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Cisco’s Market Share

40%
CISCO 60%
D-Link
3 Com
Nortel
Cygnus
Etc..
Router is an internetworking component, that
connects networks which are at different
geographical locations.
Diagram of 2501 series Router
Telephone

modem

Serial 1 Serial 0 AUI Console AUX


E0

V.35 modem
PC
Interfaces on a Router
1. Ethernet It is a LAN interface. Some of the models have an
RJ45 port for 10baseT or 10/100. And some other have a 15 pin
female connector AUI (Attachment Unit Interface).

2. Serial It is a 60 pin female WAN interface for leased


line
3. BRI/PRI It is a RJ45 WAN interface for ISDN
4. Async It is a 37 pin female connector for dial ups.
5. Console It is a RJ45 Connector used to configure the
Router for the first time.
6. Auxiliary RJ45 Connector for remote access
administration.
Routers

Modular Fixed
Modular Routers
These type of routers have up gradable slots, and the number
of ports can be increased just by adding cards in the slots.

Fixed Routers
These types of routers have fixed number of ports.
Cisco Router’s Series
Cisco 700, 800, 1600, 1700, 2500, 2600,
3600, 4000, 5000, 7000,10000, 12000.

Fixed Modular
700, 800,….2500 2600,….., 12000

1750 & 1751 exceptionally are Modular Routers.


Cisco’s Hierarchical Model
Access Layer
700, …, 2500

Distribution Layer
2600, …, 5000

Core Layer
7000, …, 12000
Transceiver
Internal Components of a Router
Boot ROM : It stores the mini IOS (Internet work Operating
System) image (RX Boot) with extremely limited capabilities and
POST routines and core level OS for maintenance.
FLASH : It is an EPROM chip that holds most of the IOS
Image. It maintains everything when router is turned off.
RAM : RAM holds running IOS configurations and
provides caching. RAM is a volatile memory and looses its
information when router is turned off. The configuration present
in RAM is called Running configuration.
NVRAM : It is a re-write able memory area that holds router’s
configuration file. NVRAM retains the information when ever
router is rebooted. Once configuration is saved, it will be saved in
NVRAM and this configuration is called Startup Configuration.
Configuration of a Router
Router for the first time is configured through the CONSOLE
port.COM port of a PC is connected to the console port of router with
a console cable by using a transceiver. Router is accessible by a tool.
In windows, it is called HYPER TEMINAL. As soon as the router is
powered on and accessed, the following things happen,
POST

BOOT STRAP

FLASH ROM (mini IOS)


If IOS is Corrupted
NVRAM

Setup Mode
In Setup mode, there will be a message,
“Would You Like To Enter The Initial Configuration [Y/N]” :
If “Y” then, initial configuration starts.
If “N” would you like to terminate the auto installation?
Press “RETURN” to get started……You will land on the default prompt
of the Router “ ROUTER >”.

Router>_
Working Modes Of a Router

1. User Mode (Default mode)


2. Privilege or Administrative Mode
3. Global Configuration Mode
4. Interface Configuration Mode
5. Line Configuration Mode
6. Router Mode
7. Sub-Interface Mode
USER MODE
Router> is the user mode, I,e the default prompt. It
means that when ever a router boots successfully it
lands into the user mode. Router cannot be
configured from this mode, but it is used for just
monitoring purpose. Router> en
Router #
PREVILEGE MODE
Router# it is the administrating mode, we can check
whether the settings and configurations made have been
implemented or not. Eg. “Router # Sh int e0”. If it is new
router all the interfaces are by default shut down, so the
message will be, “ Ethernet 0 is administratively down,
line protocol is down.”
Global Configuration Mode

As the name indicates, it is a global configuration mode


I,e. we can configure any interface from this mode, just
by entering into the interface mode.

Router# Config t

Router (Config)#
The “Clock” Command

The clock command is used to set the clock of Router.


Syntax.
Router# clock set hh:mm:ss Day of week Month Year
E.g.
Router#clock set 16:35:00 1 April 2003

Note* This is the only configuration which can be done from


privilege mode,every other configuration should be done at global
configuration mode only.
Some of the important show commands in privilege
mode
Router# sh clock
sh int (interface name eg e0)
Sh history
Sh memory
Sh running-config
Sh startup-config

To save configuration from RAM TO NVRAM

Router#Copy Running-config Startup-config (or)

Router#Write Memory
To configure Hostname (or) Identification of
Router over the network.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Hostname R_2503
Router(config)#^Z
To configure Logging banner.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Banner Motd #
Enter text message………….#
Router(config)#^Z
Router Password Configuration
1. Previlege Password
2. Virtual Terminal Password
3. Console Password
4. Auxillary Password
Previlege PASSWORDS

Enable Password Enable Secret

Enable Password:- It is global command restricts access to


the previlege mode, the password is in clear text.
Router(config)#Enable password 123

Enable Secret:-Here the password is in encrypted form.

Router(config)#Enable secret cisco


Virtual Terminal Password

 It establishes a login password on incoming Telnet


sessions.

Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
Console Password

It establishes a login password on the console terminal.

Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line Console 0
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#Password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
Auxillary Password

It establishes a login password to remote administration.

Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line Aux 0
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#Password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
CONFIGURING INTERFACES

LAN interface (ETHERNET Port)

WAN interface (SERIAL Port)


ETHERNET
Router(config)#Interface Ethernet 0
Router(config-if)#Ip Address 200.150.1.254 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#Show Int E0

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