Materiaal Metingen Niet Destructief Onderzoek

Testgroep Non Destructive Examination

E X A M I N A T I O N P R O C E D U R E



Title of document : General procedure for visual examination of fusion
welded joints in steel.

Procedure number : MM 88100 E

Issued by : Materiaal Metingen Testgroep

Code : ISO 17637

Quality levels : EN-ISO 5817





This document consist of 27 pages including this front page.

Rev. 3

Name

Title

Sign.



Prepared by








Approved by





Accepted by client



Procedure released










Issue stamp / Signature

Only green stamped procedures with "Date of release" dated and signed by the manager shall be used.
No part of this document may be reproduced or copied in any form without the permission of MMT.
Front page of this document issued by MME has been provided with the MME-emblem in colour print.
14-06-2012
S.J .M. van der Laan
Manager QC
C. Verdoorn
Manager NDT

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MM 88100 E 14-06-2012 page 2 van 27
NDT - Procedure


MM 88100 E General procedure for visual examination of fusion welded joints in steel.



Table of contents:

1. Scope 3
2. Competency examiners 3
3
3. Extent and moment of examination 3
4. Equipment 3
4.1. Calibrations 3
4.2. Lamps 3
4.3. Ambient Light Lux-meter 3
4.4. Measure equipment 4
5. Checks prior to examinations 4
5.1. Identification 4
5.2. Viewing Conditions 4
6. Surface condition 4
6.1. Surface 4
7. Examination 5
7.1. Visual testing of joint preparation 5
7.2. Visual testing during welding 5
7.3. Visual testing of the finished weld 5
7.4. Visual testing of repaired welds 6
7.5. Partially removed weld 6
7.6. Completely removed weld 6
8. Interpretation of indications 7
8.1. Relevant indications 7
8.2. Non-relevant indications 7
9. Quality levels according ISO 5817 8
9.1. Symbols 8
9.2. Table with quality levels 9
10. Treatment unacceptable indications 27
10.1. Removing 27
10.2. Repairs 27
11. Reporting 27
12. Filing 27





Used documents for this procedure

1. ASNT: Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A 2006
2. MM 00001 E: General procedure for calibration and maintenance of NDT-equipment
3. MM 00091 E: Written practice : Procedure for training, qualification and certification of NDT-personnel
of MMT
4. EN 473: Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles
3
5. NEN-EN-ISO 17637: Non-destructive testing of welds - Visual testing of fusion-welded joints
6. EN-ISO 5817: Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) Quality levels for imperfections
7. WVS MM 00302 E: Work instruction for illumination levels
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1. Scope
General procedure for visual examination of fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their
alloys in accordance with ISO 17637.
The observed imperfections shall be judged against the quality levels for imperfections as mentioned in
the EN-ISO 5817.



2. Competency examiners
This procedure shall be used by personnel qualified to the EN 473 and/or SNT-TC-1A Level VT 2 or
having a diploma (statement) of EWT/EWS/CSWIP welding inspection or TNO-visual review of welds
and certified according to company written practice MM 00091 E, which is in accordance with ASNT
Recommended Practice: SNT-TC-1A 2006

Visual examination may be performed by Level VT 1 personnel in accordance with a detailed work
instruction prepared by Level VT 2 or 3 examiner.



3. Extent and moment of examination
The extent and moment of examination are indicated on the clients request (form), and the applicable
quality class (art.9).



4. Equipment

4.1. Calibrations
All equipment which should be calibrated be provided with a sticker indicating the valid calibration-date
according to MM 00001 E.
Equipment which should be calibrated without a sticker or invalid dated is prohibited to use.



4.2. Lamps
TL-lamp of min 80 W or equivalent.



4.3. Ambient Light Lux-meter
Luxmeter Solex type : SL 100
Levy Hill type : Mk VI
Extech Easy type : View 33


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4.4. Measure equipment
- Ruler or measure tape with a graduation scale of 1 mm or smaller.
- Slide-ruler.
3
- Feelers for measures between 0,1 mm and 3 mm in steps of 0,1 mm at most.
- Radius gauge.
- Magnifying-glass with an enlarging of 2 to 5 times, with a graduation-scale in the lens.
- Several weld calibers in accordance with the ISO 17637.



5. Checks prior to examinations

5.1. Identification
The NDE-examiner compares the identification data on the request form with those on the part to be
examined. If those data is identical the examination will be carried out in accordance with this
procedure, if not, corrective action shall be taken by the client prior to examination.



5.2. Viewing Conditions
Assure adequate ambient light at the surface of the part being examined. However the lamps which are
used they should not beamed directly into the eyes of the examiner.
In case of doubt the ambient light level shall be measured in accordance with WVS MM 00302 E.
The ambient light level shall not be less than 500 lx measured at the surface being examined.



6. Surface condition
6.1. Surface
The surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least 25 mm shall be dry and free of dirt,
grease, oil and welding flux and spatter or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the
examination.

6.1.1. Roughness
Surface preparation by grinding or machining may be necessary where surface roughness could mask
or interfere with indications of discontinuities, all after consulting the client.



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7. Examination
For the examination, all areas shall be reachable. The distance eye distance to the area of interest shall
be max. 600 mm with a view angle of less than 30 at the area of interest.



3
7.1. Visual testing of joint preparation
When visual testing is required prior to welding, the joint shall be examined to check that:
a) the shape and dimensions of the weld preparation meet the requirements of the welding
procedure specification;
b) the fusion faces and adjacent surfaces are clean and any required surface treatment has been
carried out in accordance with the application or product standard;
c) the parts to be welded are correctly fixed in relation to each other according to drawings or
instructions.



7.2. Visual testing during welding
When required, the weld shall be tested during the welding process to check that:
a) each run or layer of weld metal is cleaned before it is covered by a further run, particular
attention being paid to the junctions between the weld metal and the fusion face;
b) there are no visible imperfections, e.g. cracks or cavities; if imperfections are observed, they
shall be reported so that remedial action can be taken before the deposition of further weld
metal;
c) the transition between the runs and between the weld and the parent metal is so formed that
satisfactory melting can be accomplished when welding the next run;
d) the depth and shape of gouging is in accordance with the WPS or compared with the original
groove shape in order to assure complete removal of the weld metal as specified;
e) after any necessary repairs/remedial action, the weld conforms to the original requirements of
the WPS.



7.3. Visual testing of the finished weld
The finished weld shall be examined to determine whether it meets the requirements of the required
quality level (see art. 9, quality levels according to EN-ISO 5817). Finished welds shall at least be
examined in accordance with the requirements given in this paragraph.


7.3.1. Cleaning and dressing
The weld shall be examined to check that:
a) all slag has been removed by manual or mechanical means in order to avoid imperfections
being obscured;
b) there are no tool impressions or blow marks;
c) when weld dressing is required, overheating of the joint due to grinding is avoided and that
grinding marks and an uneven finish are also avoided;
d) for fillet welds and butt welds to be dressed flush, the joint merges smoothly with the parent
metal without under flushing. If imperfections (caused by dressing or otherwise) are observed,
they shall be reported so that remedial action can be taken.


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7.3.2. Profile and dimensions
The weld shall be examined to check that:
a) the profile of the weld face and the height of any excess weld metal meet the requirements of
the acceptance standard;
b) the surface of the weld is regular: the pattern and the pitch of weave marks present an even
and satisfactory visual appearance; the distance between the last layer and the parent metal or
the position of runs has been measured where required by the WPS;
c) the weld width is consistent over the whole of the joint and that it meets the requirements given
in the weld drawing or acceptance standard; in the case of butt welds, the weld preparation
shall be checked to ensure that it has been completely filled.


7.3.3. Weld root and surfaces
The visually accessible parts of the weld, i.e. the weld root for a single-sided butt weld and the weld
surfaces, shall be examined for deviations from the acceptance standard.

The weld shall be examined to check that:
a) in the case of single-sided butt welds, the penetration, root concavity and any burn-through or
shrinkage grooves are within the limits specified in the acceptance standard over the whole of
the joint;
b) any undercut is within the requirements of the acceptance standard;
c) any imperfections such as cracks or porosity, detected using optical aids when necessary, in
the weld surface or heat affected zones comply with the appropriate acceptance criteria;
d) any attachments temporarily welded to the object to facilitate production or assembly and which
are prejudicial to the function of the object or the ability to examine it are removed so that the
object is not damaged; the area where the attachment was fixed shall be checked to ensure
freedom of cracks;
e) any arc strikes are within the limits of the acceptance standard.



7.4. Visual testing of repaired welds
Every repaired weld shall be re-examined to the same requirements as the original weld.



7.5. Partially removed weld
The excavation shall be sufficiently deep and long to remove all imperfections. The excavation shall be
tapered from the base of the cut to the surface of the weld metal at both the ends and sides of the cut.
The width and profile of the cut shall be such that there is adequate access for re-welding, but the width
and profile of the cut can only be checked when the required width and profile are mentioned by the
client on the request.



7.6. Completely removed weld
When a defective weld has been completely removed, with or without the need for a new section to be
inserted, the shape and dimensions of the weld preparation shall meet the specified requirements for
the original weld.
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8. Interpretation of indications


8.1. Relevant indications

An indication is the evidence of a mechanical imperfection.
Only indications with major dimensions greater than 1.5 mm shall be considered relevant.

a. A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
b. A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than
three times its width.
c. A doubtful indication is one of which it is not certain weather or not it is a mechanical
imperfection. They shall be regarded as relevant, unless its nature is identified.


8.2. Non-relevant indications
These are indications of surface roughness, slight undercut etc. and other clearly identified causes.


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9. Quality levels according ISO 5817

9.1. Symbols

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9.2. Table with quality levels

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10. Treatment unacceptable indications
10.1. Removing
Unacceptable indications shall be removed and the area re-examined to assure complete removal. The
area shall be blended into the surrounding so as to avoid sharp notches or corners.


10.2. Repairs
After repairs have been made, the repaired area shall be re-examined by the original technique.



11. Reporting
After the examination has finished completely the NDE-report is prepared. The NDE-report is signed by
the examiner.
The original report and 1 copy shall be handed over to the client.

The following information shall be recorded:

a) Client, test location, order nr., drawing nr. (if applicable)
b) Material type, material thickness
c) Weld preparation, weld process
d) Examinations: Visual examination
e) Standard: ISO 17637 Quality level according: ISO 5817
3
f) Project, subject, subject nr.
g) Scope of the examination, see art. 7
h) Procedure nr. MM 88100 E
i) Equipment used
j) Light levels : Ambient light 500 lx
k) If applicable the NDE-report shall be accompanied by attachments or drawings indicating the
position, nature and length of all relevant indications.
l) Name, signature and level of examiner *
m) Date of examinations was performed.

* Level VT 1 examiner should record the results, Level VT 2 or 3 shall report the results.



12. Filing
The NDE-supervisor receives a second copy of the NDE-report and, if applicable, the attachments and
drawings. The NDE-supervisor is responsible for the correct handling and filing of those copy reports at
the office for at least one year. After that year copy reports stay on file for at least 6 years in the
technical archive.