Just about every single piece of metal that you come

into contact with on a daily basis is an alloy of some

kind. There are very few pure metals used for
anything. Alloys are made with far superior
characteristics than the raw metals they are made
from. Steel is a obvious example (an alloy of iron).
Uses for alloys are limitless, and include an extensive
range of marine, medical, military, commercial,
industrial, residential and manufacturing
applications. Even brass and bronze, two of the
earliest alloys produced, still have extensive uses, and
remain in high demand.

2.0 Objective

2.1 To explain the properties of pure metals

2.2 To explain the arrangement of atoms in metal to their ductile and malleable properties
2.3 To investigate the meaning of alloys, the purpose of making alloys, examples of
alloys and their composition, properties and uses of alloys.
2.4 To prepare an experiment to compare the hardness of PM to its ALLoy
2.5To determine the relationship between arrangement of atoms in alloys and their
strength and hardness

3.0 info

3.1- Pure metals

3.2-alloys
3.3-comparison of hardness of pure metals to its alloy in laboratory
3.4-
operties
The following tables present the composition and physical properties of
many common alloys. All compositions are given in mass per cents. For
example, 50Bi, 25Pb, 12.5Sn, 12.5Cd means 50% Bi, 25% Pb, 12.5% Sn
and 12.5% Cd, all by mass

Intro
An alloy is a partial or complete solid solution of one or more
elements in a metallic matrix. Complete solid solution alloys
give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions
give two or more phases that may be homogeneous in
distribution depending on thermal (heat treatment) history.
Alloys usually have different properties from those of the
component elements
3.1.1 Arrangement of atoms in metal
ductility is the property of being able to be stretched (deformed in tension) without
fracturing. Malleability is the property of being able to be compressed, hammered, or
rolled (deformed in compression) without fracturing.

These properties do relate, in general, to the metals' crystalline structure. Metals with a
face-centered cubic structures are generally most malleable and ductile. Body-centered
cubic metals are intermediate, and hexagonal close-packed structures are least malleable
and ductile.
 Property/Reason for
Al — Alloy Uses
alloying
Duralumin Light,strong, resistant to Aircraft, tools,
(Al,Mg,Mn,Cu) corrosion pressure cooker
Aircrafts,
Magnalium (Al, Light, hard, tough,
scientific
Mg) corrosion resistant
instruments

Copper Allloys
Cu Zn Sn Pb Ni
Brass 60-80% 40-20%
Bronze 80% 2% 18%
Gun metal 90% 10%
German
Silver 50% 30% 20%
Bell metal 80% 20%

Cu —
Property/ Reason for alloying Uses
Alloy
Lustrous, easily cast, Alloy is Malleable, Electrical fittings. Medals,
Brass
ductile, harder than Cu hardware
Bronze Hard, brittle, takes up polish Statues, medals, coins
Hard, brittle, sonorous Alloy is more
Bell metal Bells, gongs
sonorous than Cu or Sn
Gun metal Hard, brittle, easily cast Barrels, cannon
German
Hard, silvery, takes up polish Decorative articles
silver

Steel Alloys
 Steel — Alloy Property/ Reason for alloying uses
Lustrous, resistant to corrosion, high tensile
Stainless steel Utensils, cutlery,
strength Alloy: Acquires brilliant silvery shine
(Fe, C, Ni, Cr) automobile parts
on alloying with Ni, Cr
Nickel Steel Hard, corrosion resistant, elastic Light, hard, Cables, aircraft parts
(Fe,C,Ni) tough, corrosion resistant and propeller shafts
Very hard Corrosion resistant Alloy: Acquires High speed machine
Tungsten steel
hardness on alloying with tungsten (W) parts