• Be sure your question can be answered: never choose such broad topics as:
“Electromagnetic Fields”. You may not be able to work seriously on such a problem.
You must also be sure that your hypotheses can be tested scientifically: “Do angels
have a sex?” is obviously not a proper question
• After the problem has been posed, you must find evidence to try an answer to it. To
answer the first question in the examples, you should look for information (second
hand or secondary sources) because you probably don’t have a record of the last five
winters’ precipitations! The second and fourth questions can be answered carrying
out a series of experiments at home or in the lab. The third one needs a field work; you
should divide your garden in sectors that have to be carefully examined for different
species, collect samples etc.
• Once the evidence (data) has been collected, has to be critically analysed,
avoiding any previous ideas about the suspected results (pre-judice).
• Once you have chosen a problem you should think the general strategy to be
followed to answer it. Just a general idea to consult and discuss with your teacher.
He/she will decide about the feasibility of your investigation and give you hints to
make things easier and ensure the validity of your procedures.
• Once you have decided with him/her the method to be followed go on and work by
yourself.
• Look for some theoretical and/or practical information in which you can base your
work.
• Be careful to write down the sources you use. These sources must be properly
quoted in your coursework.
• Meet (at least twice) with your teacher to show him how things are going on: keep a
folder with all your notes, Internet downloads, photocopies from books, etc. Take care
to have all this stuff in order.
• Carry out your experiments carefully. Show your teacher your conclusions together
with the evidence so that you can both discuss whether everything is OK or needs to be
re-checked.
• Then organise your data and conclusions
• Present a draft copy so that formal errors can be corrected and your teacher can give
you some final ideas, or see if there are some parts that require extra work, that should
be emphasised, or perhaps cut out.
• A coursework should have a Front page in which the title, author, form (level)
teacher , school and date should be correctly and orderly shown. A separate page shows
a model of it.
• The second page (or the last one) is an index of contents (introduction, experimental,
charts, conclusions, bibliography).
• The coursework itself should be divided in four parts:
• Consulted bibliography must be quoted properly. A separate page will show you
how to do it.
• A science coursework should be typed in black ink, Times New Roman (preferably),
Arial, or other non-fantasy typing. Letters should have the standard size (12 for
Times New Roman or 10 for Arial, Verdana etc.) of your computer. Adequate margins
should be kept and pages must be numbered. Texts should be “justified”.
• Grammar and spelling will be evaluated specially in the Front page, so use your
dictionary or the computer’s corrector. British English should be used.
GRADING
BY
AUTHOR
JOHN GATORADE
SUBJECT
PHYSICAL SCIENCE II
9. WATER HARDNESS