Competencies (Page 1 of 2)

• Distinguish between primary and secondary

storage
Chapter 8 • Describe the traditional floppy disk and
compare it to high capacity floppy disks
• Compare internal hard disks, hard-disk
Secondary Storage
cartridges, and hard-disk packs

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Competencies (Page 2 of 2) Introduction

• Describe ways to improve hard-disk operations, Data storage has expanded from text and
including disk caching, redundant arrays of numeric files to include digital music files,
inexpensive disks, and data compression and
decompression
photographic files, video files, and much
more. These new types of files require
• Discuss the different types of optical disks
secondary storage devices with much
• Describe solid-state storage, Internet drives, and
magnetic tape greater capacity than floppy disks. In this
• Discuss mass storage and mass storage devices
chapter, you will learn about the many types
of secondary storage devices including their
capabilities and limitations.

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Storage Secondary Storage Devices

• Primary storage • Secondary storage • Most desktop microcomputer systems have
– Volatile storage – Nonvolatile storage floppy disks, hard disks, and optical disk
– Temporary – Permanent storage drives
storage • Are used to save, back up, and transport
• Secondary storage
data files and programs
characteristics
– Media
– Capacity
– Storage devices
– Access speed

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1
 Traditional Floppy Disk
Floppy Disks
• Most common type is 2HD “two-sided, high-
• Portable or removable storage media density”
• Typically used to store and transfer small • Attributes
word processing, spreadsheet, and other – Shutter
types of files – Labels
• Floppy disk drives (FDD) – Write-protection notch
– Store data and programs – Tracks
– Retrieves data by reading electromagnetic – Sectors
charges
– Also called flexible disks and floppies

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High Capacity Floppy Disks Hard Disks

• Use thicker, metallic platters for storage
• Known as a floppy-disk cartridge • Faster than a floppy diskette
• Require special disk drives • Large capacity
• Most widely used is the Zip disk • Sensitive instruments
– 100 MB, 250 MB or 750 MB capacity
• There are three types of hard disks:
– Used to store multimedia, database, large text,
– Internal Hard Disk
and spreadsheet files
– Hard-disk cartridge
– Hard-disk pack
• Performance Enhancements

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Materials that Cause a Head Internal Hard Disk

Crash
• Located inside system unit
• Head crash is a disaster for a hard disk
• Designated as the C drive
• Advantages over floppies
– Capacity
– Access speed

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2
 Hard-Disk Cartridges Hard-Disk Packs
• Removable hard
• Removable hard disks disk
• Used to complement • Massive storage
internal hard disk Hard-disk cartridge capacity
• Capacities of 20 to 100 GB • Common in
mainframes
• Iomega is one of the most
• Are utilized by
widely used banks and credit
card companies
PC Card Hard Disks
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Performance Enhancements Optical Disks

• Disk caching • Hold over 50 gigabytes of data
• Attributes
• Redundant arrays of – Lands
inexpensive disks (RAID) – Pits
• Three types
• File compression – Compact Disc (CD)
and decompression – Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
– Hi-Def Disc

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Compact Disc Digital Versatile Disc

• Optical format • Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc
• From 650 MB to 1 GB capacity (DVD)
• Rotation speeds vary • Similar to CDs, but can store more data
• Three basic types • Three basic types
– Read only: CD-ROM – Read only: DVD-ROM
– Write once: CD-R – Write once: DVD+R; DVD-R
– Rewriteable: CD-RW – Rewritable: DVD+RW; DVD-RW; DVD-RAM

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3
 Other Types of Secondary
High-Definition Disc
Storage
• Next generation of optical disc • Solid-state storage
• Far greater capacity than DVDs
• Three basic types
– Read only
• Internet hard drives
– Write once
– Rewriteable
• Two competing hi def formats • Magnetic tape
– HD DVD
– Blu-Ray

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Ipods and Music From The

Solid-State Storage
Internet
• The Internet can be used as a medium to • Flash memory cards
locate and play music – Widely used in notebook computers
• A user can create compact discs, or transfer – Used to record MP3 music files
music to a portable player
• Requirements • USB drives Flash memory card

– Software – Key ring flash memory

– Hardware devices or flash drives
– Internet – Connects to a USB port

Key ring flash memory

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Internet Hard Drives Magnetic Tape

• Known as i-drive or online storage • External storage
• Low cost and can access information from • Provides sequential access
any location using the Internet – Information stored in sequence
• Oriented to either businesses or individuals – Slower than disks which provide
direct access
• Magnetic tape streamers or
tape cartridges used by both
mainframes and
microcomputers

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4
 Mass Storage Devices
• Mass storage refers to the tremendous
amount of secondary storage required by
large organizations
• Mass storage devices are specialized high-
capacity secondary storage devices
• Enterprise storage system
promotes efficient and safe
use of data across networks
within organizations
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A Look to the Future
Your Entire Life Recorded on a Single Disk
• Future secondary storage disks could
eventually store one terabyte
• Experiments with three dimensional
storing
• Video of an entire life
• Technology is being used to
rapidly scan photos and videos
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Discussion Questions (Page 2 of 2)
• Discuss solid-state storage, Internet hard
drives, and magnetic tape. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of each?
• Discuss mass storage, enterprise storage
systems, and mass storage devices.
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Careers In IT
• Software engineers analyze users’ needs and
create application software
• General employer requirements
– Bachelors degree in computer science
– Extensive knowledge of computers
and technology
– Good communication and analytical skills
• Software engineers can expect to
earn an annual salary of $53K to $88K
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Discussion Questions (Page 1 of 2)
• Discuss the traditional and high-capacity
floppy disks.
• What are the three types of hard disks?
Describe three ways to improve hard disk
performance.
• What are the two most common optical disk
formats? What is hi def? Describe the basic
types for each format.
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