AR 443A Lecture

Week 4:Urbanization and Human Settlements

Eduardo F. Bober, Jr.
Review of the Past Lessons
Human Society in the Ecological
Setting
- Evolutions/transitions of
societies
Cities/Urban areas defined and
understood understood
- characteristics/type of
perspectives
- parameters from various
agencies (LPC, NSCB, PNSO)
Why the need for a definition of
urban areas?
Phenomenon by which a
community or settlement
gradually or rapidly acquires an
urban character.
Growth in the proportion of a
population living in an urban
place
Urbanization
population living in an urban
place
A process that has a beginning
and an end
A process associated with the
development of civilization
Redistribution of population from
rural to urban settlement
(migration)
Distinguishing Characteristics
Level of Urbanization
proportion of people living in
urban areas
Urban Growth population
rate of growth rate of growth
(increase/decrease) in urban
areas
Pace of Urbanization average
change in the level of
urbanization (change in
level/time period)
Suburbanization
expansion of the city,
primarily of residential areas
spreading into the
countryside
Urban Sprawl result of Urban Sprawl result of
unplanned, uncontrolled
spreading of urban
development into areas
adjoining the edges of the
city.
Urbanism conditions of life associated
with living in cities, seen in terms of
changes in values, customs, and
behaviors of the resident population as
a result of living in the city. A response
to places.
Early sociologists suggest no clear Early sociologists suggest no clear
boundaries exist between the urban
and the rural, rather a continuum, or
mixing or live-out behaviors,
attitudes and beliefs that integrate or
interchange in urban-rural in their
particular contexts.
Urban-Rural Dichotomy
Rural Urban Proponent
Sacred Secular H. Becker
Folk Urban Redfield
Ascription Achievement T. Parsons
Particularistic Universalistic F. Riggs
Traditional Rational M. Weber
City life is characterized
by some level of
formality and a
severance of familial
relationships or
kinship ties.
Cities can become Cities can become
concentrations of
pollution, squalor
and decay due to
overcrowding,
vehicular traffic and
crime.
Human Settlements approach looking at cities as
physical locations for groups of human beings, which
should have the key elements for biological survival
and social interaction.
Human Settlement (UN ESCAP) means the totality of the
human community - whether city, town or village - with all
the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural
elements that sustain it.
The fabric of human settlements consists of physical elements
and services to which these elements provide the material
support. The physical components comprise the following:
shelter, infrastructure, and services.
Shelter, i.e. the superstructures of
different shapes, size, type and
materials erected by mankind for
security, privacy and protection from
the elements and for his singularity
within a community;
Infrastructure, i.e. the complex
networks designed to deliver to or
In 1973, Human Settlement
Commission (EO 419)
decrees 11 basic services
(needs) of man in a
settlement:
Education, Clothing, Shelter,
Medical Services, Ecological
Balance, Mobility, Economy,
Sports & Recreation
networks designed to deliver to or
remove from the shelter people,
goods, energy or information;
Services cover those required by a
community for the fulfillment of its
functions as a social body, such as
education, health, culture, welfare,
recreation and nutrition (UN
ESCAP)
Sports & Recreation
Water
Power
Food
Economics
Social
Sciences
Culture
EKISTICS
Konstantinos Doxiadis,
Greek Theorist rationalized
HS as a science which
includes planning and
design with contributions
from different
specializations.
Pol. Science
& Admin.
Technical
Aspects
EKISTICS
science of human
settlements
specializations.
Creating better settlements
for tomorrow can be
understood better looking at
the various elements of HS.
Ekistics units = man,
room, dwelling,
neighborhood, small
town, large town, city,
metro, conurbation,
megalopolis, etc.
Classifications:
Function
administrative,
recreational, industrial,
tourism. Financial, tourism. Financial,
religious, educational,
etc.
Evolutionary Phases
nomadic, agricultural,
urban-agricultural,
towns and cities
Factors legislation,
labor, financing, etc.
Discipline cultural,
social, technical,
political-admin.
Hierarchy of
Settlements
PUSH factor rural
population are forced to
migrate to urban areas due
to the following situations in
the countryside:
1. Lack of income
opportunity
2. Absence of acceptable
PULL factor rural
population are
encouraged to migrate to
urban areas due to the
following:
1. Job opportunities and
higher income
2. Modern facilities and
In the Philippine setting, HS growth is closely tied to population dynamics.
facilities
3. Undue resource and
environmental
exploitation
4. Continuing poverty
situation
5. Aggravated
helplessness
6. Armed conflicts
2. Modern facilities and
better services
3. Higher quality of
environment
4. Higher standard of
living
5. Vibrant social life
bright light
syndrome or the big
city phenomenon
OTHER FACTORS
(influence on population distribution)
1. Resettlement and relocation actions
2. Industrial Estates and growth centers
3. Highways and other major thoroughfares
4. Natural resources conservation and
reforms
5. Decentralization and autonomy policy
6. Agrarian reform
7. Urban land use reform
8. Sites and Services for informal settlers
9. Utilities expansion and urban security
10.Rural development programs
RA 7279_UDHA
REFLECTION: (Write an essay of not less than 2
(short bond paper) pages, double space, 1 cm border all
throughout, font size 12, arial narrow)
Given that the transformation of areas (from
rural to urban, country to town and cities)
always has a tremendous effect to the
environment, can our environment and natural
resources still support the biological needs of
the growing population? What is your stand in
the hotly contested debate on the countrys RH the hotly contested debate on the countrys RH
Bill? Do you think that population should be
stabilized in less developed countries like the
Philippines and the slow rate of population
growth in developed countries like in the US
and European countries be ignored? Why?
Why not?
The World of 7 Billion is a good read for this
exercise. Visit our class e_group for copy.
Thank you for being attentive.
Good day.