Cetylpyridinium
Chloride
0.05 percent
0.07 percent
Peridex (Zila
Pharmaceuticals, Phoenix)
Viadent (Colgate-Palmolive,
New York)
Crest Pro-Health Rinse
(Procter & Gamble,
Cincinnati)
21.6-60.9
13.8-56.3
28.2
15.8
18.2-42.5
14.0-35.9
24.0
15.4
Grossman and colleagues,
51
Overholser and colleagues,
55
Charles and colleagues
57
Lamster and colleagues,
52
Gordon and colleagues,
53
DePaola and colleagues,
54
Overholser and colleagues,
55
Charles and colleagues,
56
Charles and colleagues,
57
Sharma and colleagues
58
Allen and colleagues
59
Mankodi and colleagues
60
Summary of published six-month plaque/gingivitis mouthrinse
clinical trials.
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
* Compared with negative control at six months.
These products have received the American Dental Association Seal of Acceptance.
Thymol 0.064 percent, eucalyptol 0.092 percent, methyl salicylate 0.060 percent, menthol 0.042 percent.
Copyright 2006 American Dental Association. All rights reserved.
20S JADA, Vol. 137 http://jada.ada.org November 2006
salivary
46-48
and mucosal
49,50
levels of bacteria. The
addition of an antimicrobial mouthrinse to daily
oral hygiene regimens would help reduce the total
oral bacterial burden and thereby could comple-
ment a direct action on bacteria contained within
the plaque biofilm itself.
PUBLISHED SIX-MONTH
ANTIPLAQUE/ANTIGINGIVITIS
MOUTHRINSE CLINICAL TRIALS
Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the
effectiveness of certain antimicrobial mouthrinses
in reducing plaque and gingivitis. The table lists
the active ingredients and marketed mouthrinse
products supported by published six-month clin-
ical trials
51-60
conducted in accordance with the
ADA guidelines.
6,7
Chlorhexidine is the active ingredient in a
prescription product marketed pursuant to FDA
approval via the New Drug Application route;
the fixed combination of essential oils and
cetylpyridinium chloride are in over-the-counter
products and have received a Category I (safe
and effective) recommendation by an FDA advi-
sory panel.
8
(Additional discussion of studies con-
ducted to demonstrate product effectiveness has
been published elsewhere.
32
) The effectiveness of
these antiplaque/antigingivitis agents has been
confirmed in a meta-analysis of published and
unpublished six-month clinical trials.
61
Both
Peridex (Zila Pharmaceuticals, Phoenix) and Lis-
terine Antiseptic (Pfizer, Morris Plains, N.J.)
have received the ADA Seal of Acceptance for the
control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis.
62,63
SUMMARY
The daily use of an effective antiplaque/
antigingivitis antimicrobial mouthrinse is well-
supported by a scientific rationale and can be a
valuable component of oral hygiene regimens.
Advances in our knowledge of oral microbial
ecology have enhanced our understanding of the
role that antimicrobial mouthrinses can play in
controlling the plaque biofilm and related peri-
odontal diseases. Several ingredients and prod-
ucts have been found to be effective against
plaque and gingivitis, two of whichchlorhexi-
dine (Peridex) and a fixed combination of essential
oils (Listerine Antiseptic)have received the ADA
Seal of Acceptance for this indication. I
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