Air Pollution Prevention and Air Pollution Prevention and
Control Control Mkoma S.L. (Ph. D) and Chambile Mkoma S.L. (Ph. D) and Chambile E.L (M Sc) LECTURE 3a LECTURE 3a NOISE POLLUTION NOISE POLLUTION Causes, effects and prevention Loudness of sound => => The level level of sound. - measuring unit: decibel - The higher the decibel, the louder is the sound. written as dB written as dB written as dB written as dB - Can be measured with a decibel decibel meter meter. - The following photos show two different The following photos show two different kinds of decibel meters: kinds of decibel meters: Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception 100 example example example example sound sound level (dB) level (dB) sound sound level (dB) level (dB) perception perception perception perception very quiet sound the lowest sound level that can be heard breathing sound (10 dB) quiet 0 10 30 60 80 100 example example example example sound sound level (dB) level (dB) sound sound level (dB) level (dB) perception perception perception perception 100 Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception quiet 0 10 30 60 80 100 soft conversation in libraries (30 dB) acceptable Normal conversation (60 dB) soft raining (50 dB) 100 annoying annoying example example example example sound sound level (dB) level (dB) sound sound level (dB) level (dB) perception perception perception perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception quiet 0 10 30 60 80 100 acceptable noisy Alarm clock (80 dB) busy traffic (70 dB) annoying annoying 100 very noisy damage our damage our ears ears crying baby (100 dB) Passing train (90 dB) example example example example sound sound level (dB) level (dB) sound sound level (dB) level (dB) perception perception perception perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception annoying annoying quiet 0 10 30 60 80 100 noisy crying baby (100 dB) Passing train (90 dB) acceptable annoying annoying 100 example example example example sound sound level (dB) level (dB) sound sound level (dB) level (dB) perception perception perception perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception annoying annoying very noisy damage our damage our ears ears Road drilling (120 dB) Music in clubs (110 dB) Music in clubs (110 dB) 0 10 30 60 80 100 quiet noisy acceptable annoying annoying 100 Flights taking off (130 dB) example example example example sound sound level (dB) level (dB) sound sound level (dB) level (dB) perception perception perception perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception Sound level and humans perception annoying annoying very noisy damage our damage our ears ears 0 10 30 60 80 100 quiet noisy acceptable annoying annoying => => annoying sound - Noise is a kind of pollution pollution. It is a common problem in crowded towns, municipalities or cities. Noise We can enjoy some sounds as music. However, can also be annoying noises. There are many people but less space There are many people but less space in Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Mbeya, in Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Mbeya, Mwanza or Morogoro etc. Mwanza or Morogoro etc. Noise pollution is a problem Noise pollution is a problem There are many people but less space There are many people but less space in Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Mbeya, in Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Mbeya, Mwanza or Morogoro etc. Mwanza or Morogoro etc. Noise pollution is a problem Noise pollution is a problem Can you give some examples of sources of noise in Morogoro? Construction site Construction site Construction site Construction site Repairing Repairing house house Repairing Repairing house house Road traffic Road traffic Road traffic Road traffic ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? house house house house Road drill Road drill Road drill Road drill ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? -There are many loud sounds in our surroundings, some we often use. -What are these objects? -How do they affect us? Effects of noise pollution -annoying -bad tempered -- increases the heartbeat rate and blood pressure -- disturbs our sleep -- causes mental stress etc -- disturbs our sleep -- difficult to concentrate - Hearing sound level at 80 dB for a long time, e.g. in restaurants, bars, music shops e.g. in restaurants, bars, music shops e.g. in restaurants, bars, music shops e.g. in restaurants, bars, music shops - Hearing sound level at 130 dB 130 dB makes our ears feel pain feel pain, => may cause temporary or permanent damage to our ears. feel pain feel pain, - When sound level reaches 150 dB 150 dB, => because the eardrum vibrates too vigorously. => causes damage to the eardrum or ear bones, make us go deaf. According to an investigation done by a group of Australian scientists in 1998: Wear headphones to listen to music for more than 6 Wear headphones to listen to music for more than 6 hours a week, the sense of hearing will decrease by hours a week, the sense of hearing will decrease by 30 years. 30 years. => For studies of Noise pollution in Various Environments in Tanzania you may read Minja et al., 2003; Mbuligwe, 2004; ; Samagwa et al., 2009; Moshi et al., 2010 Protecting our ears 1 1 Avoid listening to loud music for a long time. How can How can noise pollution be controlled be controlled? a long time. 22 Stay away Stay away from noisy places. 33 Wear ear protectors when working at noisy places We should wear an ear protector when We should wear an ear protector when working at a noisy place working at a noisy place To work in a place at sound level To work in a place at sound level higher than 90 dB for more than 8 higher than 90 dB for more than 8 hours without break hours without break To work in a place at sound level To work in a place at sound level higher than 90 dB for more than 8 higher than 90 dB for more than 8 hours without break hours without break -- read on laws and regulations of noise read on laws and regulations of noise - Residential areas close to the highways are protected by noise barriers People must be People must be the responsible responsible to reduce noise pollution in their immediate environments