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ANY MORE VS. ANYMORE

Any more (two words) means "no more".
Anymore (one word) means "now," "currently," "at this time."
We do not have any more work to do today = We have no more work to do today.
We are not working anymore = We are not working now/We are not working at this
time.
I can't give you any more tea = I can give you no more tea.
I don't want tea anymore = I don't want tea now/I have stopped wanting tea.
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The, A, An = "The Articles":
~ DO use Articles with a thing that can be counted ("count nouns" - apples, shoes,
cats, doctors, etc.).
~ NO Articles with "non-count nouns" (A non-count noun is a thing that cannot be
counted: milk, hair, sand, freedom, justice, peace, love, energy, poverty), most
foods, place names (unless it's a group of places, such as the United States, the
Philippines, the Maldives, the Hawaiian Islands, the Bahamas, etc. - those DO have
an article).
EXAMPLES:
I go to store = I go to the store /or/ I go to a store /or/ I go to stores /or/ I
go to my store
I have flower = I have a flower /or/ I have the flower /or/ I have flowers /or/ I
have her flowers
I have hour left to work = I have an hour left to work /or/ I have 2 hours left to
work
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
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as __ as:
As American as apple pie./As boring as watching paint dry./As brave as a lion./As
busy as a bee./As cold as ice./As easy as pie./etc.
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AT
Where are you at? I am at my friend's house.
Where is your car at? My car is at my company/at work.
Are you at work? No, I'm at home.
Where is your brother? He's at university.
Where did you get that Kim Chi? I got it at the store.
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BE = is, are, am
PRESENT TENSE = I am. PAST TENSE = I was. FUTURE TENSE = I will be.
Today I am. Yesterday I was. Tomorrow I will be.
PRESENT TENSE = I am, you are, we are, they are. He is, she is, it is.
PAST TENSE = I was, you were, we were, they were. He was, she was, it was.
FUTURE TENSE = I will be, you will be, we will be, they will be. He will be, she
will be, it will be.
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[Brackets] vs. (Parentheses)
Parentheses - parENT-the-sees - are used to add extra information as if you were
whispering it to a friend. Good information, but too much to fit in the sentence.
Brackets are used when the original writer did not give enough information and
you, the editor, have to add it.
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COLON
USING THE COLON (: )
It works like the "equals" ( = ) sign in mathematics.
To introduce a list - "To the soup add: 1 carrot, 2 onions, and 3 potatoes."
To introduce a speech - The CEO stood up and said: "We work hard, we play hard..."
(etc.)
To teach or demonstrate a method - "How to plant this flower: Dig a 6 cm. hole in
the garden."
To separate the title and the sub-title of a book - The Geography of Bliss: One
Grump's Search for the Happiest Places in the World, by Eric Weiner
USING THE SEMI-COLON (;)
It's like the word "therefore". Use it to join 2 complete but related sentences.
Or you could just make 2 sentences (both are OK). For example:
He loves studying; he can't get enough of school. = He loves studying. He can't
get enough of school.
What an incredible situation; it must make you nervous. = What an incredible
situation. It must make you nervous.
OR to separate long lists in a sentence.
They study English, for their travels; chemistry, for their work; and literature,
for their own enjoyment.
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"COULD/WOULD/SHOULD"
"If, then" could/should/would: = these words talk about possible or imaginary (not
real) situations or actions.
If I got a million dollars, then I would share it with you."
whereas "can/will" talk about actions that have happened or will happen.
"If I could go back to university, then I would get my PhD."
"If you're smart, you should go to university."
"If I had one day left to live, then I would tell my children I love them."
"It could be a sunny day tomorrow. It may be a sunny day tomorrow."
"COULDA/SHOULDA/WOULDA" = "I should have married John instead of Jim." My friend
says, "Oh well, woulda, coulda, shoulda - too late now. It's over, and you can't
go back and change it."
Hypothetical Situation = an imaginary situation, make-believe, not real.
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Do.
I do, you do, we do, they do. He does, she does, it does.
Anyone/no one/someone/everyone/anybody/nobody/somebody/everybody does.
I do not, you do not, we do not, they do not. He does not, she does not, it does
not.
I don't, you don't, we don't, they don't. He doesn't, she doesn't, it doesn't.
Anyone/no one/someone/everyone/anybody/nobody/somebody/everybody doesn't.
THE TENSES
PRESENT TENSE = I do.
PRESENT TENSE = I am doing.
PAST TENSE = I did.
FUTURE TENSE = I will do.
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E on the end of a word = SILENT "E"
When there is an "e" on the end of an English word, it changes the short vowel
sound to a long vowel sound:
a = can/cane
e = pet/Pete
i = rid/ride
o = hop/hope
u = tub/tube, us/use
"use these" as "usee thesee" because of the "e" on the end of the words. This is
called a "silent e" and is not pronounced (unless there are 2 of them there -like
agree, free, degree, employee, etc.).
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EFFECT (noun) VS. AFFECT (verb)
Effect = Something YOU DO to other things or people, an action to bring into
existence; "effect a change", "the law is still in effect", "the effects of sleep
loss", "the effect of the anesthetic". I have a good effect on my family.
OR, a reaction: The Magnetic Effect. The effect of the color blue. The effect of
Mozart's music. The law of gravity is still in effect. The effects of the
medicine. A change that comes out of something which causes a reaction: "The
Magnetic Effect". The effect of Mozart's music. The law of gravity is still in
effect. The effects of medicine.
Affect = Something that impresses, changes, or is done TO YOU. "Will the new rules
affect me?" "This affects your business" A change that comes in to something.
"Music affects me deeply".
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Everyday vs. Every day
Everyday and every day are commonly confused in English. Everybody, everywhere,
gets it wrong! There's no difference in pronunciation, but using the wrong word is
a mistake in the EVERYDAY English you use EVERY DAY.
Everyday = "commonplace, ordinary, or normal". It's a single word and an
adjective, so it's the one that is used in front of a noun to describe something
as "normal" or "commonplace". For example: "These shoes are great for everyday
wear." "You shouldn't wear an everyday outfit to the wedding." "Don't use the
everyday dishes - it's a special occasion."
Every day = "each day." "Every day" is an adjective ("every"), plus a noun
("day"), and it means "each day". For example: "I go to the park every day." "I
have to work every day this week except Friday." "Every day I feel a little
better."
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ETC.
et cetera = and so forth, continuing in the same way
i.e. = that is to say; in other words

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GO TO
"Go" and "to" love each other so much, they got married. Please keep them
together. Sometimes they're apart from each other, but not often.
Only 5 minutes left to go in the TV show.
We have 2 kilometers to go on our journey.
Do you go to university? Are you going to university?
I go to work. I am going to work.
I give to you, you give to me, we move to Seoul.
The opposite of "Go to" is "Come from".
"goto" is a statement found in many computer programming languages.
GO ON
I go on a trip. You go on a journey. They go on a picnic. I go on the
bus/subway/train.
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I WORK or EVERYBODY WORKS.
I, you, we, they; he, she, it, anyone/no
one/someone/everyone/anybody/nobody/somebody/everybody).
I am, you are, we are, they are. He is, she is, it is.
I am not, you aren't, we aren't, they aren't. He isn't, she isn't, it isn't.
I do, you do, we do, they do. He does, she does, it does.
Anyone does, no one does, someone does, everyone does.
Anybody does, nobody does, somebody does, everybody does.
I don't, you don't, we don't, they don't. He doesn't, she doesn't, it doesn't.
I have, you have, we have, they have. He has, she has, it has.
I have to, you have to, we have to, they have to. He has to, she has to, it has
to.
Anyone/no one/someone/everyone/anybody/nobody/somebody/everybody has to.
I know, you know, we know, they know. He knows, she knows, it knows.
I make, you make, we make, they make. He makes, she makes, it makes.
Anyone makes, no one makes, someone makes, everyone makes.
Anybody makes, nobody makes, somebody makes, everybody makes.
I sleep, you sleep, we sleep, they sleep. He sleeps, she sleeps, it sleeps.
I talk, you talk, we talk, they talk. He talks, she talks, it talks.
I think, you think, we think, they think. He thinks, she thinks, it thinks.
I want, you want, we want, they want. He wants, she wants, it wants.)
I wear, you wear, we wear, they wear; he wears, she wears, it wears,
nobody/everybody/somebody wears.
I work, you work, we work, they work. He works, she works, it works.
Is, Isn't/Are, Aren't
1 man is, 2 men are; 1 woman is, 2 women are. 1 man isn't, 2 men aren't; 1 woman
isn't, 2 women aren't.
1 child, many children. 1 person, many people. 1 tooth, 2 teeth. 1 man 1 woman, 2
men, 2 women.
Verbs:
am.do.love.feel.speak.say.see.understand.
(my/your/our/their/his/her/a/the/plural)
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IN CASE OF/IN THE CASE OF
in case = if there happens to be need. "In case of trouble, call 119"; "I have
money, just in case"
in the case of = a specific example you want to discuss. "In the case of Korea, we
love Kim Chi."
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"Hypothetical situation" = an imaginary situation, made up, not real. For example,
"If I were a millionaire, I would share my money." (Hypothetical situations often
include the words: "If" and "could/would/should".)
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"Known as" vs. "Known for" vs. "Know to"
1. To be "known as" is to be given a name or a description:
She is known as Mary. She is known as a hard worker. Florida is known as "The
Sunshine State". California is known as a casual place to live.
2. To be "known for" is also to have a certain quality:
President Lincoln was known for his honesty and was even known as "Honest Abe".
Rome is known for architecture and France is known for art. Mother Teresa was
known for her kindness, which is why she was known as "Mother" to so many people.
3. To be "known to" is to be recognized for doing something:
She is known to cook delicious food. I have been known to make a mistake. The
police are known to give tickets. Children are known to play.
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LANGUAGE
- A word becomes a seed. - what you say is what you get.
T r gan teanga, t r gan anam. - A country without a language is a country without
a soul. - Gaelic (Irish)
Language is the means of getting an idea from my brain into yours without surgery.
- Mark Amidon
When you go to a country, you must learn how to say two things: how to ask for
food, and to tell a woman that you love her. Of these the second is more
important, for if you tell a woman you love her she will certainly feed you. -
Louis L'Amour
Not only does the English Language borrow words from other languages, it sometimes
chases them down dark alleys, hits them over the head, and goes through their
pockets. - Eddy Peters
No man should travel until he has learned the language of the country he visits.
Otherwise he voluntarily makes himself a great baby, - so helpless and so
ridiculous. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
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"My friend and I" or "my friend and me"?
Delete the other person from the equation and see what you are left with.
#1. - The cats took food from Sam and me. = The cats took food from Sam. /and/ The
cats took food from me.
Can't say, The cats took food from I. Can't say, The cats took food from Sam and
I.
#2. - He told Sam and me to get ready?
He told Sam to get ready. /and/ He told me to get ready.
Can't say, He told I to get ready. Can't say, He told Sam and I to get ready.
#3. - If John and I get married.
If John gets married. /and/ If I get married.
Can't say, If me get married. Can't say, If John and me get married.
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ONE MAKES, MANY MAKE
One goes - many go/One makes - many make
One tree makes paper - Lots of trees make paper. One horse runs fast - Lots of
horses run fast. One car uses oil - Lots of cars use oil. One flower smells good -
Lots of flowers smell good. One child laughs - Lots of children laugh. One man
talks - Lots of men talk. One man works - Lots of men work.
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PLURALS
When there is more than one thing, make sure to sound out the letter "s" at the
end of the word:
1 car, 2 cars - 1 book, 2 books - 1 hand, 2 hands - 1 school, 2 schools - 1 hat, 2
hats
One tree makes paper. Lots of trees make paper. One horse runs fast. Lots of
horses run fast. One car uses oil. Lots of cars use oil. One flower smells good.
Lots of flowers smell good. One child laughs. Lots of children laugh. One man
talks. Lots of men talk. One man works. Lots of men work.
1 man, 2 men; 1 woman, 2 women.
Usually you do not add the plural "s" to a word such as "children", because that
is already a plural word, like "men" or "women". But you do use "apostrophe s"
when talking about something belonging to that group. Men's health. Women's
rights. Children's toys.
1 country, 2 countries. Plural possessive = put the apostrophe after the s. So:
Many countries' flags. Mr. Lee was the peoples' choice. Singular possessive = One
country's flag. Mr. Lee was that person's choice.)
1 leaf, 2 leaves/1 life, 2 lives/1 wife, 2 wives/loaf, loaves/calf, calves/elf,
elves/shelf, shelves/self, selves/myself, ourselves/yourself, yourselves/himself
or herself, themselves/itself, themselves
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SHALL = this is the old-fashioned, or England-English, form of "will".
It is used in upper-class England, but not so much in America.
In England "shall" is used such as:
Shall I open a window? (as a response to "It is hot in here")
Shall we dance?
Shall I open the door?
And shall Trelawney die?
It is also used in American poems and songs: "I Shall Be Released", "We Shall
Overcome", and "Shall the Circle Be Unbroken?"
Shall the circle be unbroken?
By and by, Lord, by and by,
There's a better home a-waitin'
In the sky, Lord, in the sky.
(This song is about being with our family in Heaven.)
The negative form of "shall" is "shall not", for which the contraction is
"shan't".
But in America we usually say "will not" and "won't".
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SOUNDS
R, L, W.
Running Rabbit
Leo the Lazy Lion
Wooden Wagon
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SURE
sure = certain.
assure = inform positively, with certainty and confidence; promise.
reassure: cause to feel sure, give reassurance to; "The airline tried to reassure
the customers that the planes were safe."
ensure = guarantee: make certain of; "This money will ensure a nice meal."
insure = cover: protect by insurance; "The insurance will cover any accident."
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THE TENSES
PRESENT TENSE = I am; I do; I love; I feel; I speak; I say; I see; I understand; I
eat food; I go; I change; I run; I work.
PRESENT TENSE = I am; I am doing; I'm loving; I am feeling; I am saying; I am
seeing; I am understanding; I am eating food; I am going; I am changing; I am
running; I'm working.
PAST TENSE = I did; I was; I loved; I felt; I spoke; I worked.
FUTURE TENSE = I will be; I will do; I will love; I will feel; I will speak; I
will say; I will see; I will understand; I will eat food; I will go; I will
change; I will run; I will work.
Verbs:
am.do.love.feel.speak.say.see.understand.
Do.
I do, you do, we do, they do. He does, she does, it does.
Anyone/no one/someone/everyone/anybody/nobody/somebody/everybody does.
I do not, you do not, we do not, they do not. He does not, she does not, it does
not.
I don't, you don't, we don't, they don't. He doesn't, she doesn't, it doesn't.
Anyone/no one/someone/everyone/anybody/nobody/somebody/everybody doesn't.
THE TENSES
PRESENT TENSE = I do.
PRESENT TENSE = I am doing.
PAST TENSE = I did.
FUTURE TENSE = I will do.
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"THESE DAYS"
These days = In these days/In this day and age/At this time/Nowadays/Here and
now/lately/recently
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"UNDERSTAND"
Today = I understand. Tomorrow = I will understand. Yesterday = I understood.
Understand = know, make sense of, comprehend the meaning of something
Misunderstand = misconstrue, interpret in the wrong way.
Understanding = the condition of someone who understands/an
agreement/sympathy/comprehension
Misunderstanding = mistake, an incorrect understanding of something,
misinterpretation, error
Understood = (past tense) fully comprehended as to purport, meaning, or
explanation
Misunderstood = (past tense) wrongly understood, "a misunderstood question."
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VICE VERSA
Vice-versa (v.v.) = "and the other way, as well/OR/the opposite, too."
Latin, with the translation being 'the other way round' or 'the position being
reversed'.
For example: "Fish can't live where humans are most comfortable, and vice-versa".
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WERE VS. WAS
Use "were" instead of "was" after: * if * as if * wish * suppose *
as though
she smiles as if she were not sad. = OK
she is smiling as if she were not sad. = OK
she will smile as if she were not sad. = OK
she smiled as if she were not sad. = OK
she smiles, as it were, as if she were not sad. = OK
she smiles as if she is not sad. = OK
They were smiling, as it were, as if they were not sad. = OK
she smiled as if she was not sad. = NOT proper/formal English
she smiled. It appeared she was not sad. = OK
"as it were" = "so to speak"/if you can imagine/imagine, if you will/sort of like
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Walk = sounds like Tick-Tock says the Clock
Work = shirk (to avoid work); jerk (who you sometimes have to work for); clerk (a
common worker); berserk (going crazy from too much work); smirk (evil smile from
the jerk); lurk (to hide around corners and spy on the workers).
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Who's vs. Whose
If you can replace the word with who is or who has, use "who's". If not, use
"whose". The trouble here is due to the apostrophe, which on 99% of English words
indicates possession, but on this one indicates a contraction.
Who's = who is or who has.
Who's watching TV?/Do you know who's going to speak?/Who's ready to go?/Who's in
the kitchen?/Who's this?/Who's already eaten?
Whose = the possessive of who or which.
Whose book is this?/Do you now whose car this is?/I know a woman whose kids study
there./Whose side are you on?/An idea whose time has come.
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