Anevolutionarydesignthat sharesmanysystemsprovenontheD8-2000DFIG.

WinDrivetechnologyhasprovenitself inother demandingpower andindustrial applications

whereit hasestablishedaMTBFof morethan39years. Thesynchronousgenerator hasa
longhistoryof useindiesel generator systemsachievingaMTBFof 45years.
Generatesat mediumvoltageandcapableof operatingwithabroadpower factor rangeand
inherent LVRTcapability.
Removestheneedfor Power ConversionElectronicsandprovidesdampeningof load
transients.
Providesalighter andstiffer structure.
Improvesreliabilityandremovestheneedfor extrapackagesfor LVRT.
Built onproventechnology
Establishedtrackrecord
of newcomponents
synchronousgenerator
Useof VoithWinDriveTechnology
Useof carbonfiber spar inrotor blade
NoPower ConversionElectronics

Feature Benefit
Optimization Steps
Through the first year of operation DeWind engineers
collected large amounts of operating data to enable further
optimization of the performance of the Wind Turbine,
including:
Tuningpitchcontroller tooptimizeresponsetohighly
turbulent windconditions
OptimizingtheWinDrivetoaerodynamicperformance
anddrivetrainefficiency
Minimizingtransientsduringthesynchronizationprocess
therebyassuringsmoothramp-up
Optimizingcut-inandramp-upprocessesmitigatingflicker
and/or other gridphenomena
D8.2 Power Performance Curve
The Power Curve tests were performed by an accredited
wind turbine performance test engineering consultant to
measureandcertifythepower curve, inaccordancewiththe
guidelines published in IEC 61400-12. The resulting
measured power curve demonstrates that the D8.2 meets
and/or exceedsthewarrantedpublishedpower curve.
D8.2 Power Quality
Power qualitymeasurementswereperformedtoIEC61400-
21 standards by a recognized power quality testing
organization, producingthefollowingconclusions:
EnhancedVoltage-Ride-Through(VRT) performance
resultingfromtheinherent characteristicsof the
synchronousgenerator
Eliminatedsignificant transientsduringthesynchronization
processthankstotheSmart-Control algorithm
Reducedshort-livedvoltagevariationsresultingfromthe
favorableFlicker coefficient.
D8.2 Synchronization
Figure2showsatypical synchronizationprocedureramping
to rated conditions. The synchronization is smooth with no
significant transients. Theactivepower (brown) traceshows
the point of breaker close, with the subsequent ramp-up
slope controlled by the pitch control function (black) of the
control system. Anindustry-provencontrol unit automatically
controlsthesynchronizationprocess. Thisbehavior istypical
for asynchronous-generator-basedpower plant, and, isnot
typical for windturbinesof traditional design.
D8.2 Certification
DeWind has achieved a Statement of Compliance for Design
assessment fromDEWI-OCCto IEC61400 for both the 50 &
60HzD8.2Turbines.
D8.2 Reactive Power Capabilities
Oneof thekeyD8.2designgoalswasfor theD8.2tohavethe
abilitytoproducesignificant reactivepower. Figure3illustrates
the results of the tests, which confirmthe ability of the wind
turbinetodeliver 1MVARof reactivepower at ratedoutput.
Summary
I
Figure 3: D8.2 PQ Stability capabilities measured
Figure 2: Synchronization Process
nsummary, theCuxhavendemonstrationof theDeWindD8.2
performanceconfirmsthat theD8.2turbinemeetsthevisionof
itsdesigners. TheD8.2producesexcellent power performance,
power quality, reactivepower andreliability. ByApril 2009the
DeWindD8.250HzTechnologyDemonstrator hasoperatedfor
over 7600hrsandproducedmorethan6.4GWhof energy.
P
-Q +Q
Active Power
Active Power 2 MW Active Power 2 MW
-986 Kvar
-986 Kvar
D8.2 Reactive Power Capability
DFIGReactive Power Capability
986 Kvar
986 Kvar
Reactive Power
under-excited
Reactive Power
over-excited
Power
Stability
Curve
102030405060708090100110
40,0
18,0
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
8,0
6,0
6,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
2000
450
400
350
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
1500
1000
500
0
Datalog_071129_162000.svw
PitchAngle[*]
WindSpeedNacelle[m/s]
WinDriveOutput Speed[rpm]
ActivePower [kW]
WinDriveInput Speed[rpm]
For further info on Dewind Co. , Please contact
(949) 250-9491 or dewind.hq@dewindco.com
Summary
Direct-connecting utility-scale wind turbines on distribution
grids, as apart of thedistributedpower solution, continueto
rise in popularity in the US. Although site configuration is
simplified, gridintegrationof thedistributedutility-scalewind
turbines presents a newset of technical issues unique to a
distributed grid installation. This case study overview
summarizes some of the experience gained from direct-
connecting a single DeWind D8.2 to a 12.47 kVdistribution
linenear Sweetwater, Texas.
Introduction
In late 2007 DeWind began installing the first DeWind D8.2
60HzwindturbineintheUS, for TexasStateTechnical College
(TSTC), completing the project in 2008. TSTCutilizes the
turbineasatechnologydemonstrator, asatrainingplatformfor
the TSTCWind TechnicianAssociate Degree Program, and
asarevenuegenerator for thecollege.
Theturbineislocatednear theRoscoeHighSchool onCounty
Road608, approximately onemilefromthedistributiongrid,
onarelativelyflat site, asshowninFigure1.
The DeWind D8.2 2 MWturbine for this project is directly
connected without a step-up transformer to a 12.47 kV
mediumvoltagedistributionline. TheDeWindD8.2featuresa
hydrodynamicconverter, whichconvertsvariablespeedinput
fromthewindturbinerotor toaconstant synchronous-speed
output, uniquely enabling the mediumvoltage generator to
connect directlytothegrid.
Point of Common Coupling
ThePoint-of-Common-Coupling(PCC) istheconnectionpoint
to the distribution grid, and is equipped with the necessary
protectiontomeet theanti-islandingrequirements of thegrid
operator. At the Sweetwater site, the grid protection is
achievedbyarecloser equippedwitharelaythat providesthe
necessary over/under voltage, over/under current and
over/under frequency protection. The recloser is located on
thepoletotheleft inFigure2. Thecabinet, at thebaseof the
center polehousesthetransfer tripequipment, whichprovides
theanti islandingprotectionrequiredbytheutility. Thepoleto
theright isownedbytheutilityandprovidestheconnectionto
theexistinggridincludingtherevenuemeter.
Distribution Line Details
Figure3showstheone-linediagramof theoriginal distribution
system, including the turbine connection to the distribution
feeder, located approximately 7 miles from the Roscoe
substation.
Four automatically-switched capacitor banks were originally
installedonthefeeder asthesoleprovisionfor voltagecontrol
ontheline. Approximately 65%of theminimumloadonthe
feeder, roughly approximately 0.5 MVA, is located near the
substation, withthebalanceof theloadlocatedat theendof
the feeder. The X/R ratio at the PCC is a low 0.3784,
contributingtopotential voltagerisechallenges. Theminimum
loadandelevatedvoltageissuesonthefeeder wereparticular
challenges that required solutions. Acollaboration of the
customer and site owner, the grid operator and power
engineering design specialists tackled the issues and
developedthesolutionthat includedchanginglineimpedance
andapplyingdistributionlinevoltageregulationat the69kV
supply line upstreamfromthe 12.47 kVline, resulting in the
configuration that enables the turbine to operate while
concurrently enabling the utility to keep the feeder within an
acceptableoperatingvoltage.
Implementation of Utility Scale Wind
Power Generation on Distribution Grids
Figure 1: The Installed DeWind D8.2 at Sweetwater, Texas
Figure 2: Point of Common Coupling Equipment
Thecharacteristicsof theDeWindD8.2areacritical part of
the solution, since the directly-connected synchronous
generator provides excellent power quality with a much
broader reactive power capability than other wind turbine
configurations on the market today. The ability to provide
broadreactivepower support isgraphicallyillustratedinthe
capability curveof thesynchronous generator (reddashed
lineshowsstabilityboundaries) inFigure4. TheBluelines
locatedwell withintheoperatingregionof thesynchronous
generator showthe limits of a typical DFIG-based turbine.
The DeWind D8.2 can operate with a power factor of 0.9
leadingto0.9laggingat ratedpower, andcanoffer amuch
broader rangeof power factor capabilitywhende-ratedthan
the typical DFIG. This capability is very similar to
conventional power stationsandcanbeutilizedtostabilize
weakelectrical gridsand/or tocompensatefor lesscapable
windturbines.
To address the voltage rise phenomena resulting fromthe
low load on the distribution feeder at Sweetwater, the
followingactionsweretaken:
1. Twosectionsof thefeeder circuit wereupgradedtoa
larger conductor. Atotal of 14,800feet of conductor
fromthePCCtowardsthesub-stationwerereplaced
bytheutility.
2. Avoltageregulator wasinstalledat theRoscoesubstation
bytheutilitytoregulatethevoltageandensurethat the
voltageat thePCCdoesnot violatesystemlimits,
3. TheDeWindD8.2turbineprovidesreactivepower
without de-rating.
The revised one-line diagramof the distribution systemis
showninFigure5.
Turbine Performance
Oncethelocal utilitysgridissueswereresolved, aseriesof
tests were completed to assure any voltage rise on the
distribution feeder remained within operational limits when
the wind turbine was operating at rated power. Since
commercial operationbeganthedistributiongridhas been
stableandavailabilityhasbeenexcellent.
Summary
The DeWind D8.2 2 MWturbine at Sweetwater, Texas,
demonstratesthecapabilityof theturbinetointerconnect at
mediumvoltage without the need for a transformer, while
providing significant grid support with no additional
equipment, thereby demonstratingthevalueof this typeof
architectureinutilityscaledistributedwindgeneration.
Rosco
5447 Feet
4/0 AAC
19443 feet
1/0 ACSR
11821 feet
#4 ACSR
5200 feet
# 1/0 Copper U/G
DeWind8.2 WTG
CAP 1
CAP 2
CAP 3
CAP 4
PCC
Bus 3
Bus 4
277 kW
172 kvar
300.0 kvar
300.0 kvar
600.0 kvar
148 kW
92 kvar
2000.0 kW
600.0 kvar
Rosco
Voltage Reg.
5447 Feet
4/0 AAC
16457 feet
1/0 ACSR
14807 feet
4/0 AAC
5200 feet
# 1/0 Copper U/G
DeWind8.2 WTG
CAP 1
CAP 2
CAP 3
CAP 4
PCC
Bus 3
Bus 4
Bus X
277 kW
172 kvar
200.0 kvar
200.0 kvar
600.0 kvar
148 kW
92 kvar
2000.0 kW
0.0 bar
600.0 kvar
P
-Q +Q
Active Power
Active Power 2 MW Active Power 2 MW
-986 Kvar
-986 Kvar
D8.2 Reactive Power Capability
DFIG Reactive Power Capability
657 Kvar
986 Kvar
Reactive Power
under-excited
Reactive Power
over-excited
Power
Stability
Curve
For further info on Dewind Co. , Please contact
(949) 250-9491 or dewind.hq@dewindco.com
Figure 3: One Line diagram of orginal Distribution System
Figure 5: Revised One Line diagram of the Distribution System
Figure 4: Reactive power support capability