Chapter 1-1 Properties of Solutions

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1. Which of the following conditions most favors the process of
dissolution?
Strength of Attraction tretween Different Substances
Solvent-Solvent Solvent-Solute Solute-Solute
Iodine crystals dissolve in hexane more readily than in \4,ater
However, if the iodine crystals are left in the water for an ex-
tended tirne period, they will dissolve at the interface. Thrs carl
best be explained because
(A) iodine, although nonpolar in nature, has permanent
dipoles that can interact with the polar water molecules.
(B) iodine, although nonpolar in natur.e, has momentary
dipoles that can then interact with the polar water
molecules.
(C) iodine, although nonpolar in nature, has a large molar
mass, which allows it to interact with the polar water
molecules.
(D) iodine, although nonpolar in nature, has a relatively lou
melting point, which allows it to interact with the polar
water moiecules.
Arrange the hydroxides from least sotuble to most soluble
based on their relative K,n values.
, KOH /(,0
:
very large
, Ca(OH), K.o
-
5.0 x 16-e
A|(OH), K,o
_
3.0 10
14
(A) KoH, Al(OH)3, Ca(oH)2
(B) KoH, Ca(oH)r, Al(oH)l
(C) A1(OH)j, Ca(OH)2, KOH
(D) Ca(OH)r, AI(OH)r, KOH
8. A student attempted to dissolve a liquid ionic solute in a non-
polar solvent. The resulting mixture showed three distinct lay,
ers. This would be classified as a
(A) chemical change because the ionic solute and nonpolar
solvent did not rnix.
(B) physical change because the ionic solute and nonpolar
solvent did not rnix.
(C) chemical change because three distinct layers were
formed.
(D) physical change because three distinct layers were
formed.
9. Which compound would be expected to be the most soluble in
water'/
(A) C6H6
(B) CHBrj
(c) c6Hrl
(D) CH3NH'
6.
(A) Weak
(B) Weaker
(C) Weaker
(D) Stronger
Weak Weak
Weaker
Stronger
Weaker
Stronger
Weaker
Weaker
2. Determine the molarity of a solution that is made by dissolv-
ing 20.0 g of ammonium nitrate, NH*NOj, in enough water to
make 250.0 mL ol solurion.
(A) 0.2s0 M
(B) 1.00M
(c)
2.00 M
(D) 4.00 M
3. Nonpolar solutes dissolve more readily in nonpolar solvents
than polar solvents because
(A) the induced dipole of the solute molecule creates an
induced dipole in the solvent molecule and London dis-
persion fbrces occur.
(B) the induced dipole of the solute molecule creates a per-
manent dipole in the solvent moiecule and London dis-
persion forces occur.
(C) the pennanent dipole of the solute molecule creates an
induced dipole in the solvent molecule and London dis-
persion forces occur.
(D) the permanent dipole of the solute molecule creates a
permanent dipole in the solvent and London dispersion
fotces occur.
4. Predict what effect increasing the charge of the metal ion has
on the solubility in water of KCI compared with CaCl2.
(A) The solubility of KCl is less than that of CaCl2 due to
stronger Coulombic fbrces in the KCI.
(B) The solubility of KCI is less than that of CaCl2 due to
weaker Coulombic lbrces in the KCl.
(C) The solubility of KCI is grearer than thar of CaCl2 due to
stronger Coulombic forces in the KCI.
(D) The solubility of KCl is greater than rhat of CaClr due to
weaker Coulombic forces in the KCI.
5. Which of the following is the best explanation of how the ions in
KCI interact with a polar solvent in the process of dissolution?
(A) The K+ ions are attracted to the negative end of the potar
solvent, and the CI ions are attracted to the posirive
end.
(B) The K+ ions are attracted to the positive end of the polar
solvent, and the Cl- ions are attracted to the nesative
end.
(C) Both the K+ and the Cl ions are attracted to the nega-
tive end of the polar solvent.
(D) Both the K+ and the Cl ions are attracted to the positive
end of the polar solvent.
7.