel, Thyristor $ridge, A3R
cabinet, @ield $reaker cabinet, @ield @lashing
cabinet, Governor System +8lectrical 6abinet G
Hydromechancial cabinet,
2 6ontrol Room @ire alarm control "anel, fire annunciation "anel,
'966 'anel 7e"al +A$$ #ake,, '966 6$ gGan&
lines +')76;# #ake,, Remote ;9T6 G cooler
control cubical +7e"al 9ine, 220%34052%3,
50#3A auto transformer, 052%3 7e"al feeder,
Time synchroni1er "anel, 8vent logger "anel,
Bisturbance recorder "anel, Auto synchroni1er,
2203 B6 distribution board, 6#R "anel, control
desk, $us cou"ler "anel, 6$ gGan& line 0G2
"anel, Synchroni1er "anel , 3ibration monitoring
system
5 Transformer Jard Generator Transformer N 0,2G5,
SST N0G2, )AT N0,2G5,Gantry crane
. 'um" House +@ire
@ighting,
#ain fire "um"s N0G2, ;ne &ockey "um", /ater
Storage Tank
5 9T 'anel Room SS$ N0G2, 220 3 @loat charger and $oost
charger, .<3 @loat charger and $oost charger,
Halon system for control room fire fighting
system
E 3entilation room $lo(ers+5 7o,
C $attery Room 220 3 $attery $ank +;ld47e(,, .< 3 $attery
$ank
Note: See Annex-1&Annex-2 for sce!"t#c $r"%#n&.
2) E-UIPMENTS AT EL ***.$ M TURBINE FLOOR"
S.No. Lo.at/o0 E12/34e0t5
0 Turbine @loor $rake dust collector system,!nter"ad cooler
system, 9A3T 6ubicle,7G Transformer cubicle,
8?citation transformer,6G9S system, $raking
G>acking system
2 6om"ressor Room H' 6om"ressors +T(o,, 9' 6om"ressor+T(o,,H'
Air Receiver, H' to 9' Air Receiver,9' Air Receiver
5 #echanical
/orksho"
H#T milling machine +@75),, $#6 sha"ing
machine, H#T 9T#20 lathe machine, $#6 sa(
machine, Grinder +%ulkarni,, H#T drilling machine
. 'anels SS$ "anel , )A$ N0to5
5 ;') ;il "ressure unit +;'), receiver, T(o ;') "um"s
E 6o;2
System+System
+@ire @ighting,
6o;2 cylinder bank 0G2, 6o;2 fire e?tinguishing
control "anel, smoke alarm system "anel
C ;ther Systems 6able s"reading room, cable gallery, medium
velocity (ater fire e?tinguishing system
Note: See Annex-' for sce!"t#c $r"%#n&.
') E-UIPMENTS AT EL *%%.*) M COOLING WATER FLOOR"
S.No. Lo.at/o0 E12/34e0t5
0 6ooling floor T(o 6ooling "um"s for each unit, ;ne oil leakage
"um" for each unit
2 'anels 6ooling (ater "um"s control "anel
TANAKPUR HYDROPOWER STATION6BANBASA
DAILY 7SHIFT 8WISE CHECK LIST
B!S6HARG8M OOOOOOOOcumec BAT8M
OOOOOOOO
@;R8$AJ 98389M OOOOOOO T!#8 ;@ 6H86%!7GO
/H8ATH8R 6;7B!T!;7M OOOOO
S.NO DESCRIPTION OF
E-UIPMENT
UNIT9% UNIT9* UNIT9: REMARKS
1 L)*+ ), -./ 0*1.2,/3 2, M!
2 "),+2-2), )4 D(T 5*66/78
EL210.5
3 L/*9*5/ 47)0 D(T 0*,.)6/
%47),- *,+ :*19&
COOLIN( )ATER *LOOR EL 211.2+,
1 "))62,5 ;*-/7 <=0< >1
2 "))62,5 ;*-/7 <=0< >2
3 O.L.U ;)792,5 2,
AUTO(MANUAL
4 "),+2-2), )4 +=<6/? 3-7*2,/7>1
5 "),+2-2), )4 +=<6/? 3-7*2,/7>1
6 P7/33=7/ *- -./ 2,6/- )4 3-7*2,/7
7 P7/33=7/ *- -./ )=-6/- )4 3-7*2,/7
8 D7*4- -=:/ <7/33=7/
# "))62,5 ;*-/7 ./*+/7 <7/33=7/
10 "),+2-2), )4 D(T @*6@/ <2- <=0<
11 "),+2-2), )4 0)-)72A/+ @*6@/ 2,
1))62,5 ;*-/7 1271=2-
T-R.INE PIT EL 21/.01 ,
1 "),+2-2), )4 -)< 1)@/7 +7*2,*5/
<=0<
2 S.*4- 3/*6 ;*-/7 <7/33=7/
3 GV 3./*7 <2, *27 <7/33=7/
4 O26 6/*9*5/ 47)0 TGB
S.NO DESCRIPTION O*
E2-IP,ENT
-NIT31 -NIT32 -NIT3' RE,AR4S
1 G)@/7,)7 3/7@)0)-)7 )</,2,5
<7/33=7/
2 G)@/7,)7 3/7@)0)-)7 16)32,5
<7/33=7/
3 !*-/7 <7/33=7/ (@*11=0@*1==0
:/6); -)< 1)@/7
4 !*-/7 <7/33=7/ :/6); -)< 1)@/7
GAUGE >1
5 !*-/7 <7/33=7/ :/6); -)< 1)@/7
GAUGE >2
6 !*-/7 <7/33=7/ :/6); -)< 1)@/7
GAUGE >3
7 !*-/7 <7/33=7/ 2, 3<27*6 1*32,5
8 /*6-.2,/33 )4 PP 3/- 0)-)7 >1
# /*6-.2,/33 )4 PP 3/- 0)-)7 >2
10 P7/33=7/ 2, -./ *11=0=6*-)7
11 O26 6/@/6 2, -./ *11=0=6*-)7
12 O26 6/@/6 2, -./ 3=0<
13 L/*9*5/ 47)0 2+/*6/7 @*6@/ >1
14 L/*9*5/ 47)0 2+/*6/7 @*6@/ >2
15 /*6-.2,/33 )4 S 6=:/ <=0<
16 /*6-.2,/33 )4 "GLS
17 F6); 0/-/7 2, -./ *27 1))6/7
18 F6); 0/-/7 2, -./ )26 1))6/7
1# A27 <7/33=7/ 2, :7/*92,5 383-/0
20 !*-/7 6/*9*5/ 47)0 *,8 @*6@/
%G2@/ 6)1*-2),&
21 /*6-.2,/33 )4 L.P 1)0<7/33)7
>1
22 /*6-.2,/33 )4 L.P 1)0<7/33)7
>2
23 LP *27 -*,9 <7/33=7/
24 /*6-.2,/33 )4 .P 1)0<7/33)7
>1
25 /*6-.2,/33 )4 .P 1)0<7/33)7
>2
26 .P *27 <7/33=7/
27 "),+2-2), )4 M! 383-/0 2,
1*:6/ 4)7 *,8 6/*9*5/ /-1.
28 "./19 ET 4)7 *,8 *:,)70*6
3)=,+
2# "),+2-2), )4 5/,/7*-)7 :*77/6
+))7
30 "),+2-2), )4 UAT :7/*9/7.
31 "),+2-2), )4 ESV
S.NO DESCRIPTION O*
E2-IP,ENT
-NIT31 -NIT32 -NIT3' RE,AR4S
,AC5INE *LOOR EL 220.01,
1 )- *27 -/0<.
2 ")6+ *27 -/0<.
3 T.7=3- :/*72,5 <*+ -/0</7*-=7/
4 G/,/7*-)7 5=2+/ :/*72,5 %GGB&
<*+ -/0</7*-=7/
5 G/,/7*-)7 5=2+/ :/*72,5 %GGB& )26
-/0</7*-=7/
6 T=7:2,/ 5=2+/ :/*72,5 %TGB& <*+
-/0</7*-=7/
7 T=7:2,/ 5=2+/ :/*72,5 %TGB& )26
-/0</7*-=7/
8 "))62,5 ;*-/7 2,6/- -/0</7*-=7/
# "))62,5 ;*-/7 )=-6/- -/0</7*-=7/
10 D7*4- -=:/ <7/33=7/
11 PP 3/- <7/33=7/
12 S<27*6 1*32,5 <7/33=7/
13 S.*4- 56*,+ 23)6*-2,5 3/*6 *27
<7/33=7/
14 S.*4- 3/*6 1))62,5 ;*-/7 <7/33=7/
15 G)@/7,)7 <7/33=7/ ), EG
1*:2,/-
16 B*6*,1/ <)32-2),
17 B72+5/ 1=77/,- 2, AVR <*,/6 %*&
18 B72+5/ 1=77/,- 2, AVR <*,/6 %:&
1# B72+5/ 1=77/,- 2, AVR <*,/6%1&
20 P7/33=7/ )4 7=,,/7 3/7@)0)-)7
)</,2,5
21 P7/33=7/ )4 7=,,/7 3/7@)0)-)7
16)32,5
22 A,8 3<*792,5 ), 362< 72,5 :7=3./3
23 /*+ 625.- 56);2,5
24 "./19 *,8 *6*70 2, U"B <*,/6
25 /*6-.2,/33 )4 :6);/7 >1
26 /*6-.2,/33 )4 :6);/7 >2
27 /*6-.2,/33 )4 :6);/7 >3
28 /*6-.2,/33 )4 3<72,96/7 2, 1))62,5
<),+
2# !*-/7 6/@/6 2, 1))62,5 <),+
S.NO DESCRIPTION O*
E2-IP,ENT
-NIT31 -NIT32 -NIT3' RE,AR4S
TRANS*OR,ER DEC4 6EL 220.01 ,)
1 N) )4 1))6/73 ;)792,5
2 /*6-.2,/33 )4 )26
1271=6*-2), -/0</7*-=7/
3 T7*,34)70/7 ;2,+2,5
-/0</7*-=7/
4 T7*,34)70/7 )26
-/0</7*-=7/
5 =002,5 3)=,+ 47)0
-/0</7*-=7/
6 "./19 4)7 *,8 3<*792,5 )7
./*-2,5 )4 -7*,34)70/7
B=0</73
7 A,8 ;*-/7 6/*9*5/ 47)0
*,8 <)2,-
8 A,8 )26 6/*9*5/ 47)0 *,8
<)2,-
CONTROL ROO,
1 R/5=6*7 1./192,5 )4
1),-7)6 +/39 *,+ 1),-7)6
<*,/63
2 I,+21*-2), )4 A,,=,12*-2),
<*,/6
3 /*6-.2,/33 )4 7/6*8
P*,/63.
4 "6/*,62,/33 )4 1),-7)6
+/39.
5 "6/*,62,/33 )4 7/6*83.
6 /*6-.2,/33 )4 PL"" )4
62,/ >1
7 /*6-.2,/33 )4 PL"" )4
62,/ >2
8 /*6-.2,/33 )4 PL"" )4
N/<*6 62,/
# /*6-.2,/33 )4 A"
10 /*6-.2,/33 )4 L23-
LT ROO,
1 B*--/78 1.*75/7 2,
F6)*-(B))3- 0)+/.
2 /*6-.2,/33 )4 SST>1
1271=2- :7/*9/7
3 /*6-.2,/33 )4 SST>2
1271=2- :7/*9/7
4 /*6-.2,/33 )4 ALON
383-/0
S.NO DESCRIPTION O*
E2-IP,ENT
-NIT31 -NIT32 -NIT3' RE,AR4S
5EALT5INESS O* P-,PS 66EL 211.71 ,)
1 #0 P VT D/;*-/72,5 <=0< >1
2 #0 P VT D/;*-/72,5 <=0< >2
3 #0 P VT D/;*-/72,5 <=0< >3
4 #0 P VT D/;*-/72,5 <=0< >4
5 #0 P VT D7*2,*5/ <=0< >2
6 #0 P VT D7*2,*5/ <=0< >1
7 35 P 3=:0/732:6/ <=0<
>1%D7*2,*5/ <2-&
8 35 P 3=:0/732:6/ <=0<
>2%D7*2,*5/ <2-&
# 35 P 3=:0/732:6/ <=0<
>3%D7*2,*5/ <2-&
OT5ERS ISS-ES8C5EC4IN(
1 I66=02,*-2), *- +244/7/,- 46))73
2 O</,2,5 )4 *,8 .*-1. 1)@/7
3 G/,/7*6 16/*,62,/33
PRESTART CHECK LIST
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
0 7o (ork "ermit should be outstanding
2 Genschedule should be a""roved from 7R9B6
5 ;il level in TG$4GG$ should be normal
. All relevant oil4air4(ater lines should be charged and cooling (ater
header "ressure should be normal
5 B6 control circuit voltage check relay healthy
E Gov ;il "ressure and level should be normal
C #aster sto" relay reset46ontrolled action shutdo(n relay
reset48mergency shutdo(n relay reset 8lectrical lockout relay=s
reset
< 8S3 ckt should be healthy
- To" cover "um" A6 su""ly should be normal
00 HS "um" A6 su""ly ;7
00 B6 su""ly to all 'rotection4controlled relay "anel should be normal
02 $rake air "ressure normal and brakes in released "osition
05 Guide vanes in closed "osition (ith lock disengaged
0. 'enstock G Braft tube gates are o"en
05 Air "ressure to shaft gland isolating seal released
0E 'enstock drain valve should be closed
0C @ire fighting system should be healthy
0< 7o alarm4annunciation is "resent
0- Transformer oil flo(4 oil "ressure normal
20 Generator H3 circuit breaker o"en
20 Generator @ield breaker o"en
22 'restart check indication Punit ready to startQ*;7
25 @or auto start from control room
0 Gov G e?citer should be in autoauto mode
2 )nit selection in local mode
CHECKS BEFORE STARTING OF THE GENERATING UNIT!SYSTEM WISE
AFTER LONG OUTAGE7SHUTDOWN7MAINTENANCE WORK"
The follo(ing checks are to be made before starting of machineM
Ge0era< Che.=5>
0, 3erify from the shut do(n register that no (ork "ermit is outstanding
2, 8nsure that load schedule is a""roved from 7R9B6
5, 8nsure that the machine is free from any fault and can be run on load
., 6heck that "enstock drain valve G BT de(atering valve is closedAirclosed Air
release valve of s"iral casing is o"ened and also check that Guide 3anes are
closed and unlocked
(ENERATOR:
@irst make a general check of all the e:ui"ment 8nsure that tools, tackles,
ladders, "latforms are removed from inside and around the com"onent4
e:ui"ment 8nsure all the manhole covers eg s"iral casing, draft tube,
generator barrel doors are closed and securely fastened 8nsure that no body is
inside the generator barrel
6heck that oil levels in bearings are normal as "er level indicators
8nsure normal (ater flo( to generator air coolers
8nsure that sli" rings and carbon brushes are secured to their res"ective
"ositions This (ill avoid s"arking etc 8nsure that brake "ads are in released
condition
CO22 S9STE,:
8nsure that the 6;
22 cylinder banks in the system are in auto mode Also check
that no annunciation is a""earing on 6;2 control "anel
T5R-ST .EARIN(:
6heck the oil level of the chamber !n case the oil level is lo(, check for leakage
and then to" u" the oil to desired level
6heck the inlet and outlet valve of the unit for their o"en "osition
8nsure (ater su""ly to TG$4GG$ is normal
.RA4E AND :AC4:
8nsure correct air "ressure +5*E kg4cm
2
, in the system
C(LS S9STE,:
6heck the availability of the su""ly on the "anel 6harge the main "i"e line u" to
re:uired "ressure of 050 kg4cm
2
G check for any leakage in
distributerdistributor4feeders
COOLIN( )ATER S9STE,:
8nsure that all the cooling (ater valves of the unit su""lying (ater to the stator
air cooler, generator guide bearings, thrust bearings, #ain transformers, shaft
seal are o"en Also ensure that the outlet valves of the res"ective cooling (ater
circuits are o"en 6heck that the "ressure of 5*E%g4cm2 is available at Turbine
floor !n case of reduction in "ressure at any of the su""ly "oints, corrective
measures should be taken after finding the reason so as to avoid rise in
tem"erature
DE)ATERIN( & DRAINA(E S9STE,C
Be(atering G drainage system should (ork on Rauto= mode 8nsure the "um"s
are on RAuto= mode !f the system is o"erated manually, ensure the "ro"er
o"eration of the "um" so that flooding doesn=t take "lace
5P CO,PRESSED AIR S9STE,:
8nsure the settings of the com"ressor to o"erate at defined start and tri" values
of .00 kg4cm
2
and ..0 kg4cm
2
8nsure the safety valve functions "ro"erly
#oisture should be drained from the com"ressor air receiver in each shift
Selector s(itch should be on RAuto= mode
LP CO,PRESSED AIR S9STE,:
8nsure the settings of the com"ressor to o"erate at defined start and tri" values
+!f in auto mode,!f in manual mode the receiver "ressure should be monitored at
regular intervals 8nsure the safety valve functions "ro"erly #oisture should be
drained from the com"ressor air receiver Selector s(itch should be on RAuto=
mode
PROTECTION S9STE,:
All relay flag should be reset and there should not be any flag4alarm indication
CO,,-NICATION S9STE,:
6ommunication +'966 etc, system should be in order
DRA*T T-.E (ATES:
Braft tube gates should be o"en
PENSTOC4:
'enstock should be initially filled slo(ly (ith "enstock by "ass arrangement in
order to avoid sudden rush of (ater inside the "enstock
PENSTOC4 (ATES:
'enstock gates should be o"en
S)ITC59ARD:
8nsure .053 su""ly to the breaker4isolator motors in the s(itchyard 6heck S@E
"ressure in all the S@E breakers 6heck for satisfactory functioning of the
isolators from control room and locally (ith the concerned breaker in o"en
"osition Then the control s(itch may be "ut back on remote control Bo not
o"erate the breakers locally 6heck that closing s"ring of the breakers is in
charged "osition
T-R.INE:
6heck that all shear "ins of guide vanes are intact 8nsure that the oil level in
TG$ is normal !n case of higher oil level check for the (ater content in oil due to
leakage from oil coolers 6heck for the o"en "osition of valves su""lying clean
(ater to turbine shaft seal 8nsure that the sto""er for servomechanism is
disengaged
OIL LEA4A(E -NIT:
6heck that the control gear of the ;9) of turbine is in RAuto= mode
LEVEL & PREES-RE IN OP-:
8nsure that the control s(itches of the control "anel for ;') are ke"t in auto
mode thereby indicating that out of the t(o oil "um"s one (ill act as duty "um"
and other as standby
Te fo;;o%#n& <";<es so=;$ >e #n ?OPEN@ con$#t#on.
#ain valve connecting oil "ressure unit to the governing system
The valves of the oil "i"e line connecting both the "um"s and air oil accumulator
The valve of the "i"e line connecting governor slide valve and main oil tank
All the four valves in the servomotor
3alve of oil "i"e line connecting servomotors and oil leakage unit
The valve connecting the "ressure relay of the air oil accumulator
Te fo;;o%#n& <";<es so=;$ >e #n ?CLOSED@ con$#t#on.
The valves connecting the ;') oil tank to "i"e lines of oil handling system
The valve connecting the ;') oil tank to "i"e line for oil sam"ling
The drain valve of the ;') oil tank
(OVERNOR:
8nsure the control knob of the governor initially at the manual mode
#ain oil valve connecting ;') to governing system is o"en and oil "ressure in
the cabinet is normal !f the "ressure is less, check for rated "ressure in of
.0kg4cm
2
in ;') !f need be, take necessary measures and bring "ressure at
.0kg4 cm
2
G oil level at normal 6lean the filters in the mechanical cabinet of the
governor
STATIC EACITATION S9STE,:
8nsure for 2203 B6 su""ly from battery bank to the e?citation "anel for
e?citation build u" during black starting of the machine 6heck B6 su""ly for its
control and "rotection circuit 8nsure the field breaker is R;@@= 8nsure that all
the "rotections of 8?citation system are in reset condition
AC S-PPL9 *OR P-,PS OPERATION:
!t should be ensured that A6 su""ly to the control "anel of ;') is available from
9T control "anel
COOLIN( *OR (ENERATOR (-IDE .EARIN(:
6heck for the cooling (ater su""ly to the oil coolers and ensure 5*E kg4cm
2
"ressure at the inlet of oil cooler
OIL LEVEL IN (-IDE .EARIN(:
6heck the oil level in guide bearing To" u", if re:uired
.RA4E AND :AC4 S9STE,:
Rotor should not be in &acked "osition $rake must be released
E,ER(ENC9 SLIDE VALVE:
8S3 should be reset
,AINTENANCE S5A*T SEAL POSITION:
#aintenance shaft seal should be in deflated condition
S5A*T SEAL )ATER PRESS-RE:
8nsure that the (ater su""ly at 2*5kg4cm
2
is maintained to the shaft seal

TOP COVER DRAINA(E P-,P:
6heck that the drainage of to" cover (ater through submersible "um"s is
functional
TRANS*OR,ER:
6heck the cooling (ater su""ly to the Generator Transformer
The fire fighting system +s"rinkler, of the GT should be in healthy condition
Transformer cooling oil "um"s should be R;7=
$uchhol1 Relay 6onnection should be intact
;il level in conservator should be normal
6olor of silica gel in breather should be blue to ensure that it is moisture free
!nsulation resistance of (inding and core should be checked
$B3 of oil should be taken The value should be as "er "rescribed limits
S*7 C4T .REA4ER:
6heck that S@E "ressure is normal E kg4cm
2
at +20

6, ;"erating air "ressure is

05 kg4cm
2

EART5IN( S)ITC5 POSITION-O**:
'osition of the earthingearthing s(itch should be ensured as R;@@=
ISOLATOR POSITION-CLOSE:
6heck for satisfactory functioning of isolators in remote and local mode (ith
res"ective breaker in o"en condition !solator should be in closed "osition
.REA4ER POSITION-O**:
$reaker should be in R;@@= "osition
VENTILLATION S9STE,:
@or "ro"er ventilation of the "o(er house"o(erhouse, blo(er fans should be
R;7=
AIR CONDITIONIN( S9STE,:
Air conditioning system should be R;7=
PLCC S9STE,:
#ake sure that the '966 system should be functional
E,ER(ENC9 LI(5TIN(C
8mergency lighting circuit should be functional
D( SET PO)ER:
BG "o(er should be available, if re:uired
*IRE *I(5TIN( S9STE,:
8nsure the "ro"er functioning of the @ire fighting system
SUMMARY OF THE START SE-UENCE
***************************************
"./19 -.*- </,3-)19 +7*2, @*6@/3 *7/ 16)3/+ D 5=2+/ @*,/3 *7/ 16)3/+.
F/<</0? o@ 3/3e</0e a0A Ara@t t2Be @<ooA/0?>
6lose all drain and isolating valve such as draft tube, "enstock, s"iral casing etc
;"en the air release valve of s"iral casing
Slo(ly raise the draft tube gates to o"en the air release "ort and ke"t in this
"osition till the air release is com"leted 9ift the gate in full o"en "osition thereby
filling the draft tube
;"en by"ass of hydraulic drive "enstock gate so that "enstock is flooded (ith
(ater u" to the "enstock gate and (hen "ressure on both sides of the gate
e:uals then o"en the intake gate to full o"en "osition
;"en cooling (ater su""ly valves, isolating valves for turbine bearing oil cooler
etc /hile o"ening the valves, care should be taken to o"en them slo(ly
Release air from generator air cooler
;"en the (ater su""ly valve to shaft sealing The "ressure should be bet(een 2
to 5 kg4cm
2
6are is to be taken to see that "ressure in the sealing should be
more than the "ressure belo( the sealing
OBer"t#on of te &o<ernor:
6heck the oil level and oil "ressure in the governor oil "ressure accumulator The
"ressure in the accumulator should be .0 kg4cm
2

Ens=re ";; Pre-st"rt cecCs >efore st"rt#n& te =n#t.Te=n#t. Te re;"D %#c
#n$#c"tes t"t te =n#t #s re"$D for st"rt %#;; >e ener&#Ee$ "n$ =n#t re"$D to st"rt
#n$#c"t#on %#;; "BBe"r on te contro; $esC.
STARTIN( O* ,AC5INE
;"en the guide vane (ith governor in manual mode
After getting <0H s"eed, governor may be s(itched to auto mode
The s(itch auto4manual in A3R should be in auto mode
The local remote selector should be in remote "osition
The generator start4sto" control s(itch is turned to start "osition
The e?citation circuit breaker 4field circuit +76, breaker (ill close manually by
field circuit breaker control s(itch on control desk and voltage built u" (ill reach
u" to a "reset level of 00 %k3
The s"eed of machine vi1 the fre:uency of the incoming machines can be
ad&usted (ith the hel" of control s(itch meant for that installed on the control
desk
The incoming voltage of the generator can be ad&usted (ith the hel" of control
s(itch meant for that installed on the control desk
The generator is no( ready for synchroni1ation
SYNCHRONICATION OF MACHINE
/hen the machine has built u" the re:uired voltage and its fre:uency is 50 H1,
synchroni1ation can be done (ith the hel" of synchroni1ation s(itch The
synchroni1ation can be done in t(o (ays
#anual Synchroni1ing
Auto synchroni1ing
,AN-AL S9NC5RONIFIN( 6C=rrent;D on;D !"n="; sDn.#s tere)
%ee" the Guide vane limiter to a""? 50HS(itch the synchroni1ing s(itch to
main4check "osition
Ad&ust the generation voltage and match it (ith running voltage through s(itch
voltage level control for A3R on the control desk The incoming voltage +machine
voltage, should be slightly higher than running voltage system Turn
synchronosco"e s(itch on synchroni1ing "anel to R;7= "osition !t (ill bring
synchronosco"e in the circuit The movements of synchronosco"e needle in
clock(ise or anticlock(ise direction (ill indicate (hether machine is fast or
slo(er than the system
!ncrease or decrease s"eed of machine by o"erating s(itch +s"eed "o(er
control s(itch, and match the s"eed of the machine (ith grid 8nsure that the
synchrosco"e needle is moving very slo(ly clock(ise /ait for one or t(o
rotations of synchrosco"e needle 6arefully (atch the clock(ise movement of
synchrosco"e needle %ee" the left hand on breaker control s(itch and right
hand on s"eed controller
Buring the clock(ise movement of synchrosco"e needle (hen it is at a "osition
+very near to 02 o=clock "osition,, fli" the breaker control s(itch to close "osition
This (ill synchroni1e the machine (ith the grid
Suickly take some load by giving short fli"s of s"eed controller to(ards increase
side Belay in this o"eration may cause the motoring action of the machine
7ever close the main breaker of the machine in hurry /ait for ne?t rotation
delaying the ne?t o"eration 7ever try to close the breaker (hen synchrosco"e
needle is moving fast in the clock (ise direction 7ever try to close the breaker
(hen the needle is very near to 02 ;=clock "osition but have a tendency to move
anti clock(ise Ea.h Dro0? 5E0.hro0/F/0? ?/Ge5 a B/? Her= to the 4a.h/0e6
Dh/.h /5 har4@2< to the 4a.h/0e.
S(itch off the synchrosco"e 6hange synchroni1ing s(itch to off "osition Set
load on the machine according to declared ca"acity #3AR sharing of the
machine can be varied through voltage level controller s(itch
/hen the machine is synchroni1ed, shift all the au?iliaries of the machine from
station service transformer to unit au?iliaries= transformer
7ote do(n the synchroni1ing time
STOPPING SE-UENCE
************************
!n case one unit has to be sto""ed then it should be ensured that the
actual generation does not deviate from scheduled generation + /ithin I5H in a
time block,7o )! "enalty should be im"osed !f s(itching of generation from one
unit to other first synchroni1e the other unit and then sto" the running machine so
as not to lose any )! charges due to delay in synchroni1ing the other unit!f
s(itching off the unit due to less inflo( get the schedule a""roved from 7R9B6
F)66);2,5 3/E=/,1/ 3.*66 :/ 4)66);/+ 4)7 3-)<<2,5 -./ =,2- ;./, 7=,,2,5 ), 6)*+.
0, Reduce the out"ut of generator slo(ly till it is almost 1ero +at least 5 #/,
2, Tri" H36$
5, Tri" field circuit breaker and the closing of guide vanes starts
., Guide vanes close and the machine retards
5, 8nsure HS lubrication "um" starts at 50H s"eed+7ormally in Auto,
E, 8nsure brakes are a""lied after start of HS "um"+7ormally in Auto,
C, $rake dust collector to be started if not in auto
<, #achine comes to stand still
-, HS 9ubrication "um""um" sto"s
00, Generator brakes released
00, $rake dust collector to be sto""ed if not in auto
02, Shut off cooling (ater su""ly to stator, generator transformers and
bearings$earings+!f unit to be sto""ed for more than 2 hours,
05, Shut off inter "ad cooling system+!f running,
0., 8ngage G3Guide vane lock+!f unit to be closed for long "eriod,
05, #ake a record of time of o"ening of Generator 6$circuit breaker and
sto""ing of
machine
0E, 6lose "enstock gate (hen either leakage from guide vanes is e?"ected or
the unit has to be closed for long "eriod
TRIPPING OF MACHINE ON FAULT
***********************************
0, 0 'rotection relay o"erates leading to o"eration of Tri" Relay
2, 2 Generator 6$ is o"ened
5, 5 Generator @ield breaker is o"ened
., . 6losing command is given to guide vanes and inlet "enstock gates+in
case of 8lectrical 9ock*out and S4B tri",
5, 5 Sto" se:uence starts as in case of manual sto""ing of the machine
E, E 7ote do(n the o"erated "rotection relays, flags after ensuring that
machine has sto""ed
C, CTake "rint out of Se:uential 8vent Recorder48vent 9ogger +S8R489, and
record the tri""ingthe tri""ing time
<, <!n case of tri""ing of lines, communicate (ith remote end and get
information about o"eration of relays at receiving end Also take "rint out of
@ault Bisturbance Recorder +BR,
-, -!ntimate maintenance staff giving as much detail as kno(n
00,00Analy1e the fault as to ascertain the cause of tri""ing
00, 00 're"are unit for re*starting after rectification of faults
02,02 Shift !ncharge!n charge to "re"are tri""ing re"ort as "er format and
send as "er the mailing list
05,05 $reakdo(n re"ort4 Restoration and analysis re"ort to be send by
!ncharge!n charge +8lectrical #aint, as "er format
!n case of tri""ing of machine it should be ensured that )! "enalty should
be minimumTakeminimum Take revision of schedule if it is e?"ected that the
fault cannot be rectified immediatelyTheimmediately The revision is effective
from the .
th
time block (hen revision is sendt, so revision should be sendt
immediately
RESTARTING OF MACHINE AFTER PROLONGED SHUT
DOWN/MAINTENANCE
****************************************************************
The follo(ing checks have to be made (hen the machine is to be started after
"rolonged shut do(n
0,The insulation resistance and "olari1ation inde? values of the stator and rotor
shall be checked The !R value of each "hase of stator (inding should be
com"ared (ith the commissioning values and '! values should be e:ual to or
greater than 2 +t(o, The rotor !R value should be 5 +five, mega ohm (hen
measured at sli" rings after removing the brushes !f the !R and '! values are
lo(, the machine must be "ut on dry run
2, !f the machine is being run after annual maintenance or long "eriod of
shutdo(n the machine should be "ut on mechanical run for at least 02 hours !R
and '! to be checked after dry run and if !R4'! readings found ;% +clearance
from maintenance, then machine can be synchroni1ed
5, !f machine is run after maintenance then s"eed should be increased slo(ly in
ste"s 3ibration at TG$4GG$ should be continuously monitored along(ith
bearing tem"eratures !n case of any shar" rise of bearing tem"erature 4 sudden
increase of vibration or abnormal noise4smell from machine, immediately sto" the
machine Biagnose the fault before starting machine
2.,The bearing oil4;') ;il has to be circulated through centrifuge for at least 2.
hours
55,6heck the o"eration of brakes
.E, 6leaning of governor oil filter to be "erformed
5C, Air removal from coolers by "assing (ater for t(o hours
E<, Start the HS "um" before rotating the machine
INSTRUCTIONS FOR NORMAL OPERATION OF UNITS
******************************************************
T #achine should be run as "er the schedule a""roved by 7R9B6 and any
variation in load shall be done as "er the revised schedule
T#onitor all "arameters of the unit, feeders, grid conditions and au?iliaries
T 6heck that no alarm is a""earing on the alarm facia of each machine4feeder
T 8nsure that the B6 su""ly through distribution board is available to all the
control and annunciation "anel of the running machine and in no case (ill it be
s(itched off
T /hile generating active "o(er, due consideration for generation of reactive
"o(er may also be given de"ending u"on the system conditions but should not
be e?ceeded beyond the "ermissible limits of the stator current +25E2 A for rated
"o(er at 0-0 "f lag, and rotor current +-00 A at rated load,
T Any annunciation a""earing on the "anel shall be acce"ted and recorded
before resetting !n case of non*resetting of the annunciation, remedial measures
must be taken to rectify the fault before tri""ing of the machine
T 8nsure that any e:ui"ment under maintenance has a (arning board
PBA7G8R4#87 AT /;R%Q hung on to avoid any o"eration by mistake'T/
should be given before "erforming any maintenance (ork in machine
TAll "arameters of the machine and feeder on hourly basis as "er format must
be recorded during each shift and signed
T/ater :uality should be monitored , es"ecially during monsoon "eriod !f silt
level above 5500 ""m intimate Shift 6oordinator4 H;B+;"erations,
T/ater level at forebay should be constantly monitored and sudden variations in
levels should not be allo(edThe level should be ke"t bet(een 2.E0m to 2.E2
m
T!n order to avoid im"osition of )! "enalty the actual generation should be ke"t
(ithin I 5H of scheduled generation for a block of 05 minutes and (ithin I0H for
the (hole day
7oteM The o"erating regime of the generating units are enclosed along(ith
detailed chart of values for im"ortant o"eration "arameters
SCHEDULING OF POWER
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
The scheduling of "o(er is regulated by 68R64R8$4R9B64!8G6
regulations4notificationsThis has to be read (ith the "rovisions of the !ndian
8lectricity Grid 6odeThe methodology of scheduling and calculating ca"acity
inde? shall be as underM
i The generator shall make an advance declaration of ca"acity of its
generating station The declaration shall be for that ca"acity (hich can be
actually made available for a "eriod of time not less than 5 hours (ithin a 2.
hours "eriod for "ondage and storage ty"e of stations and for the entire day for
"urely run*of*river ty"e stations
ii The generator shall intimate the declared ca"acity +#/,, for the ne?t day,
either as one figure for the (hole day or different figures for different "eriods of
the day along (ith ma?imum available ca"acity +#/, and total energy +#/h, e?*
bus to the Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre
The declaration should also include limitation on generation during s"ecific
time "eriods, if any, on account of restriction+s, on (ater use due to irrigation,
drinking (ater, industrial, environmental considerations etc
iii /hile making or revising his declaration of ca"ability, the generator shall
ensure that the declared ca"acity during "eak hours is not less than that during
other hours Ho(ever, e?ce"tion to this rule shall be allo(ed in case of
tri""ing4re*synchronisation of units as a result of forced outage of units
iv Generation scheduling shall be done in accordance (ith the o"erating
"rocedure, as sti"ulated in the !ndian 8lectricity Grid 6ode
v $ased on the declaration of the generator, the Regional 9oad Bis"atch
center shall communicate their shares to the beneficiaries out of (hich they shall
give their re:uisitions
vi $ased on the re:uisitions given by the beneficiaries and taking into
account technical limitations on varying the generation and also taking account
transmission system constraints, if any the Regional load dis"atch center shall
"re"are the economically o"timal generation schedules and dra(al schedules
and communicate the same to the generator and the beneficiaries
The Regional load dis"atch center shall formulate the "rocedure for meeting
contingencies both in the long run and in the short run +Baily scheduling,
vii The scheduled generation and actual generation shall be e?*bus at the
generating station @or beneficiaries, the scheduled and actual net dra(als shall
be at their res"ective receiving "oints
viii @or calculating the net dra(al schedules of beneficiaries, the transmission
losses shall a""ortioned to their dra(al schedule for the time being Ho(ever, a
refinement may be s"ecified by the commission future ,de"ending u"on the
"re"aredness of the res"ective Regional load dis"atch center
i? !n case of forced outage of a unit, the Regional 9oad Bis"atch 6entre
shall revise the schedules on the basis of revised declared ca"ability The revised
declared ca"ability and the revised schedules shall become effective from the .th
time block, counting the time block in (hich the revision is advised by the
generator to be the first one
? !n the event of bottleneck in evacuation of "o(er due to any constraint,
outage, failure or limitation in the transmission system, associated s(itchyard
and sub* stations o(ned by the 6entral Transmission )tility or any other
transmission licensee involved in inter*state transmission +as certified by the
Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre, necessitating reduction in generation, the
Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre shall revise the schedules (hich shall become
effective from the .th time block, counting the time block in (hich the bottleneck
in evacuation of "o(er has taken "lace to be the first one Also, during the first,
second and third time blocks of such an event, the scheduled generation of the
generating station shall be deemed to have been revised to be e:ual to actual
generation, and the scheduled dra(als of the beneficiaries shall be deemed to
have been revised to be e:ual to their actual dra(als
?i !n case of any grid disturbance, scheduled generation of all the generating
stations and scheduled dra(al of all the beneficiaries shall be deemed to have
been revised to be e:ual to their actual generation4dra(al for all the time blocks
affected by the grid disturbance 6ertification of grid disturbance and its duration
shall be done by the Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre
?ii Revision of declared ca"ability by the generator+s, and re:uisition by
beneficiary+ies, for the remaining "eriod of the day shall also be "ermitted (ith
advance notice Revised schedules4declared ca"ability in such cases shall
become effective from the Eth time block, counting the time block in (hich the
re:uest for revision has been received in the Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre to
be the first one
?iii !f, at any "oint of time, the Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre observes that
there is need for revision of the schedules in the interest of better system
o"eration, it may do so on its o(n and in such cases, the revised schedules shall
become effective from the .th time block, counting the time block in (hich the
revised schedule is issued by the Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre to be the first
one
?iv Generation schedules and dra(al schedules issued4revised by the
Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entre shall become effective from designated time
block irres"ective of communication success
?v @or any revision of schedules generation,including "ost facto deemed
revision,there shall be a corres"onding revision of scheduled dra(als of the
beneficiaries
?vi A "rocedure for recording the communication regarding changes to
schedules duly taking into account the time factor shall be evolved by the central
transmission utility
?vii 'urely run*of*river "o(er stations since variation of generation in such
stations may lead to s"illage shall be treated as must run stations The ma?imum
available ca"acity, duly into account the over load ca"ability, must be e:ual to or
greater then that re:uired to make full use of available (ater
?viii Run*of*river "o(er station (ith "ondage and storage ty"e "o(er stations
These hydro stations are designed to o"erate during "eak hours to meet
system "eak demand #a?imum available ca"acity of the station declared for
the day shall be e:ual to the installed ca"acity including overload ca"ability,
minus au?iliary consum"tion and transformation losses, corrected for the
reservoir level The Regional 9oad Bes"atch 6entres shall ensure that
generation schedules of such ty"e of stations are "re"ared and the stations
dis"atched for o"timum utili1ation of available hydro energy e?ce"t in the event
of s"ecific system re:uirements4constraints
EMERGENCY CONDITIONS
***************************
%" I@ @/re /5 /0 the 4a.h/0e or Tra05@or4er
Give sto" command
Release 6;
2
or (ater through mulsi fire system as "er the "rovision
!ntimate fire station
!ntimate ;"eration !n charge4'ro&ect Head
Try to isolate other e:ui"ment from the source of fire
*" F<ooA/0? o@ PoDer Ho25e
Raise Alarm
!ntimate ;"eration !n charge4'ro&ect Head
Try to sto" the source of leakage (ater
!f the leakage is from the machine immediately close the intake gate after
o"ening the generator circuit breaker and giving sto" command to the machine
;"en the interconnection valve of drainage and de(atering "it
8nsure that 'o(er Su""ly to Brainage G Be(atering "um"s is not shut do(n
Run the available drainage 4 de(atering "um"s or any other available "um"s to
"um" out the (ater
:" AB0or4a< ,/Brat/o0
!ntimate ;"eration !n charge
!f sudden increase of vibration+even though vibration level is lo(, and4or vibration
level is above 200 microns +"eak*to*"eak, +radial vibration measured at TG$ and
GG$, inform maintenance!n case of abnormal noise and rising trend of bearing
tem"erature immediately sto" the machine
OPERATING REGIME
**********************
ALLOWABLE OPERATING REGIMES OF HYDRO GENERATORS
The generator is designed to o"erate electrically and mechanically (ithin the
"rescribed limits given belo( Adherence to these limits (ill ensure ma?imum life
of the machine
The ?e0erator .a3aB/</tE .2rGeSee A00eI. (" "rovides the o"erating regime of
generator
,o<ta?e
Generator can develo" ma?imum out"ut at rated "f (ith "ermissible change in
voltage (ithin I4* 5H of the rated value
Fre12e0.E
;"eration of generator at rated fre:uency beyond I4* 5H of rated value is not
"ermitted
PoDer Fa.tor
The generator is allo(ed to o"erate continuously at lagging "f "rovided the rotor
current doesn=t e?ceed its rated value+-00 A at rated load,
Coo</0? a/r te43erat2re
;"eration of generator (ith cooling air tem"erature e?ceeding .0 6 is not
allo(ed e?ce"t (hen the machine is under dry out ;"eration of generator at a
cooling tem"erature less than 00 6 is not "ermissible as "er manufacturer=s
instructions
U0Ba<a0.eA <oaA/0?
Buring unbalanced loading of the generator, the current in any "hase should not
e?ceed the rated current and the ratio of the negative se:uence com"onents of
the system of currents to the rated current should not e?ceed <H
A5E0.hro0o25 o3erat/o0
Asynchronous o"eration of the generator is not allo(ed !f it ha""ens, it should
be disconnected from the bus bar at once as in case of emergency
,/Brat/o0
Allo(able vibration "eak*to*"eak dis"lacement of different generator
com"onents in radial direction during une?cited condition at rated s"eed is as
follo(sM
S.No. P<a.e o@ 4ea52re4e0t A<<oDaB<e ,/Brat/o0
0 Thrust bearing bracket 005 mm
2 Sli"*rings 05+Thro(, mm
Re.o44e0AeA 5ett/0? o@ Gar/o25 DeG/.e5 A5 3er OEM"
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
0 Hot Air Thermometer alarm contact C06
2 Hot Air Thermometer shutdo(n contact <06
5 Thrust "ad dial Thermometer alarm contact C56
. Guide "ad dial Thermometer alarm contact C56
5 Thrust "ad Thermometer shutdo(n contact <56
E Guide "ad Thermometer shutdo(n contact <56
C Thrust bearing oil Thermometer alarm contact E06
< Thrust bearing oil Thermometer shut do(n contact C06
- 'ressure gauge for HS lub system Rinterlock contact= C5 %g4cm
2
00 'ressure s(itch for HS lub system Rinterlock contact= C5 %g4cm
2
00 6;2 fi?ed tem"erature thermostat -06
NoteM The aActual settings shallould be on lo(er side de"ending on unit
conditionsbe ke"t belo( above limit but may differ bet(een t(o units de"ending
u"on unit characteristic and condition
OPU Re<ateA O3erat/o0 Para4eter5
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
S.No. DeG/.e Para4eter U0/t!I U0/t!II U0/t!III
ALARM TRIP ALARM TRIP ALARM TRIP
0 C0 G*. ;il Receiver
9evel High
9evel
s(itch*
High
9evel
s(itch*
High
9evel
s(itch*
High
2 C0 G*5 ;il Receiver
9evel 9o(
9evel
s(itch*
9o(
9evel
s(itch*
9o(
9evel
s(itch*
9o(
5 E5 G*
2aG
E5 G
2b
;') ;il
"ressure
very lo(
50 505 50 505 50 505
. 25 G*E ;il sum"
tem" High
E56 E56 E56
5 C0 G*2 ;!l level in
sum" tank
9o(
level
9o(
level
9o(
level
E E5 G*
0a
#4c starting
interlock
make contact at
G belo( 5C5
kg4cm2
make contact at
G belo( 5C5
kg4cm2
make contact at
G belo( 5C5
kg4cm2
C Safety valve
setting
.. kg4cm2 .. kg4cm2 .. kg4cm2
OPERATION PARAMETERS
****************************
S.No. O3erat/o0 Para4eter Nor4a< ,a<2e MaI. Per4/55/B<e </4/t7
A<ar4 ,a<2e7Tr/3 ,a<2e
0 Stator /inding Tem"erature -0 6 020 6
2 Rotor /inding Tem"erature -5 6 025 6
5 Generation 3oltage 00 k3 00 k3+I4*, 5H
. Generation 6urrent 0<50 A 25E2+0-0 9agging '@,
5 @ield 3oltage 5.0 3
E @ield 6urrent -00 A at rated
load
550 A at no load G
rated voltage
C @re:uency 5000 H1 50 H1+I4*, 5H
- Generator S"eed 05E. r"m 05E. r"m +I4*, 5 H +normal,
005H s"eed* )nit tri""ing
055H s"eed D 8lect
;vers"eed tri"
050H s"eed* #ech
;vers"eed tri"
2<0 r"m* runa(ay+ on*cam,
5C0 r"m runa(ay +off*cam,
00 'o(er @actor 0- lagging
00 $rake o"erating air "ressure 5 kg4cm2 C kg4cm2+#a?,
02 $rake a""lication s"eed 50H of Syn
s"eed
C0 r"m +#a?,
05 >acking ;il "ressure <5 bar
0. 6ooling (ater "ressure C kg4cm2
05 #3AR*Generator .< #3AR 0. #3AR
0E Gen Air4 ;il circulating
cooling (ater inlet tem"
20*556
+de"ending on
(eather,
0C Gen Air4 ;il circulating
cooling (ater outlet tem"
50*.5 6
+de"ending on
(eather G load,
0< Gen Air4 ;il circulating
cooling (ater inlet "ressure
5*Ekg4cm2 C kg4cm2+ma?,
5 kg4cm2+min,
0- Shaft seal cooling (ater
"ressure
2*5 kg4cm2
20 Thyristor convertor bridge
current
200*250 A
S.No. O3erat/o0 Para4eter Nor4a< ,a<2e MaI. Per4/55/B<e </4/t7
A<ar4 ,a<2e7Tr/3 ,a<2e
20 Runner blade angle +, Be"ends on load
G guide vane
o"ening
Range of movementU205
22 Governor ;il "ressure 0<*20 kg4cm2 05 kg4cm2+min
recomended,
25 SST /inding Tem"erature 50*E0 6 <0 6
2. SST ;il Tem"erature 50*55 6 C0 6
25 )AT /inding Tem"erature 50*E0 6 <0 6
2E )AT ;il Tem"erature 50*55 6 C0 6
2C 2204052 k3 Auto transformer*
/inding Tem"erature
50*E0 6 <0 6
2< 2204052 k3 Auto transformer*
;il Tem"erature
50*55 6 C0 6
2- 9ine 6urrent+6$*Gan&*!4!!, 0.0 A49ine 2<0 A
50 9ine Active 'o(er +6$*Gan&*
!4!!,
.< #/ -E #/
50 9ine Reactive 'o(er +6$*
Gan&*!4!!,
5 #3AR49ine .0 #3AR
52 9ine 3oltage +6$*Gan&*!4!!, 220 k3 2.5 k3+#a?,4200k3+#in,
55 9ine 6urrent+7e"al feeder, 2< A -< A
5. 9ine Active 'o(er +7e"al
feeder,
0*520 #/ 20 50 #/
55 9ine Reactive 'o(er +7e"al
feeder,
25 #3AR -5 #3AR
5E 9ine 3oltage +7e"al feeder, 052 k3 0.5 %kv3+#a?,4020
%vk3+#in,
5C /ater level +$arrage, 2.EC m
5< /ater 9evel +@orebay, 2.E0 m*2.E2 m 2.E. m+$ye*"ass,
5- /ater level + TR6, 220*225 m de"ends on generation+7o
of units running,
.0 Bischarge+ Sharda River, )"to 050000
cusecs +flood,
.0 Bischarge +Head Regulator, 20000 +ma?,
cusec
de"ends on load
.2 Silt in ""m 000*0000 ""m*
Summer4/inter
0000*5500 ""m*
Rainy Season
5000 ""m ma?
S.No. O3erat/o0 Para4eter Nor4a< ,a<2e MaI. Per4/55/B<e </4/t7
A<ar4 ,a<2e7Tr/3 ,a<2e
.5 H' 'ressure Receiver .0*.2 kg4cm2 .. kg4cm2
.. 9' 'ressure Receiver E*C kg4cm2
.5 9' Station Receiver E*C kg4cm2
.E /ater "ressure in s"iral
casing
2*5 kg4cm2 .C kg4cm2+ma?,
.C /ater "ressure 4 vacuum
belo( to" cover
*0 to I0 kg4cm2
.< Shaft gland (ater "ressure 2*5 kg4cm2
.- 220 3 B6B$ 9oad 3oltage 220 3 220 3I* 00H
50 220 3 B6B$ 9oad 6urrent 25 A .0 A
50 220 3 B6B$ $attery 3oltage 220 3 220 3I* 00H
52 220 3 B6B$ $attery 6urrent 25 A .0 A
55 #a? guide vane o"ening +, Be"ends on load )"to .E2 G guide vane
servomotor movement UEE0
mm
5. /orking air "ressure of
isolating seal
50* 50 kg4cm2 E0 kg4cm2+#a?,
55 #a? Runner blade o"ening Be"ends on load @rom D <2 to I050
degrees Servomotor
movement U 005 mm
PROTECTI,E DE,ICES
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
0 MAIN RELAYS IN POWER HOUSE
The tri""ing circuits of Generators are of three ty"es namely
A 8lectrical S4B G 9ock*out 6ircuits
$ 7on 8lectrical S4B G 9ock*out 6ircuit
6 7on 9ock*out 6ircuits
A. E<e.tr/.a< S7D J Lo.=!o2t C/r.2/t5
The Generator due toin case of ma&or 8electrical faults is tri""ed through relay
<EA The tri""ing of this relay is accom"anied due to (ith the tri""ing of any one
or more of the follo(ing relays
DESCRIPTION RELAY
0 Gen field fail 'rotection (ith )43 .0G42CF

2 Reverse "o(er 'rotection 5CF
5 Gen s"ilt "hase diff'rotection <CSA4$46
. Generator stator main 84@ "rotection E.G!
5 Generator Transformer ;verall Biff "rotection <CGT
E Generator*Transformer H3 R8@ 'rotn E.RHv
C Generator*Transformer H3 )n8@ "rotn 4Gen over flu? "rotn 507F4--T
< Gen Transformer $uchh, no oil flo( G no (ater flo( "rotn 50A4$,50%49
- 8mergency shutdo(n <E$
00 Gen Transformer on fire4Gen on fire E.GF
00 Gen Biff "rotn <CGF
02 8?citation TR ;46 'rotnTri" Stage04Stage!! %2204%22.
05 )AT $uchh Tri" Au? 050A
0. )AT ;46 "rotn 50450A$6
05 )AT R8@ "rotn E.R
0E Genlink line Biff "rotn <C9A4$46
0C Generator 84@ "rotn E.@
0< 9$$ "rotn 50Z
0- 3oltage balance scheme 0E0A4$46
The o"eration of this relay is due to electric faults and tri""ing of
this relay causes the tri""ing of #ain 6ircuit $reaker, @ield circuit breaker and )nit
Au?iliary Transformer $reaker The o"eration of this relay initiates shuts do(n
se:uence of the unit and energisesenergies emergency shutdo(n relay+<E$,
B. No0!E<e.tr/.a< S7D J Lo.= o2t Tr/33/0? C/r.2/t5
The tri""ing due to the!n case mechanical faults, cause 7on*8lectrical 9ock out
is initiated through o"eration of relay no <E$ This tri""ing causes o"ening of
#ain Generator 6ircuit breaker ,@ield 6$ and 9T breaker of )nit Au?iliary
transformer and shuts do(n the unit The machine is sto""ed!tsto""ed !t
o"erates controlled action shutdo(n relay+<EA, The detailed causes of tri""ing
along (ith relays "laced in )6$ are as follo(sM
DESCRIPTION RELAY
0 Turbine guide bearing Tem"very high 5<T$*TF
2 Gen Guide bearing Tem" very high 5<G$*TF
5 Gen thrust guide bearing Tem" very high 5<TH*TF
. Gen air cooler inlet air tem"very high .-AH*TF
5 Gen Tr (dg Tem" very high 50@
E Gen Tr oil tem" very high 50B
C Governor oil "ress )nit oil "ress 3ery lo( E5G*2F
< )nit over s"eed 8lect4#echs"eed 02F5AF402#F
- Governor failure 2G@T
00 6ontrolled action shutdo(n <EA
C. E<e.t.No0!Lo.= o2t Tr/3
This tri""ing is caused through relay 7o <E6 !n this tri""ing, the #ain Generator
6ircuit breaker and )nit Au?iliary 9T breaker is tri""ed 'enstock gate is not
closed The machine kee"s on s"inning on no*load (ith guide vane in o"ening
"osition This tri""ing is caused due to o"eration of follo(ingM relaysM
DESCRIPTION RELAY
0 Gen $acku" !m" "rotn 20A$4$646A
2 Gen over voltage "rotn 5-B!
5 Gen Dve 'h se:uence "rotn .ET4A
5 Genloss of field "rotn .0G
E 7o load Tri""ing "rotn 579T
< 8?citation TR ;46 instantaneous %20-
- $us bar "rotn 6ontact -E
TROUBLE SHOOTING
**********************
The tri""ing of machine can be initiated due to fault in the turbine, generator,
au?iliaries or grid ;n receiving the tri" command the follo(ing se:uence is
initiatedM *
+i, Generator 6*$ o"ened
+ii, Generator field breaker o"ened
+iii, 6losing command is given to guide vanes
+iv, Sto" se:uence is initiated
After the tri""ing it is mandatory to check4note the o"erated "rotection relays and
take a "rint out of the se:uential event recorder !n the event of tri""ing of lines,
data about the o"eration of relays at the receiving end and the disturbance
recorder "rint out are also re:uired The maintenance staff is "rovided (ith all the
above details to enable them to analyse the "roblem and take remedial action
The various ty"es of faults in some com"onents are described belo(M *
TURBINE>

The follo(ing chart "rovides a guide to fault diagnosis (ith "robable cause and
"ro"osed rectification actionM *
De@e.t ProBaB<e .a25e Re.t/@/.at/o0
Guide vanes slo( to
o"erate
9o( hydraulic "ressure
Servomotor leakage
;il tem"erature too lo(
;il viscosity too high
6heck "erformance of
hydraulic "o(er unit
Re"lace hydraulic "um"
if necessary
Re"lace hydraulic servo
motor seals
6heck oil tem"erature
4take remedial action
@ilter oil !f necessary,
change oil to a lo(er
viscosity
>erky o"eration of
hydraulic servomotor
Air in servomotor
Tight servomotor
bearings or seals
$leed hydraulic system
6lean 4re"lace hydraulic
servomotor seals if
necessary
7oisy o"eration of
servomotor
9oose trunnion
mountings and4or "ivot
bearings
6heck trunnion mounting
for security and restore
the tolerances as
re:uired
Hydraulic servomotor not
cushioning correctly
6ushion re:uires
ad&ustment
6ushion housing
damaged
Ad&ust cushion
Re"air4re"lace hydraulic
cushion
Scored hydraulic
servomotor rod
@oreign matter in bearing
or gland seal
Bamaged (i"er seal
Birty hydraulic oil
Remove bearing and
seal 6lean bearing and
re"lace seal if necessary
Re"lace (i"er seal
6lean hydraulic
servomotor, filter oil, and
change oil if necessary
Scored hydraulic
servomotor bore
@oreign matter in "iston
bearings and seal
Birty hydraulic oil
6lean 4re"lace bearings
and seals, filter oil
@ilter oil, clean oil,
6hange fluid and oil
filters
;il leakage from
hydraulic servomotor
gland seal
/orn or damaged seal Re"lace seal, check rod
for scores, dents, etc
Rectify damage to
cylinder rod, clean oil
Guide vane mechanism
(ill not cycle
;bstruction inside guide
vane assembly
Guide vanes incorrectly
aligned
Regulating ring &ammed
or sei1ed
6lear all obstructions
6heck alignment
6heck regulating ring for
damage and re"air if
found damaged
!ndividual guide vane not ;bstruction in guide vane 6lear all obstructions
cycling assembly
Guide vane lever is loose 6heck G3 key and
guide vane alignment
Runner not rotating ;bstruction in turbine
runner case
Turbine4Generator
misalignment
$lockage to runner
6lear all obstructions
6heck alignment
6heck runner clearance
8?cessive vibration ;"erating outside of the
normal o"erating
Penvelo"eQ
Guide vanes have
sli""ed
Rotating element out of
balance
;bstruction in turbine
(ater(ays
$earing failure
Turbine misalignment
$earing housing or shaft
flanged fasteners failed
6heck o"erating
"arameters related to
balancing
6heck G 3=s alignment
6heck rotating mass
balance
6lear obstructions
Re"air 4re"lace bearing
6heck alignment
6heck for failed or loose
fasteners
8?cessive noise by
turbine
;"erating outside of the
normal o"erating
Penvelo"eQ
+cavitation sounds like
gravel in turbine,
Guide vane sli""ed
Rotating element out of
balance
9oose "arts or fasteners
6heck o"erating
"arameters related to
balancing
6heck G3=s alignment
6heck rotating mass
balance
6heck for failed or loose
fasteners
OPU>
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
The follo(ing chart "rovides a guide to fault diagnosis (ith "robable cause and
"ro"osed rectification actionM *
De@e.t ProBaB<e .a25e Re.t/@/.at/o0
9o( hydraulic reservoir
oil level
Hydraulic installation
leaking
!ndication fault
6heck com"lete hydraulic
installation for leak (ith
system "ressuri1ed
Rectify leakage G clean u"
any s"lit hydraulic fluid
Re"lenish hydraulic reservoir
6heck o"eration of level
s(itches
High oil tem"erature 6ontrol system
hunting4oscillating
Hydraulic "um"
overheating
6heck solenoid valves are
not hunting
They can generate heat in
the oil system as oil crosses
the control valve lands
Re"lace defective hydraulic
"um" as necessary
Hydraulic "ressure too
high
!ndication fault
Hydraulic "ressure
high on "ressure
gauge
6heck hydraulic "ressure on
gauge, if "ressure is normal2
check that "ressure s(itch is
ad&usted to the correct
"ressure
!f hydraulic "ressure on
gauge is above re:uired
"ressure, check that
unloading valve is correctly
ad&usted
Hydraulic services slo(
or &erky in o"eration
Air in system 6heck hydraulic "ressure is
normal
$leed com"lete hydraulic
installation
Guide vane PAutoQ
hydraulic circuit fails to
o"erate
Befective solenoid
valve
8nsure that hydraulic
"ressure is normal
Re"lace defective solenoid
Guide vane fails to close
and o"en in manual
Befective solenoid
valve
8nsure that hydraulic
"ressure is normal
Re"lace defective solenoid
Guide vane PStartQ and
Psto"Q hydraulic circuit
fails to o"erate
Befective selector
valve
8nsure that hydraulic
"ressure is normal
6heck that solenoid valve is
energi1ed Re"lace valve if
necessary
COOLING WATER SYSTEM>
De@e.t ProBaB<e .a25e Re.t/@/.at/o0
/ater system high
differential "ressure
$locked strainer
!ndication fault
#anually changeover
strainer duties G clean
strainer
6heck differential
"ressure gauge !f
necessary re"lace or re*
set differential "ressure
s(itch
;verheating (ater "um"
drive motor
$locked air vents
#otor over(orking
/ater "um" P&ammedQ
6lean motor G ensure
that all air ventilation
holes are clear
6heck current
consum"tion is belo(
stated on name"lates
+Am"s,
Stri" (ater "um" G
ins"ected for damage
Re"lace (ater "um" as
necessary
Re"lace drive motor as
necessary
7oisy (ater "um" 9oose assembly
9oose cou"ling
Air in system
/ater "um" P>ammedQ
6heck (ater "um" for
correct assembly G
security
6heck (ater "um"
cou"ling for security
$leed system free of air
Stri" (ater "um" G
ins"ect for damage G
debrisRe"lace (ater
"um" as necessary
Re"lace drive motor as
necessary
/ater system lo( flo(
rate ie P7o*@lo(Q alarm
Air in system
PButyQ strainer blocked
Heat e?changer blocked
!ndication fault
$leed system free of air
Select PstandbyQ strainer
G note any change in
flo( rate 6lean PButyQ
strainer
6lean re"lace heat
e?changer
6heck Ra( (ater flo(
relay G re"lace as
necessary
/ater "um" delivery
"ressure lo(
!ndication fault 8nsure that the
calibration G isolation
valve to "ressure gauge
is correctly selected
8nsure that the "ressure
gauge is bled free of air
Re"lace "ressure gauge
(ith a re*calibrated
gauge
Header tank level lo( @loat o"erated ball valve
stuck
Su""ly cut*off
8?cessive system
leakage
6heck float o"erated ball
valve for correct
o"eration
8nsure the su""ly is
selected ;7 G check that
su""ly line is not blocked
!ns"ect com"lete "otable
(ater system for leakage,
including "ossible
leakage at turbine
bearing oil coolers
Rectify all leaks
immediately
GENERATOR:
The generator is e:ui""ed (ith the follo(ing "rotective devices4relaysM *
+i, Stator earth fault "rotection
+ii, Rotor earth fault "rotection
+iii, Generator differential "rotection
+iv, )nder im"edance "rotection
+v, 7egative "hase se:uence current "rotection
+vi, 9oss of e?citation "rotection
+vii, ;ver voltage "rotection
+viii, Shaft current "rotection
+i?, @re:uency "rotection
+?, Reverse "o(er "rotection
+?i, 7eutral voltage "rotection
+?ii, ;verload "rotection
+?iii, )nit com"uter fault during start4sto" "rotection
Similarly in the transformer the follo(ing "rotections are included
* $lock differential relay
* Restricted earth fault relay
* ;ver flu? relay
* ;ver current relay
* $reaker failure relay, etc
The fault (hich causes a tri" can be indicated either in the control room or in the
unit control "anel
!n case of non*res"onse of any com"onent to the order of start se:uence an
alarm from the ste" time is generated and the sto" se:uence is initiated
A fe( common electrical "rotections "rovided in the generating e:ui"ment are
discussed in briefM *
%.OB5erGat/o0> * Rotor earth fault alarm +on first earth fault, and facia
annunciation
Ca25e5"> 8arthing of "ole coils including e?citations bus bars, etc
Mea52re>

!ns"ection of "ole coils, "ole*coil*ends*holder and e?citation bus bar for
insulation deterioration #easurement of A6 or B6 voltage dro" across the "ole
needs to be carried out !f measured value+s, differ from the value during
commissioning for one or more "oles +normally three consecutive "oles (ill sho(
anomalous reading if the middle "ole is faulty,, then there must be an earth fault
in that "ole
Bo re"air4 re"lacement as is recommended in maintenance manual, recheck the
A6 or B6 voltage dro" across each "ole coil and the !R value of the e?citation
circuit (hen isolated from the e?citation out"ut end !f A6 or B6 voltage dro" and
!R values are found very near the value at the time of commissioning, system
can be "ut back in service
*.OB5erGat/o0>
9oss of e?citation tri""ing4 alarm accom"anied by over s"eeding tri"4 alarm
* 8?citation field breaker tri" 4 alarm
* 8?cessive reactive "o(er
* Generator out"ut "ulsation
* #ain 6$ tri" and other tri"4 alarm
Ca25e5">
9oss of e?citation due to failure of tri""ing of field breaker by accident or by
malfunctioning @ault in the e?citation e:ui"ment leading field current to a
value belo( the set limit
Mea52re>
!ns"ect4 check the e?citation circuit and e:ui"ment com"onents Re"air4
re"lace the faulty "arts if needed 6heck the field breaker, roll the machine
and build the e?citation in manual mode in a small go at a time Run the
machine for some time S(itch over to auto e?citation mode and observe the
e?citation "erformance !f found satisfactory then generator can be
synchroni1ed
:.OB5erGat/o0>
* Stator earth fault tri""ing4 alarm along (ith other tri""ing4 alarm such as
* #6$
* 8lectrical lockout and other tri"4 alarm as "er the loading condition of the
machine
Ca25e5">
Stator coil4 bars insulation layer might be damaged and earthing of the coil4 bar at
a "articular "art or "arts might have occurred
Mea52re>
!ns"ect the stator coils4 bars and over hang !f the fault is severe then burning
"atches near the bars and core +at fault s"ot, can be seen along (ith insulation
burning smell !f the fault is mild, the change in the color shade +near the faulty
"art, is observed
!n this case re"air4 re"lace the faulty coil4 bar, re*check the !R value of the stator
coils !f found ;%, dry out the generator (inding +if necessary, At a""ro"riate
insulation resistance +!R, value of the generator stator coil +each "hase,, the
generator can be "ut back in service
(.OB5erGat/o0>

* Generator differential "rotection tri""ing4 alarm
* #6$ tri""ing
* 8lectrical lockout tri""ing4 alarm and other "rotections that are o"erating
on the same in"ut :uantities +like over current "rotection, and other tri"4
alarm as "er the loading of the machine
Ca25e5>

@ault (ithin the domain of the "rotection +(ithin the range of 6Ts "hysical
location, might have occurred, causing diverting the current +through fault "ath,
or might shift the "hase angle due to fault The domain is mainly the generator
stator (inding and the "rotection is meant to detect "hase to "hase fault only
7ormally the fault (ill be accom"anied by stator earth fault !R bet(een "hases
as (ell as to ground should be measured in all cases of "rotection
Mea52re>
/ithin the domain of the "rotection, thorough ins"ection of the circuit is done
Some times the 6T could be faulty Re"air4 re"lace the faulty com"onent 6heck
the "rotection by "rimary in&ection test limit if found ;%, run the machine to "ut
in service
).OB5erGat/o0>
)nder im"edance "rotection tri"4 alarm follo(ed by other overla" "rotections
and locking tri""ing4 alarm
+This "rotection is used for "rotection of generator against uncleared on the high
voltage bus or grid Also useful (hen the G6$ is o"ened and the stator of the
generator is isolated from grid, $y setting the relay to cover the generator also,
this can "rovide a backu" "rotection to generator Therefore, generator needs to
be checked as (ell
Ca25e5">

* )ndesired fault on the H3 side or failure of "rimary "rotection of generator
and a fault in generator
Mea52re>
6heck the transmission line fault details The chances are that many main
"rotections at our end4 remote end have failed To ensure safe o"eration +the
chances are remote that there (ill be a generator fault,, ins"ect "hysically the
generator=s outgoing bus bars4 link lines for short circuit as (ell tem"orary
shorting Re"air 4 re"lace the faulty com"onent if necessary 6heck the
"rotection for malfunctioning and analy1e4 correct if necessary 6heck the
"rotection by fault simulation !f found ;%, "ut the "rotection in service
&.OB5erGat/o0>
7egative "hase se:uence tri""ing4 alarm follo(ed by other "rotection "rovided
in a ty"ical "rotection design for the generator
Ca25e5">
The "rotection is o"erative (hen there is considerable imbalance of "o(er4
current in the "hases of the generator or (hen there is a broken (ire condition,
generally on the transmission line Bue to imbalance, the negative se:uence
com"onent rotates at t(ice the synchronous s"eed +(ith res"ect to the rotor, in
causing e?tra eddy current losses and thereby additional heating of the rotor is
caused The imbalance also causes "ulsating magnetic flu?es and the une:ual
magnetic "ull bet(een rotor and stator, (hich causes une:ual mechanical forces
acting on the rotor4 shaft
Mea52re>

6heck the causes for unbalance load or the broken (ire condition as
recommended in standard "ractices and set right 6heck the functioning of the
"rotections and if malfunctioning is found, check the cause for malfunctioning
Re"air4 re"lace the faulty com"onent if necessary 6heck the "rotection by fault
simulation !f found ;%, "ut the "rotection in service
#.OB5erGat/o0>
;ver voltage "rotection tri""ing4 alarm follo(ed by lock at tri"
Ca25e5">
High voltage in the grid, either due to load thro(*off or surge in the grid
* @aulty function of A3R
* At the time of high surge there is change in the noise level of generating
machine +The voltage surge can be confirmed from the disturbance
recorder,
Measure: -
The high voltage surge is also accom"anied by some "o(er imbalance Restart
the machine and "ut back in service

!n case there is fault in the A3R +the A3R malfunctioning4 tri""ing and indication
shall confirm, 6heck, analy1e and re"air4 re"lace the faulty com"onent Test the
functioning of the A3R as described in the A3R maintenance manual !f found
;%, "ut back A3R in service
'.OB5erGat/o05>
Shaft current "rotection tri""ing4 alarm
Ca25e5">
@ailure of bearing insulation
Mea52re>
+i, 6heck the insulation "rovided to isolate electrically, the bearing "ad+s,
+it should be as "er the commissioning value or as mentioned in the
maintenance manual, !f necessary re"lacement of the insulation is to
be done
+ii, 6heck the shaft earthing +done through sli" ring, to the a""ro"riate
+lo(, value Take the measure to restore the earthing value as
recorded
+iii, !n case the 6T is faulty re"lace the same
+.OB5erGat/o0>

@re:uency "rotection tri""ing4 alarm Vthe normal o"eration is recommended from
.-5 H1 +lo(er limit, to 505 H1 +u""er limit, fre:uency bondW follo(ed by other
indication as "rovided in the "rotection system
Ca25e5>
+i, @or high fre:uencyM /hen the load demand is less in com"arison to
generation or there may be tri""ing of feeder, the fre:uency of the
generator may go beyond the u""er limit
+ii, @or lo( fre:uencyM /hen the load demand is more than the
generation, the fre:uency (ill di"
Mea52re>
+i, @or higher fre:uencyM !nform the grid controller and reduce generation4
sto" the machine, if tri" is not "rovided 6onfirm the causes of tri""ing
!f it is due to grid disturbance then reset the tri""ing !n case the
"rotections have o"erated due to malfunctioning, analy1e4 re"air4
re"lace the faulty com"onent Test the "rotection and "ut in service

+ii, @or lo( fre:uencyM !n case the "rotection has o"erated due to grid
disturbance, follo( the normal "rocedure to restore !n case the
"rotection has malfunctioned analy1e4 re"air4 re"lace the faulty
com"onent Test the "rotection and if found satisfactory "ut the
"rotection in service
7oteM $oth fre:uency settings are incor"orated in a single relay and the u""er
and lo(er fre:uency limit settings are inde"endent The timers are used for
delaying the tri""ing (hen the fre:uency variations are for a s"ecified short
duration 7o tri""ing is "rovided in most cases
%$.OB5erGat/o0>
Reverse "o(er "rotection tri""ing4 alarm along (ith other indication as "rovided
in the "rotection system

Ca25e5>
Sudden closure of guide vanes under synchroni1ed condition
Mea52re>
6heck the governor thoroughly for its correct o"eration under various running
and loading condition Re"air4 rectify the fault if re:uired Test the o"eration of
governor on off load as recommended in the testing "rocedure !f found ;%, "ut
the governor in service
%%.OB5erGat/o0>

7eutral voltage "rotection tri""ing4 alarm along (ith other indication as "rovided
in the "rotection system
Ca25e5>
The "rotection is basically the stator earth fault "rotection
There are t(o variations of the neutral voltage "rotections
+a, /hen the generator is connected to transformer
+b, /hen the generator is directly connected to the distribution bus
The case R+a,= should be considered, (hich is commonly used in the
generating station of installed ca"acity of several mega(atts
Mea52re>
Same as described in the stator earth fault 6hecking of the malfunctioning of
the "rotection should be done (hen there is no actual earth fault found after
"rotection o"eration !f necessary the re"air4 re"lacement of the faulty
com"onent is done to "ut the "rotection in service
%*.OB5erGat/o0>
9ocal breaker backu" "rotection tri"s along (ith certain other "rimary "rotection
tri"
Ca25e5>
The "rimary "rotection has failed to tri" the generator circuit breaker4 feeder
circuit breaker concerned All the other breakers connected to the same bus must
have tri""ed
Mea52re>
Bo the necessary maintenance of the breaker and ad&ust the various o"erating
"arameters, ensure the correct o"eration by o"erating the breaker for its desired
o"eration Test for the "ole* discre"ancy +in case multi "ole, and for the "hase
discre"ancy of the breaker if found, attend to the same and check the "rotection
again !f the breaker is all right, the "roblem could be any(here in the "rotection
circuit from the "rimary "rotection u" to the breaker tri""ing coil
%:.OB5erGat/o0>
Restricted earth fault tri""ing4 alarm of generator transformer along (ith other
indication as "rovided in the "rotection system
Ca25e5>

The (inding of the generator transformer may be grounded due to insulation
deterioration
Mea52re>
6heck the generator transformer +!R, (inding resistance, magneti1ing current,
etc, !f faulty, re"lace it (ith healthy s"are transformer
%(.OB5erGat/o0>
;ver flu?ing tri""ing4 alarm of transformer along (ith other tri""ing and locking
as "rovided in the "rotection system
Ca25e5>
The transformers are designed to o"erate at certain ma?imum value of the flu?
density in its case /hen it over shoots the value of the ma?imum allo(able flu?
density, the overheating of the core takes "lace and under such conditions if the
transformer is allo(ed to o"erate, fast deterioration of its life takes "lace The
"rotection is used (ith delay timer
Mea52re>
Avoid the o"eration (ith higher e?citation of u""er limit and also (hen the
fre:uency is lo( )nder these conditions (hen alarm starts re"eating, the load
on the transformer is reduced to set a""ro"riate o"erating level
%).OB5erGat/o0>
The fault is observed +during starting of the machine and also during sto""ing of
the machine, by observing the character dis"lay on the front of the 6') board
"resents a sto" code to assist in tracing faults
+i, /hen start command is given by com"uter and instantly fault occurs in this
com"uter then in this case machine is started manually
+ii, /hen machine is running normally and instantly fault occurs in controlling
com"uter then in this case machine (ill tri"
+iii, /hen sto" command is given by com"uter and instantly fault occurs in this
com"uter then in this case machine is sto""ed manually
Ca25e5>
@aults in the com"uter=s common central "arts such as the memory sto" the
system These faults tri" the R)7 relay, the contacts of (hich are available on
the main=s s(itch unit
Mea52re>
- 6leaning all cards
- Tightening of connected cables
- Resetting of relays
Some of the other electrical faults, their causes G measures are described
EKCITATION SYSTEM>
Static e?citation (ith redundant thyristor bridge system is used
/" LoD 4ea52r/0? Go<ta?e a<ar4"
Ca25e>
Su"ervision of the measuring circuit to the voltage regulator has been activated
Mea52re5 >
Automatic change over to the field current regulator (ill take "lace and the
o"eration may continue in this mode of regulation 6heck the fuses to the voltage
measuring transformers Also check the out"ut signal from the voltage measuring
unit
6hange over to voltage regulation is blocked until the fault has been attended
//" LoD 5233<E Go<ta?e tr/33/0?"
Ca25e>
Su"ervision of the su""ly to the converter has beer activated
Mea52re5>
6heck the miniature circuit breaker for synchroni1ation voltage to the trigger
"ulse unit Try closing the miniature circuit breaker !f it tri"s again, there has
been a short*circuit and the circuit must be checked for faults
6heck the #66$ for the ada"ting transformer Try closing it !f it tri"s again,
there has been a short*circuit and the circuit must be checked for faults
!f the e?citation e:ui"ment is su""lied from the generator terminals and the
miniature circuit*breaker for the synchroni1ation voltage has tri""ed, the circuit
must be investigated for faults before starting u" again This due to the fact that
the synchroni1ation voltage dro"s out (hen the machine is dead, and the
breaker can not tri" (hen the machine is not under voltage
6heck the out"ut signal from the trigger "ulse unit
6heck the fuses to the e?citation transformer
///" LoD a2I/</arE Go<ta?e Ge0erator a<ar4"
Ca25e>
The internal su"ervision of the au?iliary "o(er to the measuring board for the
generator voltage has been activated
Mea52re5>
Automatic change*over to field current control is obtained
6heck the miniature circuit*breaker for au?iliary "o(er su""ly to the unit Try
closing the miniature circuit*breaker !f it tri"s again there has been a short*
circuit and the circuit must be checked for faults #easure the internal au?iliary
su""ly of the board
iv, LoD a2I/</arE Go<ta?e ?r/A a<ar4"
6auseM
The internal su"ervision of au?iliary "o(er to the measuring board for the grid
voltage has been activated
#easuresM
6heck the miniature circuit*breaker for au?iliary "o(er su""ly to the unit Try
closing the miniature circuit breaker !f it tri"s again there has been a short*circuit
and the circuit must be checked for faults #easure the internal au?iliary su""ly
of the board
," LoD a2I/<<arE Go<ta?e 523erG/5/o0 20/t a<ar4"
6auseM
The internal su"ervision of the au?illary "o(er to the su"ervision unit has been
activated
#easure
6heck the minature circuit breaker of the unit Try closing it
!f it tri"s again there has been a short circuit and the circuit must be checked for
faults
G/" ThEr/5tor @a2<t a<ar4 a0A 7 or tr/33/0?"
6auseM
The 50 HZ current "ulsation "rotection has been activated on account of a
branch in the thristor bridge not conducting !f the e:ui"ment is fitted (ith a
redundant bridge only an alarm is obtained and o"eration can continue !n case
of a thyrsitor fault occurring in the second bridge as (ell, the machine is tri""ed
#easure
!f the e:ui"ment is "rovided (ith a redundant bridge the machine should be
sto""ed at a suitable moment and the cause of the fault investigated
6heck the fuses in the converter
6heck the trigger "ulse circuits to the thyristors
G//" H/?h te43erat2re eI./tat/o0 tra05@or4er a<ar4 a0A7or tr/33/0?"
6ause M
The transformer=s tem"erature relay has been activated
#easure M
)"on an alarm, reduce the field current to avoid tri""ing /hen high #3AR are in
demand, e?cessive e?citation may be re:uired 6heck that the transformer=s
ambient tem"erature is not abnormally high, and that its ventilation ducts are not
clogged !f the alarm does not cease (ithin 05 minutes, the machine should be
sto""ed and the transformer checked
G///" H/?h Go<ta?e @25e @a/<2re Tr/33/0?"
6ause
High*voltage fuses for the e?citation transformer have tri""ed
#easureM

6heck the high*voltage fuses in the circuit, and re"lace those that have blo(n
#ake sure you first isolate and earth the e:ui"ment in "rescribed manner
6heck the follo(ing (ith regard to any short*circuit damage
* 6ables G bus bars to the transformer
* Transformer
* 6able4bus bars to the converter
* 6onverter
* 6onverter fuses
!n doubtful cases, the circuit should be voltage*tested before starting u" again
AC7DC Co0Gerter 3oDer 5233<E @a/<2re a<ar4 7 tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M * The voltage su"ervision of the A64B6 converter has been activated
#8AS)R8M* !f there is a redundant "o(er su""ly unit an alarm is obtained and
o"eration can continue ;ther(ise tri""ing is initiated 6heck the in"ut and out
voltage of the converter, and the internal fuse
H/?h te43erat2re rotor D/0A/0? a<ar4 7 tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M * The tem"erature in the rotor (inding has risen to a dangerous high
value
#8AS)R8M * /hen the alarm level has been reached the field current should be
decreased to a value that is allo(ed for the machine A high tem"erature can be
due to overloading of the machine for a longer "eriod, incoming cooling air
tem"erature to the generator is too high or that the cooling of the rotor has in
another (ay drastically been deteriorated !f the tem"erature still is over the
alarm level the machine should be sto""ed in a controlled (ay, before tri" level is
reached and load re&ection (ill take "lace
6heck the out"ut signal from the measuring units for the field current and field
voltage
6heck the cooling circuits of the generator
OGer <oaA tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M * The overload "rotection has been activated due to e?cessive field
current for too long a "eriod
#8AS)R8M * !f the machine (as in the o"erational mode 3;9TAG8 6;7TR;9,
the voltage in the net(ork has "robably dro""ed to such a value that the
machine has been reactively overloaded !f the machine (as in the o"erational
mode @!89B 6)RR87T 6;7TR;9, the field current has "robably been ad&usted
to an e?cessive value The machine can be started u" again, but observe the
value of the field current, generator voltage and reactive "o(er
A fault in the field current regulator may have occurred, in (hich case this has to
be checked
OGer .2rre0t tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M * The instantaneous over current "rotection has been actuated due to a
short*circuit in the circuit
#8AS)R8M * Search for faults in the main circuit after short*circuit The circuit
may have to be voltage*tested before starting u" again Also check all fuses
included
F25e @a/<2re /0 thEr/5tor Br/A?e a<ar4 a0A 7 or tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M * ;ne of the high*s"eed fuses in the thyristor bridges has been tri""ed
!f the e:ui"ment is "rovided (ith a single converter bridge, the machine is
tri""ed !f the e:ui"ment is "rovided (ith a redundant thyristor bridge an alarm is
obtained, the ordinary bridge is blocked and a change*over to the redundant
bridge takes "lace At a fuse failure in the redundant bridge the machine is
tri""ed
#8AS)R8M * 6heck the fuses in the converter Also investigate the reason for
the fuses tri""ing, eg a short*circuit in the field circuit
7$* The fuses cannot be re"laced during o"eration, and therefore, the converter
must be de*energi1ed and earthed in the "rescribed manner before (ork on the
main circuit
DC Short!./r.2/t tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M * The over current "rotection by measuring current ri""le +500 or 5E0
H1, has been actuated due to a short*circuit in the B6 circuit The "rotection
indicates a short*circuit on the B6 side of the converter (hen the field current
limiter is in o"eration, or (hen the machine is in the o"erating mode @!89B
6)RR87T 6;7TR;9 Although no over currents a""ears, the machine loses it=s
e?citation and loss*of*synchronism may a""ear
#8AS)R8M * 9ook for shot*circuits on the B6 side of the converter !n doubtful
cases, megging bet(een "lus and minus "oles should be carried out, but not
(ith a higher voltage than the blocking voltage class of the thyristors involved
Also check the fuses in the converter
Lo0? @/e<A @<a5h/0? tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M* )"on starting*u", the machine (ill not acce"t voltage
#8AS)R8M* 6heck that the machine is rotating (ith rated s"eed
6heck that the field breaker is o"erating (hen an order is given
6heck the su""ly voltage to the field flashing unit
6heck the fuses for the e?citation transformer
6heck the fuses in the thyristor converter
6heck the au?iliary su""ly to the trigger "ulse e:ui"ment
6heck the lo(*su""ly*voltage trigger unit
F/e<A oGer Go<ta?e a<ar4 7 tr/33/0? " >

6A)S8M * High voltage in the field circuit, caused by induced fault currents from
the stator circuit Bischarge thyristor or over voltage thyristor short*circuited
#8AS)R8M * !f the machine tri""ed as a result of e?ternal faults eg stroke of
lighting or breaker o"eration, a fresh start can "robably be made (ithout further
checks !f the machine tri""ed (ithout being caused by e?ternal faults, the field
over voltage thyristor and the discharge thyristor must be measured and
checked
Rotor earth @a2<t a<ar4 7 tr/33/0? " >
6A)S8M * An earth fault has occurred in the field circuit or in the "o(er su""ly to
the thyristor converter
#8AS)R8M * !f the "rotection is not connected for tri""ing the machine, the latter
should be sto""ed at a suitable time Since the field circuit is not earthed
o"eration can continue, but if further earth fault occurs, large fault currents and
magnetic unbalance in the machine may a""ear