1.

Original Jurisdiction
is the power to hear a case for the first time. It is the ability and authority to decide cases based on hearing testimony
and viewing evidence, rather than on appeal.

2. Appellate Jurisdiction
Is the power to review decisions and change outcomes of decisions of lower courts. It is the jurisdiction which a
superior court has to bear appeals of causes which have been tried in inferior courts.

3. Exclusive Jurisdiction
Exclusive jurisdiction refers to power of a court to adjudicate a case to the exclusion of all other courts. It
is the sole forum for determination of a particular type of case. Exclusive jurisdiction is decided on the
basis of the subject matter dealt with by a particular court. It is when when one court has the power to take
jurisdiction over a case, rather than many courts. The opposite is concurrent jurisdiction, which is where
more than one court can take jurisdiction.

4. Concurrent Jurisdiction
is the ability to exercise judicial review by different courts at the same time, within the same territory, and over the
same subject matter. For instance, a domestic violence matter may be heard in either a general civil court or a family
court in the same county.

5. Habeas Corpus
a writ (court order) which directs the law enforcement officials who have custody of a prisoner to appear in court
with the prisoner in order to determine the legality of the prisoner's confinement. Habeas corpus petitions are
commonly used when a prisoner claims illegal confinement, such as holding a person without charges, when due
process obviously has been denied, bail is excessive, parole has been granted, an accused has been improperly
surrendered by the bail bondsman or probation has been unjustly denied. A petition for habeas corpus may be based
on an error of fact or error of law. However, the determination made is whether due process rights were violated, not
whether the prisoner is guilty.
6. Quo Warranto

a demand made by the state upon some individual or corporation to show by what right they exercise some franchise
or privilege appertaining to the state which, according to the Constitution and laws of the land, they cannot legally
exercise except by virtue of a grant or authority from the state.
7. Petition for certiorari
is a form of judicial review by which the Supreme Court directs the lower court to transmit records for a case for
which it will hear on appeal.

8. Petition for prohibition
is a writ directing a subordinate to stop doing something the law prohibits. This writ is normally issued by a superior
court to the lower court asking it not to proceed with a case which does not fall under its jurisdiction.

9. Petition for mandamus
an order of, a superior court commanding an inferior tribunal, public official, corporation, etc., to carry out a public
duty.

12. Forcible Entry
one is deprived of physical possession of land or building by means of force, intimidation, threat, strategy, or
stealth. The techniques used to get into buildings or other areas of confinement when normal means of entry
are locked or blocked.

13. Unlawful Detainer
one unlawfully withholds possession thereof after the expiration or termination of his right to hold possession under
any contract, express or implied.

14. Probate

is the first step in the legal process of administering the estate of a deceased person, resolving all claims and
distributing the deceased person's property under a will. A probate court (surrogate court) decides the legal validity of
a testator's will and grants its approval (which word derives also from the Latin probo, probare) by granting probate to
the executor. The probated will becomes a legal document which may be enforced by the executor in the law-courts if
necessary. A probate also officially appoints the executor (or personal representative), generally named in the will, as
having legal power to dispose of the testator's assets in the manner specified in the will.


15. Family Courts

is a court convened to decide matters and make orders in relation to family law, such as custody of children. In
common-law jurisdictions "family courts" are statutory creations primarily dealing with equitable matters devolved
from a court of inherent jurisdiction, such as a superior court. The Family courts were first established in the United
states in 1910, when they were called domestic relations courts although the idea itself is much older.


16. Provisional Remedy

a generic term for any temporary order of a court to protect a party from irreparable damage while a lawsuit or
petition is pending