Pneumatic Systems
9 Pneumatic systems are designed to move loads by controlling pressurized
air in distribution lines and pistons with mechanical or electronic valves.
motor air
treatment
air
filter
condensed
water
water release
valve
4
valve
5
siphon
tube
lubrication oil
6
9 Cylinder is the actuator in the pneumatic system. When compressed air flows
into a cylinder, energy stored in the air will release, transferring into kinetic
energy to do work.
9 The input air pressure is 0.5 MPa, which means the air would exert a force of
0.5N on each square millimeters. If the area of the piston is 300mm2, then the
total force produced by the cylinder will be:
force = pressure × piston area
= 0.5 N/mm2 × 300mm2
300mm 2
= 150 N
壓縮氣體
compressed 0.5MPa
air 0.5MPa
8
Pneumatic Motor – Piston Type and Vane Type
output shaft
piston rod
piston
inlet
outlet
9
Example 2. Pneumatic Drill
control lever
disk valve
air inlet air duct
anvil
spring
blade
(a) (b)
10
spring
ball valve
11
spring
diaphragm
減壓閥表示符號
12
IN IN
OUT OUT
single
氣壓缸acting cylinder
方向控制閥
three port valve (3/2)
沖壓模
punching mold
15
3 2
1
3
2
1
(a) (b)
16
9 The one way valve allows air flow from only one direction. It is similar to
the diode in electric circuits.
ball球閥
valve
止回閥表示符號
17
1A 1B 1A 1B
1 1
梭動閥氣壓表示符號
18
D
3
2
1
a C
B
b
3
2
1
19
流量控制閥
flow control valve
21
1 2
3
1
5
22
9 In the valves described so far, the spool which controls the flow of air is
moved mechanically, by a button or lever.
9 In order to be automated, direction control valves in the pneumatic systems
have to be controlled by air pressure or electrical signals.
9 In air operated valves, the spool is moved by air pressure.
4 2 2
5 1 3 3 1
23
4 2
14 12
51 3
安全區域
safe region
3 3
2 1 1 2
24
electrical
電磁線圈 solenoid
spool
閥
(a) (b)
25
Hydraulics
9 The working fluid in a hydraulic system is incompressible. Thus a hydraulic
system can move large loads.
50N
400N
Pascal’s Law
100mm2
800mm2
A B
26
Hydraulic Systems
9 Pneumatic systems are open systems, always processing new air, and air is
simply exhausted to the atmosphere. Hydraulic systems are closed systems,
always recirculating the same oil.
cylinder
hydraulic
valves
oil pump
motor
oil
reservoir
27
one-way
valve
valve
release screw
28
Hydraulic Actuators
brake fluid
disc
master cylinder
brake pedal
brake caliper
pads
piston
wheel
cylinder
30
control
valve cylinder
oil
reservoir
relief valve
pump
31
Advantages
Disadvantages