1.

5.8.1

Diferencial de longitud:
ds2 = dx2 + dy 2
ds2 = (b sin d)2 + (a cos d)2
ds2 = (a2 cos2 + b2 sin2 )d2
Longitud de arco en el primer cuadrante:
l=
l=

R /2 p

l=

R /2 q

Z
l=
0

/2

R /2
0

ds

a2 cos2 + b2 sin2

a2 + (b2 a2 ) sin2

s 

(a2 b2 )
2
a2 1
sin

a2

Usar m = (a2 b2 )/a2 :

l=a

R /2 p
1 m sin2
0
l = aE(m)

2.

5.8.3

Usar las representaciones en serie:

K(m) =
2

"

E(m) =
2

"


1+

1

1!!
2!!

2

1!!
2!!

2

#
m + ...
#

m ...

Restar las series:

K(m) E(m) =
2

" 
#
2
1!!

2
m + ... = m + ...
2!!
4

Dividir entre m y tomar el lmite:

lm

m0

K(m) E(m)
=
m
4

3.

5.8.5

Potencial magnetico vectorial:

f (k 2 ) = k 2 [(2 k 2 )K(k 2 ) 2E(k 2 )]
Usar las representaciones en serie:



f (k 2 ) = k 2 (2 k 2 )
1+
2



k2

9k 4
1
+
f (k 2 ) =
+
+
...

k2
4
64




k2
9k 4

k2
3k 4
+
+ ... 2
1

...
4
64
2
4
64




2
4
k2

k
9k

3k 4
1+
+
+ ... 2 1

...
2
4
64
k
4
64

Usar aproximaci
on k 2  1:
f (k 2 )

4.

k 2
16

5.8.6

a)
Z /2 p
dE(k 2 )
d
=
1 k 2 sin2 d
dk
dk 0
Z
dE(k 2 )
k /2
k sin2
p
=
d
dk
k 0
1 k 2 sin2
!
1 k 2 sin2
1
p
p
d
0
1 k 2 sin2
1 k 2 sin2
Z
Z
dE(k 2 )
1 /2
1 /2 p
1
p
d
1 k 2 sin2 d
=
dk
k 0
k 0
1 k 2 sin2
dE(k 2 )
1
=
dk
k

/2

dE(k 2 )
1
= (E(k 2 ) K(k 2 ))
dk
k
b)
Z /2
dK(k 2 )
d
1
p
=
d
dk
dk 0
1 k 2 sin2
Z
k /2
dK(k 2 )
k sin2
=
d
dk
k 0
(1 k 2 sin2 )3/2


Z
dK(k 2 )
1 /2
1
k 2 sin2 1
=
+
d
dk
k 0
(1 k 2 sin2 )3/2
(1 k 2 sin2 )3/2
Z
Z
1 /2
1
1
dK(k 2 )
1 /2
p
=
d
d
2
2
3/2
dk
k 0
k
(1 k sin )
0
1 k 2 sin2


dK(k 2 )
1 E(k 2 )
2
=
K(k )
dk
k 1 k2
2

5.

10.1.1
R

(z + 1) =

et tz dt

Resolver la integral por partes:

(z + 1) = et tz |
0 +z
(z + 1) = z

R
0

R
0

et tz1 dt

et tz1 dt

(z + 1) = z(z)

6.

10.1.4

et tz1 dt

(z) =
0

a) Hacer la sustituci
on t = u2 , dt = 2u du:

eu u2z1 du

(z) = 2
0

b) Hacer la sustituci
on t = ln(1/u), dt = eu du:
1

(z) =
0

7.

1
ln
u

z1
du

10.1.7

Hacer la sustituci
on x4 = t, 4x3 dx = dt:

1
4

ex dx =

et t3/4 dt

ex dx =

(1/4)
4

ex dx = (5/4)

ex dx = (1/4)!

8.

10.1.11

a) Hacer la sustituci
on u = ax2 :
Z
0

eax dx =

(u/a)s+1/2 u
e du
2(ua)1/2

eax dx =

1
2as+1
2

eax dx =

us eu du

s!
2as+1

b) Hacer la sustituci
on u = ax2 :

(u/a)2s u
e du
2(ua)1/2
0
0
Z
Z
1
2s ax2
x e
dx = s+1/2
us1/2 eu du
2a
0
0
Z
2
1
x2s eax dx = s+1/2 (s + 1/2)
2a
0

Z
2
(2s 1)!!
1
x2s eax dx = s+1/2
2s
2a
0
r
Z
(2s 1)!!
2s ax2
x e
dx = s+1 s
2 a
a
0
Z

9.

x2s eax dx =

10.1.18
(z) (1 z) =
z (z) (1 z) =

sin(z)
z
sin(z)

(z + 1) (1 z) =

z
sin(z)

z
sin(z)

(z)! (z)! =
Hacer la sustituci
on z = ix:
(ix)! (ix)! =
(ix)! [(ix)!] =
|(ix)!|2 =

ix
sin(ix)

x
i sin(ix)

x
sinh(x)

10.
Usar

10.2.4
z
= (z)! (z)!:
sin(z)


1
z
1
ln
= ln((z)! (z)!)
2
sin(z)
2


1
z
1
ln
= (ln((z)!) + ln((z)!))
2
sin(z)
2
!



X
z
1 X (1)n z n
1
zn
ln
=
(n) +
(n)
2
sin(z)
2 n=2
n
n
n=2
!



X
z
1
z 2n
1
ln
=
2
(2n)
2
sin(z)
2
2n
n=1

 X

1
z
z 2n
ln
=
(2n)
2
sin(z)
2n
n=1

11.

10.2.8

a)
(a)n =

(a + n 1)!
(a 1)!

(a)n =

(a + n)
(a)

b)
d (a)n
d (a + n)
=
da
da (a)
d (a)n
1 d (a + n) (a + n) d (a)
=

da
(a)
da
(a)2
da
(a + n)
d (a)n
=
[F (a + n 1) F (a 1)]
da
(a)
d (a)n
= (a)n [F (a + n 1) F (a 1)]
da

12.

10.4.2

a)
B(a + 1, b) + B(a, b + 1) =

(a + 1)(b) (a)(b + 1)
+
(a + 1 + b)
(a + b + 1)

B(a + 1, b) + B(a, b + 1) =

(a + 1)(b) + (a)(b + 1)
(a + 1 + b)

B(a + 1, b) + B(a, b + 1) =

a(a)(b) + (a)b(b)
(a + b)(a + b)

B(a + 1, b) + B(a, b + 1) =

(a)(b)(a + b)
(a + b)(a + b)

B(a + 1, b) + B(a, b + 1) = B(a, b)

b)
a+b
a + b (a)(b + 1)
B(a, b + 1) =
b
b (a + b + 1)
a + b (a)b(b)
a+b
B(a, b + 1) =
b
b (a + b)(a + b)
a+b
B(a, b + 1) = B(a, b)
b
c)
b1
b 1 (a + 1)(b 1)
B(a + 1, b 1) =
a
a
(a + b)
b1
b 1 a(a)(b 1)
B(a + 1, b 1) =
a
a
(a + b)
Usar z(z) = (z + 1) con z = b 1:
b1
(a)(b 1 + 1)
B(a + 1, b 1) =
a
(a + b)
b1
B(a + 1, b 1) = B(a, b)
a
d)
B(a, b) B(a + b, c) =

(a)(b) (a + b)(c)
(a + b) (a + b + c)

B(a, b) B(a + b, c) =
B(a, b) B(a + b, c) =

(a)(b)(c)
(a + b + c)

(b)(c) (b + c)(a)
(b + c) (b + c + a)

B(a, b) B(a + b, c) = B(b, c) B(a, b + c)

6

13.

10.4.2

Hacer el cambio de variable x = cos 2u, dx = 2 sin 2u:

Z 1
Z
(1 + x)a (1 x)b dx = 2
1

(1 + cos 2u)a (1 cos 2u)b sin 2udu

/2

1
a

(1 + x) (1 x) dx = 2
1

/2

(1 + cos2 u sin2 u)a (1 cos2 u + sin2 u)b 2 sin u cos udu

(1 + x)a (1 x)b dx = 2

/2

(1 + cos2 u 1 + cos2 u)a (1 cos2 u + 1 cos2 u)b 2 sin u cos udu

(1 + x)a (1 x)b dx = 2

/2

(2 cos2 u)a (2 2 cos2 u)b 2 sin u cos udu

0
1

(1 + x)a (1 x)b dx = 2a+b+2

/2

(cos2 u)a (sin2 u)b sin u cos udu

(1 + x)a (1 x)b dx = 2a+b+2

/2

cos2a+1 u sin2b+1 udu

(1 + x)a (1 x)b dx = 2a+b+1 B(a + 1, b + 1)

14.

10.5.8
Z
En (x) =
1

ext
dt
tn

Resolver la integral por partes tomando u = tn y dv = ext dt:

 xt 
Z
e
n ext
dt
En (x) =

xtn 1
x 1 tn+1
En (x) =

ex
n
En+1 (x)
x
x

En+1 (x) =

15.

x
ex
En (x)
n
n

11.1.3

Funci
on generadora:

e(x/2)(t1/t) =

n=

Jn (x)tn

Cambiar los signos de x y t:

Jn (x)tn =

n=

Jn (x)(t)n

n=

Jn (x)tn =

n=

(1)n Jn (x)tn

n=

Para que se cumpla la relaci

on anterior, es necesario que para todo n:
Jn (x) = (1)n Jn (x)

16.

11.1.6

Funci
on generadora:
g(x, t) = e(x/2)(t1/t)
a) Asumir que:

g(x, t) =

Jm (x)tm

m=
n

b) Multiplicar la ecuaci
on de recurrencia por t y sumar sobre n:
Jn1 + Jn+1 = 2n/xJn
(Jn1 + Jn+1 )tn = (2n/xJn )tn
X
X
(Jn1 + Jn+1 )tn = 2/x
nJn tn
n

c) Reescribir el resultado:
X

nJn tn1 =

g(x, t)
t

2t g(x, t) X
=
(Jn1 + Jn+1 )tn
x
t
n
X
1X
2t g(x, t)
=t
Jn1 tn1 +
Jn+1 tn+1
x
t
t
n
n
2t g(x, t)
1
= tg(x, t) + g(x, t)
x
t
t


2t g(x, t)
1
= t+
g(x, t)
x
t
t
8

Resolver por separaci

on de variables:


1
x
1 + 2 dt
2
t


x
1
ln(g) =
t
+ c(x)
2
t
Z

dg
=
g

g(x, t) = Ce(x/2)(t1/t)
d) Ajustar la constante de integraci
on:
g(x, t) = Cext/2 ex/2t
n X


 x k 1
X
xt
1
g(x, t) = C
(1)k
2
n!
2t k!
n=0
k=0

Si n = k:

g(x, t) = C

(1)n

n=0

 x n 1
2 (n!)2

Se identifica la sumatoria anterior como el termino J0 , entonces para obtener el resultado C = 1.

17.

11.1.9

Integral de Schlaefli:
1
2i

Jn (x) =

I
C

e(x/2)(t1/t)
dt
tn+1

Hacer el cambio de variable t = e :

Jn (x) =

1
2i

eix((e

ei )/2i)

iein d

1
Jn (x) =
2

eix sin in d

Utilizar el caso n = 0:
J0 (x) =
1
J0 (x) =
2

1
2

eix sin d

Z 2
i
cos (x sin )d +
sin (x sin )d
2 0
0
Z
2 /2
J0 (x) =
cos (x sin )d
0

Hacer el cambio de variable k = sen :

J0 (x) =

Z
0

cos (xk)

dk
1 k2

18.

11.5.6

Funci
on modificada de Bessel:
n+1
i
(Jn (ix) + iYn (ix))
2

Kn (x) =



n+1
i cos (n)
i
i
Jn (ix) +
Jn (ix)
Jn (ix)
2
sin (n)
sin (n)

Kn (x) =

in+1 (iein Jn (ix) iJn (ix))

2 sin (n)

Kn (x) =

Kn (x) =

(in+2 ein In (x) + In (x))

2 sin (n)

(In (x) In (x))

2 sin (n)

Kn (x) =
Cambiando n por n:

(In (x) In (x))

2 sin (n)

Kn (x) =
Kn (x) =

(In (x) In (x))

2 sin (n)

Kn (x) =

(In (x) In (x))

2 sin (n)

Kn (x) = Kn (x)

19.

11.5.11

Funci
on modificada de Bessel:

cos (zt)

dt
t2 + 1

K0 (z) =
0

Multiplicar por cos (zu) e integrar:

Z

Z
cos (zu)K0 (z)dz =

Z
cos (zu)K0 (z)dz =

1
+1

t2

Z
cos (zu)K0 (z)dz =

Z
cos (zu)

cos (zu)K0 (z)dz =

0

Hacer los cambios de variable u = x/y y z = yt:

10

cos (zt)

dtdz
t2 + 1

cos (zu) cos (zt)dzdt

0

1
(t u)dt
+1 2

t2

2 u2 + 1

cos (xt)K0 (yt)ydt =

0

cos (xt)K0 (yt)dt = p

20.

y
p
2
2 x + y2

1
x2 + y 2

cos (xt)K0 (yt)dt =

0

1
r

11.7.4

a) Relaci
on de recurrencia:
2m
Jm = Jm1 + Jm+1
x
r

Usar m = n + 1/2 y la relaci

on jn =

Jn+1/2 :
2x
r
r
r
2(n + 1/2) 2x
2x
2x
jn =
jn1 +
jn+1
x

2n + 1
jn = jn1 + jn+1
x

b) Relaci
on de recurrencia:
0
= Jm1 Jm+1
2Jm

Usar m = n + 1/2 y la relaci

on jn =

Jn+1/2 :
2x
r
r 
 r
jn
2x
2x
2x
0
2jn +
=
jn1
jn+1

2jn0 +

jn
= jn1 jn+1
x

Sustituir el segundo termino utilizando la ecuaci

on de recurrencia de la parte anterior:
2jn0 +

1
(jn1 + jn+1 ) = jn1 jn+1
2n + 1

2(2n + 1)jn0 = 2njn1 (2n + 2)jn+1

(2n + 1)jn0 = njn1 (n + 1)jn+1

11

21.

13.1.3

Funci
on generadora:
2

g(x, t) = et
et

+2tx

v
X
t
v=0

t2 +2tx

+2tx

(2x t)v

v  
v X
X
v
t
v=0

et

v!

+2tx

X
v
X

v!

s=0

(2x)vs (t)s

tv+s (1)s (v + s)!(2x)vs

(v + s)!
s!(v s)!

v=0 s=0

Cambiar la variable v por n = v + s:

et

+2tx

n/2
n X
X
t
(1)s n!(2x)n2s
n! s=0
s!(n 2s)!
n=0

Entonces:
Hn (x) =

n/2
X
(1)s n!(2x)n2s

s!(n 2s)!

s=0

22.

13.1.5

Probar que se cumple para n = 0:

H0 (x) =


0
d
2x
1=1
dx

Asumir que se cumple para cualquier n:


2x

Hn (x) =

d
dx

n
1

Probar que se cumple para n + 1:

n+1
d
Hn+1 (x) = 2x
1
dx

n

d
d
2x
1
Hn+1 (x) = 2x
dx
dx


d
Hn (x)
Hn+1 (x) = 2x
dx


Hn+1 (x) = 2xHn (x) Hn0 (x)

Se obtiene una relaci
on de recurrencia conocida, entonces se cumple para n + 1.
12

23.

13.1.11

Usar la relaci
on de recurrencia:
2xHn (x) = Hn+1 (x) + 2nHn1 (x)


Z
x2
x2 Hn+1 (x)
xe
Hn (x)Hm (x)dx =
e
+ nHn1 (x) Hm (x)dx
2

Z
Z
Z
2
1 x2
x2
e
xe
Hn (x)Hm (x)dx =
Hn+1 (x)Hm (x)dx + n
ex Hn1 (x)Hm (x)dx
2

2
xex Hn (x)Hm (x)dx = 2n (n + 1)! m,n+1 + n! 2n1 m,n1
Z

24.

13.1.12

Usar la relaci
on de recurrencia:
2xHn (x) = Hn+1 (x) + 2nHn1 (x)

2
Z

x2
x2 Hn+1 (x)
e
e
xHn (x)xHn (x)dx =
+ nHn1 (x) dx
2


 2
Z
Z
2 2
x2
x2 Hn+1 (x)
+ nHn+1 (x)Hn1 (x) + n Hn1 dx
e
xHn (x)xHn (x)dx =
e
4

Z
Z
Z
2
1 x2
x2
2
e
xHn (x)xHn (x)dx =
e
Hn+1 (x)Hn+1 (x)dx + n
ex Hn1 (x)Hn1 (x)dx
4

2
1
ex xHn (x)xHn (x)dx = 2n+1 (n + 1)! + n2 2n1 (n 1)!
4

2
ex xHn (x)xHn (x)dx = 2n1 [(n + 1)! + n2 (n 1)!]
Z

2
ex xHn (x)xHn (x)dx = 2n1 [(n + 1)(n)! + n(n)!]

2
ex xHn (x)xHn (x)dx = 2n (n)! [n + 1/2]

25.

13.2.1
Ln (x) =

ex dn n x
(x e )
n! dxn

n  
n!
ex X n
xnm (1)nm ex
Ln (x) =
n! m=0 m (n m)!

Ln (x) =

n
ex X (1)nm n! xnm
n! m=0 m! ((n m)!)2

13

26.

13.2.7

Usar la relaci
on de recurrencia:
xLkn = (2n + k + 1)Lkn (n + k)Lkn1 (n + 1)Lkn+1
Z
Z
ex xk+1 Lkn Lkn dx =
ex xk [(2n + k + 1)Lkn (n + k)Lkn1 (n + 1)Lkn+1 ]Lkn dx
0

x k+1

Lkn Lkn dx

ex xk Lkn Lkn dx

= (2n + k + 1)
0

ex xk+1 Lkn Lkn dx = (2n + k + 1)

27.

(n + k)!
n!

13.4.7

Usar la expansi
on binomial de (1 tz)a :

Z 1
Z 1

X
(c)
(c)
a
b1
cb1
a
(1 tz) dt =
t (1 t)
(1)k z k
tb1 (1 t)cb1 tk dt
(b)(c b) 0
(b)(c b)
k
0
k=0

(c)
(b)(c b)

1
b1

cb1

(1 t)

(1 tz)

Evaluar la funci
on beta y usar la relaci
on
(c)
(b)(c b)



X
a
(c)
(1)k z k B(b + k, c b)
dt =
k
(b)(c b)
k=0

a
k


=

(1)k (a)k
:
k!

X (a)k (b + n)(c b)
(c)
zk
(b)(c b)
k!
(c + n)

tb1 (1 t)cb1 (1 tz)a dt =

(c)
(b)(c b)

k=0

tb1 (1 t)cb1 (1 tz)a dt =

X
(a)k
k=0

(c)
(b)(c b)

k!

zk

(c)
(b)(c b)

28.

tb1 (1 t)cb1 (1 tz)a dt =

(b + n 1)! (c 1)!
(b 1)! (c + n 1)!

X
(a)k (b)k z k
(c)k k!

k=0
1

tb1 (1 t)cb1 (1 tz)a dt = 2 F1 (a, b, c; z)

13.4.8
2 F1 (a, b, c; 1)

(c)
(b)(c b)

2 F1 (a, b, c; 1)

tb1 (1 t)cb1 (1 t)a dt

(c)
(b)(c b)
14

Z
0

tb1 (1 t)cba1 dt

2 F1 (a, b, c; 1)

2 F1 (a, b, c; 1)

(c)
(b)(c b a)
(b)(c b) (b + c b a)

2 F1 (a, b, c; 1)

29.

(c)
B(b, c b a)
(b)(c b)

(c) (c b a)
(c b) (c a)

13.4.9



a
Z 1
x
(c)
tx
cb1
b1
F
a,
c

b,
c;
t
dt
=
(1

t)
1

2 1
1x
(c b)(b) 0
1x


Z
x
(c)(1 x)a 1 cb1
F
a,
c

b,
c;
t
(1 t)b1 (1 (1 t)x)a dt
=
2 1
1x
(c b)(b) 0

Hacer el cambio de variable k = 1 t:



Z
x
(c)(1 x)a 1
(1 k)cb1 k b1 (1 kx)a dt
=
2 F1 a, c b, c;
1x
(c b)(b) 0


x
= (1 x)a 2 F1 (a, b, c; x)
2 F1 a, c b, c;
1x


x
a
2 F1 (a, b, c; x) = (1 x)
2 F1 a, c b, c;
1x

30.

13.4.10

Utilizar el resultado del ejercicio 13.4.8:

2 F1 (n, b, c; 1)

2 F1 (n, b, c; 1)

(c) (c b + n)
(c b) (c + n)

(c 1)! (c b + n 1)!
(c + n 1)! (c b 1)!

2 F1 (n, b, c; 1)

31.

(c b)n
(c)n

13.5.1



2x
1 3
2x X (1)n (1/2)n x2n
2
M
, ; x =
2 2
(3/2)n n!

n=0

Notar que:
(1/2)n
1/2
1
=
=
(3/2)n
n + 1/2
2n + 1
15

Entonces:



1 3
2x
2 X (1)n x2n+1
M
, ; x2 =
2 2

n=0 (2n + 1)n!



2x
1 3
2
M
, ; x = erf (x)
2 2

32.

13.5.5

Usar las definiciones de las integrales seno y coseno:

Z

Ci(x) + si(x) =
x

eit
dt
t

Hacer el cambio de variable t = iy:

Z

Ci(x) + si(x) =
ix

ey
dy
y

Ci(x) + si(x) = E1 (ix)

Usar la representaci
on integral de la funci
on hipergeometrica confluente:
Z xt
e
1
dt
U (1, 1; x) =
(1) 0 1 + t
Z x(t+1)
e
U (1, 1; x) = ex
dt
1+t
0
Z xt
e
x
dt
U (1, 1; x) = e
t
1
U (1, 1; x) = ex E1 (x)
Combinar los dos resultados para obtener:
Ci(x) + si(x) = eix U (1, 1; ix)

33.

13.5.9

a)
Z 1
(c)
ext ta1 (1 t)ca1 dt
M (a, c; x) =
(a)(c a) 0
Z 1
d
(c)
a
M (a, c; x) =
ext ta (1 t)ca1 dt = M (a + 1, c + 1; x)
dx
(a)(c a) 0
c
Z 1
d2
(c)
a(a + 1)
M
(a,
c;
x)
=
ext ta+1 (1 t)ca1 dt =
M (a + 2, c + 2; x)
dx2
(a)(c a) 0
c(c + 1)
16

En general:
(a)n
dn
M (a, c; x) =
M (a + n, c + n; x)
dxn
(c)n
b)
U (a, c; x) =

1
(a)

ext ta1 (1 + t)ca1 dt

Z
d
1
ext ta (1 + t)ca1 dt = (1)aU (a + 1, c + 1; x)
U (a, c; x) =
dx
(a) 0
Z
1
d2
U (a, c; x) =
ext ta+1 (1 + t)ca1 dt = (1)2 a(a + 1)U (a + 2, c + 2; x)
dx2
(a) 0
En general:
dn
U (a, c; x) = (1)n (a)n U (a + n, c + n; x)
dxn

34.

13.5.11
M (a, c; x) =

(c)
(a)(c a)

ext ta1 (1 t)ca1 dt

Hacer el cambio de variable t = 1 s:

(c)
(a)(c a)

M (a, c; x) =

M (a, c; x) =

(c)ex
(a)(c a)

ex(1s) (1 s)a1 sca1 ds

0
1

exs) (1 s)a1 sca1 ds

0
x

M (a, c; x) = e M (c a, c; x)

35.

13.5.12
U (1, 1; x) = ex

Z
0

U (1, 1; x) = ex

Z
1

ex(t+1)
dt
1+t

ext
dt
t

U (1, 1; x) = ex E1 (x)
E1 (x) = ex U (1, 1; x)

17

36.

15.3.16
Z

1
(2)3/2

g(k) =

f (r)eikr d3 r =

1
(2)3/2 k 2

Usar transformada de Fourier:

Z

1
f (r) =
(2)3/2
1
f (r) =
(2)3/2

1
f (r) =
8 3

eikr cos sin dddk

1
4 2

f (r) =

1
eikr cos k 2 sin dddk
(2)3/2 k 2

g(k)eikr d3 k

eikr cos sin ddk

Hacer el cambio de variable u = cos :

f (r) =

f (r) =

1
4 2

1
4 2

37.

eikru dudk

eikr eikr
dk
ikr

1
f (r) =
2 2
f (r) =

sin(kr)
dk
kr

1
1
=
2
2 2r
4r

15.5.7

a)
1
F (t) =
2

Z
0

x  itx
e dx +
1
2

x  itx
e dx
1+
2

 2it

e
1
2it + 1 e2it
2it 1

2 +
F (t) =

2t
2t2
2t2
2t2
2
 2it

1
e 2 + e2it
F (t) =

2t2
2
r 
2
2 sin t
F (t) =

t
b)
18

sin t
t

sin t
t

2

Z
dx = 2

x 2
dx
2

0
2

Z
0

[f (x)]2 dx

dx =

dx = 2

2

sin t
t

38.

2

sin t
t

sin t
t



x2
1x+
dx
4

2
dx =

2
dx =

4
3

2
3

15.5.9

a)
r

2
a
f (x) = eax
2
+ a2
!2
r
Z

2
2
a
d =
eax dx
2
2
+a
0

F () =
Z

2
a
2 + a2

1
2 + a2

!2
d =

2
d =

1
2a

4a3

b)
r

f (x) = eax
2 + a2
!2
r
Z

2

2
d
=
eax dx
2
2
+a
0

F () =
Z
0

Z
0

2 + a2

2 + a2

19

!2
d =

2
d =

1
2a

4a

39.

15.6.8
1
F (k) =
(2)3/2

Z
(r)e

1
d r=
(2)3/2

ikr 3

k2
1+ 2
a

1

Usar transformada de Fourier:

1
(2)3/2

(r) =

(r) =

1
(2)3/2

a2
8 3

1
(2)3/2
2

F (k)eikr d3 k


a2
2
a + k2

eikr cos k 2 sin dddk


1
eikr cos k 2 sin dddk
2 + k2
a
0
0
0

Z
Z


1
a2
(r) =
eikr cos k 2 sin ddk
2 + k2
4 2 0
a
0

(r) =

Hacer el cambio de variable u = cos :

(r) =

a2
4 2

1
a2 + k 2

eikru k 2 dudk

 ikr
e eikr
k2
dk
2
2
a +k
ikr
0

Z 
a2
k
sin(kr)
(r) =
dk
2 2 0
a2 + k 2
r

(r) =

a2
4 2

(r) =

40.

a2 ear
4 2 r

15.8.3



cos(at) cos(bt)
1
L
(L {cos(at)} L {cos(bt)})
= 2
b2 a2
b a2




1
s
s
cos(at) cos(bt)
=

L
b2 a2
b2 a2 s2 + a2
s2 + b2


cos(at) cos(bt)
s
L
= 2
2
2
2
b a
(s + a ) (s2 + b2 )

20

41.

15.8.5

a) Usar fracciones parciales:





1
1
1
1
1
L
=L

(s2 + a2 )(s2 + b2 )
(a2 b2 )(s2 + a2 ) (a2 b2 )(s2 + b2 )






1
1
1
1
1
1
L
=L
L
(s2 + a2 )(s2 + b2 )
(a2 b2 )(s2 + a2 )
(a2 b2 )(s2 + b2 )







1
a
b
1
1
1
L
=

L
L1
(s2 + a2 )(s2 + b2 )
a2 b2
a(s2 + a2 )
b(s2 + b2 )




sin(at) sin(bt)
1
1
L1
=

(s2 + a2 )(s2 + b2 )
a2 b2
a
b
b) Usar fracciones parciales:



s
b
a
1
L
=L

(s + a)(s + b)
(a b)(s + a) (a b)(s + b)






s
a
b
L1
= L1
L1
(s + a)(s + b)
(a b)(s + a)
(a b)(s + b)







s
1
a
b
1
1
1
L
=
L
L
(s + a)(s + b)
ab
s+a
s+b




s
1
L1
=
aeat bebt
(s + a)(s + b)
ab
1

42.

15.9.1

Usar k 2 cos kt =

d2
cos kt:
dt2


L k 2 cos kt = L
k 2 L {cos kt} = s2 L {cos kt} s

d2
cos kt
dt2

i
cos kt

t=0

k 2 L {cos kt} = s2 L {cos kt} s

L {cos kt} =

21

s
s2 + k 2

d
cos kt
dt


t=0

43.

15.10.5
Z 2
1
eit cos d
J0 (t) =
2 0
Z 2 Z
1
est+it cos dtd
L{J0 (t)} =
2 0
0
Z 2
1
d
L{J0 (t)} =
2 0 s i cos
Z 2
d
1
L{J0 (t)} =
2s 0 1 (i/s) cos
L{J0 (t)} =

1
2
p
2s 1 (i/s)2

L{J0 (t)} =

44.

1
+1

s2

15.11.4
mX 00 (t) + kX 0 (t) = F0 sin(t)
L{mX 00 (t) + kX 0 (t)} = L{F0 sin(t)}
ms2 x(s) msX(0) mX 0 (0) + kx(s) = F0
x(s) = F0

2 + s2

( 2

s2 )(ms2

+ k)

x(s) = F0
m( 2 + s2 )(s2 + k/m)
Hacer la sustituci
on k/m = 02 :
F0
x(s) =
m

1
( 2 + s2 )(s2 + 02 )

Utilizar fracciones parciales:


1
1

( 2 02 )(s2 + 02 ) ( 2 02 )( 2 + s2 )


1
F0
1
x(s) =

m( 2 02 ) (s2 + 02 ) ( 2 + s2 )





F0
1
1
1
1
X(t) =
L

L
m( 2 02 )
(s2 + 02 )
( 2 + s2 )


F0
sin(0 t) sin(t)
X(t) =

m( 2 02 )
0



F0 /m

X(t) = 2
sin(0 t) sin(t)
02 0
F0
x(s) =
m

22

45.

16.2.1

k(x t)(t)dt

(x) = f (x) +

Usar el teorema de convoluci

on:

k()()eix d

(x) = f (x) +

Usar la transformada de Fourier:

Z

k()()eix d

F {(x)} = F {f (x)} + F

() = F () + F { 2F 1 {k()()}}

() = F () + 2k()()
F ()

1 2k()

() =
Usar la transformada inversa de Fourier:

F 1 {()} = F 1
1
(x) =
2

46.

F ()

1 2k()

F ()eix

d
1 2k()

16.2.3
Z

k(x t)(t)dt

(x) = f (x) +
0

Usar la transformada de Laplace:

Z
L{(x)} = L{f (x)} + L


k(x t)(t)dt

Usar el teorema de convoluci

on:
(s) = F (s) + L{k(x)} L{(x)}
(s) = F (s) + K(s)(s)
F (s)
1 K(s)

(s) =
Usar la transformada inversa de Laplace:

L1 {(s)} = L1
1
(x) =
2i

23

F (s)
1 K(s)

F (s)exs
ds
1 K(s)

47.

16.2.6
2

ex =

e(xt) (t)dt

Aplicar el teorema de convoluci

on y la transformada de Fourier. Reconocer k() = F {ex } y F () = F {ex }:
Z
F () ix
(x) =
e
d
k()
Z
(x) =
eix d

(x) = (t)

48.

16.2.8
x

Z
1=
0

(t)
dt
(x t)

Usar la transformada de Laplace:

Z

L{1} = L
0


(t)
dt
(x t)

Usar el teorema de convoluci

on:
L{1} = L{x } L{(x)}
1
()!
= 1 (s)
s
s
(s) =
(s) =

L{t1 }
()!( 1)!

(s) =
Usar (z)!(z)! =

s
()!

L{t1 }
()!()!

z
:
sin z
(s) =

L{t1 } sin

(s) =

sin
L{t1 }

Usar la transformada inversa de Laplace:

(x) =

sin 1
t

24

49.

16.2.9

e(xt) (t)dt

f (x) =

et ex

f (x) =

+2xt

(t)dt

Usar la representaci
on en series de los polimonios de Hermite:
Z

X
2 X
f n (0)xn
xn
et
Hn (t) (t)dt
=
n!
n!

n=0
n=0
Z

X
X
f n (0)xn
xn t2
e Hn (t)(t)dt
=
n!
n!
n=0
n=0
Igualar los coeficientes:
Z

et Hn (t)(t)dt

f (0) =

Usar la expansi
on (t) =

m=0

am Hm (t):
Z

f (0) =

t2

Hn (t)

f (0) =

am Hm (t)dt

m=0

et Hn (t)Hm (t)dt

am

m=0

Usar la propiedad de ortogonalidad de los polimonios de Hermite:

f n (0) = an 2n n!
f n (0)
an = n
2 n!
Sustituir el an en la expansi
on:
(t) =

50.

f m (0)
m Hm (t)
2 m!
m=0

16.2.10

a)
x2s =

(t)
dt
1 2xt + x2

Usar la representaci
on en series de los polimonios de Legendre y la expansion (t) =

25

n=0

an Pn (t):

2s

Z
=

an Pn (t)

1 n=0

Pm xm dt

m=0

Usar la propiedad de ortogonalidad de los polimonios de Legendre:

x2s =

2am m
x dt
2m
+1
m=0

Igualar los coeficientes:

1=

2a2s
2(2s) + 1

a2s =

4s + 1
2

Sustituir el a2s en la expansi

on:
(t) =

4s + 1
P2s (t)
2

b)
x2s+1 =

(t)
dt
1 2xt + x2

Usar la representaci
on en series de los polimonios de Legendre y la expansion (t) =
Z 1 X

X
2s+1
Pm xm dt
x
=
an Pn (t)
1 n=0

m=0

Usar la propiedad de ortogonalidad de los polimonios de Legendre:

x2s+1 =

2am m
x dt
2m
+1
m=0

Igualar los coeficientes:

1=

2a2s+1
2(2s + 1) + 1

a2s+1 =

4s + 3
2

Sustituir el a2s+1 en la expansi

on:
(t) =

4s + 3
P2s+1 (t)
2

26

n=0

an Pn (t):