Chapter 18 - Unit 4

Alana Dyhrkopp
Selina McNeill
VOCABULARY
endocrine gland
hormone
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
puberty
sperm fertilization
testes
testosterone
scrotum
penis
semen
infertility
ova
ovaries
estrogen
ovulation
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
menstrual cycle
pap smear
mammogram
heredity
chromosomes
gene
genetic disorder
MALE
FEMALE
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is
responsible for body functions
that happen slowly (ex. growing)
Nervous system responsible for
longer term body functions (ex.
breathing)

The Pathway of a Sperm
1. produced in testes
2. travels through vas deferens
3. seminal vesicles add fluid for
active sperm
4. prostate gland adds fluid to
protect sperm
5. bulbourethral gland adds fluid that
protects sperm from the acid
conditions in the urethra.
The Pathway of the Ova
1. The ova (egg) starts in the
ovaries
2. The egg is released from the
ovaries and travel through the
fallopian tubes
3. The egg travels through the
uterus and exits through the vagina
The Menstrual Cycle
Days 1-4; the uterine lining is shed
during menstruation
Days 5-13; an egg matures in one of
the ovaries, and the uterine lining
thickens
Days 14-15; the ovary releases the
mature egg during ovulation
Days 16-22; the egg travels through
the fallopian tube to the uterus, and
the uterine lining continues to thicken
Days 23-28; the unfertilized egg
enters the uterus
The Basic Rules of Heredity
Heredity is the passing on, or transmission of biological traits from parent to child.
Chromosomes are tiny structures found within cells that carry information about the
characteristics you will inherit.
Genes are sections of a chromosome that determines or affects a characteristic, or
trait.
Dominant and recessive traits change your physical appearance, like the attachment
of your earlobes, depending on your parents recessive or dominant traits.
How to Keep the Reproductive
Systems Healthy
Female
Cleanliness
Sexual Abstinence
Prompt Treatment for
Infections
Self-Exams
Medical Checkups
Male
Cleanliness
Sexual Abstinence
Protection from
Trauma
Self-Exams
Medical Checkups
Genetic Disorders
Sickle Cell Disease - A recessive disorder where blood cells are in the shape of a sickle
instead of a disk.
Tay-Sachs Disease - A recessive disorder where a lack of an important chemical in the
brain results to brain damage and death in childhood.
Cystic Fibrosis - A recessive disorder where mucus in the lungs becomes thick and sticky,
trapping bacteria in that cause infections and lung damage.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) - A recessive disorder where the body cannot break down
phenylalanine, a chemical found in food, which causes brain damage if not diagnosed and treated
early
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - A recessive disorder that primarily affects
males , where a lack of important protein needed for muscle function leads to loss of muscle control.
Hemophilia - A recessive disorder that primarily affects males, where the blood does not clot
properly , leading to internal bleeding that can damage the joints.
Genetic Diseases Cont.
Huntingtons Disease - A dominant disorder where cells in the brain start to die in the
middle age, mental abilities decline and movements become uncontrollable, resulting in early death.
Down Syndrome - A chromosomal disorder where mental retardation and heart defects
occur on the body, characteristic facial features change. The severity of the disease ranges from mild
to severe.
WE MADE A GAME
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