7 7

Living things and air

Living things and air
7.1 Gases in the air
(Book 2A, p. 3)
A What is air made up of?
(Book 2A, p. 3)
B Identifying gases in the air
(Book 2A, p. 3)
The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the (1) ____________________.
Air is a mixture of gases. The table below lists the methods for identifying the gases in the air:
Gas in the air Method to identify the gas
Nitrogen No simle test as it is (!) __________________.
"xygen #t ($) __________________ a glowing slint.
%arbon dioxide #t turns hydrogencarbonate indicator (&) __________________.
#t turns (') __________________ mil(y.
)ater *aour +ry cobalt chloride aer changes from (,) _______________
to (-) _______________.
Noble gases No simle test as they are (.) __________________.
"ther gases ///
+ifferences between the comosition of unbreathed air and breathed air:
0reathed air contains (1) ______________________ (more 2 less) oxygen than unbreathed
air.
0reathed air contains (13) ______________________ (more 2 less) carbon dioxide than
unbreathed air.
The amount of water *aour in breathed air is (11) __________________ (*ariable 2
saturated) while that in unbreathed air is (1!) __________________ (*ariable 2 saturated).
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - 1 - Lesson Worksheet 2A
7.2 Air and burning
(Book 2A, p. 15)
A What is burning?
(Book 2A, p. 15)
0urning is a (1) __________________ reaction between a fuel and oxygen.
"xygen suorts burning. +uring burning4 the chemical energy stored in the fuel is changed to
(!) __________________ energy and ($) __________________ energy.
The word e5uation of the rocess of burning:
B Conditions for burning
(Book 2A, p. 18)
The three conditions for burning can be reresented by the fire triangle.
C Putting out a fire
(Book 2A, p. 19)
To ut out a fire4 we can remo*e the (1) _______________4 cut off the (13) _______________
suly4 and2or lower the (11) __________________ of the fire.
%arbon dioxide/tye (1!) ____________________________ ut out a fire by releasing carbon
dioxide to dislace the oxygen/containing air surrounding the ob6ect on fire.
D Preventing and surviving fire accidents
(Book 2A, p. 19)
#n case of a fire accident4 (ee calm4 act 5uic(ly and rotect oursel*es from (1$) ___________.
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - - Lesson Worksheet 2A
7.3 How humans obtain energy
(Book 2A, p. 26)
A !btaining energy from food
(Book 2A, p. 26)
7ood stores (1) ________________ energy. #t is the source of energy for suorting our daily
acti*ities.
B Amounts of energy in different foods
(Book 2A, p. 28)
The (!) ____________________ of food shows the amount of energy ro*ided
by a certain 5uantity of the food. #t is measured in ($) ________________ ((8)
or (&) ________________ ((cal).
Ta(ing in more energy than we need may cause health roblems.
7.4 How green plants obtain energy
(Book 2A, p. 31)
A Photosynthesis
(Book 2A, p. 31)
9reen lants can ma(e their own food by (1) ________________________.
%omlete the aragrah by referring to the diagram below:
9reen lants ta(e in (!) ________________________ and ($) __________________ from the
surroundings. The lants then build them into (&) __________________ (in the form of starch)
using (') __________________ energy absorbed by (,) __________________ inside the
chlorolasts in green lant cells. "xygen is released as a (-) ____________________.
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - " - Lesson Worksheet 2A
Extension
The word e5uation of hotosynthesis:
B #est for the products of photosynthesis
(Book 2A, p. 32)
)e can carry out the (13) ______________________ to test for the resence of starch in green
lea*es. #odine solution changes from (11) __________________ to (1!) __________________
when starch is resent.
The uroses of the stes in testing for starch in a green leaf:
$tep Purpose
1 0oil the leaf in water. +estroy the
(1$) _____________________
of the cells.
2 :oa( the leaf in
(1&) ___________________.
;emo*e the chlorohyll from
the leaf.
3 )ash the leaf in hot water. )ash away the alcohol and
(1') _________________ the
leaf.
4 Add iodine solution to the
leaf.
Test for the resence of starch.
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - % - Lesson Worksheet 2A
oi!ing
"ater
a!coho!
hot "ater
hot "ater
iodine
so!#tion
Hydrilla undergoes hotosynthesis under light. )e can test the gas
roduced by the Hydrilla with a (1,) _______________________.
#t relights when it is ut o*er the mouth of the bottle. This shows
that (1-) __________________ is a roduct of hotosynthesis.
C &ecessary conditions for photosynthesis
(Book 2A, p. 36)
)e can carry out the following exeriments to find out the necessary conditions for hotosynthesis.
0efore conducting the exeriments4 we ha*e to (1.) __________________ the lant by utting it in
the dar( for at least !& hours.
To show that chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis:
<se a otted lant with (11) __________________ lea*es
in the exeriment.
=ut the destartched lant under sunlight.
%arry out the iodine test to test for the resence of starch in the
leaf.
The (!3) __________________ art of the leaf becomes blue/
blac( while the (!1) __________________ art remains brown.
%onclusion:
(!!) __________________ is needed for hotosynthesis.
To show that light is needed for photosynthesis:
)ra a art of a green leaf on a otted lant with a iece
of aluminium foil.
=ut the destartched lant under sunlight.
Test for the resence of starch in the leaf. "nly the art
exosed to (!$) __________________ turns blue/blac(
while the art co*ered with the foil remains (!&) __________________.
%onclusion:
(!') __________________ is needed for hotosynthesis.
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - ' - Lesson Worksheet 2A
Extension

"ra$$ed in a!#%ini#% foi!

Hydrilla
To show that carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis:
:et u the aaratus as shown. :oda lime absorbs
the (!,) ________________________ in the air.
=ut the destarched lant under sunlight.
Test for the resence of starch in both lea*es.
"nly leaf (!-) _________ contains starch.
%onclusion:
(!.) ________________________ is needed for
hotosynthesis.
D Importance of photosynthesis in producing food
(Book 2A, p. 41)
9reen lants con*ert (!1) _______________ energy from the sun to ($3) _________________
energy stored in the food roduced by hotosynthesis.
The feeding relationshi among li*ing things can be reresented by a ($1) ________________.
9reen lants are the ($!) ___________________ because they ma(e their own food. Animals
obtain food by feeding on lants or other animals. They are the
($$) ___________________.
7.5 Gaseous e!hange in animals and plants
(Book 2A, p. 43)
A (espiration
(Book 2A, p. 43)
>i*ing cells use (1) __________________ to brea( down food and release the chemical energy
stored in them. The brea(ing down of food in cells roduces (!) ____________________ and
($) ____________________. This rocess is called (&) __________________
().
The word e5uation of resiration:
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - ) - Lesson Worksheet 2A

soda !i%e
A &
!ight
Extension
B Gaseous e*change in anima+s
(Book 2A, p. 44)
1 The human respiratory system
(Book 2A, p. 46)
?a6or arts of the human resiratory system:
The lungs are rotected by the (1-) __________________4 which consists of the ribs4 the
bac(bone and the chest bone.
The actions of the (1.) __________________ muscles between the ribs and the
(11) __________________ brings about breathing.
2 Gaseous exchange in the air sac
(Book 2A, p.4)
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Extension
Extension
#n humans4 gaseous exchange ta(es lace at the surface of the (!3) _________________ .
Mastering Science
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9aseous exchange in the air sac:
3 The breathing mechanism
(Book 2A, p.48)
"a# $reathing in
1a When we breathe in, the intercostal muscles (24) __________________
and pull the ribs upwards and outwards.
1b At the same time, the diaphragm (25) ________________ and becomes
(26) __________________.
2 These movements (2) _________________ the volume o! the chest cavit"
and there!ore
the gas pressure inside it (2#) __________________.
3 When the gas pressure inside the chest cavit" becomes (2$)
__________________ than the atmospheric pressure, air is drawn into the
lungs.
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - . - Lesson Worksheet 2A
Extension
(!1) _________________
surrounding the air sac
"xygen asses into the caillary and is
carried to body cells for carrying out
(!!) _________________.
The carbon dioxide roduced in resiration
asses into the air sac and lea*es the body
when we (!$) ____________________.
Mastering Science
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"b# $reathing out
1a When we breathe out, the intercostal muscles (%&) __________________,
allowing the ribs to move downwards and inwards.
1b At the same time, the diaphragm (%') __________________ and returns to
its
(%2) __________________ shape.
2 These movements (%%) __________________ the volume o! the chest
cavit" and there!ore the gas pressure inside it (%4) __________________.
3 When the gas pressure inside the chest cavit" becomes (%5)
__________________ than the atmospheric pressure, air is !orced out o!
the lungs.
The rib cage model
)hich art of the resiratory system does each art of the model reresent@
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Mastering Science
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The balloon-bell jar model:
)hich art of the resiratory system does each art of the model reresent@
C Gaseous e*change in p+ants
(Book 2A, p. 54)
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D #he ba+ance of o*ygen and carbon dio*ide in nature
(Book 2A, p.58)
The diagram below shows how green lants and other li*ing things hel (ee a balance of
oxygen and carbon dioxide in nature:
Mastering Science
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Extension
:ome gases in the atmoshere (e.g. carbon dioxide) can absorb ('.) _____________________
from the sun and (ee the Earth warm. This natural henomenon is called the
('1) ____________________________.
0urning fossil fuels and clearing forests increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmoshere. This enhances the greenhouse effect and causes (,3) _______________________.
7.% Air pollution and smo&ing
(Book 2A, p. 62)
A 0ffects of po++uted air on our hea+th
(Book 2A, p.62)
0urning fossil fuels gi*es out large amounts of (1) _________________________.
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - 1' - Lesson Worksheet 2A
The effects of air ollutants on health:
Air po++utant 0ffect on hea+th
:ulhur dioxide4
nitrogen oxides
(!) ___________________ the eyes and throats
#rritate the lungs and causes ($) ___________________
diseases
%arbon articles #rritate the lungs
>ead articles Ad*ersely affect the brain functions
%arbon monoxide
>owers the amount of (&) ___________________ in the blood
and causes diAAiness and headaches
The (') ______________________________________ (A=#) ranges from 3 to '33 and is
di*ided into fi*e le*els. The higher the index4 the (,) ___________________ the air 5uality.
B 0ffects of smo1ing on our hea+th
(Book 2A, p.66)
:mo(ing and assi*e smo(ing largely increase the ris( of de*eloing resiratory diseases4
(-) ___________________ and (.) ___________________.
?atch the harmful substances in cigarette smo(e with their effects on health:
Harmful substance ffect on health
! Nicotine a #rritates the eyes4 nose and s(in
!! Tar b >owers the oxygen content in blood
!!! %arbon monoxide c %auses addiction
!" Bydrogen cyanide d :tains the teeth and finger nails
e %auses coughs and other resiratory diseases
f #ncreases heart rate and blood ressure
g %auses headaches and *omiting
h %auses throat and lung cancer
i >eads to heart diseases
!: (1) _______4 _______ and _______ !!: (13) _______4 _______ and _______
!!!: (11) _______ !": (1!) _______ and _______
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - 1) - Lesson Worksheet 2A
Extension
A
n
s
w
e
r
s
7 7 Living things and air Living things and air
,21
1 at%os$here #nreactive " re!ights % ye!!o"
' !i%e "ater ) !#e , $ink - #nreactive
. !ess 1/ %ore 11 sat#rated 1 varia!e
,2
1 che%ica! 3 " heat 3 !ight % oxygen ' caron dioxide
) 3 , 3 - f#e! ' oxygen ' high te%$erat#re . f#e! 1/ oxygen
11 te%$erat#re 1 fire exting#ishers 1" s%oke
,2"
1 che%ica! energy va!#e " ki!o(o#!es % ki!oca!ories
,2%
1 $hotosynthesis caron dioxide " "ater % food
' !ight ) ch!oro$hy!! , y-$rod#ct - caron dioxide
. food )starch* 1/ iodine test 11 ro"n 1 !#e-!ack
1" ce!! %e%ranes 1% hot a!coho! 1' soften 1) g!o"ing s$!int
1, oxygen 1- destarch 1. variegated / green
1 non-green +h!oro$hy!! " s#n!ight % ro"n
' Light ) caron dioxide , & - +aron dioxide
. !ight "/ che%ica! "1 food chain " $rod#cers
"" cons#%ers
,2'
1 oxygen 3 " caron dioxide ' "ater % res$iration
' oxygen ) 3 , caron dioxide ' "ater - ronch#s
. ronchio!e 1/ air sac 11 intercosta! %#sc!e 1 nasa! cavity
1" trachea 1% !#ng 1' ri 1) dia$hrag%
1, ri cage 1- intercosta! 1. dia$hrag% / air sacs
1 ca$i!!ary res$iration " reathe o#t % contract
' contracts ) f!attened , increase - decreases
. !o"er "/ re!ax "1 re!axes " do%e
"" red#ce "% increases "' higher ") ri
", chest one "- ackone ". intercosta! %#sc!es %/ o#t
%1 in % trachea %" ronchi %% !#ngs
%' dia$hrag% %) in %, o#t %- higher
%. oxygen '/ caron dioxide '1 caron dioxide ' caron dioxide
'" oxygen '% $hotosynthesis '' oxygen ') res$iration
', caron dioxide '- heat energy '. greenho#se effect )/ g!oa! "ar%ing
,2)
1 air $o!!#tants ,rritate " res$iratory % oxygen
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - 1, - Lesson Worksheet 2A
' Air Po!!#tion ,ndex ) $oorer , 3 - !#ng cancer 3 heart diseases
. c- f- i 1/ d- e- h 11 1 a- g
Mastering Science
Oxford University Press 2011 - 1- - Lesson Worksheet 2A