QUALITATIVE AND QUANTATIVE RESEARCH

METHODS

Course Prescription
Students will become familiar with current theory and practice as well as
methodological debates in the use of qualitative methodologies, including ethnography,
case studies, archival research, participant observation, interview and focus group
methods, as well as transcription and analysis. A workshop on coding qualitative data
will be included. To give students the tools necessary to understand the literature which
they find in serious publications about economic systems and to introduce students to
easily applicable multivariate statistical methods, as principal component analysis and
discriminant analysis on relevant statistical problems. The practical use of multivariate
analysis techniques and interpretation of results are discussed on the basis of concrete
data analysis Understand the formulation of hypothesis in the area of business and
interpret their results.
Goals of the Course
This course focuses on the application of qualitative research methods in
organizational contexts. It discusses different approaches to the study of
organizations and organizational behavior with special emphasis on qualitative
methodology.
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course it is expected that the student will be able to:
1. Understand the distinctive challenges associated with studying and researching
in organizations;
2. Describe the constituent assumptions/elements and applications of various
qualitative research methodologies;
3. Critique established works (published research) on methodological strengths
and weaknesses;
4. Design research technologies such as interview and focus group schedules;
5. Collect organizational orientated data, and analyze the raw data.

QUALITATIVE Section
Course Outline
Section A Introduction
i. Introduction to Qualitative Research
ii. Characteristics of Qualitative Research
iii. Qualitative Vs. Quantative Research
Section B Approaches in Social Sciences Research
i. Ontology, Epistemology and Axiology
ii. Positivism:
iii. Neo-Positivism and Post positivism:
iv. Critical Realists
v. Social Constructionism
Section C Grounded Theory
i. What is Grounded theory
ii. Historical Approaches of Grounded theory
iii. Process of Grounded Theory
iv. Data Collection and coding in Grounded theory
v. Limitation of grounded theory
vi. Class Example with practical exercise

Section D Case Study
i. What is case study and Philosophical Underpinnings
ii. How it different from other methodologies
iii. Case study example
iv. When to Use a Case Study Approach
v. Types of Case Study
vi. Explain different steps in conducting case study
vii. Case study research design considerations
viii. Analysis and Reporting a Case Study
ix. Strategies for Achieving Trustworthiness in Case Study Research
x. Advantages and disadvantages of the case study approach
xi. Limitation of case study

QUANTATIVE RESEARCH METHODS SECTION
Section A
Preparing for a multivariate analysis:
Introduction to Data analysis and Descriptive statistics
Review of basic terms, Explorative Statistics, Qualitative and quantitative
Data, Frequency distributions, Stem and Leaf displays.

Section B
Measures of central tendency:
Mean, median, mode, Measures of variability: range, variance, standard
deviation, Box plot for detecting outliers, Scales of measurements, Shape of
a distribution, Normal distribution, Skewness, Kurtosis.

Section C
The MEANS Procedure
Inferences about the population mean and about the difference between
two means, Rejection region and acceptance region of a hypothesis, One-
Sample t-Test for the mean, t-Test for the difference between two means.
Paired t-Test, Pooled variance, Empirical significance level

Section D
Factor Analysis
Objectives of factor analysis, designing a factor analysis
Assumptions in factor analysis, factors and overall fit, validation of factor
analysis.
The principal component approach, Principal Component Analysis, The
eigenvalue problem, Generalization to r principal component, Communality
or variance explained

Section E
Regression OLS Method Estimation and interpretation
The principal component approach, Principal Component Analysis, The
eigenvalue problem, Generalization to r principal component, Communality
or variance explained.
Analogy with regression and MANOVA and Hypothetical example of
discriminate analysis.

Section F
Cluster analysis
Hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering. Methods of aggregation.
Interpretation of results. Interpretation of characteristics of clusters.

Section G
Structural equation modeling: an introduction.
What is structural equation modeling, SEM and other variate techniques?
SEM: Confirmatory factor analysis. CFA and exploratory factor analysis.