An Integrating Paper

(1
st
Half)
THE EVOLOTUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE COUNTRY
ACCORDIN TO THE PINOY!
BY
CHRI!TOPHER T" ARCIA
Submitted to RO!ALINDA R" CO!ALITO# DPA
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in
P.A. 301: Theory and Pratie of Publi Administration
ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVER!ITY
!raduate Pro"ram # $aster in Publi Administration
%013
&'olution is the han"e in the inherited harateristis of biolo"ial populations o'er suessi'e
"enerations. Aordin" to (harles )obert *ar+in +ho theori,ed the philosophy of e'olution- a
proess that is .slo+ but surely/0 +hih is 'ery ommonly 1no+n as the proess of 2atural
Seletion. The definition of e'olution is not limited to the physial transformation of the
or"anism- it an 'ery +ell hold true to the physiolo"ial state of it has and +ill inherit from its
predeessor- or as the laymen +ould say . na mana ln" na0
2atural seletion ats to preser'e and aumulate minor ad'anta"eous "eneti mutations.
Suppose a member of a speies de'eloped a funtional ad'anta"e 3it "re+ +in"s and learned to
fly4. Its offsprin" +ould inherit that ad'anta"e and pass it on to their offsprin". The inferior
3disad'anta"ed4 members of the same speies +ould "radually die out- lea'in" only the superior
3ad'anta"ed4 members of the speies. 2atural seletion is the preser'ation of a funtional
ad'anta"e that enables a speies to ompete better in the +ild 5 Darwin's Theory of Evolution -
Natural Selection
In a "ala6y far far a+ay- let us loo1 ba1 to the period +hen the Philippine (ountry +as
founded7diso'ered/.. I meant civilized aordin" to the !reat ountry of Spain. In those
ultural times the Spaniards has set foot on our ountries soil they already inorporated to us
poor uneduated Indios a system fit for their 'ery o+n 2atural Seletion. They allo+ed a system
of "o'ernment for our ountry to +hih it benefited them the most- a system alled reli"ion.
)eli"ion per se is a means for the people to allo+ themsel'es to surrender to their faith8 the
Spaniards herein used reli"ion not of faith but of means. Their ations +ere all for the "lory and
po+er of their mother land Spain- usin" reli"ion as a fa9ade to not only spread their olony but to
also influene their sub:eted ountries in to thin1in" that +hat they are doin" is ri"ht and :ust.
The ri"ht and :ust of the Spaniards has been passed on to us dearly belo'ed Pinoys- the ri"ht and
:ust not for the people but for the ri"ht and :ust for the 'ery self. As pre'iously stated abo'e- the
early e'olution of our ountry is stron"ly influened by ho+ the onquerors ruled us- +e
e'ol'e7adapt to the belief of their ri"ht and :ust as our o+n and +e pass this speifi traits to our
youn";s in the days to ome.
Throu"h their passion and lo'e- the <ilipinos ha'e beome more i'ili,ed espeially if suh
<ilipino is in po+er. It is an unspo1en rule of our ountry- if you ha'e po+er- you are therefore
i'ili,ed- eduated- and most of all :ust and ri"ht. The sad part of it is that this rule an also be
applied to the people +ho ha'e no po+er- +hih an be assoiated to uni'ili,ed- uneduated
and sometimes almost ri"ht.
A lear and onise e6ample of this e'olution +ould be our dearly 'oted offiials in
on"ress7senates- +hat they belie'e to be true and :ust is not limited to the boundaries of the four
orners of their mind but they also belie'e that their true and :ust is the same true and :ust of the
people. =et us ma1e a he1list if suh offiials do really fit in the ate"ory of e'olution in
aordane to the Philippine standards- an offiial has po+er # he1- has profound 1no+led"e #
he1- has ulture and is i'ili,ed # he1 and he1- and the most important quality has truth
and :ustie 5 //..- you be the :ud"e.
>e are a multi5ultural "roup of people separated by the natural arhipela"i desi"n of our land
yet as a nation +e stand as one. Suh "randeur of idea- but only a fe+ has made a home for it in
their hearts. Ironially the 'ery fe+ +ho still belie'es in one nation are those +ho are in po+er-
they ahie'e suh state in life beause of the belief that they are fi"htin" for one ountry a one
nation- they made people belie'e in them- trust them- belie'ed that their dreams and hope +ill be
arried and fulfilled.
As an or"ani,ation +e ha'e definitely e'ol'e from a mere "roup of indi'iduals +ho only 1no+s
ho+ to sur'i'e to a lar"e "roup of persona 1no+in" only ho+ to onsume. Persona here is the
'ery symbol I an "i'e to the reent <ilipino people- +e as a person has already lost our
indi'iduality the moment +e be"an to thin1 for oursel'es. $a:ority of the <ilipinos prioriti,es
the thi1ness of their +allet and the influenes they ma1e to that of the urrent state of our
ountry.
The <ilipinos beame too bi" for their o+n "ood. The ultural inheritane from the anient times
of ?ne Bi" @appy <amily +as and is ta1en 'ery literal- durin" the times of our .lola;s and
lolo;s0. A family then onsisted of A510 siblin"s- onsiderin" the opportunities of +or1 and
employment then and the 'astness of the land it +as the ideal approah of e6pandin" ones +ealth
and territories. There is only one fla+- our anestors only tau"ht us ho+ to press the pedal of the
"as and not on +hen to press the pedal to stop. >e beame too populated as a ountry and +ith
our e'er so famous reli"ion +e lin" onto the hope that the "o'ernment +ill find a +ay- true
enou"h they did- the )esponsible Parenthood and )eproduti'e @ealth At of %01% a.1.a. )@
Bill.
The )@ Bill of %01% beame a 'ery ontro'ersial la+- for a ountry suh as us +ho has reli"ion
as the 'ery ore foundation of our by5la+s and the onstitution beame the 'ery la+ to oppose
suh teahin"s of the hurh- the teahin"s of our onquerors.
Aordin" to the (ommission on Population the Philippines no+ has a population of almost 103
million 3as of %0134 that "ro+s at the rate of %.0B perent a year. The lar"est onentrations of
the population are in the 2ational (apital )e"ion and )e"ion IC 3the pro'ines of (a'ite-
=a"una- Batan"as- )i,al and Due,on4. ?ne5third of the population is in the dependent a"es of 05
1B- +ith only E perent in the bra1et of the elderly. The population is pro:eted to balloon to 1E0
million by the year %0E0.
It does not ta1e a "enius to 1no+ +here our ountry is "oin"- if suh ultural pratie of
dependeny to the state and hurh still ontinues sooner or later our ountry +ill die out of its
o+n natural resoures. The ountry is not rih enou"h to sustain its li'elihood on importation of
"oods alone- if our leaders and hurhes belie'e that prayers and faith +ill 1eep the heart of the
<ilipinos as one- they +ill soon be slapped on their faes for the ruel truth that +hen hun"er
alone stri1es it +ill tear their 1indness to one another in piees.
The lar"e and fast5"ro+in" population is strainin" the en'ironment- +hih has to pro'ide
resoures to too many people and at the same time ta1e so muh +aste- pollution and to6i
byproduts from human ati'ities.
The ountry is hardly able to meet its "ro+in" population;s food needs. The prodution of rie-
the main staple- should ha'e inreased- but has in fat e'en dereased from %00A to %00F. ?ne of
the reasons is not enou"h land to "ro+ rie on- sine many of the ountry;s rie fields ha'e
already been on'erted to residential- ommerial and industrial uses. It is estimated that to fill
the additional demand for rie- an additional FG-GE% hetares of land ha'e to be ulti'ated eah
year. # !tate $f t%e P%ilippine P$p&lati$n Rep$rt '
It +ould be 'ery muh +ise to onsider if this is ho+ natural seletion really +or1s- to those +ho
ould not adapt to sur'i'e die a natural death and to those +ho li'e beause they allo+ed lo"i
and reason to "uide them rather than faith.
As reported by $s. &lide on Importane of ?r"ani,ations- an or"ani,ation adapts to and
influenes a rapidly han"in" en'ironment. The <ilipino people as a +hole is a slo+ adapter- it is
not our fault sine "enetially it is in our blood to doubt ne+ thin"s- fear of the un1no+n- fear of
han"e that in itself is our instint to sur'i'e8 +e li'e +ell on ho+ our anestors tau"ht us. That
is also +hy the ountry is dyin"- not by of our ne"li"ene but of our ulture to sur'i'e.
There are t+o types of or"ani,ations- for Profit or"ani,ation and for 2on5Profit or"ani,ation-
both of +hih are "oal dri'en in their o+n respeti'e ri"hts and funtions. <or Profit
or"ani,ation mana"ers diret their ati'ities to+ard earnin" money for the ompany- <or 2on5
Profit or"ani,ation mana"ers; diret efforts to+ards "eneratin" some 1ind of soial impat. @ere
in lies the pratied or"ani,ational struture of our ountry- +e operate to produe soial impat
+hile maintainin" or "eneratin" potential earnin"s for the ompany.
A 'ery Ideal system of or"ani,ation for a de'elopin" ountry suh as the Philippines- but in
e'ery system of or"ani,ation there is al+ays a fault if all parts are not oiled +ell- parts +ill
e'entually lo""ed up and ruin the system. This an be losely assoiated +ith ho+ our system
of "o'ernment +or1 if all are +ell ompensated- by ompensated I mean +ell blessed by the
abundane of money- operational output +ill be fast and effiient. And if some indi'iduals are
not "i'en their respeti'e shares they +ill do e'erythin" they an to 3pardon my french4/.
.F*cked up the system0
>hen I spea1 of or"ani,ation speially our ountries or"ani,ation an best be 'ie+ed or
understood as both a publi or"ani,ation and a pri'ate or"ani,ation. To be more speifi +e are a
Publi or"ani,ation operated by a Pri'ate or"ani,ation- +e ser'e for publi interest +hile the
people +ho +ill benefit suh ser'ies are the 'ery ones +ho promote it. A 'ery onrete e6ample
of suh system is our Priority *e'elopment Assistane <und 3P*A<4 the senate oats it as a
publi ser'ie for the people yet they use suh fundin" to fund the pro:ets they laim not to
1no+ are ine6istent. A ha1neyed desription of ho+ our system of "o'ernment adapts to the
ultural teahin" of our predeessors- pro'in" one a"ain that history is a @IS story- +e +ill
ne'er learn from suh history if +e still treat it as nothin" more than a story.
To pursue the Administration;s po'erty alle'iation a"enda- the "o'ernment mandated tar"eted
=!Hs in the poorest muniipalities and ities to raft loal po'erty redution ation plans
3=P)APs4 and identify the basi needs and ser'ies that they need for inlusion in the bud"ets of
partiipatin" national a"enies. As a result- the basi needs of EFE ities and muniipalities for
potable +ater- eletrifiation- farm5to5mar1et roads 3<$)s4- and a"riultural support ser'ies-
amon" others- +ere inte"rated in the bud"ets of nine 2!As30 and t+o !?((s31 in the %013
!AA. <or %01B- =P)APs of 1-%%G ities and muniipalities +ere inte"rated in the bud"ets of 1%
2!As3% and a !?((33. # %013 S?2A Tehnial )eport
The Bottom5up Bud"etin" is one of the e'olutions of ho+ the Philippine system of "o'ernment
alloated its bud"et for the people. The ountries set up of bud"etin" before +as from Top to
Bottom- the upper mana"ement deides +hat the lo+er le'el of "o'ernment needed for its
bud"et- this type of set up allo+ed them monopoly for the distribution of the alloated bud"et for
the fisal year. >ith the help of $r. Aquino;s trusted ad'isors- e'erythin" +as re'amped- this
allo+ed the lo+er setor of the "o'ernment to speify their request for bud"et alloation
reduin" fall ba1s on pro:et implementation due to la1 of fundin".
The ountry has been reei'in" ommendations from loal and international obser'ers for the
suess of its "o'ernane reforms- onretely translated in "eneral impro'ement in its ratin"s in
the follo+in":
a. The ountry;s ran1in" in the Transpareny International;s (orruption Pereptions Inde6
has impro'ed from 13Bth in %010 to 10Eth in %01%.IB
$oreo'er- Transpareny International;s %013 !lobal (orruption Barometer 3!(B4 reports that
3I perent of <ilipino respondents perei'e that orruption in the ountry has dereased o'er the
past t+o years. This is a si"nifiant impro'ement from the %010 !(B- +hih reported that only G
perent of <ilipino respondents belie'ed that the le'el of orruption in the ountry had dereased
sine %00I- +ith GF perent of the respondents belie'in" that the le'el of orruption in the ountry
had inreased. 5 %013 S?2A Tehnial )eport
?ur Transpareny =a+ for the "o'ernment has al+ays been follo+ed +ith muh "usto8 e'ery
detail of e6pedieny has been stated in bla1 and +hite. Then +hy is it that +e ne'er seem to see
any han"es if there is supposed to be fundin"J $aybe beause if the (?A or BI) or
?mbudsman really uses their oonut +ith a dash of ommon sense they +ill reali,e that +hat is
stated is ne'er the same as +hat +as bou"ht. The G perent stated in the tehnial report are those
respondents that are optimist in nature- belie'in" and trustin" the President has made a han"e
+hile the GF perent are those pessimist +ho has a lear eye 'ie+ for the impro'ement of
lifestyle of those .not0 orrupt offiials. 2o+ let us loo1 at ho+ the <ilipino speies in its o+n
natural en'ironment sur'i'e- it de'elop a radial ability to adapt to han"e in spendin" money-
they e'ol'ed further to sur'i'e a remar1able trait present in people +ho has po+er.
(harles *ar+in sientifi theory of e'olution has ne'er been so aurate in o5definin" the
e'olution of the Philippines8 the ountry itself de'eloped a funtional ad'anta"e for those that
are already in po+er lea'in" only those inferior speies to die out- un able to adapt and sur'i'e.