Resonant Tank and Transformer Design

in Series Resonant Converter

Jin Xiaoyi, Wu Weiyang, Member, IEEE, Sun Xiaofeng, Liu Jun
College of Electrical Engineering
Yanshan University
Qinhuangdao China
Email: jinyi_3@tom.com


AbstractThe objective of this paper is to establish the industrial
design procedure of the resonant tank components and HF
transformer in Series-resonant converter or inverter. Based on
the analysis of the main operation principles of the resonant tank
and HF transformer, an industrial design process of these
components is given by considering the design requirements
which is acquired via the simulation; utilizing the
aforementioned components, a 1KW series-resonant inverter
prototype has been constructed, and the validity of the design
procedure has been proved via the experimental results.
Keywords-series resonant converter; resonant tank;
transformer design; industrial design process; air-gapped inductor
I. INTRODUCTION
Today, there is a rapid improvement in the modern industry,
and it gives a development opportunity of the overall aspects
of the electronic devices and components. By utilizing these
advanced equipments, we have achieved a remarkable benefit,
but there are also some questions, such as: the complex design
process; a tradeoff for industrial applications.
Nowadays, series-resonant power conversion is widely
used in Uninterrupted Power System (UPS), AC motor drives,
induction heating system, high-voltage large current pulse
charging source and renewable energy source system. And
under the Zero Current Switching (ZCS) soft switching mode
which is obtained by using series-resonant technique, these
conversion system can almost obtain high performance, good
reliability, small volume and light weight, and this technique
is gradually approbatory in HF power management [1], [2].
In a High Frequency (HF) series-resonant power
conversion, the resonant tank and HF transformer maybe the
most important components which determine the overall
performance. There exists a considerable amount of literatures
about design improvements and optimization of these critical
components [3]-[8]. Based on the orthogonality principle, a
complex expression of the winding ac resistance which is
influenced by the skin effect and proximity effect is given.
And as experimental results, most of these fabricated
inductors or transformers are tested by a Low Frequency
Impedance Analyzer equipped with a test fixture (for example:
HP4192A equipped with HP16047A). It is rare of the
application of these designed inductors or transformers; also,
it is not mentioned about the operation performance which is
running on a practical circuit such as [9]-[11]. A similar
inductor design is described in [10], and an experimental
results compare with our design is given in the latter chapter.
In this paper, an industrial design process and tradeoff of
these key components is spreaded based on the operation
principle and the prototype specification. In section II, the
resonant tank and HF transformer working character is
explained utilizing a common series-resonant circuit topology.
Based on the simulation results of the mentioned circuit, the
resonant tank and HF transformer is fabricated in section III
and IV. The experimental results and a compare with former
work is given in section V.
II. OPERATION PRINCIPLE
A. Series-resonant circuit topology
Fig.1 gives a common series-resonant circuit topology,
which mainly includes a DC input source, a full bridge switch
configuration, a LC series-resonant tank, a HF isolated
transformer, a rectifier for DC output or cycloconverter for AC
output and a filter capacitor.
rectifier
or
cycloconverter
S3 S4
Lr Cr
N1 N2
B
A
S1 S2
D3 D4
D1 D2
THF
Co
RL
Vo
Io
iLr
VDC

Fig.1. Common series-resonant circuit topology
B. Operational principle
Among the different output types, the DC output type is
chosen as a demonstration. For the AC output case, the
equivalent circuit is similar to the DC output type during a
switching period.
In order to simplify the analysis, there are the following
provisions and assumptions:
1) Switches are seemed as ideal components and the
switching duty is 50%.
IAS 2005 1475 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE
2) Output filter capacitor is much larger than the resonant
capacitor, so we can consider it as a constant voltage source
during a switching cycle.
3) Switching frequency
r r
s
C L
f
2
1
= .
4) During the end of k
th
half period,
Crk Cr
v v = .
Fig.2 shows the operation characters of the LC series
resonant circuit and HF transformer by the equivalent circuit
of converter and corresponding voltage, current waveform.
During the Powering Mode (PM) (Fig.2.a), switches (S1,
S4) or (S2, S3) pairs are tuned on and off alternatively in
synchronization with the resonant current zero crossing points.
And the DC source power is delivered to resonant tank and
load; thus during any half of the switching period
o DC LC
u V v = (
n
v
u
o
o
= ), and
LC
v ,
Lr
i have the same
phase state; as a result, the resonant current rapidly increases,
and the energy transmits to load by HF transformer rises too.
After stimulating half period, tank energy changes as follow:
( ) ( )
o DC Crk r o DC r
u V v C u V C E + = 2 2
2
(1)
During the Free Resonant Mode (FRM) (Fig.2.b), there are
four choices to combine the current route. Switches (S1, D2)
and (S3, D4) pairs, or (S4, D3) and (S2, D1) pairs, or (S1, D2)
and (S2, D1) pairs, or (S4, D3) and (S3, D4) pairs are turned
on and off alternatively. And there is no interconnection with
DC input, the resonant tank affords energy to load, thus any
half of the switching period
o LC
u v = , and there is 180
degree phase difference between
LC
v and
Lr
i ; accordingly the
resonant current decreases gradually. Passing FRM half period,
the tank energy changes as follow:
Crk o r o r
v u C u C E = 2 2
2
(2)
During the Regenerating Mode (RM) (Fig.2.c), with four
switches (S1-S4) are turned off, diodes (D1, D4) or (D2, D3)
pairs are turned on and off alternatively. And the DC source
input is connected negatively, thus any each half of the
switching period
o DC LC
u V v = , and
LC
v ,
Lr
i have the
opposite phase state; as a result, the tank energy recovers to
source input and transmits to load side, the resonant current
decreases rapidly, and the energy delivered to load reduces too.
After regenerating half period, the tank energy changes as
follow:
( ) ( )
o DC Crk r o DC r
u V v C u V C E + + = 2 2
2
(3)
0
t
iLr vLC
uAB
L
C
uO
i
Lr
VLC

(a) Powering mode (PM)
L
C
u
O
i
Lr
VLC
0
t
vLC
i
Lr

(b) Free resonant mode (FRM)
0
t
u
AB
L
C
u
O
i
Lr
VLC
vLC
i
Lr

(c) Regenerating mode (RM)
Fig.2. Resonant tank equivalent circuit and corresponding voltage, current
And if the common topology is used for bi-directional
DC/DC converter or four-quadrant operational DC/AC
inverter application, the output source will regenerate power
back to the DC input for the different load condition. Under
this operation, there are three other resonant modes those are
similar to the upper presentation.
Co
Vo
Io
N2
0
t
i N2
D1
D4
iN2
RL
o v
VN2
V
N2

(a) Positive half period (PHP)
Co
Vo
Io
N2
D2
D3
i N2
0
t
i N2
o v
RL
VN2
VN2

(b) Negative half period (NHP)
Fig.3 Rectifier equivalent circuit and corresponding waveform
Fig.3 presents the operation principle of the rectifier, and
here the rectifier has the full bridge configuration. Fig.3.a
shows the equivalent circuit of rectifier and the voltage,
current waveform of corresponding diodes during the positive
period of the resonant current. At this stage, the diodes (D1,
D4) are naturally turned on and off in synchronization with
IAS 2005 1476 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE
the resonant current zero crossing points; and the reverse
interdicted diodes (D2, D3) are supported the output voltage,
so the corresponding expressions as follow:
n
i
i
Lr
N
=
2
;
o D D
v v v = =
3 2
. Fig.3.b shows the same when resonant
current is negative.
III. RESONANT TANK DESIGN
Based on the analysis of the operation principle and the
prototype specifications, an industrial design process and a
tradeoff are advanced. And the detailed design specifications
are given below:
Input DC source: V V
DC
5 48 = ;
Switching frequency: KHz f
s
50 = ;
Output voltage: Hz V v
o
50 / 220 = ;
Power capability: KW P
cap
1 = ;
Holistic efficiency: % 88 ;
Resonant inductor: H L
r
5 . 6 = ;
Resonant capacitor: F C
r
5 . 1 = ;
A. Resonant inductor design
Utilizing the Pspice software, a simulation is done for this
application under open-loop condition roughly, and then
acquired the approximate value of the resonant inductor
current. Fig.4 includes the waveform of resonant current and
the magnification of the highest point during 10ms.

(a) Resonant current of large circle

(b) Expandedness of the highest point
Fig.4 Resonant current and the magnification of the highest point
By analyzing the waveforms, some conclusions are
generalized as follow:
a) Maximal value of the resonant current is equal to 140A
during half of switching period.
b) Virtual value is equal to 70A within a large circle.
Considering this pure sine-current application which has
two main part of frequency, a gapped inductor is suitable for
and soft-ferrite material will be the best choice to minimum
copper and core losses [3], [5].
Magnetic core selection: selection of a magnetic core itself
involves the selection of the core material, shape, and
geometry. Three main influencing the choice of the core
material are core loss at the frequency of interest, maximum
flux density, and allowable temperature rising. It is almost
impossible to optimize all the upper factors simultaneously;
consequently, some factors must be traded off in selecting the
most desirable core.
TABLE I. CHARACTERS AND ADVANTAGES COMPARE OF 3C96
Property Symbol Pv (KW/m
3
) B (mT)
f (KHz) 25 100 100 10
Bpeak
or H
200mT 100mT 200mT 250A/m
Test
conditions
T (
o
C) 100
3C15 140 165 350
3C30 80 80 450 370
3C34 80 400 370
3C81 185 330
3C90 80 80 450 340
3C91

55
1)
330
1)
330
3C92

50 350 410
3C93 50 350 380
3C94 60 400 340
3C96 45 330 370
Soft-ferrite
material
3F3 80 330
1)
test at 60
o
C

Utilizing the manufacturer data sheet [12], [13], the
soft-ferrite material 3C96 crashes into our eyes. The
characters and advantages compare is shown in Table I.
Within a frequency range (25KHz-100KHz), a most
significant conclusion can be acquired: soft-ferrite material
3C96 has the lowest core loss among these materials. Also,
this material has some second significant factors, for example:
magnetic flux density, resistivity, and TC.

Fig.5. Core loss VS temperature for several frequency/flux density
Fig.5 shows the specific power loss for several
frequency/flux density combinations as a function of
temperature. It means the core loss can be reduced remarkably
within a proper operational temperature rising especially for
IAS 2005 1477 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE
high flux density case. It is well known that core and winding
losses should be balanced for a maximum efficiency operation
of a magnetic component [3]. Adopting increasing the
operating flux density, videlicet, advancing the core operating
temperature appropriately, the number of turns is reduced, and
copper losses are decreased. The core operating temperature
of the fabricated inductor will be given in section V.
For the facility of fabrication, the interest magnetic core
has an EE shape. Based on the general consideration of the
adequate space for inductor winding, and sufficient power
capability, EE55/28/25 has been chosen as our inductor core.
Fig.6 shows the dimension tab of EE type magnetic core.
F
E
A
C
D
B

Fig.6. Core dimension notation
Dimension of the suggested core type EE55/28/25 is given
as follow:
A: 56.2mm; B: 27.5mm; C: 25.0mm;
D: 18.5mm; E: 37.5mm; F: 17.2mm;
Effective Core Area:
2
420mm A
e
= ;
Effective Core Length: mm l
e
123 = ;
Effective Core Volume:
3
52000mm V
e
= ;
Based on the above information, a center-column
air-gapped inductor and a dual-air-gapped inductor are
fabricated utilizing the parameters which are calculated out
using an industrial design procedure. Fig.7 gives a basic
overview of an air-gapped soft-ferrite magnetic core. Design
process is given below:

e
l
1
G
2
G
2
G
M
G 1/2
M
G 1/2
IN F =

e
l

(a) air-gapped core magnetic circle (b) equivalent magnetic conductance
Fig.7. Representation of an EE air-gapped magnetic core
Calculating the equivalent magnetic conductivity of the
air-gapped core:

2 1
2 1
2
2
G G
G G
G
+

= (4)

) ( ) (
0
1
+ +
=
F C
G (5)

2
) ( ) (
0
2
+ +
=
E A C
G (6)
e
e r
M
l
A
G

=
0

(7)
M
M
G G
G G
G
+

(8)
Calculating the length of air-gap and the turns of inductor
winding:
G N L
Lr r
=
2
(9)
e
r
Lr
l
B B
i N + =

0
max
0
max
max
2 (10)
F C A
e
= (11)
) ( 2
2
) (
D B
E A
l
e
+ +
+
= (12)
Where
m H u
o
/ 10 4
7
= is the free air magnetic permeability;
r
u is the relative magnetic permeability of the soft-ferrite
magnetic core;
is the air-gap length;
Lr
N is the turns of inductor winding;
A i 140
max
= is the highest value of resonant current;
mT B 300
max
= is the magnetic flux density which is
chosen at the highest resonant current point;
Substituting relevant value for the symbol in the above
equations (4-12), two anticipant parameters can be solved.
After simplification of the results because the number of
winding turns should be integral:
6 =
Lr
N mm 73 . 1 =
Winding conductor selection and distribution: there is a
prudential selection among copper foil, solid round wire, and
Litz-wire based on the penetration depth at the given
frequency ( mm 2955 . 0 = ). For an air-gapped conductor,
there exists a significant fringing magnetic field which will
cause a winding ac resistance to be higher than the dc
resistance, mainly caused by the skin effect and proximity
effect. For the reason of high virtual value of resonant current
(70A) and short winding length, the winding current density is
selected to
2
6 mm A . The distribution of inductor winding
turns is depicted as follow:
a) for foil winding case, foil width is equal to winding
bobbin width, the turns is winded layer by layer.
IAS 2005 1478 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE
b) for solid round wire winding case: 150 twisted strands
(specification of the solid round wire is AGW29) combine the
winding bundle is used for this case, and is winded turn by
turn in one layer.
c) for Litz-wire winding case: 12 twisted Litz-wire bundles
(specification is 38 130 AGW and is twisted on itself) build
the final Litz-wire bundle, and is winded turn by turn in one
layer.
Experimental results will be given for each of conductors,
also an explanation about how the skin effect and proximity
effect do in fabricated inductors is described.
B. Resonant capacitor design
Utilizing the simulated results, virtual value of resonant
current which is passing through the resonant capacitor is also
equal to 70A, and using the relationship as bellow:
2 2
2
1
2
1
Cr r Lr r
u C i L = (13)
The maximal voltage of resonant capacitor by solving
(13):
V u
Cr
300
max
(14)
Table II. CHARACTER OF 941C SERIES CAPACITORS

Voltage
rank
Capacitor
value
peak
I
(A)
RMS
I
(A)
941C6P15K 0.15u 20 2.8
941C6P22K 0.22u 43 4.9
941C6P47K
600 (DC)
275 (AC)
0.47u 92 7.6
941C12P15K 0.15u 171 8.3
941C12P22K 0.22u 251 9.2
941C12P47K 0.47u 301 10.9
941C12P68K 0.68u 435 13.0
941C12W1K
1200 (DC)
500 (AC)
1.0u 754 19.7
For this huge virtual value current application case, the
CDE capacitor accords with our demand [14]. Table II shows
the character of 941C series CDE capacitors, three crucial
factors should be taken into account synthetically: capacitor
voltage rank, capacitor value, and current virtual value. Based
on considerations as above, the capacitor models
941C12P15K and 941C12P22K attract us mostly. And single
class capacitors or models combined capacitors are paralleled
together as our resonant capacitor (for example:
K P C 15 12 941 10 , K P C 22 12 941 7 , or combination of the
upper models).
IV. HF TRANSFORMER DESIGN
Due to the HF transformer is connected in series with the
resonant tank, so the primary winding of transformer has the
same virtual value of the current as the resonant inductor.
Another unique design requirement of the HF transformer
can be concluded by analyzing the operating principle which
is expounded is section II. The support voltage of HF
transformer secondary winding
o N
v v =
2
, so the input
voltage of primary winding:
DC
o
o N
V
N
v
u v < = =
1
(15)
Expression (15) has significant meanings during
transformer design process:
a) for a given output requirement, maximum input voltage
of the transformer is constant without considering variation of
the input DC source
DC
V .
b) for the reason of a lower input voltage, the number of
winding turns is reduced, consequently, the parasitical
parameter of transformer (leakage inductance, winding
resistance, and parasitical capacitor) is lessened too. Also the
voltage overshoot which is caused by the leakage inductance
of transformer would be decreased remarkably.
Knowing the above factors, the design specification of HF
transformer (such as the input voltage, current value, power
capability and working frequency etc) is entire. The specific
values are presented below:
KHz f
s
50 = ; KW P
cap
1 = ; V V
DC
5 48 = ;
Primary winding: A I
RMS
70 = ;
Secondary winding: V v
out
310
max
= ;
Turn ratio calculation: taking into account the minimum
input DC voltage
min DC
V , so turn ratio is
2 . 7
min
max
= =
DC
out
V
v
N (16)
And considering the equivalent circle resistance which
include on-state resistance of the switches, winding resistance
of inductor and transformer, the turn ratio should substitute
8 = N for 2 . 7 = N , so the input voltage of primary winding
is:
N
v
u v
out
o N
max
max max 1
= = (17)
Magnetic core selection:
s m k tr
cap
w e
f B p J k
P
A A

6
10
(18)
Where:
tr
is the transformer efficiency;
cap
P is the transformer power capability;
k is the waveform factor ( 4 = k for rectangle waveform
or 44 . 4 = k for sine wave);
J is the current density in windings;
k
p is the packing factor of framework;
m
B is the maximal magnetic flux density;
s
f is the operational frequency;
IAS 2005 1479 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE
w
A is the window area of framework;
e
A is the effective center-pole area of core;
Utilizing (18) and a view of the framework window is big
enough for windings, the former magnetic core type
EE55/28/25 is selected for the HF transformer.
Number of winding turns:
8 max 1
10
1

=
e m s
N
p
A B f k
v
N (19)
Intercepting the integer of outcome (19), 2 =
p
N , so the
number of secondary winding turns is
p s
N N N = (20)
Winding conductor selection: considering the huge virtual
current value and the skin effect synthetically, the copper foil
which is 0.3mm thick satisfies our requirement exactly for the
primary winding. And single strand litz-wire which has the
same specification as used in resonant inductor winding is
used for the secondary winding. Also the current density of
transformer windings is same as inductor winding.
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
Utilizing the aforementioned fabricated components, a
prototype is constructed for this practical application. The
design procedure is validated by the experimental results. A
series of compares which are presented during design process
are given.

(a) Resonant current of large circle

CH1: 40A/div
(b) Expandedness of the highest point
Fig.8. Resonant current and the magnification of the highest point
Fig.8 is the experimental results which correspond to Fig.4.
Contrasting these plots, a good match can be deduced. The
results also affirm that the resonant tank and HF transformer
design basic is correct.
Fig.9 shows the voltage waveform of HF transformer
primary winding and system output. (a) is corresponding to
(15); and (b) validates (17). There is a well-accordance
between analysis and experimental results, and this unique
character is used to minimize the parasitical parameters of HF
transformer.

(a) Voltage of primary winding and output in large circle

CH1: 20V/div; CH2: 100V/div
(b) Expandedness of the highest point
Fig.9. Voltage of primary winding and relevant output
Fig.10 shows the temperature rising of resonant inductor
core, the test conditions are: surrounding temperature is 24
o
C,
and power capability is 1KW. From the plot, core temperature
is steady at 70
o
C after 50 minutes. As pictured in Fig.5, the
core loss is reduced by its temperature rising. And temperature
rising is maximized based on the consideration of surrounding
temperature variation.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

Fig.10. Core temperature rising of resonant inductor
IAS 2005 1480 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE
Table III presents the different copper losses among three
kinds of conductor. The losses are estimated in the proportion
of total power consumption presumably. For copper foil and
solid round wire cases, the skin effect and proximity effect
have significant influence by fringing magnetic field
especially in large current case. Analyzing the data of
Litz-wire, copper loss has a linear relation with virtual current.
It means the ac resistance of inductor winding is affected by
skin effect and proximity effect punily.
TABLE III. COPPER LOSSES AMONG THREE CONDUCTORS
Copper foil Solid round wire Litz-wire
IRMS (A) Loss (W) IRMS (A) Loss (W) IRMS (A) Loss (W)
34.0 23.8 34.0 23.9 38.0 19.0
44.0 28.8 45.0 30.5 40.2 20.1
46.0 29.7 51.0 33.4 43.0 20.8
49.0 32.0 58.0 39.3 45.6 21.8
58.0 38.8 47.8 23.8
50.0 24.6
Fig.11 shows the sum of copper losses and core losses of
center-column air-gapped and dual-air-gapped inductors
which are tested on a series resonant DC/DC converter
prototype. And it is analyzed in section II as a demonstration.
This mainly validates which one has a more excellent
performance under a constant value of
max
B within a
switching period. As a contrast, in [10], the total losses of
optimum designed inductor are 55W at rated current
A I
rms
20 = . There is an obvious distinction between two
fabricated inductors that dual-air-gapped inductor has a lower
losses especially in large current case. It can be deduced that a
multi-air-gapped inductor would behave a well performance
though the air-gap is difficult to distribute symmetrically.
Comparing with 55W at 20A in [10], an air-gapped soft ferrite
magnetic core is more conformable than iron powder toriodal
core for this current rank.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40
Irms (A)
T
o
t
a
l

L
o
s
s
e
s

(
W
)
Dual air-gapped
Center-column air-gapped

Fig.11. Inductor total losses versus
rms
I
89.00%
89.20%
89.40%
89.60%
89.80%
90.00%
90.20%
90.40%
90.60%
90.80%
91.00%
503.7 669.1 749.2 833.6 969.7
Power capability
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

Fig.12. System efficiency versus power capability
Fig.12 shows the efficiency curve of a fabricated prototype
which is composed of the optimal components based on the
design procedure above. Beyond the design desire, the
prototype efficiency is above 90% within large-scale of load
condition.

(a) A photograph of the fabricated prototype

CH1: 100V/div; CH2: 10A/div
(b) System output
Fig.13. Fabricated prototype and its output
Fig.13 gives a photograph of the fabricated prototype and
its output. The system output has a low Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD). For ohmic load as show in fig.13:
% 715 . 0 =
Ohmic
THD . Under inductive load and no load:
% 837 . 0 =
Inductive
THD , and % 050 . 1 =
no
THD .
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, an industrial design procedure has been
advanced, which is mainly about the resonant tank and
transformer design in the series-resonant converter. The
design requirement of a practical application is presents via
the simulation, and the validity of the design procedure has
been proved by the experimental results. According to the
results among different designs which are used frequently
nowadays, an optimal choice is produced. Utilizing this choice,
a prototype is fabricated and it has an excellent overall
performance.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by National Natural Science
IAS 2005 1481 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE
Foundation of China NO.50237020. Thanks Mao XK for his
support in winding design of the resonant inductor.
REFERENCES
[1] Yong-Ho Chung, Bong-Soo Shin, and Gyu-Hyeong Cho, Bilateral Series
Resonant Inverter for High Frequency Link UPS, Power Electronics
Specialists Conference, 1989. PESC '89 Record, 20th Annual IEEE, 26-29
June 1989, Pages: 83 - 90 vol.1
[2] Jin sheng Wei, Muneaki Ishida, and Takamasa Hori, Novel Real Time
Output Voltage Control for Series-Resonant High-Frequency AC-linked
DC-AC Converter, IPMC97 Hang Zhou, China, 305~310
[3] M. Bartoli, A. Reatti, and M.K. Kazimierczuk, Minimum copper and core
losses power inductor design in IAS '96., Conference Record of the 1996
IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting,
6-10 Oct. 1996 pp.1369 - 1376
[4] J.A. Ferreira, Improved analytical modeling of conductive losses in
magnetic components Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Jan.
1994 pp.127 - 131
[5] P. Wallmeier, Improved analytical modeling of conductive losses in
gapped high-frequency inductors Industry Applications, IEEE
Transactions July-Aug. 2001 pp.1045 - 1054
[6] F. Tourkhani, and P. Viarouge, An improved analytical model of the AC
resistance of round stranded conductor windings Magnetics Conference,
2000. INTERMAG 2000 Digest of Technical Papers. 2000 IEEE
International April 9-13, 2000 pp.436 - 436
[7] M. Bartoli, N. Noferi, A. Reatti, and M.K. Kazimierczuk, Modeling
Litz-wire winding losses in high-frequency power inductors in PESC '96
Record of the Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1996, 27th
Annual meeting IEEE 23-27 June 1996, pp.1690 - 1696
[8] N.H. Kutkut, D.W. Novotny, D.M. Divan, and E. Yeow, Analysis of
winding losses in high frequency foil wound inductors in IAS '95.,
Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 1995.
Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting, IEEE 8-12 Oct. 1995, pp.859 - 867
[9] A.M. Tuckey and D.J. Patterson, A minimum loss inductor design for an
actively clamped resonant DC link inverter, in IAS 2000 Conference
Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 8-12 Oct.
2000, pp.3119 3126
[10] K.W.E. Cheng, and P.D. Evans, Optimization of high frequency
inductor design of series resonant converter in PESC '92 Record of the
Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1992, 23rd Annual meeting
IEEE 29 June-3 July 1992, pp.1416 - 1422 vol.2
[11] A. Sadeghian, and J.D. Lavers, Implementation of knowledge-based
system for iron core inductor design IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.40, NO 6,
Nov. 2004, pp.3495-3504
[12] Soft Ferrite and Accessories, Philips Soft Ferrite Data Sheet, 20 Apr.
2000
[13] Magnetic Product Selection Guide 2003, Philips Soft Ferrite Data
Sheet
[14] Capacitors of CORNELL DUBILIER CDE Capacitor Products Data
Sheet
IAS 2005 1482 0-7803-9208-6/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE