Chapter 11

Movement and Coordination

By: Jake White and Sean Lowder
Skeletal System Vocabulary
Joint: Place where two or more bones come together in your body.
Cartilage: Tough supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone.
Ossification: The process in young adulthood where cartilage is replaced by bone.
Marrow: Another type of tissue that fills the spaces i the bones.
Ligaments: Fibrous bands that hold bones together at the joints.
Osteoporosis: A condition where the bones become weak and break easily.
Fracture: A break in a bone.
Sprain: An overstretched or torn ligament.
Dislocation: Where the ends of bones in a joint are forced out of their normal positions.
Scoliosis: An abnormal curvature of the spine
Skeletal System
Your skeletal system does multiple things such as supplying
support, protecting organs, and storing and producing materials
that your body needs.
Your bones are a living structure that undergo change
throughout your life.
Joints are a very important part of your body that allow
movement and protect bones from friction and force.
A combination of eating well, exercising, and avoiding injuries
contributes to a lifelong bone and joint health. Regular medical
checkups can help detect skeletal system problems
Muscular System Vocabulary
Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscle that causes movements in your body.
Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle found in the heart only.
Skeletal Muscle: Muscles that you control to do activities such as walking or playing an instrument.
Muscle Tone: Contractions that are not strong enough to cause movement but tense and firm the
muscle.
Atrophy: Condition where you cannot contract muscles due to injury and will often make muscles
weaken and shrink.
Anabolic Steroids: Artificial forms of the male hormone testosterone used for muscle size and strength
increase.
Strain: A painful injury that may happen when muscles are overworked or overstretched too quickly.
Also known as a pulled muscle.
Tendonitis: Overuse of tendons that may lead to painful swelling and irritation called tendonitis.
Muscular System
Your body has three types of muscle that perform different functions - Smooth muscle, Cardiac
Muscle, Skeletal muscle.
Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscle that causes movements within your body. Smooth muscle within
the walls of your esophagus and intestines push food through your digestive system. Other muscles
are voluntary muscles which can be controlled.
Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle that is only found in the heart . Through out your life, Cardiac
muscle allows your heart to beat and pump blood through your body.
Skeletal Muscles: Theyre muscles that you control to do activities such as walk or play a musical
instrument. As the name indicates, skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of your skeleton. A
thick strand of tissue called a tendon attaches a muscle to bone.
To maintain a healthy muscular system you can: Participate in regular different types of exercises, and
to help prevent injury, exercise sessions should include a warm-up and cool-down periods.
Nervous System Vocabulary
Neuron: The basic cell and unit of the nervous system
Cerebrum: Part of the brain that receives messages from sense organs, controls movement, memory,
communication, and reasoning, and also takes up 85% of the brains weight.
Cerebellum: Coordinates movement and balance.
Brain Stem: Place in the brain that lies between the cerebrum and the spinal cord.
Spinal Cord: Thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous
system.
Reflex: Type of automatic response to your environment.
Concussion: bruise like injury to the brain.
Coma: Possible result of a severe brain injury from trauma, disease, or drugs
Paralysis: Loss of ability to move and feel part of the body.
Meningitis: Disease causing inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Seizure: Flood of brain activity.
Epilepsy: Disorder that makes the victim prone to seizures.
Nervous System
Your nervous system receives information about what's going on inside and
outside your body. Then it processes the information and forms a response to
in.
Neurons carry messages, or impulses from one part of your body to another.
The central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, is
the control center of the body.
The peripheral nervous system includes the network of nerves that links the
rest of your body to your brain and spinal cord.
The most important step you can take to care for your nervous system is to
protect it from injury.