40%
CISCO 60%
D-Link
3 Com
Nortel
Cygnus
Etc..
Router is an internetworking component, that
connects networks which are at different
geographical locations.
Diagram of 2501 series Router
Telephone
modem
V.35 modem
PC
Interfaces on a Router
1. Ethernet It is a LAN interface. Some of the models have an
RJ45 port for 10baseT or 10/100. And some other have a 15 pin
female connector AUI (Attachment Unit Interface).
Modular Fixed
Modular Routers
These type of routers have up gradable slots, and the number
of ports can be increased just by adding cards in the slots.
Fixed Routers
These types of routers have fixed number of ports.
Cisco Router’s Series
Cisco 700, 800, 1600, 1700, 2500, 2600,
3600, 4000, 5000, 7000,10000, 12000.
Fixed Modular
700, 800,….2500 2600,….., 12000
Distribution Layer
2600, …, 5000
Core Layer
7000, …, 12000
Transceiver
Internal Components of a Router
Boot ROM : It stores the mini IOS (Internet work Operating
System) image (RX Boot) with extremely limited capabilities and
POST routines and core level OS for maintenance.
FLASH : It is an EPROM chip that holds most of the IOS
Image. It maintains everything when router is turned off.
RAM : RAM holds running IOS configurations and
provides caching. RAM is a volatile memory and looses its
information when router is turned off. The configuration present
in RAM is called Running configuration.
NVRAM : It is a re-write able memory area that holds router’s
configuration file. NVRAM retains the information when ever
router is rebooted. Once configuration is saved, it will be saved in
NVRAM and this configuration is called Startup Configuration.
Configuration of a Router
Router for the first time is configured through the CONSOLE
port.COM port of a PC is connected to the console port of router with
a console cable by using a transceiver. Router is accessible by a tool.
In windows, it is called HYPER TEMINAL. As soon as the router is
powered on and accessed, the following things happen,
POST
BOOT STRAP
Setup Mode
In Setup mode, there will be a message,
“Would You Like To Enter The Initial Configuration [Y/N]” :
If “Y” then, initial configuration starts.
If “N” would you like to terminate the auto installation?
Press “RETURN” to get started……You will land on the default prompt
of the Router “ ROUTER >”.
Router>_
Working Modes Of a Router
Router# Config t
Router (Config)#
The “Clock” Command
Router#Write Memory
To configure Hostname (or) Identification of
Router over the network.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Hostname R_2503
Router(config)#^Z
To configure Logging banner.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Banner Motd #
Enter text message………….#
Router(config)#^Z
Router Password Configuration
1. Previlege Password
2. Virtual Terminal Password
3. Console Password
4. Auxillary Password
Previlege PASSWORDS
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
Console Password
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line Console 0
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#Password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
Auxillary Password
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line Aux 0
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#Password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
CONFIGURING INTERFACES