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Europe vs. North America Smaller Size More Northerly Location Environment - Climate Moderate Climate due to. North Atlantic Current Warm. Mildest on West Coast Coldest Winters?
Europe vs. North America Smaller Size More Northerly Location Environment - Climate Moderate Climate due to. North Atlantic Current Warm. Mildest on West Coast Coldest Winters?
Europe vs. North America Smaller Size More Northerly Location Environment - Climate Moderate Climate due to. North Atlantic Current Warm. Mildest on West Coast Coldest Winters?
North of Mediterranean Sea From Atlantic Ocean to Region defined by History Cultural Diversity European Union Small Region Densely Settled Environment Terrain Landform Regions Alpine Lowlands Uplands Highlands Formed by Plate Movement African Eurasian Glaciation Eurasian Plate African Plate Environment Terrain Ice Age 10,000-20,000 yrs. ago Continental Glacier Covered North Scoured to Bedrock in N Poor Soils Moraines to S Soils for Agriculture Environment Terrain Southern Alpine Mtns Pyrenees Alps Appenines Carpathians Balkans Dinaric Alps Environment Terrain North European Lowland Dense Pop. Agriculture Environment Terrain Central Uplands between Lowlands Alps Resources Coal Iron Environment Terrain Western Highlands W France W UK Wales Scotland Norway Glaciated Fjords Terrain Norway Barren Mountains Long, narrow inlets to the sea U-shaped Valleys Carved by Glaciers Fjords Cruise Ship Tourism Environment Seas Irregular Coastline Access to Seas Atlantic North Baltic Mediterranean Adriatic Black Environment Rivers Rhine Oriented West North Sea Trade route Danube Oriented East Black Sea Interior Europe vs. North America Smaller Size More Northerly Location Environment Climate Moderate Climate due to North Atlantic Current Warm Mildest on West Coast Coldest Winters? Inland Northward Environment Climate Environment Climate Humid Continental Cold Climate North Forests Marine West Coast Dairy Mediterranean Citrus Grapes Olives Environmental Modification Netherlands Low Country AKA Holland of Land ~ Sea Level Dam Cities Amsterdam Rotterdam Rhine Seaport Reclaimed Land Dike built in shallow water of North Sea Water pumped out Drained Land = Polder Land Mostly for Agriculture Grasses for Dairy Cattle Cheese Flowers Modified Environment Population 1. Germany 80 mln 2. France 65 mln 3. U.K. 60 mln 4. Italy 60 mln 5. Spain 45 mln Big Cities 10+ Million London, UK Paris, France 4+ Million Madrid, Spain Barcelona, Spain Berlin, Germany Population 70% Urban Higher 99% Belgium 80% UK Lower 49% Albania 46% Bosnia- Herzegovina Population No Growth Except for Immigration Aging Population Few Children Fertility Rate (Family Size) = 1.6 Population Fertility Fertility (Average # Children for each Women) Replacement = 2.1 World = 2.5 USA = 2.0 Europe = 1.6 Replacement Rate only exceeded 2.5 Kosovo 2.0 Ireland & France 1.4 Italy, Poland & Germany Population Life Expectancy Life Expectancy = 76 years Highest 80 years W, N, and S Europe Lowest 74 years Eastern Europe Low Fertility Rate + High Life Expectancy = Aging Population with few Children Population Migration Former Colonies to France from Algeria & Morocco United Kingdom from India & Caribbean Guest Workers to Germany from Turkey Population Migration Recent Migration Eastern Europe to Western Europe (MDCs) H I S T O R Y Languages I ndo-European Romance from Latin (200 mln) French Italian Spanish Catalan Portuguese Romanian Germanic (200 mln) German Dutch English Scandinavian Danish Swedish Norwegian Icelandic Languages I ndo-European Languages Belgium Split between Flemish (Dutch) Germanic Walloon (French) Romance Split between Romance French Italian Romansh Germanic German 65% Languages Switzerland Slavic (120 mln) Polish Czech Slovak Bulgarian Yugoslavia (South Slavs) Languages I ndo-European Greek (10 mln) Albanian (5 mln) Baltic Lithuanian Latvian Languages I ndo-European Uralic (20 mln) Hungarian Finnish & Estonian Celtic (1 mln) Scots Gaelic Irish Gaelic Welsh Breton (France) Languages Other Religion Christian Rom. Catholic S & E Europe Eastern Orthodox E Europe Protestant Lutheran No. Europe Anglican UK Religion Islam Albania Ghettos in many cities J ewish Pale Secularism No. Europe Czech Rep. Slavic Languages Roman Alphabet (Roman Catholic) Polish, Czech & Slovak Cyrillic Alphabet (Eastern Orthodox) Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian Greek Similar to Cyrillic Language & Religion Geopolitical History 20 th Century Two World Wars 1914-1918 1939-1945 Map redrawn several times Large Empires to Many countries Nations & Countries 1914 Large Empires Austro-Hungarian German Russian Ottoman (Turkey) No Sovereignty for Nations within Empires Nations & Countries Nations & Countries 1919 New Countries Poland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia 3 Baltic Republics (from Russia) Lithuania Latvia Estonia Nations & Countries Nations & Countries 1945 Boundaries Germany smaller & split (E & W) Poland moved West U.S.S.R. occupied East Poland 3 Baltic Republics Iron Curtain 1989 Cold War between USA & USSR Nations & Countries Nations & Countries More by 2008 Former U.S.S.R. 3 Baltic Republics Belarus Ukraine Moldova Slovakia Former Yugoslavia 6-7 Countries Former Yugoslavia WW 1 Created in 1920 Land of South Slavs Split in 1990s Former Yugoslavia 4 Languages Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovenian 2 Alphabets Roman Slovenian, Croatian Cyrillic Serbian, Macedonian 3 Religions Roman Catholic Slovenia, Croatia Orthodox Serbia, Macedonia Muslim Bosnia, Kosovo Former Yugoslavia Bosnia & Herzegovina Ethnicity 48% Bosniak 37% Serb 14% Croatian Religion Muslim Orthodox Catholic Ethnic Cleansing Serbia & Kosovo Ethnicity 76% Serb 20% Albanian Ethnic Cleansing Kosovo Cold War& After Iron Curtain Western Democracies NATO Soviet-sphere Communists Warsaw Pact East European Buffer Zone Economic Development Income (GNI) per person = $26,000 average World range $47,000 U.S.A. $ 2,000 Sub-Saharan Africa Highest $59,000 Norway $46,000 Switzerland $30,000s W, N & S Europe Lowest $15,000 E Europe $8,000 Albania & Bosnia Industrial Revolution Began in England Machines & Energy replaced handicrafts Mass Production 1 st for Textiles Steel-making located near... Coal (Energy) Iron ore Industrial Revolution Spread in 1800s to Belgium-France Germany Italy (Hydropower) Prior to WW 1 90% of World manufactures Created a Higher Standard of Living Economy Today Newer industry Near cities Now Post- Industrial Economy Services Economic Integration European Union 1957 Economic Common Market No Tariffs 1991 Political European Union Laws & Courts 2002 Monetary Euro replaced Economic Integration European Union 27 Countries 12 since 2004 Most formerly Communist Non-EU Norway & Iceland Switzerland Most of Yugoslavia Albania British Isles Republic of Ireland United Kingdom Great Britain England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Great Britain Terrain Highlands Most of UK Low Mountains Up to 4,400 Lowlands SE England Agriculture Great Britain Agriculture Mainly in SE England Farmers 2% of UK labor force Cant feed UK Imports 60% of its food UKs Largest City On Thames River Founded 2000 years ago Best place to cross river Bridge... England London England London 10+ mln Capital Relative Location... Close to mainland Trading Center England Industrial Cities Manchester Cotton Textiles Liverpool Seaport Birmingham Steel Cars England Industrial Cities Near Resources Coal Iron ore England Economy UK # 1 in Industry 1750-1900 1 st to Industrialize Abundant Coal Transportation (RR) Colonization 20th Century New competition Loss of Colonies Depletion of Coal North Sea Oil Scotlands Capital Scottish Parliament Some Autonomy Scotland Edinburgh Religious Division 55% Protestant Loyal to UK 45% Catholic Want one Ireland Belfast Segregated city Murals mark territory Northern Ireland Belfast Murals Protestant Belfast Murals Protestant Belfast Murals Catholic France Mountains Alps Pyrenees Coastlines Mediterranean Bay of Biscay English Channel Chunnel France Paris Founded on an island in the Seine River Great farmland France Paris Capital & Largest City France Terrain Paris Basin Ile de France European Plain Massif Central Rivers (Trade Routes) Seine (N) Rhone (S) France Agriculture #1 Food producer in Europe Wheat Dairy Cattle Grapes Champagne France Industrial Cities Paris Lyon Rhone Marseille Seaport Lille Steel France Tourism #1 most visited Country in World Different attractions Riviera Cannes France Tourism French Alps Mont Blanc 16,000 France Tourism Loire River Famous for Chauteaux (Castles) Churches Cathedral of Notre Dame Museums Louvre France Paris Tourism Monuments Eiffel Tower Germany Country Unified 1871 Industrialized quickly Center of WW 1 & 2 1945-1990 East/West Division Reunited 1990 Capital at Berlin Germany Berlin Within East Germany Divided into E & W Wall 1960-89 Split old center Historical Core in East Germany Berlin Wall Brandenburg Gate in East Wall in front Wall fell in 1989 But some remains as a reminder Germany Berlin Reunited Berlin New Center... Potsdamer Platz Old Center Historical Restoration Germany Berlin Cultural Diversity J ews exterminated 1866 Synagogue Restored 1995 Now Muslims from Turkey Germany Economy # 1 in Europe Population I ndustry Rhine River The Ruhr #1 Coalfield Germany North North German Plain Elbe River Hamburg #2 City Seaport Hinterland Germany South Bavaria German Alps Munich # 3 City BMW cars Beer Oktoberfest Germany South Germany Bavaria German Alps Italy Peninsula Alps Po River Basin Apennine Mtns Islands Sicily Sardinia Italy North Po River Basin Agriculture Industry Milan Fashion Turin Fiat Genoa Seaport Venice Ferrari, Maserati, Alfa Romeo, Lancia Canals of Venice Tourism Islands of Venice Italy Florence Art Center Michelangelo Sculpture David Italy Rome Capital Italy Naples Mt. Vesuvius Still active Destroyed 79 AD Spain Iberian Peninsula Bounded by Pyrenees Ocean Plateau Some Mtns 2 Countries Portugal Spain Spain Climate Mediterranean Climate Rainy Winter Dry Summer Mediterranean Crops Citrus Grapes Olives Spain Cities Madrid Capital Geographic Center Castilian (Spanish) Barcelona Seaport Economic Center Speak Catalan Spain Nationalities Romance Languages Catalan NE Spain (Barcelona) Galicia NW Spain Similar to Portuguese Basque (Unrelated) North Pyrenees Separatist