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TOEFL Vocabulary



Model Test 3


Reading 1, Page 275 Symbiotic Relationships (64 lines)
1. derives [3] = obtains, gets (mendapat)
2. symbiotic [4] = close association of animals or plants
(memiliki hubungan dekat)
3. host = [7] = organism infected by a parasite (inang)
4. harmed [9] = damaged (dirugikan)
5. relatively [10] = comparatively (secara relatif)
6. likewise [16-17] = similarly (begitu juga)
7. tolerate [18] = permit
8. molds [20] = fungi causing organic matter to decay (jamur)
9. mildews [20] = grey or white fungi (jamur)
10. intestines [23] = digestive tract (usus kecil / halus)
11. mistletoe [25] = parasitic bush growing on trees
(tanaman liar)
12. visualize [31] = imagine (membayangkan)
13. combating [33] = fighting, opposing (melawan)
14. mosses [39] = simple nonflowering plant growing on
soil, trees, or rocks (lumut)
15. ferns [39] = plant with green leaves and without flowers,
and reproduces by means of spores (pakis)
16. vines [40] = climbing plants (tanaman merambat)
17. remora [41] = small marine fish that attaches itself to
large fish (ikan remora)
18. hitchhike [43] = get a free ride (menumpang)
19. actually [47] = really (sebenarnya)
20. obligatory [49] = mandatory, required (diwajibkan)
21. thorny [51] = prickly (berduri)
22. legumes [58] = a plant that has seeds in a pod (polong)
23. beans [58] = edible green pod, eaten as a vegetable (buncis)
24. clover [58] = plant with three-lobed leaves (semanggi)
25. alder [58] = a deciduous tree growing in wet places (alder)


Reading 2, Page 279 Civilization (55 lines)
1. Neolithic [1] = New Stone Age, between 8000 BC and
5000 BC (akhir zaman batu)
2. craftspeople [4] = artisans [34] (pengrajin)
3. liquefy [5] = to make liquid (mencairkan)
4. cast [6] = poured (dituang)
5. molds [6] = container for making shape (cetakan)
6. durable [9] = long-lasting, enduring (tahan lama)
7. settlements [12] = colonies (pemukiman)
8. hardly [12] = barely, scarcely (hampir tidak)
9. inhabitants [13] = occupants (penghuni)
10. civilization [21] = highly-developed society (peradaban)
11. distinct [26] = clear, different (jelas, berbeda)
12. deemed [27] = considered, regarded (dianggap)
13. crucial [27] = fundamental, important (mendasar)
14. priestly [27] = pastoral (terkait dengan kependetaan)
15. stewards [28] = manager (pengelola)
16. bureaucracy [29] = administrative system (birokrasi)
17. merchants [35] = wholesalers, traders (pedagang grosir)
18. prominent [38] = important (penting)
19. adhered to [45] = stuck to, believed in (percaya pada)
20. emerged [48] = appeared, came out (muncul)
21. conducive [49] = favorable (kondusif)
22. abundant [49] = plentiful (melimpah)


Reading 3, Page 283 Life in Our Solar System (58 lines)
1. nutrients [1] = nourishing substances (gizi)
2. automatically [7] = naturally (secara alami)
3. eliminates [7] = excludes (menyisihkan)
4. vacuum [9] = space empty of matter (hampa)
5. lunar [10] = relating to Moon (terkait dengan bulan)
6. evaporated [14] = changed from liquid to vapor (menguap)
7. solar system [16] = Sun and bodies orbiting it (tata surya)
8. Jovian planets [17] = giant planets, a.k.a. gas giant
(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune)
9. moderate [18] = temperate (sedang)
10. condense [18] = change from gas to liquid (mengembun)
11. droplets [19] = tiny drops (tetesan)
12. nurture [20] = encourage ST to grow (mendukung)
13. currents [20] = flows of air (aliran udara)
14. destined [21] = intended (ditakdirkan)
15. crust [26] = hard upper layer (lapisan terluar)
16. broth [26] = a liquid medium containing nutrients for
the c ulture of bacteria (medium cairan mengandung
gizi untuk pertumbuhan bakteri)
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17. microscopic [29] = extremely small (sangat kecil)
18. orbits [30] = paths of planet or moon (lintasan benda langit)
19. argon [32] = a gaseous element that makes up about 1%
of the Earths atmosphere (Ar).
20. methane [32] = colorless odorless flammable gas, used
as fuel (CH4)
21. ethane [33] = colorless odorless flammable gas, used as
fuel (C2H6)
22. encouraging [40] = convincing (meyakinkan)
23. meteorite [40] = rock from outer space (meteor)
24. debris [41] = fragments (pecahan)
25. ejected [41] = hurled, thrown out (terlontar)
26. skeptical [45] = doubtful (ragu)
27. originated [49] = begun (bermula)
28. conclusive [53] = proven, definite (terbukti, pasti)
29. geologist [55] = expert in rocks, soil, and minerals (ahli bumi)
30. suit [53] = cloth (pakaian)
31. wander [54] = travel (menjelajah)
32. streambeds [54] = channels of stream (saluran sungai)
33. bare [56] = empty, blank (kosong)
34. consequently [57] = as a result (sebagai akibatnya)


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VISUAL AIDS


Part 1, Page 275 Symbiotic Relationships
















































Cat flea optical microscope x35
Trinoton anserinum, an Amblyceran
louse from a mute swan
A clementine covered with mold
Mildew on plants can trigger asthma
tapeworm
small intestine
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European mistletoe attached to a silver birch
Mistletoe in winter
Red mistletoe, New Zealand Mistletoe in an apple tree in Essex, England
orchid
A species of orchid in Costa Rica
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Moss in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania, USA
wall covered in moss
Ferns at the Royal Melbourne Botanical Gardens
Fern growing on a wall
Vine climbing fixed steel ladder
Vine creeping around a house
A large vine on the street in Sochi, Russia
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Grey reef shark (carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)

Spearfish remora (remora brachyptera)

Nurse shark with remoras attending
Golden wattle (acacia pycnantha),
the floral emblem of Australia
Acacia tree near the end of its range in the
Negev Desert of southern Israel
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Bull ant showing the powerful mandibles and the relatively
large compound eyes that provide excellent vision
Grains and legumes and other types of seeds
"Painted Pony" dry bean (phaseolus vulgaris)
A four-leaf clover
Alder trees by the Beaulieu River at Longwater Lawn
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Part 2, Page 279 Civilization





























































The Neolithic Settlement at Skara Brae a helmet made from bronze
native copper (~4 cm in size)
tin
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia (highlighted in red color)
Mesopotamia is a name for the area of the TigrisEuphrates river system, corresponding to
modern-day Iraq, the northeastern section of Syria and to a lesser extent southeastern Turkey
and smaller parts of southwestern Iran.
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Map showing the extent of area known as Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent at maximum defined extent, with the names of
ancient civilizations found there
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Part 3, Page 283 Life in Our Solar System



























































The Sun and planets of the Solar System
Full moon as seen from Earth's northern hemisphere Craters on the far side of the moon
Composite image of Mercury taken by MESSENGER
Close-up view from Mariner 10: an airless, cratered surface is revealed
as it might appear to an astronaut in orbit around Mercury
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Venus: Global radar view of the surface
from Magellan radar imaging between
1990 and 1994
Venus is always brighter than the brightest stars outside our solar
system, as can be seen here over the Pacific Ocean
Three dimensional view of Venus surface: Computer generated surface view of Eistla Regio (from the southwest)
The Jovian Planet (a.k.a. gas giant), consists of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
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Europa (one of Jupiters moon)
The prominent crater in the lower right is Pwyll and
the darker regions are areas where Europa's primarily
water ice surface has a higher mineral content.
Imaged on September 7, 1996 by Galileo spacecraft
Titan (one of Saturns moon)
The thick atmosphere is orange due to a dense
organonitrogen haze
Mars: True-color view of Mars seen through
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope in 1999
The meteorite ALH84001. Credit: NASA