Plant Vocabulary

1. Vascular tissue – specialized conducting tissue that is found n higher

plants and that is made up mostly of xylem and phloem,

2. Cuticle – a waxy of fatty and watertight layer on the external wall of

epidermal cells

3. Stoma – one of many openings in a leaf or stem of a plant that enable gas
exchange to occur

4. Guard cells – one o a pair of specialized cells that border a stoma and
regulate gas exchange

5. Seed – a plant embryo that is enclosed in a protective coat

6. Embryo – an organism in an early stage of development of plants and

animals

7. Flower – the reproductive structure of a flowering plant that is usually

consists of a pistil, stamens, petals, and sepals.

8. Phloem – the tissue that conducts food (sugars, amino acids, and mineral
nutrients) in vascular plants

9. Xylem – hard-walled cells that transport water and mineral nutrients in

vascular plants

10.Shoot – the portion of a plant that grows mostly above the ground;
includes stems and leaves

11.Root – the mainly underground organ of vascular plants that holds plants
in place and absorbs and stores water and minerals from the soil
12.Meristem – a region of undifferentiated plant cells that are capable of
dividing and developing into specialized plant tissue

13.Cone – in plants, a seed-bearing structure

14.Fruit – a mature plant ovary; the plant organ in which the seeds are
enclosed

15.Endosperm – a triploid (3n) tissue that develops in the seeds of

angiosperms and that provides food for a developing embryo

16.Vegetative part – any nonreproductive part of a plan

17.Cereal – any grass that produces grains that can be used for food, such
as rice, wheat, corn, oats, or barley

18.Grain – the edible seed or seedlike fruit of a cereal grass

19.Pollen grain – the structure that contains the male gametophyte of seed
plants

20.Ovule – a structure in the ovary of a seed plant that contains an embryo

sac and that develops into a seed after fertilization

21.Pollination – the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive

structures (the anthers) to the tip of a female reproductive structure
(the pistil) of a flower in angiosperms or to the ovule in gymnosperms

22.Pollen tube – a tubular structure that grows from a pollen grain, enters
the embryo sac, and allows the male reproductive cells to move to the
ovule

23.Seed coat – the protective, outer covering of a seed

24.Cotyledon – the embryonic leaf of a seed

25.Sepal – in a flower, one of the outermost rings of modified leaves that

protect the flower bud
26.Petal – one of the ring or rings of the usually brightly colored, leaf-
shaped parts of a flower

27.Stamen – the male reproductive structure of a flower that produces

pollen and consists of an anther at the tip of a filament

28.Anther – in flowering plants, the tip of a stamen, which contains the

pollen sacs where grains form

29.Pistil – the female reproductive part of a flower that produces seeds and
consists of an ovary, style, and stigma

30.Ovary – in flowering plants, the lower part of a pistil that produces eggs
in ovules

31.Dermal tissue – the outer covering of a plant

32.Ground tissue – a type of plant tissue other than vascular tissue that
makes up much of the inside of a plant

33.Epidermis – the outer surface layer of cells of a plant or animal

34.Cork – the outer layer of bark of any woody plant

35.Cortex – in plants, the primary tissue located in the epidermis

36.Root hair – an extension of the epidermis of a root that increases the

root’s surface area for absorption

37.Root cap – the protective layer of cells that covers the top of a root

38.Herbaceous plant – a plant that is soft and green instead of woody

39.Vascular bundle – in a plant, a strand of conducting tissue that contains

both xylem and phloem
40.Pith – the tissue that is located in the center of the stem of most
vascular plants and that is used for storage

41.Heartwood – the nonconducting older wood in the center of a tree trunk

42.Sapwood - the tissue of the secondary xylem that is distributed around

the outside of a tree trunk and is active in transporting sap

43.Petiole – the stalk that attaches a leaf to the stem of a plant

44.Mesophyll – in leaves, the tissue between epidermal layers, where

photosynthesis occurs

45.Transpiration – the process by which plants release water vapor into the
air through stomata