Ancient Coins of Cities and Princes, Geographically Arranged and Described. Hispania, Gallia, Britannia / by John Yonge Akerman

ANCIENTCOINS
DP
CITIES AND
PRINCES,
GEOGRAPHICALLYARRANGEDANDDESCRIBED.
BY
JOHNYONGE
AKERMAN,
FELLOWOI THE SOCIETY OF
ANTIQIJARIES OF
LONDON,
HONORARY MEMBER OF THE
SOCIETYOF
ANTIQUARIEBOFSCOTLANDANDOFNEWCASTLEUPONTYNE, FELLOW
OFTHEROYALSOCIETYOFANTIQUARlESOI
COPENHAGEN,
ANDONEOFTHE
HONORARYSECRETARIESOFTHENUMISMATICSOCIETYOF LONDON.
HlSPANIAGALLIABRITANNIA.

LONDON
:
JOHN
RUSSELL
SMITH,
4, OLDCOMPTON
STREET, SOHO
SQUARE
ROLLIN, RUE
VIVIENNE, PARIS.
1 846.
PREFACE.
THIS
volume,
though
in itself
complete,
is,
as
the subscribers
are
aware,
the rst
portion only
of
a
work intended to
comprise
an account of
the Coins of the Ancient
World, on
the basis
of the
plan proposed by Pellerin,
and matured
by
Eckhel in his Doctrina Numorum Veterum.
hough
conscious of its
defects,
I
yet hope,
and
believe,
that it will be found of
some
value to
the
Antiquary
and the
Numismatist,
Whose in
dulgence
will
readily
be extended to a
work
the
compilation
of which has been the
occupation
of brief and uncertain intervals of leisure.
Having
advanced thus
far,
I cannot refrain
from
recording
my
acknowledgments
to those kind
friends who have afforded
me
ready
and able
iv
PREFACE.
assistance in the
course
of
my
labour. A list of
their
names
will show at once
the nature and
extent of
my
obligations.
CHARLESTHOMAS
NEWTON,
M.A.
WM. SANDYS
VAUX, M.A-,
F.S.A.
EDWARD
HAWKINS, F.R.S.,
F.S.A.
CHARLESROACH
SMITH7
F.S.A.
L. DELA
SAUSSAYE,
Memb. Inst. of France.
MARIONDU MERSAN.
THOMAS BURGON.
CHRISTIANJURGENSENTHOMSEN.
REv. J. C. LINDBERG.
JAMESDODSLEY
CUFF,
F.S.A.
WM. HENRYROLFE.
HENRYVIN'I.
REv. R. GORDON.
GEORGESPARKES.
JAMESEDWARDFITZGERALD.
SAMUEL
BIRCH,
F.S.A.
JOHNYONGE AKERMAN.
LEwisHAM, KENT,
January 10,
1846.
J
FREDERICDE
SAULCY,
CAPTAIN0F ARTILLERY,
MEHBER OFTHEIXSTI'IL'TE0F
FRANCE,
THE FOLLOWING ATTEMPT
AT A
GEOGR APHICAL All BANGEMENT01- THE
ANCIENTCOINS OF HISPANIA
RESPECTIULLY INSCKIHEI').
ANCIENTCOINS
OI?
CITIESANDPRINCES.
HISPANIA.
THE
primitive
money
of
Hispania
consisted of silver and
copper
only.
We
may
gather
this both from Strabo1 and
from
Livyzz
from the
former,
that
gold
was not discovered
in
a state
suiciently pure
to be convertedinto
money;
while
the
latter,
in his enumeration of the treasure carried
away
by
the Roman
generals,
makes no
mention of coined
gold.
A vast number of the earliest coins of
Spain
have
hitherto been classedwith the
Incerti,
for the various at
tempts
which hadbeen made to
explain
their
legends
had
only
succeeded in
a few
solitary
instances. Even
Sestini,
whose labours have contributed so
largely
to the stock of
Numismatic
knowledge,
has failed most
signally
in his
account
of the coins of ancient
Spain.
Some
antiquaries,
whose
opinions
it will not be
necessary

Lib. iii.
p.146.
Edit. 1588.
2
Lib. xxxiv.
cap.
4;
lib. x1.
cap. 43,
&c.
B
2
ANCIENT COINS CF
to
cite,
have
assigned
a
high antiquity
to the coins
bearing
legends
in Celtiberian
characters;
but the
practised
numis
matist will
give
little credit to such reveries. M. de
Saulcy,
on whose able and
interesting
researches
3
many
of the
ap
propriations
which follow
are founded,
is of
opinion
that
they
date from
a
period
about two centuries before the
reign
of
Augustus,
and that the silver coins are
evident
copies
of the earlier consular denarii. The Roman
origin
of the
type
of
some
of
the brass
money,
he
observes,
is not
so evident,
although
we
nd
on
it indications of the sub
divisions of the As. This indication of an
imitated
type
must be
apparent
to all who
are
accustomed to such ex
aminations and
comparisons;
but it would
appear
that the
Spaniards
were not indebtedto Rome alone for their
types,
since that of the brass coins with
an
equestrian gure
bear
ing
a
long
lance
appears
to have been derivedfrom the
well-known
pieces
of
Syracuse,
with the name
and
eigies
of Hiero the Second.5
descended to our times,
and
are
to
be seen
in
every
cabi
Great numbers of these coins have
3
Essai de Classication des Monnaies Autonomes de
l'Espagne.
8vo.
Metz,
1840.
4
Havercamp
observes that the earliest
types
of the consular denarii
are the Dioscuri
on horsebackDioscurorum
typus antiquitatem
nummis familiarum conciliare
solet,
unde ad altiora
reipublicw
tem
poraadsignatio hujus
denarii
spectat."
5
These
types
were doubtless
accom
H
people
who
adopted
them.
Thus, on
,
vinces of
Spain
the horsemanbears
with which the
typiedprovince
o
Poblicia
family,
with the
name
of C.
ted to the tastes of the
e
easy
of the southern
pro
ular
buckler, just
like that
represented
oncoins of the

ey
the
younger.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
3
net. A reference to
Livys history
of the
period
in which
they
were
probably
struck,
will shewthat there is some
foundation for this
conjecture.6
Florez
supposed
that the
sphinx wearing
a
cap
or bonnet,
a
type peculiar
to
Baetica,7
but
more
especially
to the Tur
duh and
Turditani, was derivedfrom
Egypt.
This is doubt
ful;
while its Phoenician
origin
may
be surmisedif we
refer
to a well-known andremarkable coin in the Roman series,
which has
recently
been
admirably
illustrated
by
M. Lenor
mant.8 This coin is of Clodius
Albinus,
and
bears,
on
the
reverse,
a male
gure,
seated between two
sphinxes,
each
with
a bonnet. The
gure
is identied
by
M. Lenormant
as the Phcenician
deity,
Atcbv or
Srzculum,
andthe
type
was
doubtless chosen in
compliment
to Albinus,
who was
born
at Hadrumetum, a town not far from
Carthage.
With
regard
to the written
language
of the ancient in
habitants of
Spain,
there is
reason to believe that it had
its
origin
in
Baetica,
the coins of which have
legends
which
read
from
right
to
left,
with the vowels
suppressed,
a
suicient indication of oriental
origin. Although
we
have
no
proof
of
that high antiquity
of the written character of
the Iberians which Strabo9
says
they
claimed, we
have
yet
evidence of their
diversity
in the different
provinces.
It is
the
same
with the
types
of their coins.
Thus,
at
Emporiae

5
Lib.xxiv.
cap.
46.
7
Eckhel
observes, ejus typi
causaincerta." Doct. Num.Vet.
vol. i.
p.7.
'
8
Revue N
umismatique Aape 1642,
p.
90.
9
Lib. iii.
p.
139.
"

4
ANCIENT COINS oF
and
at
Rhoda,
the
types
and
legends
are
palpably
Greek,
while at
Gades, Abdera, Malacca,
and
Sex,
they
are
entirely
Phoenician.
From these
two extreme
points,
observes
M.
de
Saulcy,
the
two
systems
of
writing probably
ad
vanced until
they met,
whence the
diversity
of
alphabets
mentioned
by
Strabo.1
To the
learning
and
sagacity
of this able
antiquary
and
numismatist, we are indebted for
an
explanation
of the
legends on the national
money
of ancient
Spain;
andthe
subject
has received further illustration from
some
very
interesting
notices
by
M. Adrien de
Longprier,
in the
Revue
Numismatiquei"l
If,
observes the latter
writer,
the
graphic system
of the
Spaniards
is
Semitic,
it is
assuredly
not the
case with the
language
in which it
is
expressed.
Without
asserting
that this
language
is
one
of the
Basque dialects, we cannot refuse to
recognise
be
tween this idiom and the words which
occur on
the coins
a
striking analogy.
Among
the various
legends
explained by
M. de
Saulcy
are
||LL|flM<P,
Ileosken;
RP'LP7P,
OM58";
r'mH
new,
Nerinken
,- (PM
,
KilinTlPr'FM
r.
Libiesken
; $ Fm Pl$ [ * 1 ,
Setisken
;
PIA$< I",
Iler
eksken
; F'AlOiK N
,
Ilibereken;
r-Ar0 pi K [ 4
,
Iliberine
ken
;12 PPKi KP
,
Urkeken
;
X?I FMXP,
Karonesken
;
i.
e.,

1
Essai,
p.
20.
"
Anne
I842,
p.
322.
2
Iliberi/cen and Iliberineken.
'
This
synonym perfectly agrees
with
the words of
Pliny
Eliberi
quod
Liberini. Lib. iii.
cap.
1.
4
CITIES AND PRINCES.
5
lleosca, Onoba, Nerii, Cileni,
Lybia,
Setisacum,
Ilergetes,
Iliberis, Urcenses, Caronienses,
the
plural,
or
gentile form,
being expressedby
the termination
( P
,
KeN.13
There is also another
termination,
which is
supposed
to
mark the ablative form of the
names; thus,
l?! C) NF,<,
Irsones;
PSI
} PHt, Bursabes;/V\ Q[ "4 g, Seynbrikes;
are
supposed
to be
given
in that
case,
Guizonas
signifying
in the
Basque language, by
the
man
; Bayonaz, by Bayonne.
If this
conjecture
be
well-founded,
these
legends
must be
read:
(Money struck)by
lrson,
by
Bursaba,
by Segobrica,
810.
We have no
recordof the
period
of the
suppression
of
the autonomous coins of
Spain.
The issue of those struck
by permission
of the
Emperors,
appears
to have ceasedin
the
reign
of
Caligula.
3
M. de
Longprier
observes that this is the
Basque
form of the
genitive plural,
thus :
Hi aiz Juduen
Reguea--'1'u
es Judazorum Rem.
Revue Numis. loc. cit.
CELTIBERIANALPHABET.

DOUBTFUL
OF wHICHIS ASCER-
CHARACTERS.
TAINED.
A
approaching
insoundto O
7
B and P ll \" PC
9 V
Chard,orK
E
sharp, approaching
in sound
to double E
E Y
G
hard,
aspirated
x c.
L
l\ I
N
N
0
o
R
l
0 0
W5
A
S
!
$ 2
M
T
4~
UTtluhov
L
Y
I
I" PAN?
Z,
G 8oft
(Zn-r01)
I

E
(Hr-a)
H
KH
aspirated (XL)
l
X

CHARACTERS, THEPOwER

7
CELTIBERIAN
ALPHABET,
WITHTHE ADDITIONOF THE HOMOPHONOUS CHARACTERS.

A
approaching
in sound
to O
B and P
C
hard,
or K
E
approaching
insound
to double E
G hard,
aspirated
FUOZL-.
S
T
U
(Yd/LXo11)
Y or
I
Z,
G soft
(Znra)
E
(H-ra)
KH
aspirated(XI)
AAJK?
PPr'crr'VVDPY
<<<4<l<|<
l<
}PbhFY/l= t= t* $< EE\'= t-#
$ $LPHJWYWP
XS?
AII
I"
Q
<>09QOQ<P<><NG
Cl PP
EOMETINES AA
$Z$M
4\
q
Fltlrltul
F
H
x>K

8
CELTIBERIANALPHABET,
SHEWING THE DESCRIPTIONOF CHARACTERS FOUND ON THE
COINS OF TARRACUNENSIS AND BIE'IICA

A often
approach
ing
0
B andP
C
hard,
andK
CandS
strong
D, resembling
T
E
E
sharp
I,
like H-ra
G soft,
like Z
Ghardand
aspirated
I and Y
U,
like
Yilukov
K
aspirated,
like the
Spanish
X
AK
SAK
IBOor EBO
PE
}E

n AAA.
.
A, o
tnRArMA/U
" " AMA7*
;F22yrrrv>rcrr1\1rqq
<<<<<cews?
Krkq
M
Mmammus
AAAA
wwumnrww
PM
\wvsz
* EwkFfFrbr
sasssssss
BEE?
* r Mm
Hxxxumr
Hl-XZJI? l=
X
M
wwwv?
PHws
AlliA'!
M
N
DQQ
Q
o
nnnnaxn
otrtwwwoqq a
<zsqqon(pp)
sxevs
iizam
QGQQQEQ Otlrgq>9
eemetm
IPUY? u
q
xxx
9
8
MMAMMAA
p:
PM

ANCIENTCOINSOFCITIESANDPRINCES.
H I S P ANI A
INGENERE.
l. Obv.Helmed head of
Minerva; above,
the headof a
ram,
or the letter
N;
in the eld of
some,
P.
RHlsPANoRvM. A helmed
horseman,
armed with a
lance,
to the
right.]E5.
R2.
(Collection of
the
British
Museum.) (Plate
I. No.
2.)
2. Obv.Bare male head.
RmsPANoRvM. Same
type.1E.5.
R2.
3. Obv.Helmedhead
of
Minerva.
RHrsPANoRvM. A
horse,
unbridled and at
liberty.
]E.5. R.4.
There are varieties of these three
types.
4. Obv.Bust of Dianato the
left,
with the
quiver
on
her
shoulder; behind, N.
RnrsPANoavM.
Victory standing, holding
a
garland
in
her
right
hand.}E.3.
Unique (?)
Mionnet,
Descr.
p.
11.
No. 5.
5. Obv.Helrned head to the
right.
RHlsPANoRvM. In two lines. The
apexE.4.
R.
(British Museum.) (Plate
I. No.
l.)
L U S I T ANI A.
AMAIA.
Now
Portalegre.
From the word Coere on
the coins
here
described,
it is
supposed
that these towns were
in
alliance.
Obv.AMHIA. Bare head.
RMa.
A
quiver
and the head of a
spear:
corms below
L.
imam[ 13.85
R.4. Sestini.l

'
Descrizione delle
Medaglie Ispane.
Firenze, uncccxvm.
p.
5.
C
.
10 ANCIENT colNs oF
BALSA.
Now
Tavira; on
the shore to the south-east of the mouth
of the river Anas.
l. OblhA
pine-apple
within a crescent.
RBALsA. Anear of corn
(F) placed transverselyEBA.
R.6.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. i.
g.
2.
2. Obv.M. 3A.. 2.
Male head coveredwith the lions
skin(P)
to
the left.
RM.
Q.
F. Abull
walkingtothe right.]13.6.
R.6.
ib.g.3.
3. ObnM. BAL. 2. Bare male head to the
right.
RcN. A bull
walking
to the
right.]13.45.
R.4. ib.
g.
4.
On
some,
a crescent above the bull.
4. ()blLMB
. . .
sANo. Male headwith diadem to the
right.
R.\1.Q.F.
A bull
walking
to
the
left; above,
a crescent.
_]E.4%.
R.6. ib.
g.
6.
CALIGULA.
Glutc. CAES.
EYE.
GERMANIc. Laureated head of
Caligula
to the
right.
R-MvNICIP-
EALsANoNt?)
An
eagle
with
expandedwings.
]E. 4. R.6.
Mionnet, tome i.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. i.
g.
7.
Sestini observes, of this coin.
"
Imperatorius Csliguiaa
est udulterinus.
'
COERE, or COERO
(P)
Now, as
is
supposed,
Coura. Sestini-thinks there
was a
town
called
Coere,
from the words of
Pliny,2
Litus
Corense,
inexo sinu.
Obv.Bare male head,
with short hair.
x* \
-
__ R
COERE
A
quiver
andthe head of a
spear. 35.85.
RA.
This word COERE is found as a countermark on some of the coins of
Gades andof Abdera. See Sestini.3

asses eneraes, p. ,
voce a a. l .m. c.1.
'
Cl G l l B I:
'
L'b
3
Descrizione deile
Medaglie Ispanc, p.5,
andtab. i.
g.8.
CITIES AND PRINCES. ll
COLIPPO
(P)
Site unknown.
The word
COLIP
appears
in incuse letters on the coins of Gades.l
AE.6.
R.4.
EBORA.
Now
Evora,
in
Portugal. By Pliny,.termed
Oppida
veteris Latii.2 Situatedbetween the Anas andthe T
agus.
Calledalso
Liberalitas
Julia,
in
compliment,
as
is
sup
posed,
to
Augustus.
l. Obv.PERMISSV CAES. AVGVSTI P. M. Bare head of Au
gustus,
to the left.
RLIBERALITATIS lVL. EBOR. Pontical instruments.
]E9. 1L6.
(British Museum.)
Vaillant
supposes
the
type
of the reverse of this coin to have been
chosen
by
the
people
of Eborain
compliment
to
Augustus,
on his
assumption
of the title Pontifex Maximus.a
2. Obv.PERM. CAES- AVG. P. M. Same head.
RLIBERALITATIS lVLIAEEBOR.
In four lines,
within
a
garlandAl.7.
R.4.
(British llIuscum).
Plate I. No. 3.
There are varieties of this
type,
and some have the letters D.D. Decreto
Decun'onum, as a countermsrk.
EMERITA.
NowMerida. This
colony, according
to Dion
Cassius,
was founded
by Augustus, immediately
after the
Spanish
campaign. Among
other
privileges granted
to it
was
that
of
coining
money,
as its
numerous
coins
testify by
the
legends
of the
obverse,
PERM. or PERMISSV. AVG.

'
Descrizione delle
Medaglie Ispane p.51,
andtab. i.
g.10.
2
Lib. iv.
cap.
22.
2
Num. in Col. tom. i.
p.49.
Lib. liii.
12 ANCIENT COINS oF
AUGUSTUS.
l. ObILPERM. IMP. AVG. Laureatedheadof
Augustus,
to the
right.
RAVcvsTA
EMERITA,
inscribedon
the front of the
city
gate.]E.9.
R.l.
2. Obv.ramussv CAESARIS AVGVS'II.
Bearded
head,
full
faced.
RAVo VSTAEMERITA.
A
priest, marking
the boundaries
of the
colony
with a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.}E.7.
R.l.
This
type
occurs onthe coins of
many
other Roman
colonies,
and shows
the manner in which the boundaries of a town were traced;
the
plough being
lifted or carried over the
space
intendedfor the
porta
or
gate.
3. Obv.PERM. CAES. AVG.
Laureatcd
head, to the
right.
Rc.
(or co.)
A. E. LE. v. x.
Legionary eagle
between
two staudards.1E.5. R.l.
The two standards indicate that this
colony
was drafted from two
legions,
the fth and the tenth, a fact not noticed
by
the historians.
Such colonies were sometimes called
Gemella,l andGemina.
4. Obv.DIVVS AVG. PATER c. A. E.
(Colom'aAugusta
Eme
rita.)
Radiatedhead of
Augustus,
to the left.
RPERMI. AVG. PROVIDENT. Analtar.]E.7. R2.
This and the
following
coin showthat divine honours were
paid
to
Augustus by
the
people
of Emerita.
5. Obv.D1vvs AVGVSTVS. Radiated
head,
to the left.
Rc. A. E. AETERNITATIS AVGVSTAE-
Tetrastyle
tem
ple.[ E
7. R.4.
6. Obv.IMP. CAESAR AVGVST-
Bare
head, to the left.
RP. CARISIVS LEG. PROPR. The
gate
of a
town,
on
which is inscribed
EMERlTA.1E.4.
C.
P. Carisius was the
legate
who defeatedthe Astures when
they
attacked
the Roman
camp,
for which action
Augustus constituted him Pro
praetor.
Dion Cassius?calls him
Titus, but these coins showthat his
praenomcn
was Publius. Several of the denarii of the
moneyers
of
Augustus
bear the name of
Carisius,
with
very interesting types.
See
Descr. Catal. o1' Rare and UneditedRoman
Coins,
vol. i.
p.
129.

'
Cazsar,
Bell. Civ. lib.iii. c.4.
2
Lib. liii.
cr'rlEs AND PRINCES. l3
7. ObfLcAESAIt
AVGVS'I. TmsvNI. POTEST-
Bare
head,
to
the
right.
RP. CARISIVS LEG. AVGVSTI in three lines across the
eldof the
coimE5.
C.
There are
many
varieties of all these
coins, di'ering slightly
in
type
and
legend.
JULIA,
0TLIVIA.
l. Obv.1vr.1AAVovsTA PERM. AVGVST. M. Head of
Julia, to the
right.
RAVovs'raEMERITAinscribed on the
gate
of Emerita.
]E.9. R.7.
These coins are interesting,
as
presenting
us with a
portrait
of Julia, of
whom there are no Roman
coins, though
her headis
probably repre
P
sentedona denarius of the
moneyers
of
Augustus.
Des.
Cat.,
vol. i.
p.
127.
2. Obv.AVovsTAEMERITA.
Female head.
RPERM. CAES. AVG. A
priest marking
the
boundary
with
a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.]E.9. R.7.
3. Another,
with a
palm-branch
before the female head.}5.8.
R.5.
(British Museum).
4. Obv.SALVS AVGVSTA PERM. AVGVSTI.
to the
right,
in the character of Salus.
(Plate
I. No.
4.)
Head of
Julia,
RIVLIAAVGVSTAc. A. E. A female
gure
seated, to
the
right, holding
ears of corn andthe hasta
pura.}E.9.
R.6.
This reverse
may probably
hear the
gure
of the
empress, represented
as Ceres, just
as we see the Fsustinas on Romancoins with the attri
butes of all the female deities.
Obv.EMERITA.
. . . . .
Bare female
head, to the
right.
RPER. CAE. AVG.
Type
as
No. 2.]E.8. R.4.
TIBERIUS
andJULIA.
Obv.IvLlAAVGVSTAc. A. E. Bare head of
Julia, to the
right.
RTi. CAESAR AVGVSTVS PoN. MAx.
headof
Tiberius, to the left.-]E.7.
IMP. Laureated
R.5.
l4
ANCIENT coiNs oF
TIBEIKIUS.
l. Obv.'rI. CAESAR AVGVSTVS PoNT. MAX. IMP. Laureated
head,
to the left.
RAVovs'rA
EMERITAon the front of a
gate.3.10.
R.6.
(Plate
1.,
No.
5.)
2.
Another, with the head radiated.[ $10. R.6.
3.
Ob1;.Type
and
legend
as
No. l.
RcoL. AVGVSTA EMEnl'rAon
the front of
a
gate.
}E.7. C.
4. Obv.IMP.
r1. CAESAR..... AVG. PONT. MAX. Laureated
head, to the
right.
RETERNITATI AVGVSTAEc. A. E.
A
tetrastyle temple.
}E7. R.l.
ObU.IMP. TI. CAESAR AVGVSTVS PON. MAX. Laureated
head, to the left.
RcoL. AVGVSTAEMERITAon the front of
a
gate.
.E.7. C.
-
6. Obv.Same
legend
and
type.
RPER. AVG. PROVIDEN. An
altar,
with the re kindled.
]E.6. R.3.
Nos. 4, 5. 6, are remarkable for the occurrence of the title
iMPemtor, as
apmmamen,
which is never found onthe Latincoins of this
emperor
(see
"
Numismatic
Manual,"
p.
142, andnote
2), a circumstance no
doubt attributable to the fact of the coin
having
been struck in a
colony,
where the
importance
of such a title was not so well under
stoodas at Rome.
Sn
MEROBRIGA.
M. Mionnet
announces,
in his
Atlas de
Geographic
Numismatiquef"
a
coinof the Lusitanian
Merobriga,
inthe
cabinet of the Viscount de
Santarem,
but I have been
unable to
obtain
any
particulars
of the
type,
etc.
MYRTILI S.
Now
Mertola, according
to DAnville. Situatedon
the
Anas,
between Ossonobaand Fax Julia.
'
Paris. 41.0.
cl'ruis
AND PRINCES. lb
Olw.-\ M151. A
tunny-sli,
betweentwo lines; below, a
tunny
sh.
RA
thorn-branch,
between two
lines; below, L. A. DE.
(or
n.),
between two lines.}E.8. R.4.
Mionnet,
Descr.
Supp."
tome i.
p.
8.
type.
See
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. i.
gs.
1l and 12.
NORBA
(a)
Now
Brozas(?)
two
leagues
from Alcantara. The Co
loniaNorbensis of
Pliny.l
Obv.Helmedhead of Minerva.
Rcvm. Female statue on a
quadrangular pedestal. (Ses
tini,
Descriz. delle Med.

Ispan.
tab. i.
g. 13.) (Plate
1.,
No.
6.)
These coins were formerly attributed, by
Vaillant2 and Florez,ato Car
thago
Nova. The four letters are
supposed
to stand for Colom'a
VictriwJulia
(or Immum'a)
Norbensis.
.
OSSONOBA.
NowGibraleon. Situated in the district called
Cuneus,
from its
being comprised
within
a
wedge-like shape
between
the Atlantic andthe river Anas.
Obv.osonosA.
. . . .
A sh.
RA
galley]13.9.
R.6.
(Florez,
tom. iii. tab.
65.)
PAX JULIA.
Now
Beya,
near
the river
Arias, according
to
Florez,
who
rst
published
the coin describedbelow.

'
Hist. Nat. lib. iv.
cap.
23.
"
Num.
Imp.
in Co1.
cusis,
p.
87.

Tom. iii.
p.
35.
16 ANCIENT COINS oF
AUGUSTUS
(?)
Obv.Bare headof
Augustus
to the
right.
RPAX lVL.
A female
gure
seated, holding
in her
right
hand a caduceus,
and in her left
a
cornucopiae.]E.7.
1L4.
(Plate
I. No.
7.)
There is a modern fabrication. The
specimen engraved
is from a coin
in the cabinet of the
Bibliotheque
du Roi, at Paris.
SALACIA.
NowAlcacer do Sal.
.Florez
attributed the coin de
scribed belowto this
town, founding
his
appropriation
on
the
inscription
IMP.
SAL.
which
agrees
with
Plinys
account
of
Salacia,
Salacia
cognominata
urbs
imperatoria.l
This
is conrmed
by
the
coin,
No. 2.
l. Obv.Beardedmale
head, to the
right.
RIMP. SAL. Two
dolphins.A417.
R.6.
(Florez,
torn. iii. tab. lxvii. No.
3.)
'
2. Obv.COL. IMP. SA. F. Bare male head.
RAbull
standing,
or
walking;
above, a laurel-branch,
ut videtur.1E.
(Sestini,
Med.
Ispan. p.l6,
from the
cabinet of M.
Tochon.)
B A E T I C A.
ABDERA.
NowAdra. Atown
on the shores of the
Mediterranean,
founded, according
to
Strabo,
by
the
Phoenicians;2
a
fact
attested
by
several coins with Phoenician
inscriptions.
These are
of two
kinds, as
will be
seen
by
the
specimens
here described. The Rev. J. C.
Lindberg,
in
a
letter with
which I have been
recently
favoured, observes,
that the
characters of No. 2
are to be read
{# 139,
not
n'HJv,
the
rst
signifying
the
people of
Abdera,
while the other
simply
expresses
the
name of the town Abdera.

'
Lib.iv. c. 22.
2
Mzrli rmlrnv Ai'zdnpa
(Don/iron!
x-rialm
xai
al'lfll. lib. iii.
p.108.
Stephanus
calls it
'Adnpa,
Ptolemy
'Adapn.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
l7
_1.
Obv.-Head of
Jupiter-Serapis,
surmounted
by
the modius,
to
the
right.
_
RA
hexastyle temple;
beneath. the
inscription I079
Ar
}E.7. R.8.
Mionnet,
Descr.
Supp.
tome
i.
p.
9.
(From
the cabinet
of
the late M.
Hermand,
of
Paris.)
2. Obv.Front viewof
a
temple.
RA
sh; beneath, the Phmnician
inscription
Iqqqo
}E.6. R.4.
3. Obv.-A
temple
of four
columns, with the
gate
closed.
Rqq90
between two
tunny-sh.}E.6.
R 4. (British
Museum;
Walter
Hawkins.)
Plate ll. No. 1
Some of these coins have the letters corms counterlnarked
below
the
shes. See
Sestini,
Med.
lspan.
Tab. i.
g.
1-1.
.
Obv.Helmed
head, to the left.
RN-Iqqo
between two shes.}E.
Bayer.
1
5.
Obv.Same head.
RSame
inscription.
A
tunny-sh;
above,
a
smaller
sh.
]E.
Bayer.
k
TIBERIUS.
l. ObthTI-
CAESAR Dlvr. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS.
Laureated
head, to the
right.i
RABDERA. A
temple,
]E8. R.4.
2. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
RA
tetrastyle temple,
two of the columns of which have
the forms of
sh,
between which is the word ABDERA.
On the front of the
temple
the Phoenician characters
|(;(,(;()
or,
the sun}E.7. R.5.
(British Museum.)
Plate lI. Nos. 2 8i 3.
The two
singularly
formedcolumns are
supposed
to
represent
the
tunny-i
sh,
which abounded onthe shores of the Mediterranean,
andwere
sacredto
Neptune,
to whom it was the
practice
of the shermen to
offer one as a
propitintion. Athenseus,
lib.vii. c. 17.
3. ObztT1. CAESAR mvi. AVG. F. AVG.
(or AVGVSTVS).
Same head.
RABDERAbetweenthe columns of a
tetrastyle temple.
1E7. R.4.
Vaillsnt' has
engraved
and described a coin with
atemple having
ve
columns,
for which we have no
authority.
The
temple
on No.
3, is,
probably,
one of the number erected in the
provinces
to the deied
Augustus,
as recorded
by
Tacitus.a

'
Lengua
de los
Fenices,
p.
369.
2
Num- in Col. Percussa, tom. i.
p.
90.
3
Annales,
lib. i. c. 10.
D
18
ANCIENT COINS oF
ABRA.
Site unknown.
Supposed, by
the
type,
to have been
situatednot far from Gades.
Obv.ABRA. Head of
Hercules,
to the
right; behind,
a.
club.
RAn ear of
corn; above, a
pellet
and a crescent; below, a
sh
resembling
aneel,
but with a forkedtail.}E.8. R.4.
Sestini,
Med.
Isp.
tab. i.
g.
15.
ACINIPO.
NowRondala
Vieja.
Situatednear
Munda.
l.
Obv.Acmipo.
Beardless
head, to the
right.
RAvine-leaJE. RA.
2. Obv.Abunch of
grapes.
RAcmlvo. Two ears
of corn.1E.5. R.3.
(Bril.Mus.)
Plate II. No. 4.
3. Obv.A bunch of
grapes,
between two branches.
RAclmro between two cars of
corn. ]E6. R.3.
4. Obv.Acmn>o between two ears
of
corn.
RAbunch of
grapes;
in the
eld,
four
globules.]E5.
R3.
5. Obv.AC1N1Po between two ears of corn.
RAbunch of
grapes,
between a star
(or
two
stars)
and a
crescent;
in the
eld,
three
globules.]13.5.
1L3.
type.
6. ObvwACINIPObetween two ears of
corn.
RL. FOLCEAEDILE. Abunch of
grapes.]E5.
R.5.
type.
7. Obv.ACINIPO. Beardless
head, to the
right.
RAvine-leaf.]E.5. RA.
AMBA.
Site unknown. These coins have been classed
by
Mionnet
(Supp.
tom. i.
p.
1I
l)
with the incerti of
Spain.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
19
l. Obv.Beardless head with
diadem,
to the
right;
before, a
hand. some
are
without the hand.
RAMBA. A
sphinx walking,
to the
right,
with a
Phry
gian cap;
before, a
stat}E.7. R.4.
(British Museum)
Plate. II. No. 5.
2. Obv.Baro beardless head, to the
right.
RAMBAbetween two ears of corn./E.8. RA.
3. Ob-v.AMBAn. G.
Bare male
head, to the
right.
RA
bull,
standing;
before,
two leaves of
laureLfE.S5.
R8.
Sestini
supposes
the head, on the obverse of this coin, to be of Sextus
Pompey. (Descriz.
Med.
lspan. p.
22.)
It is
engraved
in Hunter,
tab. iv.
g.
3.
ANTIKARIA.
Now
Antequera.
Florez,
tom. ii. tab. li. No.6. has
given
a
coin of
Antequera;
but it
belongs
to one
of the
kings
of Galatia.
Obv.Bare male head with
crisp
curls to the
right.
RM. SEMP. ANTIKA,
(the
three last letters in
monogram).
The
cone of
a
pine.]E.5.
RA.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab.i.
g.
17.
ARIA, or
CVYBARIA.1
NowLa
Maria(?)
1. (HmMale beardedhead, to the
right:
behind,
the mark of
the
semis, s.;
before, a
palm-branch.
RcvNs. ARIA.
A sh.}E5. lt.3.
(British Museum)
Plate II. No. 6.
2. Obv.
Male
beardless
head,
to the
right;
behind,
the letter s.
RwcvNn. ARIA. A
sh33.4%
R.3.
3. Obv.Bare beardless
head; before, a
dolphin.
RARIA. An
equestrian gure holding
a
spear.1E.6.
(Doubtful.)
Florez,
Tab. lix.
g.
6.
.
Obv.cn. ARIA. within a
square.
A sh.
RAnear of corn.]E.6. R.4.
.i.
'
Aria,_according
to Florez, though
there is no evidence of the existence of
this
place
in
any
ancient author, except
the doubtful
passage
in
Pliny
iii.
I,
quoted by Florez, but which reads Celti Arua, in
Silligs
text.
Lips.
1831. See
other
readings,
Antonin. Itiner.
Wesseling, 1735,
p.
4|4. The
type
andfabric
of these coins seem to
belong
to Baetica.
20 ANCIENT COINS oF
ARVA.
NowAlcoleadel
Rey.
Sestiui
(Med.
lspan. p.
25)
questions
the
authenticity
of the coins here
described;
but
M. Hennin admits them in his Nomenclature
(Manuel,
p.
38).
l. Obv.Bare
youthful
head, to the
right;
behind, a sh;
before, a star.
RARVA. An
equestrian gure bearing
a lance, to the
right.]E
8. RI).
2. Obv.s. nvE. Bare male
head,
to the
right.
RM.
ARVEN. An
equestrian gure.}E6.
R5.
3. Obv.Bare male headbetween three
dolphins.
RARVA. An
equestrian gure galloping
to the
right,
holding
a
palm-branch.]E.6.
R.5.
See
Florez,
Tab. iv.
g.
3. and Tab. lix.
gs.
8 and9.
ASCUI, or ASCUTA.
Site unknown.
Supposed by
some to be the Escuaof
Pliny
and
Ptolemy.
l. ObsThe head of
Hercules, to the
right, placed
on a
thun
derbolt; before, a
club.
RKHII
An
elephant.1E5.
R.4.
Sestiui,
Med.
lspan.
tab. ii.
gs.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
Mion.
Supp.
tom.
i.
p.
54. An
imperfect specimen,
in the British
Museum,
is
engraved
in Plate II No. 7.
2.
Obv.Ascv. Bare beardless
head, to the
right.
RAn
elephant./E.4.
R.4.
3. Obv.LAscvT. Head of
Hercules, to the
left; behind, a
club.
licFour
ears of
corn
rising
from an altar}E.7. Sestiui.
CITIES AND permits.
21
ASIDO.
NowXerez de la
Frontera,
according
to Florez.1
Pliny
says
it
was a
colony,2
but the coins which have been left to
our times
are
all autonomous. The
types
o'er
nothing
remarkable;
No.
2,
has the head of
Hercules, as on the
coins of
Gades,
with
a reverse
copied
from the consular
coins of the
family
Valentia.
l. 0bv.AsIDO. Diademedbeardedmale
head,
to the
right.
A bull
bounding]E.7.
RI).
2. Obv.AsIDO. Headof Hercules covered with the lions
skin,
andthe club
on
the shoulder.
lkA
cornucopiae
and a thunderbolt within a laurel
gar
land.}E.5. R.6.
3. Obv.Abull
standing,
to the
right;
above, a
large
star.
RA
dolphin;
above,
the
symbol _
; below,
the in
scription ;
in the
eld, a
caduceus.]15.55.
R4.
type.
4. Obv.AsIDo. Bare male
head, to the
right.
RAbull
bounding,
to the
right;
above, a
monogram,
or
a bowand
arrow; below,
the
inscription
as on No.1.
1E.7. R.5.
5. Obv.Aslno. Beardeddiademed head.
RAbull
running; below,
the letters as on No.
1; above,
a cross withina crescent.1E7. R.5.
6. Obv.AsIDO. Bare male
head,
to the
right.
RAbull
running;
above and
below, ~|)A|E]
1L5.
ASIDO AND ASTAPA 1N ALLIANCE.3
7. Obv.Headof
Apollo; before, A or ASIDO
R-A bull
standing;
above, L
and a
crescent; below,
AsTPE,
in Turditan characters.]E5. R.5.
(British
Museum). (Plate
ll.
No.8.)

VoLii.
p.
162.
2
l.ib.iii. eV 1.
a
See De
Saulcy, Essai, p.204.
22
ANCIENT COINS oF
ASPAVIA.
Site unknown. Sestini1
gives representations
of two
coins; one
has a
bearded
head, or mask,
to the
left; Rem,
an
inscription
in two
lines,
the rst
being
in the
ordinary
Phoenician
characters, as on the coins of
Gades,
presenting
the word
717210;
the
second,
composed
of characters
1650!!!
bling
the
Celtiberian;
two ears
of
corn
across the eld.
Query,
were
these
objects originally
shes,
andis it
a
coin
of Gades
artfully
altered?
ASTA.
NowMesadAsta. Situated
on
the river
Baetis,
oppo
site Gades.
l. OblhASTA. Bare male head. to the
right.
RA
wingedsphinx,
to the
left; below,
Celtiberiancha
racters.
(DoublfullJZEB.
Florez, tom. iii. tab. lx. No. 2.
2. Ob'U.M. POPILLI M. r. Laureated head of
Apollo,
to the
right.
RP. Co1.. AsTARE. F. A bull
standing, regarding
the
right[ 15.6.
R6.
The words of
Pliny2
illustrate the
legend
of the reverse of this coin.
The letter 1-
may probably signify
Felix.a
ASTAPA.
Now
Estepa
la
Vieja.
Situated on
the river
Baetis,
between Anticariaand
Ventipo. Astapa
was
destroyed
by
the Romans for their adherence to the
Carthaginians,
B.c. 208.4
l. Obv.ASTAPA. Bare
youthful
head,
to the
right.
RFemale
head, fullfaced, surrounded
with
rays.-[ E.7.
R.8.
2. Obv.Beardless head with the
vitta,
to the
right.
RLegend. comprising
the letters
ASTPE.
A
boar,
to the
right; above, a stat1E3. C.
(British Museum).
(Plate
II. No.
9).

'
Med.
Ispan. p.
30. tab. ii.
figs.
9 and 10.
1
Coloniae: Asta
quae Regia
dicitur. lib. iii. 0. l.
1
Eckhel. D. N\ V. vol. i.
p.
15.
*
l.i\. xxviii. 22, 23.
CITIES AND PRINCES. 23
3. Ol51;. CN. voc. s'r. F. Laureated
head, to the
right.
Rcn.
FVL. cu. F. and the
legend
ASTPE.
A boar.
]E.5. R. 4.
4: Obv.Laureated beardless
head,
to the
right.
RLegend, comprising
the letters
AsTPE(direct,
or retro
grade).
A
sphinx,
in the eld a star and
M.(British
Museum). '(Plate
II. No.
10.)
The size varies. On
some,
the letters L. AP. DEC.
5.
Obv.Lanreated head.
RLegend, comprising
the letters AsTPE. A bull.
1E.5.
ASTAPA AND URSO.

Obv.L.
AP. DEC.
Q.
Head.
l?cvRsoNE. A
sphinx;
in the
exergue,
the
legend
com
prising
the letters AsTPE.-}E.9. R.3.
ASTAPA AND OBULCO.
Obv.onvL.
NlG. Male head.
R.Abull and a crescent with the
legend comprising
the
letters AsTPE. HE. C.
The module varies
ASTAPA AND ASIDO
Obv.Aslno. Head.
RLegend, comprising
theletters ASTPE. Abull.-[ E.7. RI).
AUGURINA.
Now
Santiago
de la
Higuera.
A coin
placed by
Florez
among
the Incerti of
Spain (Tab.
lvi.
No.
4.)
has been attributed
by
some
numismatists to
Augurina
without
any
foundation. See Sestiui Med.
Ispan. p.
215,
and
Tab.
ultima,
No. 13.
BAILO.
NowBalonia.
By
Strabo called Belon which
probably
is
nearer the
original
name
than the Latin Bailo.
Obv.BA1Lo. An ear of
corn; above,
the
inscription |\|((|.:]
RAbull
standing,
to the
left; above, a
star, crescent,
and
pellet.-}E.5.
R.8.
Florez,
tab. li.,
No. 8.
(British
Museum.)
(Plate
IV. No.
l.)
'
It
appears
from the words of Strabo that it was the name of the river
also xal
[ uni
rain'aBelwiv mihi;
Kai
1rorap6g.
Lib. iii.
p.
96. Ed. 1587.

24 ANCIENT colNs or
BAREA.
NowVera.
Ptolemy
mentions it
as one
of the towns of
Baetica,
but
Pliny places
it in Tarraconeusis.
ObvLBAREA.
A Thistle.
R.Abunch of
grapes.
33.5. RA.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
p.
34.
CALLET.
NowPruna.
Obv.Head, to the
right,
crowned with
ivy (?)
RcALLET between two lines,
and two ears of corn
placed
horizontally[ E.7.
R.5.
(British Museum).
(Plate
III. No.
2).
type, one of which has the headof Hercules,
another a helmedhead. The sizes are 5, 7,
8.
CALPE.
The coin
formerly
attributed to
Calpe, having
the head
of
Jupiter,
Rev.....cALP.
a
military gure, holding
a
patera,
has been restoredto
Panormus,
in
Sicily.
CANACA.
The coins attributed to Canacahave been restored
by
the Rev. J. C.
Lindberg
to Sex1 under which
they
will be
found hereafter described.
CARBULA.
Near Cordobaon the
Guadalquivir (Baetis).
Obv. Female
head,
to the
right ;
before, a
crescent; behind, x.
RcARBVLA. A
rudely
formed
Lyre (?)]E.7.
R.4.
(British Museum). (Plate
III. No.
3).
Others are of the 8th and9th size,
anddiffer
slightly
in
type.

Inalearnedandmost
ingenious
dissertationentitled
De Numis Punicis
Sextorum,
olim a Canacaet Concanaatributis."
Hauniae, 8vo. 1824.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
25
CARISSA.
NowCarixa.
Obv.Laureatedmale head to the
right.
RcAius. An
equestrian gure
with
a
buckler,
galloping,
to the left]15.6. R.4.
There are varieties of these
coins,
both in
type
and
size; some
having
the headof the
young
Hercules,
others a laureated head, andsome a
female head with a collar. On
one, given by Florez, there is a tablet
belowthe
equestriangure, bearing
the
legend
CARISI.
CARMO.
.
NowCarmona.
l. Obv.Laureated headof
Jupiter.
RcARMo. A
horse,
pacing;
below,
IA.]E.4. R.6.
2. Obv.Beardless head to the
right.
RcAnMo between two ears of corn.}E.7. R.3.
(British
Museum.) (Plate
III. No.
6.)
Others are of the sixth size.
3. Obv.Same
head,
crowned with vine leaves.
Bccamuo betweentwo lines andtwo ears of corn.}E.6.
R.3.
4. Obv.Head of
Mercury
with
winged petasus,
to the
right;
before, a caduceus.
RLegend
and
type
as No. R.5.
5. Obv.Beardlcss head of Hercules in the lion's
skin,
to the
right.
RcAaMo. Two ears
of corn.]E.7. RA.
6. Obv.Diademed beardless
head,
to the
right.
RcARMo. Two ears of corn.1E.6. RA.
7. Obv.Helmedbeardless heardwithin a
myrtle garland.
ROMRAO
(sic)
between two cars of corn.]E.9. R2.
8. Obv.-Another,
with KARMO
(sic).]E.9.
R2.
9. Obv.Heln'ied headwith
a
plume,
to the
right,
within
a
myrtle
garland.
RcAaMo betweentwo cars of corn.1E.10. 1L3.
(British
Illuseum.) (Plate
III. No.
5.)
There are others of the
fth, sixth,
and ninth size.
E
26 ANCIENT COINS oF
10. Obv.-cARMo. Ahorse
galloping.
RAn ear of corn.]E.3. R.4.
CAR'IEIA.
NowRocadillo. Carteiawas
created a Roman
Colony
by
the
Senate,
A. V. C. 583.1
1. Obv.CARTEIA.
Turreted head,
to the
right.
Rn. D.
Neptune standing,
to the
left,
his
right
foot
placed
on a rock, holding
in his
right
handa
dolphin,
and in his
left a trident. In the eld of some
R,
as a countcrmark.
]E.5.%.
R.l.
(British
M'useum. Dr. John
Lee).
(Plate
III. No.
8).
type,
some of which have the letters n. n. or
P-
(Decreto
Decurionum),
as a countermark.
2. Obv.Bare beardless head, to the left.
Rc. VlB. AID. CARTEIA.
Dolphin,
with the letter
s,
the
mark of the semis}E5. R.3.
3. Obv.Headof
Neptune,
to the left
;
behind, s.
RL. illARCr CAREHA. A
dolphin;
s.-]E.5. R3.
type.
4. Obv.CARTEIA.
Turretedfemale
head,
to the
right; behind,
a
trident.
Bcc. MINIVS. VIBI. 1m. vm.
A
gure
seated
on a rock,
to the
left, holding
an
angle,
from which
depends
a sh;
by
his
side,
the basket with bait.}E.5. R33.
singular type.
See
Florez, tab. xv. 2. 3,
4.
5. OImcanrsm.
Same head.
RD. D
Cupid riding
on a
dolphin,
to the
right.
]E.4.
R.4.
6. Obv.Laureatedhead of
Jupiter,
to the
right;
behind, s.
Rcania
M...ACv.
The
prow
of
agalley.1E.4.
RJ.
7. Obv.CARTEIAEX. n. D. Turretedfemale head.
RL.MA1vs c. F. POLLIO. IIIIVIR. A Caduceus.
/E.5. R.l.
B. Obv-CARTEIA. Turretedfemale
head; behind, a trident.
Rc. MINI. nu. via. 0. VlBl. mIVm.
A
rudder; in the
eld, IT. 1v.
(quaiuorvir
ilerum).]E.5.
R2.
'
Liv. lib. xliii.c.4.
Pliny says
the Greeks called it
Tartessus,
lib. iii.c. I.
See, also,
Melaand Strabo.
CITIES AND PniNcEs. 27
10.
ll.
14.
l5.
l6.
I7.
18.
19.
Obv.cAR'r1'-:1A. Lam-sated head of
Jupiter,
to the
right;
behind,
the letter s.
RL.
ARG. cN.
T111.
AED.
in the
eld,
s.]E.5.
ObnSame headandletter.
RQ. ops.
(or OPSL.)
CARTEIA.
right.
Prowof a
galley,
to the
right;
Prowof
a
galley,
to the
Obv.-Same head and letter.
RL. MAI. CARTEIA. Prow;
s.]E5. R2.
.
Obv.Same head andletter.
Prow.}E.6.
There
are
many
varieties of this
type.
reverse.
R.2.
Some have a
dolphin
onthe
RQ. PEDECAI.
.
Obv.Bearded helmed head, to the
right.
RcAKTETA. A
dolphin;
above, 5.,
the mark of the
semis.1E.3. R2.
Obv.-GERMANICO E'l DRVSO.
the
right.
RCAESARIBVS uuvm. CART.
in the eld of the
coin;
aprow..E.4&.
R2.
type.
Turreted female
head, to
Obv.Beardless head of Hercules with the lions
skin;
in
the
eld, a club.
RCupid riding
on a
dolphin
to the
left;
in the
exergue,
Ansss.}E.6. Mionnet,
Descr.
Supp.
vol. i.
p.
21.
Obv.-cAnTE1A. 'lurretedfemale
head; behind,
a thunder
bolt.
RM. FALclmvs. lllIVIR. EX. s.c. A club, bow,
and
quiver.}E.5.
R2.
Obv.Same
legend
and
head; behind,
a trident.
RCupid riding
on a
dolphin;
above, IIIIVIR; below, EX
n. n.]E.4. R.1.
(Brit. Mus.)
(Plate
III. No.
7)_
Obv.-Same
legend
and
head,
but without the trident.
Type
similar to No. 4.]E.5. 1L1.
'lurretedfemale head.
RD. D.
Obv.cAnrsIA. EX. m).
R--L. MAIVS POLLIO IIIIVIR.
A caduceus
placed
hori
zontally.]E.5.
R.l. Florez,
tab. lxi.
g
6.
28 ANCIENT COINS OF
20.
14.
25.
26.
27.
l.
2.
3.
.
Obv.unvrn. TER.
Obv.-Head
of
Jupiter,
to the
right.
RA
thunderbolt between the
inscription
CES. AVG.
]E.5. R.l.
.
Obv.Beardless male head, to the
right.
A club.}E.3. R.l.
Headof
Neptune.
RcARTEIA.
BccAn'rm. c. MINI. Q.
F.
A
dolphin.]E.4.
C.
.
Obv.Same
legend
and
head; behind, a trident.
RcAn'rEiAc. MIN. Q.
11.
A
dolphinE.4.
C.
type.
0bv.Bare head of
Neptune.
RsEPT. CAR. The
prow
of a
galley.]E.5.
R.l.
Obv. CARTEIA. A
dolphin
and a
trident in saltier.
Rnnvm. D. D.
A
rudder.}E.4.
R.l.
Obv.Helrned head of Minerva.
RP. MION. mlVin.
A rudder.]E.3.
Obv.Female head to the
right.
RcARTEIAM. ACv.
Prom155.45. (British
Museum).
(Plate
III. No.
9).
Florez, tom. i.
p.
313. tab. xvi. No.
3, gives
a coinof the fth size with
the head of Julius
Caesar,
Rev.
Neptune standing,
as on No. l
3
but it
is
suspected
to he a retouched
example
of that
type.
R.l.
CAURA.
NowCoria.
Obv.Helmed
head, to the
right,
within
a
laurel
garland;
behind, x .
RcAVRA. A sh and a crescent; below, A.}E.9.
R.6.
Eckhel,
Doct. Num. Vet. tom. i.
p.18.
Obv.Helmed head, to the
left,
withina
myrtle garland.
RcAvR/i between two
lines; above, a crescent,
and
A.;
below. a
fish.]E-9. R.6.
Florez,
tom. i.
p.347.
tab,
xviii. No.2.
Obv.Bust of
Hercules,
beardedand
laureated,
with the club
on his shoulder.
RcAvRA. A
gure walking,
to the
left,
bearing
a sh
on
his shoulder.-/E.4. RB. Mus.
Hedervarii, tom. i.
p.
2.
No.27,
and tab. i. No.1.
CELTI.
NowPueblade los lnfantes.
Celti,
according
to
Pliny,l
was
dependent
upon
the
juridical
convention of
Hispalis.
(Seville.)
Obv.Helmed
head,
to the
right.
RcELTI'rAN. A
hog walking
onthe headof a
spear.]E.8.
R.6.
Florez,
tab. lxi.
g.
14.
Other coins
givenby
Florez have a bull on the reverse. This
author reads the
legend oEL'riTANum
manicipium.
CEBET.
Site unknown. Ceret is not indicated
by
the ancient
geographers.
Some have
supposed
it to be the Seriaof
Pliny, subsequently
calledFamaJulia.
1. Obv.Female head.
REERET. Two ears of corn
placed horizontally]E.3.
R.6.
Florez,
tab. xix.
g.
10.
2. Obv.An ear of corn
anda
dolphin.
RLERETacross the eld.}E.5. R.6.
Florez, tab. lxi.
g.
15.
CORDUBA
QUZE
ETPATRICIA.
NowCordoba. This town
had,
in addition to its ancient
name,
that of
Patricia,
which is also found on coins,
agreeably
to the
description
of
Pliny.2
CORDUBA.
Obv.cs. lvLr. L. E.
Q.
Diademedheadof
Venus,
to the
right.
RconnvBA.
Cupid standing, holding
a torch and a cornu
copia:.E.5.
R.4.
(Plate
111. No.
10.)
type,
andsome have the mark of the
qua
drans,
.0.
'
Lib. iii. c. l.
"
ColoniaCordoba
Patrician
cognomine.Lib.
iii. c.l.
30
ANcIEN'r coINs oF
PATRICIA.
l. 0bv.PERMISSV CAESARIS AVovs'rl.
Bare head of Au
gustus.
RcoLoNIAPATRICIA.
Legionary eagle
between two
standards.]13.9. R.3.
type,
some of which have the
.rimpulum
and
the
apex
on the reverse. The sizes also
vary.
2. Obzapen. cAss.
Avovs'rI,
or PERMISSV CAESARIS AVo.
Bare head of
Augustus.
RcoLoNIAPATRICIA
withina civic
garland.]111.6.
R.4
(British Museum.)
_
(Plate
III. No.
11.)
3. Obv.PER. CAB. AVG. Bare head.
RcoLoN. PATR.,
or COLoNIAPATRICIA. Pontical in
struments.]E4. 11.3.
(Brit. 1l/Ius.) (Plate
IV.
No.1.)
Others have the
apex,
lituus, and
siinpulum.
EPORA.
NowMontora.
Ptolemy
calls this town
Ebora,
but in
scriptions given by
Gruterl showthat
Epora
is the true
orthography.
I. Obv.Veiled
head of Ceres with wheaten
garland,
to the left;
before, a
sceptre.
REPORA. A bull
standing,
to the
left.}E.65. Florez,
tab. lii.
g.
16.
Some are of much
larger
module.
'2. ()bv.Bare
bearded
head, to the
right,
within
a laurel
garland.
RAIPoRA in
rudely
formed
characters,
between two
sh]13.8%.
Florez,
tab. lxvii.
g\
2.
type.
3. Ubv.IIPoRA
(sic).
Beardless
head, to the
right.
RAbull
crouching,
to the
right;
before, an
altar(?)}E
9.
Florez,
tab. lviii.
g.
2.
These coins are of
very
rude work.
GADES.
NowCadiz. Both Strabo2 and
Stephanus3
call this
city
Gadeira. Solinus4 tells
us
that Gadir
signies fenced,
'
assrvn. EPORRNSISandone. mvN. upon.
p.
105.
Sestini, Med.lsp. p.49.
2
Lib. iii.
.
a
V.
Iadpa.
Cap.xxiii.
Pteno
iingua
suaGadir,
id
est, Swpem,
nominarunt.
or
walled,
and the Hebrewword
T15,
has that
signication
in
Holy
Writ.
According
to
Scylax,
there
were two islands
called
Gadeira, on one
of which
only
was a town.1 The
larger
brass coins of Gades
are
extremely common,
and
attest its
importance
as a
commercial
city,
before the sub
jugation
of
Spain by
the Romans.
They
remain to this
day
remarkable evidence of the
imperishable
nature of
a
national
coinage.
Delendaest
Carthago
was a vain
boast
of_the victor,
while
even
the
very money
of her
numerous colonies remained to transmit her fame to the
latest
posterity.
Hercules
was
the chief
deity
in
Gades,
and Hannibal sacricedto him
previously
to his
expedition
against
the Romans. Philostratus3 mentions the
temple,
but
says
it
was
of the
Egyptian
Hercules,
'Hpalckeovs
Ai'ywr'ri'ou.
Mionnet4 confounds with the coins of Gades
several
pieces
afterwards attributed
by
Sestini5 to
Canaca,
but which in
reality belong
to
Sex,
and will be found
hereafter describedunder that town.
1. Obv.Beardless head of Hercules in the lion's
skin,
to the
right.
R~TTJR
(79373
in Phoenician
characters,
i.e.
by
the
people
of
Gadir.
Atunny-sh.Ar.4.
R.8.
(British Museum)
Mionnet,
from the Cab. ot'
Tochon,
Dcscrip.
tom.i
p.
12
;
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan. p.
49; Florez,
tab. xxvii.
g.
10.
IV.
No.3.)
2. ObsSame head, to the
left,
with the club on the shoulder.
RSame
legend.
'lwo
tunny-sh;
in the
eld,
a
pellet
within a crescent,
andthe Phoenician letter
aleph.}E.7.
C.
(British
Museum;
J.
Huxtable;
W.
Hawkins.)
(Plate
IV. No.
2.)
3. Obv.Beardless head,
full-faced.
RThe Phoenician
aleplz.
A
tunny-sh.ZE.4.
C.
type.

'
Periplus, p.120.
Ed.1700.
Liv. lib.xxi. c.2l.

_
3
De Vit.
Apoll.
lib.v. c.4.
Tom-i.
p.
13,
t
Supp.
tom.i.
p.25.
5
Med.
Ispan. p.36.
32 ANCIENT COINS oF
4. Obv.Full-facedbeardless headof Hercules inthe lions skin.
RThree Phoenician letters and
a
sh[ 51.5. R.3.
_
Florez, tab. xxvii.
g.
11.
There are also varieties of this
type.
5. OimHeadof
Hercules, as on No. 2.
RLegend,
as Nos. 1 and2. Atrident between two sh
;
inthe
eld, a
pellet
and
crescent,
and
a stain]13.7.
Florez,
tab.itxvii.
g.8.
6. Obv.Headof
Hercules, to the
left; behind, a club.
RJ'llll
593
in Phtenician characters.
i.e. the
city of
Gadir. A
dolphin
entwined arounda trident.E.4. C.
(Walter Hawkins). (Plate
IV.
No.5.)
7. Obv.Head of
Hercules, to the
left,
with club andlion's skin.
l?<~A
temple
with the
gates
closedwithina laurel
garland.
]13.10.
Florez,
tab. liv.
g.2.
8. Obv.Radiatedfull-facedheadof the sun.
Rljzl
Two
shes.55.4%.
Florez, tab.liv.
gs.7&8.
Query
if these coins are of Gades?
oanes AND
comm,
on
COLIPPO,
IN ALLIANCE
(?)
Obv.cosR. or
coura,
incountermark. Beardless headof Her
cules,
to the
left,
covered with the lion's skin.
RTwo
tunny-sh,
the one
of them with
a
belt on which is
a
crescent; above, COER.
in
countermark; below, 11335
in
Phoeniciancharacters.}51.6. R.4.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. i.
g.
10.
GADES MUNICIPIUM
l. Obv.MvNbetween two lines;
above an ear of
corn.
RGAnas between two
bars; above, a sh.113.5. R.8.
Florez,
tom.ii. tab.itxvi. No.1.
2. Obv.Beardless headof Hercules in the lion's
skin,
and with
the club on his shoulder.
RBausvs
PoNT.
A
knife,
the
simpulum
and
hatchet,
and
a star.]E.l 1. R.6.
Florez,
tab.xxvi. No.3.
type,
and some of smaller module. Some
have the
simpulum
andthe
lituus,
and some are without the star.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
33
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.Headof
Hercules,
with the club andlion's skin.
RAvovsTvs
mm. P. A
winged
thunderbolLJEJI.
R.3.
There
are varieties,
with the title
Pontifer Maximus,
andthe
pontieal
instruments.
2-
Ob'U.AVGVSTVS. Laureatedhead of
Augustus.
RA
tetrastyle temple
within
a
laurel
garland]141.10.
RA.
CAIUS AND LUCIUS CIESARS
Obv.AVovs'rvs. Laureatedheadof
Augustus.
RBare heads of the
Caesars,
back to back,
within a
laurel
garland.1215.10.
11.7.
AGRIPPA.
l. Obv.AGRIPPA. Bare head of
Agrippa.
RMvNICIP.
PARENS.
The acrostolium.}E.ll. R.7.
2. ObU.AGRIPPA. Head of
Agrippa,
to the
right,
with the
rostral
crown.
RMvNICIP.
PARENS,
or MvNICI. GA. PATRON.
The
acrostolium .]E. l 1. 1L7.
There are
varieties of this
type.
3. Obv.Beardedhead of
Hercules,
with lion's skin andclub.
RM. AGRIPPAcos. III. MvNICIPI. PARENS.
The
acro
stolium.}E.9. R.7.
NERO.
GIRLNERO
(or
without
legend).
Bare headof
Nero, to the left.
RTI. cLAvDIvs.
The
simpulnm.1E.ll
& 9. R.5.
Another,
of the 9th size,
has the bare headof Hercules onthe obverse.
See Florez, tom. ii. tabs.xxvi- and liv.
ILIBERIS.
The
lk)nspig
of
Ptolemy,
a town of the
Iliberi, or
Liberini,
mentioned
by Pliny,l
situated
on
the hill known

Lib.iii. c. I.
F
34 ANCIENTCOINS 01:
in modern times
as
the Sierrade
Elvira,
in the
neighbour
hoodof Grenada.
1. Obv.Bare beardless head.
RLegendcomprising
the letters ILBREKN.
A horseman
conducting
two horses,
armed with a
buckler and three
javelins, galloping
to the left.AR.-denarius.
RA. Bri
iiS/I. Museum. (Plate
IV. No.
6.)
2. Ol)'l;.Bare beardless
head,
to the
right;
a
sh.
R
Legendcomprising
the letters
runs,
or iLaRsKN,
or
ILBERNEN,
or
iLBRNEKNJ A horseman with a
circular
buckler and
long
lance.IE.
7,
8 8r 9. R.4.
3. Obv.Bare head.
RLegend comprising
the letters ILBRS.
A horseman
with buckler and
long
lance.}E.66: 7. RA. De
Saulcy,
p.
202.
These coins are erroneously attributed, by
Sestini, to Ilercavonia.
4. DimBare male
head,
to the
right; behind,
it.
RLIBER-, or
ILIBERL,
or ILIBERRIS.
A
sphinx.]E.
6&7. R.6.
ILIPA.
Ilipa,
a town of the
Turdetani,
situated
on the river
Baetis,
is called also Ilia
by Pliny}
and
an
inscription
given by
Gruter,3
mentions immunes Ilienses
Iliponenses.
Ptolemy4 gives
it the
epithet pe'ydAn, by
which,
perhaps,
it
was
distinguished
from the
following
townof the
same name.
llipa
is
supposed
to have
occupied
the site of the modern
Peaor,
on
the banks of the
Guadalquivir,
between Cordova
and Seville. A coin of
Ilipa,
in alliance with the
Attubi,
will be foundunder Obulco
(page 47),
with which town
they
were
also in alliance.

'
See
Introduction, p.4.
2
Ilipacognomine Ilia,
lib. iii. 1.
a
P. 351.
Aa'i'lra
(i) 'Ihhivra) ue'ydhn,
lib.ii. (1.4.
CITIES AND PRINCES- 35
ILIPA, ILIPLA,
ILIPULA,
ILIPENSE.
The
Illipula
of
Ptolemy
and of
Pliny.
Now
Niebla,
where,
according
to
Florez,
coins inscribed
gllipla
are
frequently
discovered.
I. Obv.Bare beardless
head, to the
right;
behind, (Dor HO.
RLegend comprising
the letters ILIPALA-
A horseman
galloping,
to the
right, bearing
a
long
lance.AR. dena
rius.1
(Plate
IV. No.
7.)
2. Obv.A
horseman; below, a crescent and theletter A
RILIPLA. between two lines and two ears of corn.]E.9.
R.6.
3. Obv.An
ear of corn.
RILII'ENSEbetween two lines. A
sh; above, a cres
cent. ]E.8. R.l.
(British Museum;
Walter
Hawkins;
C. R.
Smith.) (Plate
IV. No.
8.)
type.

ILITURGI.
Now
Andujar
el
Vejo,
three miles from
Andujar.
A
city
of the T
urduli, on the
Baetis,
destroyed by Scipio
for
the
part
it hadtaken with the
Carthaginians According
to
Pliny
it
was calledForum .Iulium.3
l. Obv.Beardedmale
head, to the left
:
caduceus.
RILlTvRGI. A horseman
galloping,
to the left.]E.9.
R.4.
2. Obv.Laureated
head,
to the
left; before,
two stars.
RILoITVR.
EsNEo.
(sic), (pro
iLol'rvnoENssP)
Anear
of
corn.]E,7.
R5.
Florez, tom. iii. tab. lxiii.

'
The
legend
of this coin is
given by
M. de
Saulcy,
from an
imperfect
specimen (Essai, plancheiii. No.157);
but an
engraving
of a
well-preserved
example
is
given by
M. de
Longprier,
in the Revue
Numismatique,
vol.vi.
p.331,
which
clearly
shows that it is of
Ilipula.
2
Liv.
lib.xxviii.; Appian.
Bell.
Hispan.
lib.vi.
3
Lib. iii. c. l.
36 ANCIENT coins 0F
ILURCO.
llurco is mentioned
by Pliny,1
but the
only
numismatic
monument
known to us
is the coinhere described.
Obv.Bare
male head, to the
right.
RILvRcoN. Bare male head. ]13.7. R.6.
Florez,
tab. xxx.
No.4.
IPAREO, or
IPAGRO.
Florez
supposes
that the site of the ancient
Ipareo
is
occupiedby
the
Aguilar
of modern times. Muratori2
gives
an
inscription
in which
Ipagrenses
Pii
occurs.
1. Obv.Rude helmed
head,
to the
right; before,
a
palm
branch
(?).
RLegend
in Turdulan
characters, comprising
the letters
IPAREO. Trinacria;
in the centre of which a counter
mark.]E.8.
IV. No.
9.)
Compare
the
type
of the reverse of this coin with that of Hunter.
tab. xxxi. No. 4.
2. Obv.Similar
type,
or a bare head.
RLegend
as
before. A
spbinx.
De
Saulcy,
from the
cabinets of the
Bibliotheque
du Roi and M.
Gorcy.
3. ObuIPAGRO.
Bearded
head, to the
right.
RVictory, standing.}15.4.
Florez.
4. Obv-IPAGRO.
Beardedhead.
RVictory, holding
a
garland
and a
buckler; before, an
unknown
object:
the whole within
a
garland.]E4.
Sestini,
tab. ii.
g.
12.
IPAREO INALLIANCE WITH ASTA REGIA.
Sestini3 doubts the existence of these
coins,
which
were
rst
publishedby
Florez,1r
but M. de
Saulcy5
cites
a
speci
men
inthe French cabinet.6

'
Lib.iii. c. l.
P.1052,
No.3.
3
Med.
Ispan.>p.60.
Tab.lx. 2.
5
Essai.
p.199.
6
A friend
observes,
that M. de
Saulcy appears
not to have noticed the
passage
from
Artemidorus,
the
geographer,
cited
by Stephanus Byzantinus,
voce 'IBnpianKai 'Aprqtidwpog
s'v
dsvrpw
n3z!
1swypagbovpvwv;
'ypap
lua'r'uq}
5E
xpdiwu 'ri
rdm'l'rahm oi
'n'apd
Hakarrav
oixoiv'reg raw
'Ir'lpwv.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
37
Obv.AsTA. Bare male
head,
to the
right.
Riranao in Turdulan characters. A
sphinx walking,
to
the left.]E.7. R.7.
IRIPPO.
There is
reason to believe that the coins inscribed
Irippo
are
of the
same town as
those
bearing Orippo,
which are
described hereafter. An
example
with the rst
name,
in
the British
Museum,
is
engraved
in Plate V. No. 1. See
the Coins of
Obulco,
p.
45.
ISPALIS.
(See
the coins of Romulaandof
Obulco.)
ITALICA.
Italica
was, according
to
Appian,l
founded
by Scipio
as
a retreat for invalided
soldiers,
hence its
name.
It
was
situatedinthe
neighbourhood
of
Hispalis,
andis celebrated
as the
birth-place
of
Trajan,
Hadrian,
Theodosius
Magnus,
and
Silius,
the
poet.
No autonomous coins
are known.
Those here described
are
essentially
of Roman character.

Artemidorus ourished3.c. 103
(Clinton,
Fast.
Hell.),
about
midway
between
the
taking
of Numantia
by Scipio,
n.c. 143,
and the
age
of
Strabo, n.c. 78.
From the rst
period
dates the redudcionof
Spain
into a Roman
province;
and, according
to M. de
Saulcys view,
the use of the Celtiberiancharacter on
all
except
a few
bi-lingual coins,
ceasedat the same time. The statement
of Artemidorus however that inhis time
(n.c. 103)
the Latincharacter was
used on the
coasts,
leads to the less
arbitrary
conclusion,
that the Celti
berian was
displaced by it, not at
once,
but
gradually;
that
many
inland
places may
have continued to strike coins with Celtiberian
legends
alone,
for some time after the
taking
of Numantia
(n.(:. 143); that the
native character was not
altogether forgotten
in the time of
Augustus, as
appears
both
by
the
bi-lingual
coins of
Sagnntum, etc.,
andthe tense used
by
Strabo inthe well-known
passage
about the Turduli,
7pauua-ruc1)
d
XpJw-rai;
andthat it was
probably
never
employed
after his
reign;
thus
allowing
about
eighty years
for its
displacement,
a
periodsuicient, as we learn from
Strabo,
to Romanise the
Spaniards.
Bell.
Hisp.
lib.vi. c.38.
38 ANCIENT COINS oF
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.PERM. AVG. DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER.
Head of
Augustus,
with
spiked crown;
above, a
star; before,
a
thunderbolt.
RMvN. ITALIc. IVLIA AVGVSIA.
A veiled female
gure,
seatedona throne, to the left;
holding
a patera
and
the hasta
pura.}E.9.
R.5.
(British Museum).
(Plate
V.
No.2.)
Italicais here
styledMunicipium,
onthe
rights
of
which, as
distinguished
from those of a
colony,
see Aulus Gellius.I
2. Obv.renm. AVG. MvNIc. rrauc. Bare headof
Augustus,
to the
right.
RGEN. POP. ROM. A
gure
in the
toga, standing;
at its
feet a
globe.53.7.
1L3.
This is an uncommon
legend
on a colonial coin. Onthose of the lower
empire,
after Constantius
Chlorus,
it is of
perpetual
occurrence.
3. Obv.PERM. cans. AVG. Bare head of
Augustus,
to the left.
RMvNIC. lTALlc. Remus and
Romulus,
suckled
by
the
wolf.}E.6. KB.
This
type,
so common oncoins of the Roman
colonies, occurs on no
others struck in
Spain.
4. Obv.PERM. AVG. MvNIC- ITALIc. Bare
head, to the
right.
RROMA. Rome
personied, standing,
helmeted,
and
holding
the hastaand
parazonium ;
a buckler at her feet.
]118. R2.
5. Obv.D1vvs AVGVSTVS PATER. Head of
Augustus,
with
spiked
crown.
RMvN. ITAL. PERM. AVG.
and in the
exergue,
PROVI
DENT.
Analtar.JE.8. R.2.
The
type
of the reverse is
copied
from that of a
very
common
Roman
coin of
Augustus.
LIVIA.
Obv.PERM. AVGVSTI MvNICIP. ITALIc. Head of
Livia,
to
the
right.
RAVovs'rA.
. . . . .
Afemale
gure, seated, holding
the
hastaanda
patera.]E.8.
R.5.

'
Municipes ergo
sunt cives Romani ex
municipiis, legibus
suis et suo
jure
utentes muneris tantum cum
populo
Romano honorarii
participes.
Lib.xvi. c.13. Cf. Niebuhr, History
of Rome.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
39
TIBERIUS.
1. ObvwPERM. AVG. Bare headof
Tiberius, to the left.
RMvNIC. ITALIc. A
CornnCopiae.}E.4.
R.4. Florez.
Another has a sphere
inthe eld.
2. Obv.'rI. CAESAR AVGVSTI F.1MPERATOR v. Bare head
of Tiberius.
RMvNIc. ITALIC- PERM. DIVI. AVo.
An
altar, on
which
is
inscribed, PROVIDENTIAEAVGVSTl.]E.9. 11.5.
3. Obv.IMP. TI. CAESAR AVovs'r. Headof Tiberius.
RPERM.
D1Vl. AVG. MVNIc. I'rALIc.
Type
as
No.2.
]E.7. R2.
coins,
both of
legend
and
type.
DRUsUs.
Obv.Dnvsvs CAESAR
'rI.Avo._
r. Bare headof Tiberius to
the
right.
RMvNIC. ITALIC. PER. AVG- A Roman
eagle,
vexillum,
andtwo
ensigns.]E.5.
R.4.
There are others, differing
in module.
GERMANICUS
Obv.GERMANICVS CAESAR. Bare head of
Germanicus,
to
the left.
RMvN....PER. AVG. The Roman
eagle
between two
standards.113.6. R.l.
_
type
ITUCI.
NowCastro del Rio el Leal. Ituci
was
Called Virtus
Julia,
according
to
Pliny.l
It is the
I-r6m1
of
Appian,2
and
was
situatedbetween Illiberis and Castulo.
1. Obv.-I'rvCI. An
equestrian gure
with lance andbuckler.
RTwo ears of
corn
;
in the
centre,
a
star.}E.6. R.3.

1
Ituci,
quae
virtus
Julia,
lib. iii. C. 1.
2
Bell.
Hisp. p.292.
4O
ANCIENT coms 0F
2. Obv.Abull
bounding
to the
right ; above,
a star.
RITVCI. An ear of
corn
placed horizontally}E.4.
1L4.
Florez, tab. liv.
3.
Obv.Legend
in Celtiberian
characters(P)
A
horseman
galloping,
to the left.
RTwo
ears of coin]13.6. R.3.
Florez,
tab. xxxi.
g.
13
;
and
Sestini,
tab. iii.
g.
2.
4. Obv.Acrescent anda star between two ears
of
corn.
Rrrvcl. A horseman]E9. RA.
Florez,
tab.xxxi.
g.
11.
5. Obv.An ear of
corn.
RITvcI,
within two
lines; above, a sh and
a crescent.
ZE.4. R.4.
Florez,
tab. xxxi.
g.
10.
The
legendonNo. 3
appears
to have been
imperfectly given
both
by
Florez and
by
Sestini.
JULIA.
Now
Antiquerra
and Lucena.
Julia,
quae
Fidentia.
Pliny,
lib. iii.
0. l.
Obv.Pnmcn>l. LEG. IX. Bare
youthful
male head.
RcoLoNIA
IVLIAIIVIR. Two
oxen harnessedto a
plough.
1E.5. R.8. Florez,
tab. lxiii.
g.
6.
Sestini
supposes
this coin to be a
spurious fabrication, formed from a
colonial
example
of Parium in
Mysia. (Med. Ispan. p.64.)
LACIPPO.
NowF
uengirola(.7)
Lacippo
is mentioned
by Pliny
as
one
of the towns
dependent
onthe convention of Gades.l
Obv.Abull
standing ; above, a star.
Rgvf
A
dolphin]&4.
Rs.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
p.57.
q
(In
the
Royal
Cabinet
of Madrid.)
AUGUSTUS.
Obv.-
....
..CIPPO.
Bare headof
Augustus,
to the
right.
R.Afemale
gure, wearing
the
stola, seated;
holding
in her

Lib. iii. c. l.
CITIES ANDPmNcEs.
41
right
hand
a
pine-apple,
and in her left a
cornucopia.
1E.5. 1L8.
Mionnet,
Descrip. Supp.
tom. i.
p.34.
LAELIA.
NowEl-Berrocal. Laeliais mentioned
by Ptolemy
only.1
Some have
supposed
it had this
name
from
Scipio,
in honour of his
colleague
Laelius.
(Sest.
Med.
Isp.
p.
65.)
l.
ObmA
horseman.
RLAELIA,
between an ear of corn
and a
pine-branch.
}E.7. R.4.
2. Obv.Ahorseman.
RLAELIA,
between a
palm-branch
and an ear
of
corn.
]-E.7. R.4.
3. Obv.Beardless helmetedheadto the
right.
RLAELIA. A
palm-tree.1E.5.
R.5.
4. Ob1tFemale headto the
right.
RLAELIA.
Two ears
of corn.}E.5. R.5.
There are
varieties of this
type.
AUGUSTUS
l.
Obv.Legend
e'aced.
RLAE
. . . .
betweentwo cars of corn
;
the whole within an
olive
garlands[ 35.
R.6.
2. Obv.Bare headto the
right.
RLAELIAbetween two ears
of corn.]E.4. R.6.
LUClUS CAESAR.
Obv.L. CAESAR. Bare headof L.
Caesar,
to the
right.
RLAELIA. An
ear of corn.]E.5. R.7.
TIBERIUS
Obv.TI- CAES. DIVI. AVG. F. Avo. Bare headof Tiberius.
RLAELIA. An ear of corn.}E.5. R.6.

'
Aal'Ma, lib.ii. c. 4, I2.
'
G
42
ANCIENT COINS or
LASTIGI.
Supposed
to be the modern Zahara. It is mentioned
by
Pliny
among
the towns of Celtic Baetica.l
1. Obv.Helmetedheadto the
right.
RLAsTIGI betweentwo ears of corn.}E.7. R.6.
2. Obv.Helmetedheadwithin a
garland.
RLAs. within
a
garland.
]E.5. R.6.
(Walter
Hawkins.)
(Plate
V. No.
3.)
3. Obv.LAs. (K175. Head of Hercules in the lion's skin.
RTwo
ears
of corn on analtar,
betweenthe
przefericululn
anda
cippus,
or some such
object.1E.5.
R.6.
4. Obv.An
equestriangure, proceeding
to the
right.
RLAsTIGI on a
tablet or
compartment,
between two ears
of corn.1E.6. R.6.
5. Obv.Beardless male headto the
right.
RLASTGI
(sic)
between two sh.-}E.7. R.S.
(British
Museum.) (Plate
V. No.
4.)
LUCIFER]EFANUM.
The coins attributed to Luciferae
Fanum,
by
Sestini
(Med. Ispan.
p.
67), belong
to Malaca.
MALACA.
Now
Malaga.
Malaca
was
situated
on
the
Guadalqui-
virejo,2
and,
according
to
Strabo, was
founded
by
the
Carthaginians.3 Stephanus
calls it
Makaxnf Ptolemy,
MUAGK15 and,
in
some
MSS. of
Pliny,
we
nd
Malacha,
which
betrays
its
Carthaginian
derivation.
There
are
varieties of the coins of
Malaca, differing
in
minute
particulars. Sestini,6as
already
observed,
attributed
them to Luciferae F
anum,
but numismatists are now
agreed

'
Lib. iii. c. 1.
2
Malacacum uvio
fmderatorum, Pliny,
lib. iii. c. l.
3
@mvmuc
rs ru'i
dxr'man,
lib. iii. c.4.
Voce
Mahala".
5
Lib.ii. c.4.
,
Med.
Ispan. p.68.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
43
as to their
appropriation
to Malaca. Instead of the four
characters
representing,
as he
supposes,
He, Zain, Pe, Tzade,
their
equivalents
are Mem, Lamed,
Caph, Aleph.
The Rev
J. C.
Lindberg observes,
in his letter to
me,
that in the
legend onsome
of the coins of Malacathe nal character
is?
,
as
in No.
3,
andthat then
we
shouldread713573,
and
not
R3573;
both, however,
signifying
Malaca. He further
remarks,
that the character
X
is not 7'! but
H,
as
is shewn
by
the coins of
Tingis,
in
Africa;
that both R andH
are
feminine terminations in
Hebrew;
and
that,
while
some
have read
7123???
regina(urbiurn),
others have read
HQNQQ
oicina(fabrorum),
which latter Gesenius maintains.
Leaving
these
opinions
to be discussed
by
the learnedand
ingenious,
the numismatist will
probably
be satisedwith the fact that
the four Punic characters
represent
the
name
of the
city,
Malaca.l
l. ObZLNDBD
in Panic characters. Head of
Vulcan,
to the
left,
with conical
cap;
behind,
the
forceps:
the whole
within a
myrtle garland.
RNo
legend.
Full-faced female
head,
surrounded with
rays.1E5.
R2.
See
Florez,
tab. lvi.
gs. 9, 10,
11. Also,
Museum
lledervarium,
tub. i.
g. 3,
where a
very
incorrect
engraving
is
given;
and
Sestini,
Med.
Ispau.
tab. iii.
g.
2.
(British Museum;
Walter
Hawkins.)
(Plate
V. No.
5.)
2. (Mv.Same
legend.
Head of
Vulcan,
to the
right,
with at
cap ;
behind,
the
forceps.
RNo
legend.
A star of
eight points,
within a
myrtle
garland.]E.6.
R2.
(Walter
Hawkins,
Dr. John
Lee,
Rev.
Henry Christmas.) (Plate
V. No.
6.)

l
Cellarius derives the name from
(salt),
Malaca
having
been a
great
mart for salt
sh, according
to Strubo, Taptxe'iag
'e'xn
ps'ydhag.
It
may
be
observedthat there are
strong grounds
for the derivationfrom
71?
J2
(queen),
since we nd on the coins of Gades
(vide ante, p.32, No.6)
the word
H11);
(lady,
or mistress),
an
epithet
so often bestowed
by
the ancients
upon
their
cities,
of which numerous
examples might
be cited.
44 ANCIENT COINS OF
3. Obv.H351: in Punic characters. Headof
Vulcan,
with conical
cap.
RNo
legend.
A
temple,
with four columns.]15.4. R.2.
(British Museum; ,Walter Hawkins.) (Plate
V. No.
7.)
4. Obv.Headof
Vulcan,
with at
cap.
RNo
legend.
A star of
eight points. 151.15.
R.2.
V. No.
8.)
5. Obv.Sarne
legend.
A Janus-like double
head;
one with a
round,
the other with a
at
cap,
between a branch andthe
forceps.
RNo
legend.
A
large
star of
many rays,
within a
myrtle
garland.551.6.
R.8.
g.
9.
MIROBRIGA.
Now
Capilla.
An
inscription, given by
Gruter,
shews
that it
was a
Municipium.l
Obv.Helmeted
head,
to the left.
RMmosni. An
equestrian gure
with
a buckler.]E.8.
RB.
g.
10.
MUNDA.
NowMonda. Near this
town,
C.
Scipio
defeated the
Carthaginians,
under Hasdrubal
;2
andit
was
subsequently
memorable for the defeat of the
sons
of
Pompey by
Caesar,
an event which securedto him the
possession
of the
empire.
1. Obv.Beardedhead.
RMvNDA. A
sphinx.]E.8.
R.6.
Florez, tom.iii. tab.xliii.
g.
11.
2. Obv.MvN. An ear of
corn;
in the eld, A.
RL. AP. DE....
A sh.}E.5. R.8.
MURGI.
NowAlmeria.
Murgi, according
to
Pliny,
was
situated
at the
extremity
of
Baetica, on the connes of Tarraco
nensis.3 The
following
coin has been cited
by
Florez.
'
MIROBRICENSIVM
Mwicipium, p.257.
2
Liv. xxiv.
3
Murgis
Btetica
nis,
lib-iii.
c. l.
CITIES AND Frances.
45
Obv.Laureatedmale
head, to the
right.
RMvRoi. A horseman
bearing
a
palm,
to the
right.
2E8. R.8.
Florez,
tom.iii. tab. lxiv.
g.
1.
NABRISSA, or
NEBRISA.
Now
Lebrija.
The coin here described
was
originally
published by
Florez,
tom.iii.
p.98,
and
assigned by
that
writer to Nabrissa.
Obv.Bare male
head,
to the
right.
RNA. Abull
standing,
to the
righLIEA.
R.8. Sestini,
Med.
Ispan. p.70,
tab. iii.
g.4.
NEMA.
Site unknown. Nemahas
escaped
the notice of the
ancient
geographers;
but Eckhel cites
a marble,
from
Gruter,
in which it is mentioned.1
Obv.Beardedmale
head,
to the
right; behind, an ear of corn.
RNEMA between a
dolphin
and some other sh]15.5.
R.8. Florez,
tom.iii. tab. lxiv.
g.3.
OBULCO.
NowPorcuna.
Pliny
says
it hadthe
surname of
Pon
tifieal,2
and this
epithet
is found
on a
marble,
cited
by
Gruter,
by
which we also learn that it
was a munici
)vium.3
The coins of this town are
very numerous,
and
many
of them bear the
names
of other
places
and
people,
with whom it
was
in alliance. The
legend
of the coins of

Doct. Num. Vet. vol.i.

p.26,
from Grurer,
p.345.
2 "
Obulco
quod
Ponticense
appellatur,"
lih.iii.
c. l.
Mvuicip. Pou'rlncls. Grutcr,

p.
105,
ando1111o PONTIHCENCIC. ib.
p.458.
46
ANCIENTCOINS 01-
Obulco corrects the
orthography
of
Ptolemy,
who calls it
rOot'ucoha-l
l. Obv.Beardless male
head,
to the
right;
before, a
Celtiberian
character.
ROnvLco. A
horseman,
with
helmet, buckler,
and
lance,
galloping,
to the
right.E.5.
R2.
2. Obv.oBvLco. Female
head,
with beaded
collar,
within a
myrtle garland.
RA
horseman, helmed,
and
bearing
a lance,
within a
myrtle garland.1E6.
R.l.
(British IWuseum.)
(Plate
V. No.
9.)
3. Obv.OBVLCOinscribed on a
tablet, placed
above an
eagle
with
expanded wings.
RAbull
bounding,
to the
right.113.5.
R.1.
4. OlmoBvLc. A
bull, as on No. 7.
RAn
eagle,
with
expanded wings;
above, a crescent.
E5.
5. Obv.Beardless helmedhead.
ROBVLCO. The head of a horse; below,
NILf15.3
R2.
6. Obv.oBvmo. Headofahorse.
RAboar.1E.3. R.l.
7. Ob'v.OBVLCO.
Beardless
head, to the
right.
RAn
eagle,
with
expandedwings.]E5.
R1.
8. Obv.onvLco
(retrograde).
On
a
tablet,
above a bull.
RAn
eagleA5
5. R.1.
(British Zlluseum.)
(Plate
V. No.
10.)
9. Obv.onvLco. An
eagle.
RANsANI SISIREN- A bull.}E.5. R2.
10. Obv.oBvr.. NIC. Headof
Apollo.
RAn ear of
corn,
a
yoke,
and
a
plough.-
E]. R2.
Lib.ii. c.i. 14.

CITIES AND PRINCES.
47
OBULCO AND
ILIPA,
WITH THE
AT'IUBI,
INALLIANCE.
Obv.oBvLco.
Female head
(of
Ceres
?),
to the
right.
i. e. ILIPA,
or ILIPO. i. e.
JE'II'IBOE,
or
ETITBAE,
in
retrograde
Turdulan
characters,
intwo
lines,
between anear of corn
anda
plough1115.10.
R.l.
The
readings
of the
legends
of the reverse of this coinare
given
on the
authority
of M.de
Saulcy,l
who remarks,
that there can be no doubt
of the correctness of the
appropriation
of the rst to
Ilipa,
while the
second records the alliance of a
people
whose
name, adapted
to the
Roman
pronunciation,
is foundin
Pliny
as the Attubi.
OBULCO INALLIANCE WITH HISPALIS.
Obv.oBvLco. Female
head, as on the
preceding
coin.
R/\\H1f\ i.e. ISPL.
in
retrograde
Turdulan
characters,
betweena
plough
andanear of
corn$.10, ll,
12. R.2.
There can be no questionthat,
inthe
legend
of the reverse of this
coin,
we have the letters
composing
the name of the townknownin
history
as
Hispulis,
the Colonia
IIispalis
of the Romans. See the coins
described
hereafter
under Romula.
OBULCO INALLIANCE WITH ORIPPO AND THE ATTUBI
l. Obv.onvLco. Female
head, as on
the
preceding
coins.
RAIAAQLI
i.e.
URAIPA,
and
IETITBOE,
or IETI'IBAE,
in
retrograde
Turdulan
characters, as on the
above,
be
tween a
plough
andan ear of
corn.}E.10,
11 R.2.
2.
Another,
with the
legends
of the reverse
transposed,
URAIPA
being
the lower line.]E.10. R.2.
(W. Hawkins.)
In the Turdulan characters
forming URAIPA,
M. de
Saulcy2
has dis
covered the national name of
Orippo,
the Latin coins of which are
describedhereafter.
'
Essai, p.209.
2
Ib.
p.211.
48 ANCIENT COINS oF
OBULCO 1N ALLIANCE WITH ASTAPA.
Obv.oBvL. NIG.
Male head.
R
A M q) [ 21-
inTurdulan
characters,
direct.1E.4 &5.
R2. See the coins of
Astapa, p.
23.
OBULCO 1N ALLIANCE WITH EDETAAND SETABIS.
I. Obv.oisvLco. Female head.
RTurdulan
legend,
in two
lines,
between an ear of
corn
anda
plough.33.8
& 9. R.3.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
V. No.
11.)
M. de
Saulcy
sees
inthe rst of these
inscriptions
the
equivalents
of
EDT,
andinthe second,
STBGS,
the termination of which in
ass,
is
analogous
to that on the coins of
Velia,
described hereaer. The
attribution receives
something
like conrmation from the circum
stance of the resemblance of these words to the classical names of
towns of the Contestani.
Besides the
foregoing,
there are coins of Obulco of the same
type
andmo
dule, bearing
what
may
be
regarded
as the names of other
towns,
but
the
interpretation
of which has not been so well established. The nu
mismatist is referredto the able Essai of M. de
Saulcy,
for his views
regarding
them. The
following
is
placed
last in the list for obvious
reasons, though
the
type
does not differ from the above.
2. OBVLCO.
Female
head; as on the
preceding
coins.
RL. AIMIL. M. IvNI. AID.
(Lucius Emilius, Marcus
Junius, fEdiles),
intwo lines,
between a
plough
and
an
ear of corn.]E.I0. R.l.
These coins are remarkable on account of the
inscription
in Roman
letters
occupying
the
place
of the usual national character. From
this circumstance, they
are considered to have beenstruck after the
taking
of Numantia. M. de
Saulcy, remarking
on these names of
Roman
magistrates, observes, that the L. Emilius here mentioned
is not
easily
to be
distinguished among
the other
personages
of the
famedlEmilian
family,
but that there was a M. Junius
Brutus,
quwslor
prwincialis
inthe
year
of Rome
552,
andconsul in 557
;
and another
personage
of the same name,
also
qumstor provincialis
inthe
year
595,
to which latter one of the names on these coins
may
be
assigned.

'
Essai,
p.
217.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
49
ONINGISand ONUBA.
Ohingis, according
to
Pliny,
was a town of
Baetica,
de
pendent
on the convention of
Astigi.
M. de
Saulcy
remarks
that if
we write the
legend
of the obverse of the coin here
describedinGreek
characters, we
shall have
Qve'yx,
which,
with
a Greek
termination,
would be
.Qve'yxig
(Onenhis),
a
fact which leaves but little doubt
as to the correctness
of
his
appropriation.l
Obv.Celtiberian
legend, comprising
the letters ONEGK.
Bare
bearded
head,
with short
curls,
to the
right.
RCeltiberian
legend, comprising
the letters oNEBEN.
A
horseman, bare-headed,
galloping
to the
right,
and
holding
a sword in his
right
handAR. C.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
VI. No.
2.)
ONINGIS AND URSO
l. Obv.Celtiberian
legend, comprising
the letters ONEGK.
Bare
beardedhead.
R~Celtiberian
legend,
comprising
the letters ISONES.
A
horseman
gallopingzA
R. C.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
VI. No.
l.)
2. Obv.Same
legend.
RCeltiberian
legend, comprising
the letters
IRSONES.
Same
type.}E.7.
R.l.
There is
a brass coinof smaller
size,
without
legend
on the obverse.
ONUBA.
NowHuelva. We learn from
Pliny,2
andfrom
Ptolemy,3
that Onuba
was attachedto the
juridical
convention of Cor
duba. It
was situated in the
neighbourhood
of
Epora
(Montoro)
and Sacilis
(Alcorruoen).4
'
Essni, p.60.
"'
Lib. iii. c. l.
3
Lib. ii. c.4. 511.
There
was another
Onuba, situatedat the mouth of the river Anus.
H
50 ANCIENT COINS oF
I. Obv.c. AELI. Q. PVBLILI.
Beardless helmeted
head, to the
right.
RoNvBA,
between two ears
of coin53.5. R.4.
(Bri
tish
.Museum.)
(Plate
VI.
No.3.)
type.
2. Obv.1Nc'r. 0oL.
The same
head.
RoNvnA,
between two cars
of corn.]E.5. ll.7.
See also the coins of Onmois.
ORIPPO.l
NowDos Hermanos.
According
to
Pliny, Orippo
was
dependant upon
the
juridical
convention of
Hispalis
(Seville).2
Antoninus marks it
as
in the
neighbourhood
of
Seville,
on
the road from Grades to Corduba. The site
is identied
by
the
discovery
of coins inscribed
ORIIPO.
1. Obv.Beardless
headof
Bacchus(?)before,
a bunch of
grapes.
Romrro.
A bull
lying
down; above, a crescent.
}E.4. R.4.
Another has the bull
walking]15.7.
R.4.
.
2. Obv.Beardless
head.
RAbull, as on No. I. In the
exergue,
orurro.]E.7.
R.4.
3. Obv.Beardless head; before, a
lyre(?)
I?coRlPENsEbetween two
lines; a horned
bull; below, a
crescent.]E.9. R.5.
4. Obv.Head of Bacchus
; before, a
bunch of
grapes.
Rompro. A bull
; above, a crescent.E.4. R.6.
5. Obv.oRIPPO.
Headof the
young
Hercules in the lions skin.
RAsedent
gure, holding
a bullrush.}E.5. 1.1.8.
Mionnet observes that this coin is
erroneously
describedinthe Museum
Hedervarium,
vol. i.
p.
3. No. 50.
(Descr. Supp.
tom. i.
p.
40,
No.
226.)

See a coin of
Obulcol
with
Orippo
in
alliance, describedabove
(p. 47).
2
Lib.iii. c. i.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
51
OSCA.
NowHuesca. M. de
Saulcy assigns
the
coins,
with Cel
tiberian
legends
here
described,
to the Oscamentioned
by
Pliny
as situated
on
the connes of Baetica. There is
another
Osca,
mentioned
by
ancient
authors,
situated in
the
country
of the
lllergetes,
with which these
types,
how
ever,
do not accord.
Obv.Beardless male
head,
to the
right; before,
two crescents.
RA
sphinx,
with the
Phrygiancap
; before, a star.}E.7. RB.
Mionnet
(Supp.
tom.i.
p.40)
is of
opinion
that some of the coins
assigned by
Florez to this Oscahave been
retouched; and Sestini
does not admit them in his
Classes Generales."
OSET, or
OSSET.
Near Romula.
Osset,
quod cognominatur
JuliaCon
stantia. Plin. iii. 1.
l. Obv.Beardless headto the
right
Ross'r.
Bacchus(?) standing
naked,
holding
a bunch of
grapes
inhis
right hand]15.8% 65.
R.l.
(British
Illu
seum.) (Plate
VI. No.
4.)
Others of the sixth size are C.
2. Obv.Beardless diademed
head, to the left.
RosEr.
A nakedmale
gure walking,
to the
left;
hold
ing
in his
right
handa bunch of
grapes,
andin his
left, a
cornucopia113.8.
R.3.
Florez
gives types
somewhat
similar, one of which has the countermark
CON.
probably
for Constantia.
ROMULA
(HISPALIS).
Now Seville.
Originally Hispalis,
but
subsequently
styled
Colonia
Romuleusis,l as
the coins here described
testify.
See
a
coinof
Obulco,
with the name
of
Hispalis
on
the
reverse
(page 47).

Pliny,
lib. iii. c. l.
52
ANCIENT COINS oF
AUGUSTUS.
l.
Obv.PERM.
Avo. Bare headof
Augustus,
to the
right.
R cot. ROM. A
globe, rudder,
and
cornucopia]E4.
R2.
2. Obv.coL.
ROM. PERM. DIVI AVG.
Headof
Augustus,
with
spiked
crown.
RIvLIA
AVGvsTAGENETRIX ORBIS. Head of Julia
(Livia),
to the
left, placed
on a
globe,
and surmounted
by
a crescent. 1E.9. R.3.
(C.
R.
Smith.)

TIBERIUS,
WITHDRUSUSAND GERMANICUS.
Obv.coL.
ROM. PERM. DlVI AVG. Laureated
head,
to the left.
RDnusus cAEsAn GERMANICUS CAESAR.
Bare
heads,
face
to
face,
of Drusus son of
Tiberius,
and Germanicus.
}E.7. R.3.
(Plate
VI. No.
5.)
TIBERIUS AND
JULIA,
WITH DRUSUS.
Obv.Legend
as the
foregoing.
Headof
Tiberius,
to the
right.
RJULIA AVG. DRVSVS CAESAR. Heads of Juliaand
Drusus.113.8. R.5.
TIBERIUS,
WITH NERO AND DRUSUS.
GinaLegend
as
the
foregoing.
Head
as before.
RNEuo cAEsAR DRVSVSCAESAR. Bare heads of Nero and
Drusus,
face to face.]51.6. R.4.
GERMANICUS.
Obv.GERMANICVS cAEsAr. Tl. AVG. F. Bare head of Ger
manicus,
to the left.
RPERM. AVG. COL. noM. A votive buckler within a laurel
garland.}E.5.
R.5.
DRUSILLAAND AUGUSTUS.
0bv.LIvrADRVSlLLAAVGVST.... Head of
Drusilla,
to the
right.
RDIVvs AVGVSTVS PATER. Bare head of
Augustus,
to
the left
(?)]E.l
l
.
ll.3.
Wiczay,
Mus. Hed. tom. i.
p.4.
No.54.
Mionnet,
Supp.
i.
p.
43,
No. 239.
SACILI.
Now Acorrucen.l Sacili
was situated,
according
to
Pliny,2
in the
vicinity
of Corduba.
Ptolemy3
calls it
ZamAtg.
l. Obv.Beardless
head,
to the
right; behind, a
dolphin;
s.
RAhorse
walking,
to the
left; above, a crescent.1E.5.
R.6.
2. Obv.-SACILI. Beardless
head, to the
right.
RA
horse, to the
right; below,
L.]E.7. R.6.
3. Obv.-Bearded
head, to the
right.
RsACILI. A horse
walking,
to the
right;
below, I..-
]E.9. R.6.
4. Obv.sAcILI.
Head of the Indian Bacchus crowned with
ivy,
to the
right.
RAhorse
walking,
to the
right.]E.9.
R.7.
Obv.sAcILl. Head of
Pallas,
to the left.
R'Ahorse
standing,
to the
right;
above,
AL; below, o.
R.8. Sest.
Descrip.
tab.iii.
g.
6.
6. Obv.No
legend.
Laureated bearded
head, to the left.
RsAciLr. A horse at
liberty, galloping,
to the left.
jE.75.
R.8. Ibid. tab.iii.
g.7.
7. Obv.No
legend-
Similar
type.
Rf?
Similar
type.]15.7.
R.6. Ibid. tab.iii.
g.8.
Sestini
(Descrip. p.82)
was the rst to notice the
similarity
of the
types
of the two coins, Nos. 6 and
7;
but be
supposed
the characters onthe
latter to be
Punic,
which
they certainly
are not. That the rst is the
Celtiberian
S,
there can be no doubt;
and M. de
Saulcy (Essai, p. 69)
sees inthe seconda
monogram,
or combination,
of AKL.
CJI
TIBERIUS
Obv.Legende'aced.
Laureated
head,
to the
right.
RsAcILI. Anaked
youthful gure,
the
right
hand
extended,
the left
holding
a
cornucopiae.]E.3.
[ 1.8.
Mionnet,
Supp.
tom.i.
p.44,
PLx. No.3.

'
This seems to be
proved by
the
discovery
of coins on the
site,
inscribed
SACILI.
'*
Lib.iii. c. l.
'
Lib.ii. c. 4,
ll.
54
ANCIENT coINs OF
SALPESA.
Near Facialcazar.
Plinyl
calls it
Alpesa;
but
an
in
scription given by
Muratori,2 as
well
as
the coin here
described,
showthat the correct
reading
is
Salpesa.
Obv.sALPESA. Female
head,
with
long
hair
gathered
behind,
the whole within a
myrtle garland.
RA
temple
with three
columns; bow,
quiver,
and
lyre;
below,asword.}E.S. R.8. Florez,
tom.ii.
p.570,
tab.xlii.
No.7.
SEARO.
Site unknown. The Siarum of
Pliny, according
to
Sestini,3
who
quotes
an
inscription
from
Morales,
in which
it is
styled
a
Municipium,
and another in which
Ordo
Siarensium
occurs.
1. Obv.Helmed beardless
head, to the
right,
within a
myrtle
garland.
Rsshno between two ears
of corn.}E.9. R.6.
This is
supposed, by Sestini, to be a modern fabrication.
2. Obv.Bare male
head, to the
right.
RAsimilar
legend
and
type.Eb.
R.6.
3. ObsBare male
head,
to the
right;
before, s.
RSimilar
legend
and
type.113.68:
7. R.6.
(British
Museum.) (Plate
VI.
No.6.)
4. Olw.Head, to the
right,
covered with the lions skin.
RSimilar
legend
and
type.]E.6.
R.6. See
Florez,
tabs. xlii. & lxv.
SEX.
NowAlmunecar. Sex
was
situated between Malaca
and
Abdera, on the shores of the Mediterranean sea.

'
Lib.iii.c. l.
2
Tom.ii.fol.llO7,No.7.
'
Med.
Ispan. p.86.
CITIES AND IRINCES-
55
Strabo, Mela,
and
Ptolemy,
call it
Ex;
Pliny,
Sexti.l
It
appears
to have been founded
by
the
Carthaginians.2
The coins here described
were
assigned by
Florez to
Gades,
doubtless from the
similarity
of
type. They
have
since been
attributed,
by
Sestini3 and
others,
to Canaca.
Mionnet4 also confounds them with Gades
;
but
they
have
been restored
by
the Rev. J. C.
Lindberg
to Sex. The
latter
published, twenty years ago,
a
tract,5
in
which,
with
much
learning
and
sagacity,
he maintained that these
coins
belonged
to
Sex, a
restitution
which, as
he informs
me,
has been conrmed
by
the
discovery
of
a
coin in the
French
cabinet,
with the
same
type,
but
having
the in
scription
in Latin
characters,
F. I.
sax,
i.e. Firmium Julium
Sex. I
regret
to
say
that I have failed to obtain
a cast of
this
interesting
coin.
l. Obv.Headof
Hercules,
to the
left,
with club andlion's skin
RYDY
i.e.
Sex,
in Punic characters.6 The
prow
of
a
vessel.}E.7. R.2.
Lindberg,
No.5.
2. (MuBare beardless
head, to the
right.
RSame
legend,
between two
fishes,
to the
righL}EJ.
R2. lb. No.4.
1
Lib.iii.c.1.
2
See Straho, lib.iii. The best evidence of this is the invariable use of the
character X onthe coins of
Sex, while it is never foundonthose of
Gades,
a
city
of
'lyrian origin,
the
money
of which has the character 7, while the
X is known to be the
African, and not the Asiatic, form of the See
Lindberg
de Num. Punic.
p.39.
3
Med.
Ispan. p.
36,
&tab.ii.
g
11.
Descrip.
tom.i.
p.11.
5
Commentatio de Numis Punicis Sextorum, olim Canacm et Concanae
tributis. Havniae. 8vo. 1824.
6
Mr.
Lindberg
observes,
that M. de
Saulcy
reads this
legend wjw, but
that the learned
palaeographist
has not
suiciently
noticed the distinction
between
K
and
w. 2/,
which is so often foundon the coins of
Africa,
is
never writtenlike
II.
56 ANCIENT COINS OF
3. Obv.Headof
Hercules,
to the
left,
with club andlion's skin.
RYJY
5mm i.e.
by
the
people of
Sex,
in Punic
characters,
on a
tablet between two
shes,
to the
left; above, a star;
below, a
pellet
and
crescent.]15.65.
C.
(British
Mu
seum;
Walter
Hawkins.) (Plate
VI.
No.7.)
4. Obv.Helmedhead,
to the
right.
RLegend
as
No. 1. A sh, to the
right.]E4.
R.6.
VI. No.
8.)
5. Obv.Headof
Hercules,
to the
left,
with club and lion's skin.
RYJY
517173 in Punic characters. Two
shes,
to the
right;
between
them, a star of
eight points,
anda crescent
and
pellet.]15.8.
R.2.
Lindberg,
No.3.
SISAPO.
NowGuadalcanal. Mentioned
by
Strabo1 as
celebrated
for its silver mines.
l. Obv.Beardless male
head,
to the
right.
R-srsAPo. R.4. An unknown animal./E.7.
Oba.Helmedbeardless
head,
to the left.
A bull
standing,
to the left.}E.7.
Obv.Helmed
head, as on No.
l,
but the helmet without a
crest.
RDETVMOSISIP
BcDETVMN.
$1511.
A bull
standing,
to the
right[ E.7.
Rude head
(of
Pan
P),
to the
right.
An ox
standing,
to the left.}E.5.
Obv.srs11= o.
RDETA.
SISIPO.
There are coins,
with Celtiherian
characters,
givenby
Sestini
(Med. Isp.
tab.iii.
gs. 12, I3, 14,) to
Sisapo,
and read
by
him
SiSiPoDuM,
but
there is not the
slightest foundation for such an
appropriation.
See
De
Saulcy, Essai,
p.
127.
'
Lib. iii.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
57
TARTESSUS
(a)
The coin here described is
given by
Florez,
tom.iii.
tab. lxvi. No.
1.,
but it is not authenticated.
OImBare male
head,
to the
right
RTARTES. Anear
of corn anda
sh.]E.7. R.8.
TRADUCTA.
Now
Algesiras.
There
were two towns of this
name;
one
inMauritania
(previously Tingis),
the other in
Baetica,
to the west of Carteia.l T
o
the latter the coins here
described
belong.
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.PERM. CAES. AVG.
Bare headof
Augustus,
to the
left;
below,
D. n. in countermark.
RIVLIATRAD.
in two lines,
within an
oaken
garland.
}E.7. RA.
2. Obv.PERM. CAES. AVG.
Bare headof
Augustus,
to the left.
RIVLIA TRAD.
The
apex
and
praefericulum}E.4.
(British llluseum.) (Plate
Vl. No.
10.)
3. ObU-PER- 0AE. AVG. Bare
head, to the left.
RIVLIATRAD. The
patera, aspergillum, prafericulum,
and
lituus.}E.3-2z-.
RA.
AUGUSTUS,
WITH CAIUS AND LUCIUS CESAR.
ObUwPERM. CAES. AVG. Bare headof
Augustus,
to the left.
Rc. L. CAES. IVL. TRAD.
Bare
heads,
back to
back,
of
Caius and Lucius Caesar.]E.9. R.4.
type.

'
Strabo, lib.iii.;
Plin. Hist. Nat. lib.v. c.1.
I
58 ANCIENT cows 011
CAIUS CIESAR.
Obv.c. CAES. F.
Bare head of
Caius; before, capricorn,
in
countermark.
RIvL. TRA. Abunch of
grapes.ZE.4.
R3.
LUCIUS CESAR.
Obv.L.
CAES. Bare headof Lucius.
RIVL. TRAD. An ear of corn.1E.4. R.3.
(Plate
VI. No.
9.)
TUCCI.
NowMartos. The coin here described is
given by
Goltzius,
and is not known to modern numismatist's.
Obv.Male head
RTvccl betweenan ear of
corn andan olive branch1E.7.
R.8.
VENTIPPO.
NowCasariche.
Ventippo
is not mentioned
by
the
ancient
geographers;
but Florez cites
a marble with
EQVITIVS VENTIPONENSIS and
EQVlTlAVENTIPONENSIA. It
was
probably
situated in the
vicinity
of
Hispalis.1
'
Obv.Beardless helmed
head, to the
right.
RVENTIPPO. A helmed
gure, standing, wearing
a short
sagum, holding
in his
right
hand
a sta'
terminating
in a
kindof trident.}13.9. R.3.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
VII.
No.1.)

'
Eckhel, D- N.V. vol i.
p.32.
cr'rrss AND PRINCES. 59
UGIA.
NowLas Cabezas. The coin here
described,
engraved
by
Florez,
is not authenticated.
Obv.Headof
Vulcan,
to the
right;
behind,
the
forceps.
RVGIA. Above a
camel,
to the
right.}E.5. Florez,
tab lxvi. No.6.
ULIA.1
Now
Montemayor,
near Cordova.
(Mv.Female headwith bearded
collar,
placed
above a
crescent;
before, a branch.
RVLIAin a
compartment,
betweentwo branches.33.7 & 8.
R.3.
(British Illuseum.) (Plate.
VII. No.
2.)
There are several varieties of this
type, ranging
from the 6th to the 10th
size- See
Florez,
tab. xlix.
gs. 1, 2, 3,4,
5.
URCI, or
URKE.
Now
Baria, but,
according
to Hardouin,
Almacaren.
These coins
are
assigned by
M. de
Saulcy
to the Urci of
Pliny
andthe
Ovpm']
of
Ptolemy,2
who
says
it was
situated
in the
country
of the
Bastitani, near
Baria.
They
are
ascribed to Urcesa
by
Sestini,3
but their
legends
alone
negative
such
an
appropriation.
Obv.Bare male
head, to the
right;
before, a star; behind, an
axe.
RCeltiberian
legend, comprising
the letters VRKEKN.
A
horseman with a
long
lance,
galloping,
to the
right.
]E.7. R.3.
Sestini,
tab. ix.
g.
18.
The
size varies;
andsome have the
accessory type
of the
dolphin.
See
De
Saulcy, Essai,
p.
I46. .

The coinof UliaandUrso in alliance, given by Florez,

tab.lxvi.
No.7,
is
suspected.
2
Essai,
p.
147.
3
Descriz.
p.212.
60 ANCIENT COINS 0F
URSO.
NowOsuna. The Urson of
Strabo,l
the
Opo'wva
0f
Appian,2
andthe Urso of
Pliny.3
l.
Olw.Q. REDECAL.
Beardless male headto the
right.
RvRsoNE. A
sphiux,
to the
left;
inthe
eld,
two stars.
]E.7. R.3. Florez,
tab.l. No.2.
2. Obv.Male beardless head,
to the
right.
RA
sphinx,
to the
right;
before, a
star.]E.8. R.l.
There are several varieties of these
types.
3. Obv.vRsoNE.
Youthful
head,
with
diadern,
to the
right.
BcL. AP. DEc.
Q.
between two lines; above,
a
Sphinx.
]E.10. R2.
4. Obv.VRsoNE.
Beardless laureated
head,
to the
right.
RL. AP. DEc. Q.
A
sphinx wearing
the
apex,
walking,
to the
right;
inthe eld D. andtwo unknown characters.
]E.8. R2. Florez,
tab.l. No.3.
5. Olw.VRCUNE
(sic).
Bare beardless
head, to the
right.
R
. . . .
DEC. . . . . Sphinx wearing
the
apex,
to the
right.
fEB.
(J.
Y.
Alterman.)
URSO INALLIANCE WITH ASTAPA.
s
Obv.L. AP. mac. Q.
Male head.
lkvRsonE. A
sphinx;
in the
exergue,
AsTPE,
in Turditan
characters.}E.9. R.3. See
p.23.
AUGUSTUS.
Ob'ILVRSONE. Bare head of
Augustus,
to the
right.
RAbear
standing
on its hind
paws,
and
holding
in its fore
paws
a
garland
anda
palm
branch1E7. RB.
Florez,
tab. 1. No. l.
Lib.iii.
Bel.
Hisp.
Lib.iii.c.l.
TARRACONENSIS.
ACCI.
NowGaudix el
Viejo.
Acci
was a
Roman
colony,
as
we
learn from
Pliny,1
and also from
an
inscription given
by
Gruter, as
well
as
from the coins here
described,
which
bear the
epithet
GEMELLA.
l.
-
Obl).Tl. CIESAR DIVI. AVG. F- AVGVSTVS.
Obv.Avovs'rvs DIVI. F. Bare, or laureated,
headof Au
gustus.
RcoL. GEM. ACCI. LEG. V1.
The Roman
eagle
between
two standards.$.10. R3.
The sixth
legion only
is named on this
coin,
but on that of
Tiberius,
No.
2,
the thirdoccurs.
(See
the remarks onNo. 3,
p. 12.)
To this
sixth
legion
Galbaowedhis accessionto the
empire.
There are
many
varieties of these coins.
Olw.AVovs'rvs
DIVI. F.
the
right.
Rc. r. o. ACCI.
Laureated head of
Augustus,
to
The
apex
and
simpulum.1E.6.
R2.
There are also varieties of this
type.
TIBERIUS.
Laureatedhead
of
RcoL. IUL. GEM.
AccIfm two
lines,
within an
oaken
garland.}E.10.
R.3.
.
Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
Rc. 1. G. ACCI. L. Ill.
Two Roman
eagles
between two
standards.1E8. [ 1.3.
(Brit. Mus.) (Plate
VII.
No.3.)
There
are varieties, some of which have the
apex,
litnusI
and
simpulum
onreverse.
Obv.No
legend.
IQco. ACCI. GEMELLATI. CAESAR.
' R33.
Laureatedheadof Tiberius.
The
apex.]E.5.

ExcoloniaAccitani Gemellenses,
lib.iii. c. l.
2
Tacit. Hist. lib.v. c. 16.
62 ANCIENT COINS oF
TIBERIUS WITH GERMANICUS AND DRUSUS CESARS.
Obv.TI. CAESAR AVGVSTI F. Bare head of
Tiberius, to the
right;
before, CA.
in countermark.
RoERMANICo ETmwso CAES. 1I viR. c. I. o.A.]E.10.
R.5.
type.
ANA, or DNA.
Pliny
mentions,
among
the
people comprised
in the
convention of
Tarraco,
the
Onenses,l
whose
capital
M. de
Saulcy
supposes
to have been not far from
Emporiae,
since
the
types
here
given
resemble those of the
Greeks;
and
the
fabric, though
rude,
is not of Celtiberian
character, a
fact which is unfavourable to the
supposition
that ANEKESKEN
signies
the
people
of
Aniecuia,
mentioned
by Ptolemy.2
l. ObvtHelmedbeardless head.
R
/|\|J\.P(luv
A
pegasus;
before, a
palm
branch.
IEJO. R.I.
2.
OZmXQQAbM
Helmed beardless head.
RLegend
as No. l. The
pegasus,
and the letters
"NM NM
}E.7. R.1.
3.
ObaHX
Helmed
beagdless
head.
RLegend
as No. 1.
Pegasus.]13.10.
R.l.
4.
Obv.|;| (or
without
legend). Helmed
beardless head.
litLegend
as No. I.
Pegasus;3
in the
exergue,
a cadu
ceus.213.7. R.3.
(British Museum.) (PlateVII.
No.4.)

'
Lib.iii.c.3. It will be seen
by
the
alphabets,
that the rst letter in
these
legends
has,
according
to M. de
Saulcy,
an
open
sound, resembling
O.
2
Essai, p.100.
3
It
appears by
the
engraving
of this and the
following coin,
that on
the headof the
pegasus
is a small
winged genius,
a
peculiarity
which has
apparently escaped
the observation of M. de
Saulcy.
This most
singular
disposition
of the small
gure
is imitatedfrom the coins of
Emporiae,
to be
noticedhereafter.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
63
5. Obv.Helrnedbeardless head.
RLegend
as No. l.
Pegasus;
above, a
winged genius;
before, a
prow(?)1E.7.
R.6.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
VII. No.
5.) ,
6. Obv.'Helmed beardless head.
'
RLegend
as No. l. A lion.]E.7. R.2.
7.
Obv.Legend
as No. l. Helmed beardless head.
R_|;X4. IIXq
Alion.1E.7. R2.
8.
Ob'lLj . VXQAl,
Helmedbeardless head.
RXQF'
andthe
legend
of No. l. Alion.]E.7. R2.
9. Obv.Helmedbeardless head.
R-Legend
as No.1. A
lion;
in the eld a
garland.
}E.4. R2.
10.
Obv.I;
Helmedbeardless head.
RLegend
as No. 1.
Type
as No. 8.R.2.
ll.
Obv.Legend
as No. l. Helmedbeardless head.
ROQQQ
and
/I\V7
A bull.}E.7. R2.
12.
(M1aLegend
as
No.1. Helmedbeardless head.
R_|;sq9q
A sea-horse.]E.4. R.2.
AREVACI.
M. de
Saulcy
is of
opinion
that the coins here described
were struck
by
the
Arevaci,
and that the word
AREBA,
on
the
obverse,
designates
the river
which,
according
to
Pliny,
gave
the
name to this
people.1
The
accessory type
of the
dolphin
is in favour of this
supposition.
M. de
Saulcy
observes,
that the
country
of the Arevaci
was
in the
neigh
bourhood of
,Segobriga,
which
may
account for the simi
larity
of the
type.2
The words which
occur on the
reverse are not so
easy
of
interpretation,
but M. de
Saulcy
hazards the
conjecture,
that
they
may
refer
to the
people
of T
ucris, or
Tugia,
andto the Cantabri.3

Arevucis nomen dedit uvius

Areva,
lib. iii. c. 3.
2
Essai, p.42.
3
Ibid.
p.189.
64 ANCIENT COINS oF
1. Obv.ABBA,
in Celtiberian characters. Bare head.
RGNTRBL(?)
Horseman, bearing
a
long
lance.AR.
den. (Plate
VII.
No.7.)
2.
Obv.ARBA, or ARBGE,
in Celtiberiancharacters. Bare
head;
a sh.
RoN'rVGE
(?)
Horseman, bearing
a
lance.}E.6. R.l.
ARVA.
NowAlcoleadel
Rey.
Sestini
(Med. Ispan.
p.
25)
questions
the
authenticity
of the coins here
described;
but
M. Hennin admits them in his Nomenclature
(Manuel,
p.38).
1. Obv.Bare
youthful
head, to the
right;
behind, a sh;
before, a star.
RARVA. An
a
lance,
to the
right.EB.
R.5.
2. Obv.s. KVF. Bare male
head,
to the
right.
R-M. ARVEN.
An
equestriangure.53.6.
R.5.
3. GinaBare male headbetween three
dolphins.
RARVA. An
equestrian gure galloping,
to the
right,
holding
a
palm
branch.53.6. R.5.
See Florez, tab. iv.
g.3,
andtab. lix-
gs.
8 and9.
ARTEMISIUM.
NowValoni. A town in the
territory
of the
Edetani,
on
the coast between the mouth of the Sucron and the
Dianium Promontorium.l
Obv.A
dolphin,
to the
right.
RAPT. on a tablet; above, a branch1E]. R.3.

Miillcr and
Bishotf;
Wiirterbuch des
Geograph.
v. Artemisium.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
65
ZESONAand ORGIA.
SestiniI attributes coins to
]Esona,
in T
arraconensis,
and M. Hennin2 also
gives
them to that
province;
but, on
the
authority
of M. de
Saulcy,3 they
are
restoredto
Oningis
and Urso. See
page
49,
Nos. 2 and
3,
and P1. VI. No. l.
ARZESESTIANJE.
Now
Capo
T
uringas.
The
appropriation
of the coins
here described to the Arae Sestianae of
Pliny
and Mela-5
may
be
questioned.
Their fabric
appears
to be Baetican.
Obv.Head of
Hercules,
covered with the lions
skin,
to the
left,
with the club on the shoulder.
BbARSES.
Cupid riding
on a
dolphin,
to the left.[ E.(5.
R.4.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab.iii.
g.
15.
AUGUSTUS.
Obv.-AVGVST. Headof
Augustus,
laureated.
RAR. sEsT.
Cupid riding
on a
dolphimZEJ.
1L8.
Sestini,
from the
Royal
Cabinet of Madrid.
ASTURICA.
Now
Astorga.
The
following
coin is described
by
Vail
lant;6 but,
if
authentic,
it is
by
no means certain that it
belongs
to Asturica. The letters
AST.
may
indicate
Asta,
Astapa,
or
Astigi.
Obv.AVovs'rvs DIV]. F- Bare head of
Augustus.
RcoL. AsT. AVGVSTA. A
priest guiding
two oxen
yoked
to a
plough.}E6.
AUSA.
NowVic dOsona. Ausa
was one of the towns of the
Ausetani, a
people inhabiting
the northeast of
Spain,
the

'
Classes
Gnrales, p.11;
andDescriz.
p.
100.

Manuel de
Numismatique, p.44-
3
Essai,
p.
62.
Tres arae Sestianae

Augusto
dicata, lib.iv. c.20.
"
Lib.iii.
6
Num. in Co1.
percussa, tom.i.p.
14.
K
66 ANCIENT COINS OF
Pyrenees being
their northern
boundary. They
were
the
neighbours
of the
lllergetes,
with whom the
types
of their
coins accord.
Obv.Bare male
head,
to the
right.
RCeltiberian
legend, comprising
the letters EosE.
A
horseman
galloping.
to the
right,
and
bearing
a
palm
branch.
}E.6.
R.l.
(British lVIuseum.) (Plate
VII.
No.6.)
BASCONTES.
M. de
Saulcyl assigns
the coins here described to the
Vascones,
who inhabited the district of
Guipuscoa,
in the
province
now
known
as Navarre}
and observes that there
is
a
striking
resemblance in the word BASESKEN and the
modern
name
of the
Basque
Provinces,
of which
Guipuscoa
formeda
part.
l. Obv.IN. Male beardless
head, to the
right.
RBAsEsKN3 inCeltiberiancharacters. A
horseman, hear
ing
a
palm
branch on his
shoulder,
galloping
to the
right.AR.
denarius. R1.
(British Museum;
Major
Shepherd.) (Plate
VIII. No.
1.)
2. ObvtBare male
head,
to the
right ; behind, a
hog.
RLegend
as on No.1. Similar
type.}E.9
&
6%.
R.2.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab.ix.
gs.
9 & 10.
BEDESA.
Sestini fancied that the
name
of Bedesa
occurs on
the
coins of
Rhoda,4
but there is
no
authority
for his
appro
priation.
BELEIA, or
BELITA.
The coin
given by
Sestini5 to this town has
been,
with
great apparent reason, assignedby
De
Saulcy
to Bilbao
'
Essai,
p.
121.
2
Plin. Hist. Nat. lib-iii.
c-3;
PtOl. lib. ii.(..
6,
66.
3
See Introduction.
p.
5.
Med.
Ispan.
183.
5
Med.
Ispan.
105.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
67
BERSICAL.
There is
no
authority
for Sestinis
appropriation
to this
townof the coins
engravedby
him in his fourth
plate,
Nos.
5, 6,
7. Their
type
of
a
hull with a
human head
appears
to have been imitatedfrom that of the
money
of
Campania.
M. de
Saulcy justly
remarks that these
pieces
are
in
execu
tion
very
superior
to the
ordinary
Celtiberian
money,
and
that
they
appear
to have been struck under the influence
of Greek civilisation. The
legends
have been discussed
by
him with his usual
acuteness,
but not with
a result suffici
ently\ satisfactory
to x their
appropriation
with
certainty.l
BILBAO.
It is
quite
certain that Sestinis attribution of the coin
here describedto Beleiais not
admissible,2
andthe learned
author of the Essai is inclined to see
in the letters
BLBANthe name of
a town on
the northern coast of
Spain,
founded in the fourteenth
century
near
the ruins of the
Roman
Flaviobrica,
which is
clearly
a
Latin
name,
while
Bilbao is of Iberian derivation.3
Obv.Bare
head,
in the midst of three sh.
RBLBAN,
in Celtiberian characters. A helmed horseman
bearing
a
palm.}E.7.
R2.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
VII. No.
8.)
BILBILIS.
The
capital
of the
Celtiberi, now
Calatayud.
It
was a
Municipium
as
its
numerous
coins
testify,
and was
cele
brated
for its
waters,
which were
supposed
to
possess
the
quality
of
imparting
an
excellent
temper
to steel.
Obv.Beardless male
head,
to the
right;
behind P
(or M).
R.BLBLIs,
in Celtiberian characters. A horseman
bearing
a lance,
and
galloping
to the
right.[ E.7.
R.I.
(British
Museum). (Plate
VIII. No.
2.)
Videbis altum Liciniane
Bilbilim,
Equis
et armis nobilem.Mart.
Epig.
50. Lib. i.

'
Essai,
p.
109.
2
Med.
Ispan. p.
105.
3
Essai,
p.
140.
68 ANCIENT COINS oF
BILBILIS AND ITALICA1N ALLIANCE.
Obv.BILBILI. Beardless male head.
RITALICA. A horseman
bearing
a lance,
galloping
to the
right.]15.7.
R2.
AUGUSTUS.
l.
ObU.AVGVSTVS, (on AVGVSTVS DIVI-
F.)
Bare head of
Augustus,
to the
right.
RBiLmLls. A horseman
bearing
a lance,
and
galloping
to
the
right.Hi8}
R.2.
(British .Museum.)
\
(Plate
VIII.
No.3.)
2. Obv.AVovs'rvs DIVI. F. PATER PATRIAE.
Laureated
head of
Augustus,
to the
right.
RBiLBiLIs. The same
type.1-E.7.
1L3.
3. Obv.Same
legend
and head.
RLR-
AVGvsTA BILBlLlS L. con. CALIDO L. sEMP.
By'rlto. An oaken
garland
with iivm in the centre.
]E.8. R.1.
4. Obv.Same
legend
and head.
RA
similar
legend,
but abbreviated. A thunderbolt; in the
eld [ Twit]55. as.
type.
5. Obv.Same
legend
and head.
RMv. AVGvsTA
_BlLBlLIS
L- con. cALino. L. SEMI.
RVTILO;
and IIVIR within an oaken
garland.
}E.8. R.l.
type.
TIBERIUS.
I. Obv.TI.
CAESAR DIVI. AVGVSTI F. AVGVSTVS. Laureated
head,
to the
right.
RMV.
AVGVSTABILBILIS1'1. CAESAREv. L. AELIO. SEIANO.
In the middle of the
eld, cos. within an oaken
garland.
-}E.8. R.l.
2. Obv.Same
legend
and
type.
RMv. AVGVSTABILBILIS c. POM. CAPE. c. VAL.
TRANQ.
Inthe middle of an oaken
garland,
vim115.8. R.l.
CALIGULA.
Obv.c. CAESAR AVG. GERMANICVS 1MP. Laureated
head,
to
the
right.
RMv.
AVG. BILBIL. c. cons. namc. M. HELv. FRoNT.
In
the
centre of a laurel
garland,
IlVIlL}EB. R.3.
See
Florez, tab. v.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
69
BRACARA.
The modern
Braga.
Bracara, or Braecara,
according
to
Ptolemy,l
was
the
capital
of the Braacarii. The three last
letters
on
the coins here described
are
supposed by
M. de
Saulcy2
to indicate some town in alliance with Bracara.
l. Obv.Bare male
head, to the
right; behind, o.
RBREGR. BKS. in two lines,
in Celtiberiancharacters. A
horseman
galloping,
to the
right, bearing
a lance. AR.
denarius.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. ix.
gs.
I5,
16.
(Major
Shepherd;
British
.Museum.)
2. Obv.Bare male headbetween two sh.
IkBREGRBKS,
in Celtiberian characters. Similar
type.
]E.6. R.l.
Sestini,
tab.ix.g.l7.
BURSABA.
Pliny
informs
us,
that
among
the
people comprised
in
the convention of
Saragossa
were
the
Bursaonenses,
and
a
fragment
of
Livy,
cited
by
Sestini,
contains the
name
of
Bursaba;
while
Ptolemy
mentions two different towns
under the
names
of
Bovpaasa
and
BapvaBa,
the former in
the
country
of the
Celtiberi,
the other in that of the
Edetani. M. de
Saulcy
admits the
difficulty
of
appro
priating
these
coins,
but is
disposed
to
assign
them to
Bursadaof the Celtiberi.3
Obv.Amale
head
with short beard and
crisp
curls; before, a
dolphin;
behind, a
plough.
RBnsBEs in Celtiberian characters. A
horseman,
holding
in his
right
hand
a
javelin(?), shaped
like a Celtiberian
1
AR. denarius. R. l.
(Brit. Mus.) (Plate
VIII. No.
4.)
BERSA, or PERSA.
The coins inscribed with the Celtiberian characters
equivalent
to BRSE are
discussed
by
M. de
Saulcy
with

'
Lib. ii.
cap.
6, 523.
'
Essai,
p.54.
Essai, p.74.
70
ANCIENT corNs or
much
sagacity,l
but without
any
positive
result.2 This
legend
is found
on
the
reverse
of
some
of the
money.
of
Saguntum,
and
may,
as
M. de
Saulcy suggests,
be the
national name
of that
city,
or it
may
be the Barcinon of
Pliny
and
Ptolemy.
This
legend
was
supposed by
Sestini
to
signify
Perseiana, a
colony
settledat
Saguntum
l
Obv.Bare beardless
head,
to the
right;
behind, a caduceus.
RCeltiberian
legend, comprising
the letters
BRSE,
or PRSE.
A helmed horseman
hearing
a
long
lance,
galloping,
to
the
right;
in the
eld, a star of ve
points.Ad.7.
C.
(C.
R.
Smith;
British
Museum.)
CAESARAUGUSTA.
Now
Zaragoza.
Its
original
name was Salduba. At
the close of the war
with the
Cantabri, Augustus
founded
here a
Roman
colony,
and it received its
newname
in
honour of the
emperor.
The coins
having
0. A.
within
a
laurel
garland, given by
Florez to
Caesaraugusta, belong
to CaesareaPanias,
in Trachonitis.
AUGUSTUS
(See Florez,
tabs.viii.ix.x.xi.)
l. Obv.AVGVSTVS mvr. F. Laureated head of
Augustus,
to
the left.
RTrn. cLoD. FLAVO. PRAEF. GERMAN. L.
IVVEri'r
LVPERCOnIVIR. Abull
standing1113.8.
R.3.
(Fa
mily Juventia.)
Other coins of a similar
description
are
given by
Florez.
2. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
RTIB. .76o. FREE. GERMXN.
L.
lVVEIG
LVPERCO;
and in the eld of the
coin, c. CA.
HER. in two lines.
[ 13.5. R.1.

Essai, p.75--79.
2
He notices also the
singular
coincidence of the citadel of
Carthage being
namedBirsa.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
p
11
3. Obv.AVovsTvs DIVI. F- cos. XI. DES. x11. TR. P. XIX.
Laureatedhead of
Augustus,
to the left.
Rc. ALLIARIO T. VERRIO
I_IVIR
CAESARAVGVSTA.
A
gure holding
a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.
}E8.
R.2.
(Family Verrz'a.)
4. ()bv.AvovsTvs DlVI. F. Laureated headof
Augustus,
to
the left.
RcN. DOM.
A5.
c. VET. LANG. CAESARAVGVSTA.
The vexillum
placed
on a
pedestal;
in the
eld, IIVlR.-
]E.5. R.l.
(Family
Domitia.)
5. Obv.Same
legend.
Head, to the
right.
RoAEsAR AVGVSTAc. AL.SANO. T. SERVIO
IIVIR. A
gure guiding
a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.]E.8. R.2.

6. Obv.AVGvsTvs DIVI. F. Laureated head of
Augustus,
to
the
right,
between the
simpulum
andthe lituus.

RcAEsAnAVG.
(or, CAESARAVGVSTA)
MAN.
Kmio.
ITER. L. TITIO.
I_[ VIR.
Figure guiding
a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.-}E.8. R.1.
7. O!w.c. CAESAR AVGVST. Laureated head of
Augustus,
to
the
right.
R-MAN. KANI. ITER. L. TITIO.
cAasARAVGvsT. The
labarum
placed
on a
cippus;
in the
eld,
I_ivIR.!E.5.
R.2.
8. ObuAyovs. Bare head of
Augustus,
to the
right.

RMAN. KAN. ET. L. TITIO.
IIVIR,
inthree
lines, within
a
laurel
garland.}E3.
R.2.
9. Obv.AVGvsTvs DlVI. F. Laureated head of
Augustus,
to
the
right.
RL. CASSIOc. vAL. FEN.
nVIR,
inthree
lines,
within
an
oaken
garland.1E8.
R.2.
There are varieties, some of which have the vexillum
placed on a
pedestal.
10. Obv.AVGvsTvs mvr. F. Bare
(or, laureated)
head of
Augustus,
to the
right.
RQ.
LTITTAT.
M.
F51.
(or, FIEIO.)
ITVIR
CAESAR
AVGvsTA.
Priest
guiding
two oxen
yoked
to a
plough-
]E.8. R.l.
7'2
ANCIENT COINS 0F
Another has the
legend
C. SABINO. P. VARO IlVlR CAESAR
AVGVSTA.
11. Obv.Same
legend.
Laureated
head,
to the
right.
RQ. MAXIMO.
I'ITER.
c.
VALENTINO
IlVIR CAESAR
AVGVSTA. Same
type
}E.8. R.l.
l2. Obv.IMP. DIVI. F. Laureated
head; before,
the lituns.
RSame
legend
and
type.]E.8.
R.l.
13. Obv.AvGvsTvs Drvi. F. Laureated
head, to the
right.
RcQ. STATIO. M. FABRICIO lIVIR CAESARAVGVSTA.
Same
type.-}E.8.
11.1.
14. Obv.mvvs AVGVSTVS PATER. Head of
Augustus
with
spiked crown,
to the left.
RTlTvLo ETMONTANOIIVIR. A
winged
thunderbolt;
in the
eld, C.
cA../E.10.
Another has scIPIONEinsteadof TlTvLo.}E.l l. R.l.
15. Obv.Avovs'rvs DIVI. F. cos. x1. DES xrI. PON. MAX.
Laureatedhead of
Augustus,
to the left.
RcAEsARAVGvs'rA c. ALLIAR. T. VEnaro. IIVIR.
Figure guiding
two oxen
yoked
to a
plough]13.8.
C.
Another has L. CASSIOc. VALER. FEN. IIVIR.
16. Obv.AVGvsTvs mv. F. Laureatedhead.
RLegend
as
No. 15. The vexillum
placed
on a
pedestal.
1E.5. R.1.
17. Obv.I.\1P.
AVGVSTVS TRIB. POTES. xx. Laureated head.
RcAEsARAVGvsTA. CN. DOM. AMP. C. VET. LANc. IIVIR.
Type
as No. 15.rE.8. C.
'
18. Obv.Avovsro
mvi. F. Three standards between the
words
LEG. 1v. LEG. VI. LEG. x.
RTIB.
FLAVO PRAEF. GERM. L. IVVENT. LVPERCO
nvm 0. CA.
Type
as No.15.]E.10. R.2.
19. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
RcAEsAR
AVGVSTA M. PORCI. CN. FAD. IIVIR.
A
standard.}E5.
R.l.
20.
Obv.IMP. AVGVSTVS XIv. Laureated
head,
to the
left;
before,
the lituus andthe
simpulum.
RoAEsAaAVGvsTAM. PORCI. CN. FAD. IIVIR.
Typo
as No. 15.}1-3-8. 11.2.
LlvlA.
I. Obv.PIETATrs AVGVSTAEc. CA.
Veiledanddiademedhead
of
Livia, to the
right.
RIvNIAN0 LVPO. PR. C. CAESAR c. POMPON. PARRA.
IIVlR. A
tetrastyle temple.1E8.
R.3.
(Family,
Pomponia.)
2. OblhPIETATIS
AVGVSTAE.
Same head.
RSame
legend,
andin the eld of the coin
c. CA.E.8.
R.4.
AGRIPPA.
Obv.M. AGRIPPAL. F. cos. III. Head of
Agrippa
with the
rostral crown.
RTr'rvLLo
(or, SCIPIONE)
ET MONTANO IIVIR. 0. CA.
Type
as that of
Augustus,
No. l5.fE.8. R.6.
CAIUS AND LUCIUS C}ESARS.
l. (NivaAVG. c. CAES. cos. DESIG. L. CAES. cos. DES. Au~
gustus holding
the
simpulum, standing
between the
gures
of the
Caesars,
each in the
toga,
and
standing
ona
cippus.
RcAEsARAVGvsTACN. DOM. AMP. c. VET. LANc. IIVm.
The vexillum between two standards.]E.9. MorelI.
2. Obv.1MP. AVG. L. CAESAR c. CAES. cos. DES.
A similar
type.
R-cN. DOM. AMPIAN. c. VET. LANcIA. rIVrR. CAESAR
AVGVSTA. Asimilar
type
to the
foregoing.]E.9.
R.5.
AUGUSTUS AND 'IIBERIUS.
Obv.-T1. CAESAR AVGVS'II. F. Laureatedheadof Tiberius,
to
the
right.
Rc. CA. AVGVSTVS. Laureated head of
Augustus,
to
the
left[ 1.55
R.3.
L
74 ANCIENT COINS OF
.
Obv.T. CAESAR Avo......
.
OZnLTLCAESAR AVGVSTVS.
'IIBERIUS
Obv.TLCAESAR mvr. AVovs'ri F. AVovs'rvs.
Laureated
head,
to the left.
RM. cATo L. VETTIACVS uvm.
coin, c. cA.}E.7. R.2.
Obv.TLcAEsAR DIVI. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS PON. MAX. TR.
POT. XXXIn.
Tiberius
wearing
the
toga,
seated on the
curule
chair,
to the
left,
holding
in his
right
hand
a
patera,
andinhis left the hasta.
Rc. cA. L. VETTIACVSM. cATo IIVIR. Three
standards,
between which LEG. 1v. LEG. vr. LEG.
x.1E.95.
R.4.
In the eld of the
1
There are varieties with
slight
differences.
Obv.T1. CAESAR DIVI- Avo. F. AVGVSTVS.
to the
right.
Rc. CAECILIO
LEPmQc.
AVFIDIO GEMELLO nvm.
eld, c. cA.1E.9. R.3.
Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
Laureated
head,
Inthe
RFvLvrANo PRAEF. LVPO. IIVIR. c. CA. A
gure guiding
a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.}E.8. R.l.
Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
A bull
standing,
to the
right./E.8.
R.l.
(Plate
VIII.
g.8.)
Rc. cA.
Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
RCLEMENTEETLVCRETIOnvm. c. c.4.
between two standards.1E8. R.l.
Laureated
head, to the left.
RCLEMENS ET LVCRETIVS nvm. c. cA. The labarum
placed
on a
cippus.}E.3.
R.3.
The Roman
eagle
Laureated
head, to the
right.
Rc. CARR! AovlLi 1.. IVN. VETER nvm.
c.
cA.]E.8. R.2.
There are varieties of this coin.
In the
centre,
Obv.'r1. CAESAR DIVI. Avo. F. Avovs'r. P. 14. TR. POT. xxx.
Type
similar to No.2.
RPIETATISAVGVSTAEC. CA. A
temple
with six columns.
]E.10. R.4.
10. OblhTI. CAESAR DIVI. F. AVGVSTVS. Laureated head.
Ro. cA. Abull.E.8. R.2.
11. ObmSame
legend.
Same head.
Ro. CA. sax. AEBVTIVS ETLVCRETIVS uvm. The Roman
eagle, placed
on a
thunderbolt between two standards.
]E.5. R.1.
l2. Ob'l).TI. CAESAR mvr. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS. Laureatedhead.
Rc. CA. in CAECILIO LEPIDO c. AvFmro GEMELLO n.vm.
A bulL1EB. C.
13. ObU.TI- CAESAR mvI. Am. I. AVGVSTVS TR. POT. xxxnr.
\
An
equestriangure
of Tiberius.
Rc. CA. 1.. VETTIACVS M- CATOn.vm.
The Roman
eagle
betweentwo standards.E10. R.6.
l4. Obv.'r1. CAESAR mvi. AVGVSTI F. Avovs'rvs. Laureated
head, to the
right.
Rc. CA. M. cA'ro L. VETTIACVS 1131111. A
gure guiding
a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.]E.8.
15. ObU.~TI. CAESAR DIVI. Avo. F. Avovs'rvs. Laureatedhead.
Rc. CA. CLEMENTE ET LVCRETIO ILVIR. The Roman
eagle
between two standards.Hi5. R.l.
16. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
l?cc. oA. FVLVIANO PRAEFECTO LVPO n.vm.
A bull.
2E8. C.
17. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
Rc. CA. IVNIANO LVPO PR. c. CAESAR o. POMPON. PARRA.
11v.
Type
as No. 15.
TIBERIUS AND JULIA.
Obv.'r1. CAESAR DIVI. AVGVSTI F. AVGVSTVS.
Laureated
headof
Tiberius,
to the
right.
R1vLIAAVGVSTAc. CA.
Figure
of Juliaseated,
veiled
and
wearing
the
stola, holding
a
patera
and the hasta.
115.8. R.4.
TIBERIUS AND GERMANICUS.
Ob'U.TI. CAESAR AVGVSTVS. Laureated head of
Tiberius,
to
the
right.
-
RoERMANrcvs CAESAR TI. AVG. F. C. CA. Bare head
of
Germanicus, to the
right.]15.8.
R.4.
There are varieties with the
monograms
[ b E_1E.8.
RA.
76 ANCIENT coms OF
GERMANICUS.
l. Obv.GERMANICVS CAESAR c. CAESARIS PATER. Bare
headof
Germanicus,
to the left.
Bc_T1TvLo ET MONTANO Ilvm. In the

eld, c. oA.
}E.8. R.l.
-
.
Obv.Same
legend,
same head, l0
RsCIPIONEET MONTANOnvm. C. CA. A
gure guid
ing
a
plough
drawn
by
two oxen.]E.8. R.5.
3. Obv.Same
legend,
same
head.
RscwIoNEET MoNTANO II
(vm. In the
eld, 0. cA.
]E.8. R.5.
AGRIPPINAMA'IER.
1. Obv.AGRIPP1NAM. F. MAT. c. CAESAHIS AVGVSTI. Head
of
Agrippina
to the
right.
RLegend
and
type
as Germanicus,
No. 2.]E.B. R.8.
2. Obv.Same
legend,
same head.
RLegend
as Germauicus,
No. 3.}E.8. R.8.
NERO AND DRUSUS CIESARS
_-l
.
Obv.TI. CAESAR DIVI. AVGVSTI F. AVGVSTVS. Laureated
headof
B(DRVSVS CAESAR NERO CAESAR C. oA. Nero and
Drusus in the
toga,
seatedface to face.-]E8. R.5.
2. Obv.Same
legend
and
head, but to the
right.
B(NERO
CAESAR, OR CAESAR. DRVSVS
CAESAR, OR CAESAR
IIVIR. (1. CA-
Bare heads of Nero and
Drusus,
face to
face.}E8. RA.
CALIGULA.
l. Obv.c.
CAESAR AVG- GERMANICVS 1MP. Laureatedhead
of
Caligula,
to the left.
RLICmIANo
ET GERMANO nvm. c. CA. A
gure
guiding
a
plough,
drawn
by
two oxen.]E.8. C.
2. Obv.Same
legend.
Headto the left.
Rc. CA. A bull
standing2E8.
R.1.
CITIEs AND PRINCES. 77
3. ObzLSame
legend.
Same head.
RMoNTANo ET GERMANO
IIVIR.
Type
\as No. l.
[ EB. R.l.
4. ObU-c. CAESAR AVG. GERMANICvs. Laureatedhead.
Rc. CA. In the centre of the eld.}E.4. R.l.
5. Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
Rc. CA. The lituus andthe
simpulum.}E.4.
R.2.
6.
Obv.Legend
as No. l. Laureated headto the
right.
RLICINIANo ET GERMANO IIVIR. c. CA.
The Ro
man
eagle, placed
ona thunderbolt between two standards.
E.9.
R.3.
.
Obv.c. cXEsAR
AVG. GERMANICUS IMP. PA'IER PATuuE.
Laureated
head,
to the left.
RscIPIoNEET MONTANO IIVIR. Inthe centre of the
eld. c. CA.]E.9. R.2.
8.
Obv.Legend
as No. l. Laureated
head, to the
right.
RLegend
as
No.6. Roman
eagle
between two standards.
]E.ll. R.4.
The fabric of this Coin is
very superior
to that of the others.
9. Obv.Same
legend.
Laureated
head, to the left.
RSame
legend.
In the
eld, C. cA.]E.8. C.
10. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
RSame
legend. Type
as No. l.}E. 8. C.
II. Obv.c. CAESAR AVG. GERMANICVSIMP. PATER PATRIAE.
Bare headof
Caligula
to the left.
Rc. CA. TITVLLO. ET. MoNTANo II. VIR. C. CA- san
oNEETMoNTANOII. VIR.
Type
as No. l.]E.8. C.
See Florez,
tabs. vi.xi. and tab. lx.
\l
CALAGURRIS NASSICA.
A town in the
country
of the Vaseones
on
the banks of
the
lberus,
nowCalahorra.
Pliny
says
it
was a
Municipium,
andthis is confirmed
by
the coins 36.
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.NAssICA.
Bare head of
Augustus
to the
right.
Rc. VAL. c.sEx. AEnILEs. Full-facedheadofaMIL
[ 51.6. R-3-
(Family
Valeria.)
78
ANCIENT COINS 0F
2. Obv.NASSICA. Bare beardless
head,
to the
right.
RcALAGvRRI
Inn.
A bull
standing,
to the
right.
}E.8. R.2.
3. Obv.MvN. cAL. IVL. Bare beardless head,
to the
right.
RM. PLAET. TRAN.
Q.
vaso. IIVIR ITER.
A
bull;
and
the letters
D. D. in counter mark53.8. R.l.
4. Obv.Sarne
legend.
Same head.
RL.
GRANIOc. VALERIOnvrR. Same
type]E8.
C.
(Plate
VIII.
g. 6.)
5. Obv.1MP. AVGVSTVS Mv. c. 1. Bare head of
Augustus,
to
the
right.
RM.
ANToNI. L. FABI. IIVIR. Same
type.
(Family Fabia.)
]E8. R.l.
6. Obv.nvm MvN. CAL. Same head.
RQ. ANToNi. L. FABI. Same
type.
]E.8. R.l.
There are
many
varieties of all these
types, differing
for the most
part
in
the names of the duumviri. Nos. 5 and
GIare
of the
family
Fabia.
TIBERIUS.
Obv.TI. AVGVS. DIVI. AVGVSTI F. IMP. CAESAR.
Laureated
headof
Tiberius, to the
right;
above
(on some),
'1. CAE.
and
a
bull in counter-mark.
RL. FvL. SPARSO. L. SATVRNINOIlVlR M. c. 1.
A
bull
standing.}E.8.
R.l.
There are varieties,
with the names of other duumviri.155.5. R-2.
CALAGURRIS FIBULARIA.
The site of
Calagurris
Fibularia,
which
was
situated in
the
country
of the
lllergetes,
is
occupied by
the modern
Lahorre. The
following
coin is attributed to it.
ObvL.
Q. v. F.
Q.
lsc. F. Bare male
head,
to the left.
RM.
c. F. Female
gure
seatedon a bull
running
to the
right, holding
a veil distended
by
the wind.-~}E.8. R.l.
VIII. No.
9.)
This
gure
of
Europe on the bull occurs on
many
of the coins of Sidon.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
79
CARONIUM.
Caronium is mentioned
by Ptolemy among
the towns of
the Callaici. The coins here described are
attributed
by
Sestini to Glandomirurn,
but M. de
Saulcy
observes,
Il
me
parait
hors de doute
que
cest aux Karoneskes,
habitants
de Caronium et le
plus proches
voisins de
Turuptiana, que
reviennent les
pieces
en
question.l
Obv.Bare male headto the
right;
before, adolphin;
behind,
the Celtiberianletters KRN.
RKRNESGN. in Celtiberian
characters. A horseman bear
ing
a lance,
galloping
to the
right.115.65.
R.l. Ses
tini,
tab. vi.
g.
8.
M. de
Saulcy observes,
that the form of the second letter inthe
legend
of this coin,
which has the
power
of the Greek Rho,
is similar to that
on the
money
of the
kings
of
Characene, having
the same value.
CARTHAGONOVA.
Now
Carthagena.
It
was
built
by
Asdrubal,
the Car
thaginian general,2
and
probably
received its
name
from
the circumstance of its
standing
on a
peninsula,
like old
Carthage.
The
only
known coins of
Carthago
Novawere
struck
by
the Romans.
MARCUS ANTONIUS AND OCTAVIANUS?
Obv.c.
I. N. C. Ex. D. D. Bare head of
M.Antony,
to the
right;
behind, a
labyrinth.
BcT. FVFIO. M. AIMILIO. uvm.
Bare headof
Octavianus,
to the
right.1E.4.
R.4.
There are varieties of this coin.
'
Essai,
p.
138.
2
H
Kaplcnduhf
f1 va, xrio'pa'AadpolirLStrabo,
iii.
p.
109.
80
ANCIENT COINS 0E
AUGUSTUS.
1. Obv.c. I. N. C. Bare headof
Augustus,
to the
right.
Bcc. PETRoNIO. M.
ANToNIo.
Ex. D. n. IIvIn.
A
laby
rinth.]E.5. R.2.
2. ObU.P. TVRVL. v. I. N. K. A
gure
in
a
quadriga,
to the
right.
Rv. I. N. K. M. PosTV. ALBINVS. IIVIR.
QvINQ.
ITER.
A
tetrastyle temple,
with
AVGVSTO inscribed on the
front.}E5. RJ.
There are varieties.
3. Obv.P. TVRILLIO. v. I. N. K.
A similar
gure; below,
IIVIR.
QvINQv.
A standard in the eld.
RSame
legend,
and a tet\rastyle temple.]E5.
R.1.
4. ObtLAVGVSTVS DlVI. F. Laureated headof
Augustus,
to
the
right.
RM. Pos'rvM. ALBIN. L. POIIC. CAPIT. llVIR.
Q.
A
gure
in the
toga, standing
full-faced,
holding
a vase
with
one handle,
anda branch of laurel./E.8. R.2.
There are others of the size
155.55.
R.2.
5. Olw..
. . . . .
SAR. AVG.
. . . .
F. Bare head of
Augustus,
to the
left; before,
a
palm-branch
or an ear
of
corn;
be
bind, a caduceus.
RA
labyrinth
of circular
form,
divided into ve
compart
mentsP
$.65.
R.2.
(British .Museum.)
6. 0bU.Il\lP. AVG. DIvI. F. Bare head of
Augustus,
to the
left
; before, a
palm
branch; behind, a
caduceus.
RA
labyrinth
of circular
form,
divided into several
com
partments;
across
the
centre, perpendicularly,
two
javelins;
(P)
on the
left, a knife; on
the
right,
an unknown
object.
]E.9. R.4.
Florez,
tab. xvi.
g.9.
(.AIUS AND LUCIUS CAESARS
Obe.Avovs'rvs D. D. c. C. N. C.
Bare head of
Augustus
to
the right.
RM. PETuoNIo. c. IvLIo AN'roNIo lIVlR. Bare heads
face to face of Cains and
Lucius;
between
them,
the letters
L. c.]E.4. R.2.
There are several varieties of this
coin, differing merely
inthe names of
the IIVIRS.
cITIEs AND PRINCES. 8|
TIBERIUS,
WITH NERO AND DnUsUs.
OblhTI. cAEsAaDIVI. AvovsTI F. AVGVSTVS P. M. Bare
headof Tiberius to the left.
RNERO
ET Dnvsvs CAESARES
QvlNQ.
c. v. I. N. C.
Bare heads face to face of Nero and
Drusus; above, s in
countermark.1E.8.
RA.
TIBERIUS AND CALIGULA
Obv.TI. CAESAR DIvI. AVovs. F. Laureated head of Ti
bcrius to the left.
Rc. CAESAR TI. N.
QvINQ.
K. Bare headof
Caligula,
to
the left.]E.4. R.2.
There are several
varieties, varying
from size 4 to
8;.
cAEsoNIA,
WIFE OF CALIGULA.
Obv.c. CAESAR AVG. GERMANIC- IMP. P. M. TR. 1. cos.
Laureated head of
Caligula,
to the
right.
Rv. I. N. c. CN. ATEL. FLAc. cN. POM. FLAc. IIVin.
Female headto the
right;
in the
eld, sAL. AVG.--[ E.8.
R.5.
CASCANTUM.
The modern Cascante. There are
only
Roman
coins,
which showthat it
was a
Municipium.
TIBERIUS.
I. Obv.-TI. cAEsAR DIvI. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS.
Headlaureated
to the
right.
RMvNICI. cAscANTvM. A bull
standing.1E.6.
R.2.
2. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
RSame
legend.
Same
type,
with the head of
a bird of
prey
in
countermarlc1E5.
R.3.
coinsI
which ditfer also in size
;
some have
_
c. andcAs. in countermark.
M
82
ANCIENT COINS 0F
CASTULO.
NowCazlona. A
Municipium according
to
Pliny
and
inscriptions.
As the coins here described have no
such
title,
they
are
conjectured
to
have been minted before
Castulo fell under the Roman
yoke.
Obv.sAcA.
ISCER. Beardless laureated head to the
right.
RcAsTvLo socsn
A bonneted
sphinx walking
to the
right.551.8.
R.4.
(Plate
IX. No.
2.)
both in size and
legend.
CELSA.
Now
Xelsa, or, according
to Pere M.
Tolon, a
Spanish
Antiquary,
V
elilla,
where coins of Celsa
are
frequently
dis
covered.1 Celsa
was a
city
of the
lllergetes,
andthe inhabi
tants,
according
to
Pliny,
were
called Celsenses. It
was
made
a
colony by
Julius
Caesar,
with the title of JuliaVic
triz' Celsa.
l. OinaBare beardless headto the
right,
surrounded
by
three
dolphins.
RcLsE. in Celtiberian characters. A helmed
horseman,
bearing
a
palm-branch.]E.8
and9. C.
2. ObthcEL. Bare male headto the
right;
before,
two shes.
RcLsB. in Celtiberiancharacters. A helmed
horseman,
bearing
a
palm-branch,
to the
right.1E.9.
R.l.
(Walter
Hawkins). (Plate
IX. No.
3.)
cELsAMUNICIPIUM.
l. Ob'U.HIBERO-
PRAEF.
The
simpulum.
RL. BENNIO. PRAEF.
A
palm-branch.1E.3.
R.3.
2. OIm-Q. HIBERVS- IIVI.
QVINQ.
Bare head of a
river-god,
vomiting
water.
Rc. LVCI. P. 1?. Uv.
QvmQ.
The
simpulum.]E.5.
R2.

Sestini,
Med.
Ispan. p.
129.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
83
AUGUSTUS.
Obv.coL. v. I. CELsAIIVIR.
Bare head of
Augustus,
to
the
right.
RL. POMPE. BVCCO. CORNE. ERoNT.
AbuIL]EBand
10. R.1.
The other coins
closely
resemble these,
andare common.
AGRIPPA.
I. Obv.
M. AGRIP.
QvI. . . . . . .
PRAE.
Head of
Agrippa
to
the
right.
RL. BENNIO. PRAEF.
A
trophyIE5.
R.6.
2. Obv.HIBERO. PRAEF. M. AGRIP.
Q.
v. I. c. A
trophy,
at
the foot of which are three circular bucklers.!E.4.
R.6.
TIBERIUS.
l. OblJ.Tl. CAESAR AVGVSTVS.
Laureated head to the
right.
Rc. v. I. CEL. BAGG. FRONT. CN. BVCCO. IIVIR II.
A
bull,
standing]13.7.
R.1.
2. Obe.Same
legend.
Same head.
R.
. . . .
EvCCoNE. c. FVFIO. . . .
In the
eld,
AED. C.
v. I.
cum,
in three lines.]E.5. R.3.
3. Obv.TI. NEaoNE.
Q.
v. I. c. HELVI. PALLI. PR.
Bare head
of
Tiberius,
to the
right.
RPEAEE. HIBERO. The
simpulum,
securis, aspergillum
and
apex1E5.
R.3.
Vide Florez, Tabs. XIX. and LII.
CERRITANI.
M. de
Saulcy
supposes
the three letters on
the coin No.
8,
describedunder Ana
or
Ona
(ante,
page
63),
to indicate
the alliance of the Anenses with the
Cerritani,
whose
capi
tal
was Julia
Libyca,
the
Llivia, as
is
supposed,
of the
moderns.l

'
Essai,
p.
107.
84 ANCIENT COINS oF
CILENI.
The Krkwor of
Ptolemy,
andthe Cileni of
Pliny.
The
capital
of the Cileni was YSm-a
Geppa(Aquec
Calidae,
the
modern
Orense), according
to
Ptolemy.
Sestini attributes
these coins to the
Cileni, without, however, correcting
his
error as to those of Gili.l
Obv.Bare beardless headto the
right,
with
collar; before, a
branch; behind, a
dolphin.
RKLIN-ln Celtiberian characters. A horseman
bearing
a lance.]E.7.
(Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab.
ultima,
g.4.)
CISSA.
NowGuissona. There is
no
doubt that Cissais men
tioned
by Livy2
under the
name
of Scissis
; by Ptolemya
as
Krvva;
and
by Polybius,4
with
a more correct
orthography,
Kto'o'a.
Pliny5 speaks
of the
Cincenses, a
people
in the
north of the
province
of
Tarraconensis,
who
were,
doubt_
less,
the inhabitants of
Cissa, a townof considerable
impor
tance,
as
may
be
conjectured by
the
variety
and
superior
workmanship
of the coins here described.
1. Obv.-l3are beardlcss
youthful
head, to the
right.
Rcse in Celtiberian characters. Male
gure bearing
a
palm-branch,
and
conducting
two horses; to the
right. . . .
AR. denarius. C.
IX. No.
4.)
2. Obv.Bare
youthful
beardless
head, to the
right ; behind,
, . , ,
RcsEinCeltiberiancharacters. Ahorse
grazing (P)
above,
. .
..1E.4. R. l
. (British Illuseum.) (Plate
IX. No.
5.)
3. Obv.Bare male beardless
head, to the
right.
RcSE in Celtiberian characters. A
horse,
pacing.
1E.5. 11.1.
(British Museum.)

'
De
Saulcy, Essai,
p.
72.
2
Lib. xxi. c. 60.
'
Lib. ii.
cap.
6, 572.
4
Lib. iii. c.76.
5
Lib. iii.
cap.3.

head, to the
right; behind, a caduceus.
Rcsi: in Celtiberian characters. The fore
part
of
a horse,
to the
right ;
above,
. , , .
]E.3. R.3.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. v.
g.
16.
head; behind, - - -
RcsEin Celtiberiancharacters. A
dolphin
to the
right;
above, ~ - -]E.3. 11.3.
Sestini,
tab. v.
g.
17.
head,
to the
right ; behind, sn. inCelti
beriancharacters.
R~cssE. A horse at
liberty.]E.4.
R.2.
Nos.
2, 4, 5, are
adjusted
to the Roman
Triens;
No.6to the
Quadrans.
CLUNIA.
NowCorunnadel
Conte, on which site
are ruins,
and
where
inscriptions
have often been discovered. Clunia
was a
city
of the
Arevaci,
according
to
Pliny.l Ptolemy
says
it
was a
colony,2
but the coins struck
by
the Romans
do not so
style
it.
Obv.Male headto the
right;
before, a
dolphin; behind, it.
RcLOvN1oQ.
A
horseman,
to the
right.]E.8.
R.4.
TIBERIUS.
l. Obv.TI.
CAESAR AVG. F. AVGVSTVS 1MP. Laureated
headof
Tiberius,
to the
right.
RcN. POMP. M. ANTO- 'r. AVTO. M. IVL. SERAN- nnvm.
A
bull; above,
cLvmA.}E.8. R.2.
type,
some of which have the counter-mark
ofaboar couchant belowthe head of
Tiberius,
with the head of a
boar in counter-mark onthe reverse.
2. Obv.'ll. CAESAR AVGVSTI F. . . . .
Same head.
RM. LVCR. REST. c. CALI. VAno. A
boar; above,
cLvNIA;
below, AED.]E.5. R.4.
Sestini, tab. vi.
g. 1,
has
assigned
a coin with Celtiberian characters to
Clunia;
but the
legend
is
plainly
KEBNIA, and
nothing
but the most
fanciful
interpretation
could have ledto such an
appropriation.Vide
Med.
Ispan. p.
136,
where Sestinis
reading
is
explained!
Vide also
M. de
Saulcys
Essai,
p.
186.

'
Lib. iii. 6. 3.
2
Khovm'a
xokwm'a,
lib. ii. c. 6,
56.
86 ANCIENT COINS OF
DERTOSA.
The modern Tortosa.
Pliny
says
the
people
of Dertosa
were
comprised
in the
juridical
convention of
Tarragona,
and Strabo
says
it was a
colony,
which the letters c. I. D.
as well
as
the
plough,
seem to conrm.
JULIUS CESAR.
Obv.c. IVL. TANc. c. ARRI. AF. c. I. D.
Laureated head
of Julius Caasar.
RIIVIR
QVINQ.
Ex. D. D. A
plough]55$.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. vi.
g.
2.
TIBERIUS AND AUGUSTUS.
Obv.TI. CA. C. I. A. D. Laureatedhead of
Tiberius, to the
left.
I?<Avov. C. I. A. D. Head of
Augustus,
with radiated
crown,
to the left.]E.5. R.6.
See the coins of Illcrcavonia,
inalliance with Dertosa.
EMPORIJE.
Now
Ampurias.
This
city
was
peopled by
three
races,
namely,
the ancient
Spaniards,
the
Greeks,
who were a
colony
of the
Phoceans, and,
at a
later
period, by
a
colony
of Roman
soldiers,
after the defeat of the
sons
of
Pompey.1
Pliny speaks
of two distinct
people inhabiting Emporiae,2
and Strabo mentions their
being governed by
the same
laws
;3
accounts which
are
strikingly
illustrated
by
the dif
ferent coins here described.
Many
coins
given by
Eckhel
and Sestini to
Emporiae
will be founddescribedunder Ana.
1. Obv.Female headto the
right,
with wheaten
crown,
between
three sh.
'
Unam Grteci habehant, a Phocaea, . . . .
alterum
Hispani . . . . tertium
genus
Romani coloni
post
devictos
Pompeii
liberos
adjecti.Liv.xxxiv.
c 9.
2
Geminum
hoe, veternm incolarum et
Graecorum, qui
Phocensium fuere
soboles.Hist- Nat. lib. iii c.3.
5
T6)
xpvw
5'
19
rail-r1)
1rolu'rwpn o'vvfteov pucrv n. in-rs apdpwv
Kai
e'AAyI/ucdiv IIOIM-IMDV._LIb- iii.c.
4.

crrnzs AND PRINCES. 87
BcEMIIOPITQN, or ENIIOPITSZN. A
Pegasus,
to the
right;
below, a
dolphin.
ARA. R.l.
(ne.)
2. ObuENHOAEITUN
(sic).
Female
head,
with Wheaten
crown,
to the left.
RA
horse; above,
Victory ying.AR.5.
C.
(ordinary
work.) (British Museum.) (Plate
IX.
No.7.)
3. Obv.Female
head,
with wheaten
crown,
to the
right.
REMHOPITQN.
APegasus.AR.5.
C.
(ne work.)
IX.
No.6.)
4. Obv.Female
head,
in the midst of three sh.
R.EMHOPITQN.
Pegasus,
a
winged genius forming
the head.AR.5. R.2.
(Brit. Mus.) (Plate
IX.
No.8.)
This
singular type appears
to have been the
original
of that
rudely
re
presented
onthe coins of the Anenses
(ante,
p-
62. Plate VII.
gs. 4,
5).
It is doubtedwhether the
winged gure really
forms a
part
of
the head of the
Pegasus,
or is
merely clinging
to it. See the Revue
Numismatique,
vol. iii.
p. 85,
and
plates
iv.
v.,
also the remarks under
lot
2, in the sale
catalogue
of 'lhomass coins.
5. Obv.c. c. A. 'r. c. o. c. A.
Headof Minerva.
REMPonI.
Pegasus.]E8.
C.
(barb.)
There are
many
varieties of this
type, differing principally
in the
legends.
6. Obv.EMPOR. Bust of
Diana, to the
right,
with bowand
quiver
on the shoulder.
RMvmc.
APegasus.JE.8. R.l.(ord.)
EQU]ESI.
The coins
assigned by
Sestini to the
Equaesi
will be
founddescribed
among
the Incerti.
ERCAVICA.
Ptolemy
mentions
Epyuovma
as a
city
of the
Celtiberi,
and
Pliny
enumerates it
among
the towns attached to the
convention of
Saragossa.
It
was
situated near
the river
Gaudiela,
in the
neighbourhood
of the modern Santaver.
M. de
Saulcy (Essai, p.
16l)
attributes to
Ergavica
the fol
88 ANCIENT coins oF
lowing coin,
of which
an
example
is
engraved by
Sestini
(tab.
ultim.
g. 12),
but with the letters ER on
the
obverse,
and
an additional letter B on
the
reverse.
OimBare
head,
without
beard; behind,
a
plough.
RERAOI in Celtiberian characters. A
horseman,
bearing
a lance.]E.6. R.
(Royal
Cabinet, Paris.)
The learnedauthor of the
Essai" founds his

appropriation
on the as

sumptlon
that the thirdletter is not an
A,
but a c.
AUGUSTUS.
Obv.AVovs'rvs DIVI. F- Laureatedhead of
Augustus,
to the
right.
RMVN.
ERCAVICA. A
bull, standing.]E8.
R.1.
TIBERIUS.
1. Obv.Tr. CAESAR AVGVSTVS.
Laureatedheadof Tiberius.
RERcAvICAin two lines,
within a laurel
garland.
]E.6. R2
2. OburI. CAESAR mvI. AVGVSTI F. AVGVSTVS. Same head.
RMvN. ERCAVICA c. con. 21.o11o. L. cAE. ALACRE.
uvm.
Abull,standing.]E.8.
R.l.
CALIGULA.
Obv.c. CAESAR AVG. GERMANICVS P. P. Laureated
head, to
the
right
or left.
RMvN. ERcAVicAc.1sn. SVRA. L. L1c. GRACILErivia.
A
bull, standing.115.8.
R.2.
type.
ETELESTA.
The coin
given by
Sestini
(Classes Generales,
page
5;
Med.
Ispan.
tab. ult.
g. 12)
to
Etelesta,
has been restored
to
Ergavicaby
De
Saulcy.
See
Ergavica.
GILI.
Sestini
supposes
this Gili to be the
Aquis
Celenis of the
Itinerary
of
Antoninus,
but M. de
Saulcy assigns
the coins
here describedto the Zaalte mentioned
by Pliny.1
'
Lib. xix. 2
;
and Essai,
p.
34.
CITIEs AND PRINCES.
89
I. Obv.Beardless laureated
head,
to the
right;
behind, a
palm-branch.
RGLI. in Celtiberian characters. A hclmed horseman.
bearing
a
palm-branch.1E.
7. R1.
(British .Museum.)
(Plate
IX. No.
9.)
2. ()be.Beardless male head, to the
right,
with ancient
diadem;
Behind, a branch; below, GILI
IkGLI. in Celtiberian characters. A horseman
bearing
a
palm-branch.]E.8.
Florez,
tab. xxviii.
g.
1.
3. Obv.Bare male
head, to the
right.
RGILI. A
horseman, bearing
a
palm-branch.
]E3.
Florez,
tab. xlii.
g.
I.
GLANDOMIRUM,
or
GLANDIMIRUM.
The coins
given by
Sestiui to Glandomirum are
assigned
by
De
Saulcy
to Caronium. See
page
79.
GRACCURRIS.
The modern
Agreda.
It
was
calledGraccurris in honour
of T.
Sempronius
Gracchus,
after his
victory
over
the Celti
beri. Florez
says
that coins with Celtiberian characters
are
often found
on
the site. The
only
known
examples
are
Roman,
showing
that it
was a
Municipium.
TIBERIUS.
l. Obv.-TI.
CAESAR DIvI. Avo. F. AVGvsTvs.
Laureated
headof
Tiberius,
to the
right.
RMvNICIP. GRACCVRRIS.
A bull.]E.8. R.l.
There are
varieties.
2. Ob17.~TI- CAEsAn DIvI. AVGVS'II F. Same
head.
BcSame
legend.
A bull's head,
fnll-faced.}E.6.
R.2.
HELMANTICA.
M. de
Saulcy agrees
with Sestini and other writers in
assigning
the coins here described to Helmantica, and,
N
90
ANCIENT COINS oF
anticipating
the
objections
which
may
be raised to the
circumstance of the letter
M
having
here the
power
of
M,
observes that in the ancient Greek
alphabet
the characters
Mu and
Sigma
didnot differ in
form,
but
only
in
position;
that Hlaav will not
apply
to
any
town of ancient
Spain,
while
Hhfmv,
which the Romans have written
Helman,
evidently represents
the town which
Livy
and
Polybius
call
Helmantica,
andwhich the former
says
was a town of the
Vaccaei, a
people
of Tarraconensis. It is
generally sup
posed
that it is the
same as
the Salmanticaof
Ptolemy,
which that writer
says
was
situated in the
country
of the
Vettones, a
people
of
Lusitania,
the Salamancaof the
moderns
;
but the
question
remains undecided.
l. OimBare
head,
with short
heard,
to the
right;
behind,
the
Celtiberian
characters, equivalents
of
HN.
RHLMANin Celtiberian characters. A
horseman, gallop
ing
to the
right,
and
bearing
a
long
lanceAR. den. C.
(Plate
X.
No.1.)
The coins of this
type
are not
unfrequently
discovered to be of
copper
plated
with silver.
2. (MuSimilar
type
and letters.
RSame
legend.
Same
type.]51.6.
C.
3. Obv.Bare male
head,
without
beard,
to the
right.
RSame
legend.
Ahorse.]E4. R.l.
(British
Museum.)
(Plate
X.
No.2.)
4. ObuBare bearded
head,
with a collar; before, 36
RSame
legend. Pegasus.1E4.
R.8
(?)
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan. p.
153,
No. 4.
HEMEROSCOPIUM.
Sestini has attributed coins to
Hemeroscopium,1
but has
not made
good
his
appropriation,
andDe
Saulcy
leaves the
legend unexplained.2

'
Med.
Ispan. p.
155.
2
Essai,
p.
66, Legends
.56 and57.
cr'rras AND PRINCES.
91
IBE.
Sestini is of
opinion
that the letters found
on
this coin
indicate the town mentioned
by Livy,
1
who, however,
does not mention its site. M. de
Saulcy
thinks this
very
probable;
and
supposes,
from the resemblance of the
type
to those of
Helmantica,
it
was not far distant from that citv.2
OblhXN. Bare bearded
head,
to the
right.
RIBAin Celtiberian characters. A helmed horseman,
hear.
ing
a lance,
galloping,
to the
right.1E.6.
Sestini,
tab. v1.
g.
14.
ILDUM, or
ILDUNI.
The
legends
on the coins
given by
Sestini3 read
Tums.
or
ILDRI,
anddo not
justify
his
appropriation.
ILERCAVONIA.
Now
Amposta.
It
was
the
capital
of the
llercaonenses,
and
was situated on
the
coast,
near
the mouth of the
Ebro.
The coins with Celtiberian
legends,
attributed
by
Sestini5
to this
town, belong
to
lliberis,
in Baetica.
Obv.MvN. HIBERAivLlA.
A
galley
with the sail set.
RILERcAVoNiA. A
galley
with the sail
set,
and with
rowers; above, a branch in counter-mark.}E.6. 11.3.
Another, of the 7th size, has a steersman onthe
poop.
ILERCAVONIAAND DERTOSA 1N ALLIANCE.
AUGUSTUS AND AGRIPPA.
()bLHIMP AVG.
. . . .
Bare heads of
Augustus
and
Agrippa,
back to back.
RM. HI. ILERCAVONIADERT- A
galley,
with the sail
set;
in the
eld, a branch in counter-mark.]E.7.
Mionnet
gives
this coin from the Mus.
Sanclement,
and
observes,
that it
appears
to have been struck on one of Nimes.
Supp.
t. 1". No.5l3.
'
Lib. xxviii. c. 21.
2
Essai,
p.
45.
3
Med.
Ispan. p.
157.
De
Saulcy, Essai,
p.
1 15.
5
Med.
Ispan, p.
158.
92 ANCIENT COINS oF
TIBERIUS
1. Obv.-Tl. CAESAR mIVI. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS.
Laureated
head of
Augustus,
to the
right.
RM. HI. ILERCAVoNIADERT.
A
galley,
with the sail
set.}36. R.3.
with an ear of cornin countermark.
2. Olw.Same
legend.
Same head.
RM. H. I. lLERCAVoNIADEn'r. A
galley,
with a rudder
andthe sails
set;
on one of the sails a
countermark anda
laurel-branch.ZE. R.3. See Florez,
tab. xxviii.
ILERDA.
The
capital
of the
Ilergetes,
nowLerida,
situatedon
the
Sicoris,1
the
Segre
of the modems. It would
appear
from
the
legends
here
given,
that the
name was
properly Ilerga,
andnot llerda. M. de
Saulcy
considers it
possible
that the
primitive
name
IXspXn-rsg
was
softened to
IMp'yn-reg, by
changing
the
guttural
letter
X?
l. Ob'v.Bare beardless
head,
to the
right.
RILERX in Celtiberian characters. A wolf
walking,
to
the
right.1E.5.
R.l.
(Plate
X. No.
4.)
type,
both of smaller and
larger size,
andwith
only
the three rst characters of the
inscription.
head, to the
right;
behind, a
palm
branch.
RILERX in Celtiberian characters. A horseman
gallop
ing,
to the
right, bearing
a
palm-branch1EJ.
R.I.
Vide
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. vii.
gs. 5, 6,
7.
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.1MP. AVGVST. DlVl. F. Laureated head of
Augustus,
to the
right.
RILERDA, or MVNICI. ILERDA.
A wolf
walking,
to the
right.}E.6.
R.2.
X.
No.5.)
2. Obv.Same
legend.
Bare
head, to the
right.
RMvN.
ILERDA. A
wolfwalking,
to the
right.]E6.
R.2.

Hence the
accessory type
of the
dolphin.
"
Essai,
p.
39.
CITIES AND PmNcEs. >93
ILERGETES.
Sestini
supposed
that the
legend
on
the coin here de
scribed
comprised
two
names,
andconsideredthat it denoted
the alliance of llerdawith
Cissa,
but De
Saulcy
sees
inthe
termination the Gentile form
so
common
on
Celtiberian
coins. See
introduction,
p.
5.
ObvBare male
head,
to the
right;
behind, a
palm-branch.
RlLERcscNin Celtiberian characters. A
horseman,
bear
ing
a
palm-branch, galloping,
to the
right.}E.6$.
R.1.
X. No.
ILERGETESand PELENDONES.
(P)
The coin here describedis attributed to Horde. and Su
bendunum,
by
Sestini,
but M. de
Saulcy
sees
in the latter
moiety
of the
long legend,
the
name
of the
Pelendones, a
Celtiberian
people, inhabiting
the
country
at the
source of
the Durius
(Douro).
M. de
Saulcy
remarks
on
this
portion
of the
legend(PELIRVN),
that R
and
D were not
unfrequently
exchanged
for each
other, as
in the coins of
Emporiaa,
and
that Humboldt had
observed,
that in the
Basque language,
the letter R hada sound
resembling D, which,
if
applied
to
this
legend,
wouldmake
PELIDVN,
a resemblance suicient
to warrant
the
new
appropriation.
Obv.Bare beardless
head, to the
right,
surrounded
by
three
dolphins.
Rltuaxsrmmvn
in Celtiberian characters. A
horseman,
bare
headed,
and
holding
a
palm-branch, proceeding
to the
right.
AR. Denarius. R.l.
(British
Museum.)
(Plate
X. No.
6.)
ILICI.
NowElche. Ilici
was
situated in the
country
of the
Contestani,
and
gave
the
name to the
port
nowcalled Ali
cantportus
Ilicitanus. It
appears
from the
legends
of
94 ANCIENT COINS oF
these
coins, c. 1. IL.
A.,
that it
was a
colony,
and the second
letter is consideredthe initial of Immunis.
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.AvovsTvs mvr. F. Laureated
head,
to the
right.
RL. MANLIO T. PETRONIOIIVIR. C. 1. IL. A.
A le
gionary eagle,
between the vexillum and two standards.
A1..5. R2.
2. Obv.1MP. CAESARI DIVI. F. AVGVSTODIVI. F.
Laureated
head.
RQ. PAPIR. CAR. Q.
TERE. MONT. nvm. Q.
and
c. 1. IL. A.
in the eld. A
tetrastyle temple,
with
IvNONI on the
fI'Ont.}E.5. H.3
There are varieties of both these
types,
but
they
are
unimportant.
TIBERIUS.
l. Obv.TI. CAESAR mvr. AVG. F. AVG. P. M. Bare head of
Tiberius,
to the left.
Rc. I. I. A. L. TER. LoN. L. FAF. AVIT. IIVIR.
Two
gures
(Germanicus
and
Drusus)
in the
toga, Joining
hands over an altar of
triangular
form; below, 1vNCTlO.
E.8. C.
2. Obv.Tl. CAESAR DIVI. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS.
Same head.
RM.
IVLIVS SETAL. L. SEST. CELER. IIVIR.
An
altar,
with
SAL. AVG. inscribed on the
front;
in the
eld,
on
either
side,
C. I. I. A.}E.7. R. l.
3.
Ob'ILTLCAESAR
DIVI. AVGVSTI F. AVGVSTVS P. M. Bare
head, to the left.
RT. COELIVS PROCVLVS M. AEMILIVSSEVERVS

Q.
The
Roman
eagle,
between two
ensigns;
in the
eld, c. 1. I. A.
]E.8. R.2.
There are varieties of all these
types,
andthe sizes also
vary.
LIBIA.
Pliny
mentions the Lubienses
as
being comprised
in the
convention of
Saragossa,
but does not indicate the
position
cums AND PRINCES. 95
of their town.1 M. de
Saulcy
nds, however,
in the Itine
rary
of
Antoninus, a
station named
Lybia,
on
the roadfrom
Caesar
Augusta
to
Virovesca,
to which he ascribes the coins
here
given.
ObmBare
head,
with
diadem, to the
right.
RLBIE. or LBIESCN.2 inCeltiherian characters. Ahorseman
git:
a lance, or a
palm-branch, galloping
to the
right.1E6, 7,
8.
LIBIZONA.
NowLezuza. Sestiui
was
the rst to
assign
the coin
here describedto
Libizona,
which is doubtless the Libisoca
of
Ptolemy,
andthe Libisosonaof
Pliny;
and M. de
Saulcy
conrms the
appropriation.
Obv.Beardless male
head,
to the
right,
in the midst of three
dolphins.
RLIBZNE. in Celtiberian characters. A helined
horseman,
galloping
to the
right,
and
bearing
a
palm-branch.}E.6.
R.4.
LIBORA.
M. de
Saulcy assigns
the coins here described to the
Liboraof
Ptolemy,
which he
supposes
to have
occupied
the
site of the modern Talaverala
Reyna,
on
the T
agus,
to
the south-east of Salamanca.3
l. Obv.Bare beardless
head,
to the
right;
behind, a caduceus.
RLIBORE
in Celtiberian characters. A helmed horse
man, bearingapalm-branch.]E.7.
R.1.
Sestiui, Med.
Ispan.
tab. vii.
g.
12.
2. Olw.Similar
type.
RSame
legend.
Ahorse
bridled,
but at
liberty$.55.
R.l.
Idem,
g.
13.
LOBETUM.
The coins
given by
Sestiui to
Lobetum,
are
assignedby
De
Saulcy
to
Libora,
which see.

Lih. iii. c.3.

a
See Dc
Saulcy's
remarks on this form of the
legend.
Essai, p.92.
3
Essai,
p.
120.
96
ANCIENT cows oF
MEANENSES.
The coins attributed
by
Sestini to the
Meanenses,
will
be founddescribedunder
Segisima.
MEROBRIGA.
The coins
assigned by
Sestini to
Merobriga,
will be
founddescribedunder
Segobriga.
NARBASI.
Ptolemy
mentions the
Narbases,
whose
metropolis
was
called Forum
Narbasorum,
their
country
being
situated
between the Douro and the Minho. To these
people
M.
de
Saulcy
ascribes the coin here
given.l
Obv.Male headbetweentwo
sh;
the Celtiberian character N.
RNEREBSin Celtiberian characters. A horseman
bearing
a lance.ES. De
Saulcy,
p.
175,
legend
133.
Ona
specimen
in the British Museum the letter a differs inform.
NARDINIUM.
The coins
supposedby
Sestini to be of
Nardinium,
are
by
De
Saulcy assigned
to the Nerii.
NERII.
These coins
are
given by
Sestini to
Nardinium,2
but M.
de
Saulcy assigns
them to the
people styled
Celtici
Neriae,
of
Cape
Nerium,
the
Neplov Alcpov
of
Ptolemy,
and the
Cape
Finisterre of
our
times.3
l. Obv.EKK. in Celtiberian characters. Bare beardless
head,
to the
right.
RNERENKNin Celtiberian characters. A seahorse, to
the left.]E. R.2.
(British liluseum.) (Plate
X.
g.7.)
De
Saulcy supposes
the letters of the obverse to indicate the
Hequaesi,
a
people comprised
inthe
juridical
conventionof
Bracara.Essai,
p.
130.

'
Essai, p.
175.
'1
Med.
Ispan. p.
172.
3
Essai.
p.
128.
CITIES AND PRINCES-
97
2. Obv.EAIs or EOIS in Celtiberian characters. Veiled head,
to the
right
RNERENKNin Celtiberian characters. A bull bound
ing,
to the
right; above, a
garland]E.6.
R.l.
(British
Museum.)
'
(Plate
X. No.
8.)
M. de
Saulcy observes,
that the rst three letters of the
legend
of the
obverse of this coin, cannot be renderedin Latin without a consonant,
andthat ifan or v is addedwith the usual
gentile termination, we
shouldhave Eoisehen, a word
analogous
to
IEbisoci, apeople
included
in the convention of
Bracara.Essai,
p.
131. Sestini reads these
letters
inserts,
andconcludes that
they signify
Rhoda.
ORISIA.
Sestini reads the
legend
of these coins
OLIGER,
and
assigns
them to the
Ossigerda
of
Pliny (Osicerda),
but M.
de
Saulcy1
discovers the word
Oligie,
or Olizie,
which he
supposes
to be
a
modication of the
Opuna
of
Stephanus.
l. Obv.Male
head, andthe initial of the
legend.
ROLIoIEor OLIZIE
in Celtiberian characters. A horse
man,
with
a
lance.AR. Dc
Saulcy,
from the
Royal
Cabinet,
Paris.
2. Similar
types
and
legend.]E.6.
Sestini,
Med.
Imp.
tab. vi.
g.
19.
3. M. de
Saulcy
cites also a
smaller brass
coin,
with the
type
of
a
winged
horse.
OROSPEDA.
Orospeda
is not mentioned
by
the ancient
geographers
or historians,
andthe coin
engraved by
Sestini,
tab. vi.
g.
18. must be
placedamong
the incerti. De
Saulcy, Essai,
p.
50.
Legend
42.
()SCA.
Now Huesca. A town of the
Vescitani, near the
Pyrenees.

'
Essahp.
64.
0
98 ANCIENT COINS OF
Obv.oscA. Bearded
head,
to the
right,
with short curls.
RDoM. cos. ITER- IMP. Pontical instruments.-AR.
denarius. R.4.
(Plate
X.
No.9.)
This is a coin of the
gens
Domitia.
AUGUSTUS.
1. Obv.van. VICT. Bare headof
Augustus,
to the
right.
RoscA. A horseman
galloping,
to the
right,
andhold
ing
a
spear transversely]E9.
R 2.
2. ()bv.~.avovsTvs mvI. F. Laureated head of
Augustus,
to
the
right.
Rv. v. SCA.
Type
as No. l.}E.8. R.2.
3. Obv.AVGVSTVS mvI. F- rour. MAX. PATER PATRIAE.
Same head.
RvRB. VIc. osCASPARSOETCAECILIANOnvm.
Type
as No. I
(Family, Fulvia.)1E.8.
R2.
4. Obv.-Same
legend.
Same head.
* 1
RcoMPos'ro ET MARVLLO llVIR v. v. OSCA. Same
type.115.7%.
[ 1.3.
5. Obv.AvovsTvs
DIVI. 1'.
Same head.
RcoMPos'rAETMARVLLOIIVIR. In the middle of the
eld,
oscA.]E.5. R.3.
TrBEmUs.
l. OlmTI. CAESAR mvI. AVG. F. AVGVS'IVS. Laureated head
of
Tiberius,
to the
right.
Rv. v. OSCAHOSPITEET mono nvm. Ahorseman.
-]E.8. R.2.
2. Obv.'rI. CAESAR AVovs'rvs. Same head.
Rvnns VIc. OSCAD. D. Same
type.2E.
8. R.2.
3.
Legend
as No.1. Head
as
No. l.
Rv. v. osCA. AhorsemamZES. R.2.
4. Obv.'r. CAESAR P. M. Head
as
No. l.
RosCA, within
a laurel
garland.]E3.
RB.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
99
5. ObtLTI-
CAESAR DIVI- AVG. F. Bare headof
Tiberius,
to
the
right.
'
RHosPr'rEET FLoROnvm. Inthe centre of the eld
v. OSCAv. inthree lines.
}E.5.
R.2.
The coin with MVN.
oscA, given by Florez, is not authenticated.
GERMANICUS.
()blLGERMANICVS CAESAR P.
c._
CAESAR AVG. GERM.
Bare
headof
Germanicus,
to the
right.
Rc. TARRACINAP. Palsco. IIVIR v. v. oscA.
A hel
meted horseman
bearing
a lance and
galloping,
to the
right.1E8.
RA.
CALIGULA.
l. OImc. CAESAR AVG. GERM. P. M. TR. POT. cos.
Laureated
headof
Caligula,
to the
right.
RLegend
and
type
similar to those of Germanicus.
213.11. R.4.
2. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head.
Rc. TARRACINAP. Parsco IIVIR van vlc'r.
In the
centre of a
garland,
osCA.1E.8. R.2.
3. Obv.c. CAESAR AVG. GERM. P. M. TR. Laureated
head,
to
the
right.
Rc. TARRACINA
Pmmsco
nvra.
Inthe centre of the
eld, v. osCAv. in three lines.-]E5. R.3.
4. ObztSame
legend
and head.
Rv. v. oscA. Horseman.]E.8. R.3. See
Florez,
tabs. xxxvi. lv. andlxiv.
OSICERDA.
NowCherta? The
Ossigerda
of
Pliny
andthe
OcucepSa
of
Ptolemy.
A
municipium dependent
on
the
juridical
convention of
Caesarangusta.
l. Ob1tHeadof Vulcan, to the
right;
behind,
the
forceps.
Rosrc. A lion, walking.]13.6.
R.5.
Pellerin,
Re
cueil de Med. tom. i.
pl.
ii.
g.
19.
Tom.ii-
p.649.
100 . ANCIENT coms oF
2. Obv.osl.
Victory, walking,
with
garland
and
palm
branch.
RosEKRT. in Celtiberiancharacters. An
elephant,
walk
ing,
to the
right.]13.8.
Florez,
tab. xxxvii.
g.
7.
This, as a bilingual coin,
is
especially interesting.
TIBERIUS.
l. Obv.Tl. CAESAR AVGVST. Laureated head of
Tiberius,
to the
right.
RMVN.
osrc.
in two lines.A15. R.3.
Florez,
tab.
lxv.
g.
2.
2. TI. CAESAR AVGVSTVS. Same head.
RMvN. osICERDA. A bulk}E.7. R.2.
OSTUR.
Site unknown. The
types
have
a Baetican character.
Florez
says,
that in Valenciais
a
territory
called
Ostur, on
the site of which
are some ruins,
and where oak trees
abound.
l. Obv.os'rvR. A
boar, to the
right.
RAnacorn betweentwo branches.33.9. R.6.
Florez,
tab. xxxvii.
g.
9.
2. Obv.osTvR. An acorn.
RTwo
branches, placedhorizontally]E.5.
R.5. Id.
g.
8.
3. Obv.osTVR between two branches.
RAn acorn.]E.4. R.5. Id. tab. lxv.
g.
7.
PALANTIA?
Obv.Head0f Vulcan,
with conical bonnet.
RPALA. A
winged
Bacchic
mask; below,
the
pedum
and
Thyrsus,
with band./E.5.
Mionnct, Supp.tom.
i.
p.
96,
is of
opinion
that this
coin, as well as
that
given by
him inthe rst volume of the
Description, p. 48, belongs
in
reality
to some uncertain Roman
family,
and not to
Spain.
PRIA.
Near
Nerium,
among
the
Callaici,
is
Pria,
thus marked
in the
Itinerary
of Antoninus :
l
Aquis
Celinis, Mr. XXIv.
Pria, MP. XII.
To this
place,
rather than to Bariain the South of
Spain,
as
proposedby
M. de
Saulcy,2
the coinhere
described,
and
which
was
rst
pointed
out to me
by
Mr.
Charles
Newton,
of the British
Museum, seems to
belong.
The close
re
semblance of its
type
to that of the
Nerii, seems to warrant
its
appropriation
to Pria.
Obv.Veiled
head; before, KI.
RPRIANEN. in Celtiberian characters. A bull
bounding;
above, a
garland.]E.7.
R.7.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
X.
No.10.)

RHODA.
NowRosas. A maritime
city
of the
Indigetes,
at the
foot of the
Pyrenees,
saidto have been founded
by acolony
of Rhodians.
Obv.POAHTQN. Headof
Ceres,
with wheaten
crown,
to the
left.
RAfull blown rose.AR.4. R.3.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
X. No.
11.)
There are numerous barbarous imitations of these
coins, one of which is
given
inPlate X. No.
12;
another
may
be seen inSestinis Med.
Ispan.
Tab. viii
.g.
2.
SAVIA.
M. de
Saulcy3 assigns
these coins to the town
mentioned
by Ptolemy
as
situated in the
country
of the
Pelendones,
andcalled
by
him Savia.4

'
Page
430. Ed.Wessel. 1735.
2
Essai,
p.
46.
Legend
36.
Essai,
p.
83
.
Ptolem. lib. ii.

c.6,
54.
I
102
ANCIENT cows oF
I. Obv.Laureatedbeardless
head, to the
right;
behind, a
palm
branch. .
RsBIEin Celtiberiancharacters.
bearing
a lance,
galloping
to the
right.-}E.7.
(British Museum.)
_
The size varies.
2. Obv.Beardless male
head, to the
right;
behind, a
spear(?)
before,
the
Celtiberiancharacters
[ 5, |.
RLegend
as No. l. Ahelmeted
horseman,
bearing
a
palm
branch]E7. R.l.
(British Museum.)
The size varies.
3. Obv.Beardless
head; behind,
Q
RLegend
as
Nos. 1 and 2. A horse
bridled, but at
liberty, galloping
to the
right;
above, a crescent.]E.6.
R.4. See
Florez,
tab.xl.
gs.
2, 3, 4;
and
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. viii.
gs.
9, 10, ll, 12,
13.
A helmeted
horseman,
R
.
l
.
SAETABIS AND SAVIA INALLIANCE.
Sestini reads the Celtiberian characters on
these coins
SPIR,
or
SBIR,
and
supposed
that
they represented
the
name
of
Saetabis;1
but De
Saulcy
observes,
Ce sont certaine
ment\ des monnaies dalliance
fabriques
a Saviaf2 Saata
bis was a
municipium, according
to
Pliny;
but, as
the coins
bear no
such
record,
they
may
be
supposed
to be of
an
early period.
I. ObusAE'rABI. Bare bearded
head, to the
right.
RLegend
in Celtiberian
characters,
as on
the coins of
Savia,
describedabove. A helmeted
horseman,
bearing
a
palm branch.}E.8.
R.5.
2. Another of the
samemodule,
with bearded head.
tab. viii.
gs.
14 and
I5.
See
Sestini,
SAGUNTUM.
NowMurviedro.
Saguntum
was
founded
by
a
colony
from
Zacynthus,3
two hundred
years
before the
Trojan

'
P. 184.
a
13.84.
'1
241o11z1-roz1, Icriopa
Zmcm/OiwrnStrabo, lib-iii. 4.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
103
war. Its
name
appears
to have been a
corruption
of that
of the
parent city.
It is celebrated for its memorable
resistance to Hannibal,
hence its title of INvicTa.
l. Obv.'r1. CAESAR DIvI. AVG. F. AVGVS. Bare head of
Tiberius,
to the
right.
RT. SEMP- GEMINO. L. VAL. SVRA. IIVlR.
Agalley;
above, SAG.;
below, D. D.
in counter-mark.}E.7. R2.
(Plate
X. No.
14.)
There are
many
varieties of this
type,
and the sizes also
vary.
Some
have the names M. BAEB. sonamo L. AEM. MAXVMOAED
2. Ohv.Same
legend.
Head
bare,
andto the left.
RAsimilar
legend.
The
prow
of
a
galley; "ictory
above,
holding
a
garland,
andthe letters sAG.}E.7. R2.
3. Obv.AEML. POPL. AEDL. Bare beardedhead.
RTINc. MIOR. IIVIR s. M. INVT. Two ears of
corn,
placed horizontally;
below, a crescent and a
globe.f13.6.
R.4.
SAGUNTUM AND BARSA
l. Obv.sAovNT. INV- Helmed head of
Minerva, to the
right.
RThe
prow
of a
galley, victory
above,
with a
garland;.
before, a caduceus
;
below,
inCeltiberian
characters, BRSE.
]E.S. R.3.
(British Museum.)
type.
Some have the helmet of Minerva
winged.
M. de
Saulcy supposes
that the word
BIRSE,
or
BARSA,
in
dicates some towninalliance with
Saguntum,
or
probably
the national
name of
Saguntum itself.Essai,
p.
77.
2. Obv.Acockle shell.
-
RsAGvN. A
dolphin,
to the left.H34. R.l.
There are coins of this
type
without the word
SAGUNT.,
which have above
the
dolphin
a crescent,
and the Celtiberian character
[ 7,
and
below,
VF,
with three
pellets placed
thus
:
-
They
are of the fourth size.
M. de
Saulcy supposes
these
pieces
to have been struck inthe islands
Pytiusae.l
SEGISAMA, or SEGISAMO.
Sestini,
adopting
the
opinion
of the
Spanish antiquarics,
attributes the coins here describedto the
Mcanenses,
whose

'
Essai,
p.
166.
\~
104
ANCIENT COINS oF
existence is
supposed
to be indicated
by
the word
MANENS,
found
on an
inscription
discovered in
Spain;
but M. de
Saulcy assigns
them to
Segisama, observing,
however,
that
there
were two towns of this
name, contiguous
to each
other;
namely,
the
Segisamo
of
Pliny,
and
Segisama
of
Florus;l
and the
Segisama
Juliaof
Pliny,
and
Erywaua
Iovhiaof
Ptolemy,
inthe
country
of the Vaccaei. As the
latter
was
in the
neighbourhood
of Saviaand
Libya,
M.
de
Saulcy,
from the
similarity
of the
types, supposes
it to
be the town in which these coins
were
struck,
andthat the
legendSeaisaba, or
Seaisabo,
approaches sufficiently
near to
the
names
given by Pliny
andother writers.
head; behind,
ME; before, a
dolphin.
RsEAlsB. A
horseman,
bearing
a
palm
branchIE. C.
See
Lastanosa,
tab. xxvi.
gs.
25and26.
2 Similar
types
and
legend.AR.
R 4.
SEGOBRIGA.
Now
Segorbe.
Situated
on the Uduba
according
to
Pliny.2
The coin No. l. is
assigned by
Sestiui
(who
supposes
the third and fth character to have the
same
power)
to
Merobriga.
l. Obv.Bare male
head, to the
right,
with
crisp curls; before,
a
dolphin; behind,
a
palm
branch
;
below,
M
R-sEoBRICs,
in Celtiberian characters. A horseman
galloping,
tothe
right.}E.7.
C.
Sestini,
tab.vi.g.15.
2. ObuAbull
walking,
to the
right;
above, or x
RsEooBu.
Apalm
branch.]13.3. R.3. Id. tab.viii.
g._20.

'
Supposed
to be the modern
Veyzama
of
Guipsicoa.
2
Hence the
accessory type
of the
Dolphin.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
105
3. OlmBare beardless
head,
to the
right,
betweena
palm
branch
and
a
dolphin (or
two
dolphins).
lksEGQBRIGA. A horseman with a lance.}E.7 and 8.
R.l.
M. de
Saulcy observes,
that the Latin
orthography
is
incorrect,
andthat
Pliny
had
goodauthority
for
writing Segobrica.l
J
AUGUSTUS.
OlmAVGVSTVS DIVI. F.
Laureatedheadof
Augustus,
to the
right.
RsEGoBRiGA. A horseman with a
lance,
galloping
to
the
right.1E.7.
R.l.
TIBERIUS.
Obv.T1.cAEsAn DlVi. AVG. F. AVGVST. IMP. VIII. Bare
head,
to the left.
RsEGoBRiGAin two lines within an
oaken.garland.
]11.8. KB.
There are others of the fth size.
CALIGULA.
Obv.c. CAESAR AVG. GERMANICVS IMP. Laureated
head, to
the
left; behind, s. I.
in counter-mark.
RSEGOBRIGA,
in two lines,
within an oaken
garland.
]E8. R.2.
There are others of the 5th size. Some are without the counter-mark.
SEGOVIA.
are, by
Sestini,
assigned
to
Segobriga,
but De
Saulcy2
restores them to the
Es'yovm
of
Ptolemy (the Segovia
of
our
times),
situated
on
the
route from Emeritato
Caesaraugusta,
in the
country
of the
Arevaci,
and
dependent
on
the
juridical
convention of
Clunia.
l. Obv.Beardedmale
head,
to the
right;
behind, two
dolphins.
RsEGB. in Celtiberian characters. Ahelmed
horseman,
bearing
a lance;
inthe
eld, a
stain[ 13.7. R.2.
Sestini,
Med.
Ispan.
tab. viii.
gs.
17, 18,
19.

Essai,
p.37.
2
P.159.
106
ANCIENT COINS 0F
2. Obv.Male bare beardless
head,
to the
right,
between the
letters c. L.
RHorsernan, bearing
a lance,
and
galloping
to the
right;
in the
exergue, sEGOVIA.}E.6$.
RA.
(British
Mu
scum.) (Plate
XI. No.
1.)
There are others, of smaller
size,
with seoov.
SEPONTIA.
There is not the
slightest
foundation for Sestinis attri
bution of the coins
engraved by
him
(tab.
ix.
g. 1)
to
Sepontia,
the
legend
of which has baied the learned
author of the
Essai.
SESARACA.
Sestini has
engraved,
in his ninth
plate, g. 2, a
coin
which he
assigns
to
Sesaraca;
but the characters are
equiva
lent to
SESPRS,
and De
Saulcy supposes
them to
comprise
the
names
of two
places,
the rst
being Sisapona. (Essai,
p.
149.)
Sestini,
in his
"
Classes Generales
(p. 7),
cites
a
coin of
Osicerda,
having,
on
the
obverse, osI.,
and
onthe
reverse,
the
legend
in
question.
SETELSIS.
The coins
given by Velasquez
and Sestini to
Setelsis,
I
are
assigned
to
Setisa, or Setis,
by
De
Saulcy.l
SETIS, OR
SE'IISA.
M. de
Saulcy gives
to
Setis, or Setisa,
the coins
assigned
by
Sestini and
Velasquez
to Setelsis.
Ptolemy
mentions
Eerie-axon,
in the
country
of the
Movpoyoi.
M. de
Saulcy
is of
opinion
that the ancient
geographer
has confounded

'
Essai,
p.
124.
CITIES AND PRINCES.
107
the
name
of the town
with the name
of the inhabitants,
the termination in KEN
being,
as
before mentioned,
doubt
less the form of the
genitive plural.
l. (MuBare head,
between three
sh,
to the
right.
RsETIs,
in Celtiberian
characters.
A horseman,
with
a
to the
right.33.
9. R.2.
(Brz
tish
.Museum.)
(Plate
XI. No.
2.)
2. Obv.Bare head.
RsETrsKN. A
horseman,
armed with a lance, galloping
to the
right33.65.
R.2.
(British
Museum.)
(Plate
XI. No.
3.)
SPALA.
Plinyl
mentions the
Spalenses,
a
people
of Tarraco
nensis,
to whom M. de
Saulcy
attributes
the coins here
described. Sestiui also
gives
them to the same
people,
although
he reads the
legendincorrectly.
l. Obv.-Beardless head,
to the
right;
before, a
dolphin;
be
hind,
E.
RsPLAlE,
in Celtiberian characters.
A helmed horse
man
galloping,
to the
right, bearing
a
palm-branch.
]B7. R.2.
(British
Museum.) (Plate
XI. No.4
)
2.
Another,
with the headsurrounded
by
three
dolphins.
SUISSATIO.
The coins ascribed
by
Sestiui2 to Suissatio will be found
under
Turuptiana.
TAMARICI.
The coin
engraved by
Sestini,3
and
assigned by
him to
Tamarici,
bears the
legend
of which
ASBEAS,
or AMBEAS,
are the
equivalents,
and cannot with
certainty
be
appro
priated
to
any
town.

'
Lib. iii. 1.
2
Med.
Ispan. p.
200-
3
Med.
Ispan,
tab.ult.
g.
7.
108 ANCIENT COINS 0F
TARRACO.
Now
Tarragona.
The
metropolis
of
Hispania
Citerior,
founded
by Scipio, according
to
Pliny,
who
says
it
was a
Roman
colony.l
This is
supposed
to be indicated
by
the
inititial c.
in the
legends
of the reverses
of the coins here
described.
Mela
styles
it
Opulentissima.2
l. Obv.Abull
standing,
to the
right.
Rc. v. T. '1.
An
altar,
from which rises a
palm-tree.
}E.4. R.2.
2. Obv.Abull
standing.
Rc. v. '1". within a
laurel-garland.[ E.4.
R.2.
(British
Museum.) (Plate
XI. No.
5.)
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.Dlvvs AVGVSTVS PATER. Head of
Augustus,
with
spiked
crown,
to the left.
Rc. v. 'r. T. An
altar,
from which rises a
palm-tree.
]E.10. R.2.
This
type
illustrates the anecdote related
by Quintillian
(Inst.
Orat. lib.
vi.
c.4)= Augustus, being
informed that a
palm~tree grew
out of his
altar, observed, that it showed howoften
they
had kindledit. See
Eckhel,
D. N. V. vol. i.
p.58; also, the coin of
Tiberius,
p.
109.
2. Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
Rc. v. 'r. T. AETERNITATISAVGVSTAE. A
temple
with
eight
columns.]15.9. R.2.
(British Museum.)
3. Obv.DEo AVGVSTO.
The
emperor,
with radiated
crown,
seated, holding
the hastaanda
gure
of
Victory,
or a
patera.
RLegend
and
type
as No. 2.]E.9and10. R.2.
(Bri
tish
Museum.) (Plate
XI. No.
6.)
The
temple
onthis coin is a
representation
of that erected at
Tarraco,
by permission
of
Tiberius,
to the deied
Augustus, who, onthe ob
verse is seatedinthe manner of a
divinity.
See
Tacitus,
Ann. 1. c.78.
4. Oimmvvs AVGVSTVS PATER. Head
as No. 1.
Rc. v. T. 'r.
in two lines,
within
an oaken
garland.
]E.10. R.3.

Colonia
Tarraco, Scipionum opus,
sicut
Carthago
PenorumLib. iii. c. 3.
1
Lib. ii. c. 6.
CAIUS AND LUCIUS CIESARS.
.
Obv.c. CAESARES
(or
GEM.
CAESARES).
The veiled
gures
of Cains and Lucius in the
toga, standing,
the handof
each
resting
on a buckler.
R~c.
v. T. TAR. A
bull,
walking,
to the
right.]13.5.
R.3.
.
Obv.-CAESARESGEMINI. Caius andLucius.
standing,
wear
ing
the
toga.
Rc. v. T. TAR. or TARRA.
Type
as
No.
L}EA5.
R.4.
.
Ob7).IMP. CAES. AVG. TR. PoT. PON. MAX. P. P. Laureated
head of
Augustus,
to the
right.
Rc. v. T. T. c. L. cAEs. AVG. F. The heads of Gains
and
Lucius,
face to face.1E.7. R.4.
AUGUSTUS AND TIBERIUS.
.
ObU.TI. CAESAR DIVI. AVG. F. AVGVSTVS. Laureatedhead
of
Augustus,
to. the
right.
Rnivvs
AVGVSTVS PATER. Head of
Augustus,
with
spiked crown.]E.6.
R2.
.
Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
Rnlvvs AVGVSTVS PATER c. v. T. TAR. Head
as
No.l.}E.6. R2.
TIBERIUS.
.
Obv.TI. CAESAR DIV]. AVG. F. AVGvsTvs. Laureated
head,
to the left.
Rc. v. T. T. within a
garland.115.9.
RA.
.
Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
Rc. v. T. T. An
altar,
with
palm-tree,
as
Augustus,
No. l.
]E.9.
R.5.
(Fina) (Brit. Mus.) (Plate
XI.
No.8.)
.
OinaSame
legend
andhead.
Rc. v. T. T. AETERNITATISAVGVSTAE.
A
temple
with
eight
columns.}E.9. R.5.
(Fina)
-
.
Obv.c. v. T. T1. CAESAR. Bare head of
Tiberius, to the
right.
RIMP. CAES. AVG. TR. POT. PON. MAX. P. P. Laureated
headof
Augustus,
to the
right.11E.7.
R2.
.
Obv.TI. CAESAR nIvI. AVG. F. AVGvsTvs. Same head.
RDivvs AVGVSTVSPATER c. T. T. Headof
Augustus,
with
spikedcrown,
to the
right.1E.7.
R2.
110 ANCIENT COINS 0F
TIBERIUS, DRUSUS,
AND GERMANICUS.
ObztTI. CAESAR mvi. AVG. F. AVG. PONT. MAX.
Bare head
of Tiberius,
to the
right.
Rimvsvs GERMANICVS CAESARES-
Bare heads of the
Caesars,
face to face;
in the
eld, C. v.
T.}E.6. R.4.
TIBERIUS, JULIA,
AND DRUSUS.
ObmTI. CAES. AVG. PONT- MAX. TRIB. POT.
Laureatedhead
of
Tiberius,
to the
right.
R1vL.AVGvsTADRVSVS CAES. TRIB. POT.
Bare heads,
face to face,
of Juliaand
Drusus;
in the
eld, o. v. T.
fE.6. R.4.
TERMISUS.
The coins
given
to Termisus
by
Sestiuil will be found

under Bascontes.
THELORIS.
See the coin describedunder
Velia,
page
114.
TOLETUM.
NowToledo. It
was
the
capital
of the
Carpetani,
and
was
taken'by
the
pro-consul
Nobilior,
inthe
year
of
Rome,
560.2
The words CELT. AMB. on
these coins have not been ex
plained.
OlmcELT. AMB. EX. sc.
Bare bearded male
head,
with short
curls and a collar.
RT0LE. Ahorsemanwith a lance,
galloping
to the
right.
}E.8. R.5.
Florez,
tab. xlv.
g.7.
TURIASO.
Turiaso
was
situated
on the site
now
occupied by
the

Med.
lspan. p.208,
andtab.ix.
gs.
9 and10.
1
Liv. xxxv.
modern Tarazona. Its coins showthat it
was a munici
pium.
Silbis is not mentioned
by
the ancient authors.
Obv.srLBIs. Head of Livia
(?)
to the
right.
RTVRIASO. Ahorseman
bare-headed,
andwith his
right
handraised aloft.]E.8. R.2.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
XII.
No.2.)
This
equestrian gure
is
supposed
to be the
representation
of a statue
erected
by
the
people
of Turiaso inhonour of
Augustus.
AUGUSTUS.
l. Obv.1MP. AVGVSTVS P, P.
Laureated
head,
to the
right.
RTvRIAso. Headof
Livia,
to the
right.]E8.
R.2.
XI. No.
7.)
2. Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
RTvRIAso. Withinanoaken
garland,
MvN.1E.8. R.1.
(Plate
XII. No.
1.)
andthe size also varies.
3. Obv.IMP. AVGVSTVS P. P.
(or,
PATER
PATRIAE).
Head
as
No. l.
R-L. MARIS. L. Novis. MvN. TVRIAsO. Withinanoaken
garland,
IIvIa.]E.8. R.1.
4.
Obv.-Legend
and
type
as
No. l.
Rc. IVL.
AQvILo
c. SEVERO MVN. TVRIASO. A
bull,
standing;
in the
eld,
IIVIR.A!i.8. R.l.
5. Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
RsEvERo ET
AQVILO
IlVIR. In the middle of the
eld,
TvRIAso,
in two lines.]E.5. R.2. See
Florez,
tabs.
lxiv. to lxviii.
TIBERIUS.
l. Ob1;-Tl. CAESAR AVGVSTI F. AVGVSTVS IMP. Laureated
headof
Tiberius,
to the
right;
above, a counter-mark in
monogram, comprising
the letters TVR. for Turiaso.
RMvN.
TVRIASO MAN. SVLP. LVCAN. M. sEMP. FRONT.
Inthe
eld, IIVXR,
within an oaken
garland-2E8.
R.l.
2. Obv.Tl. CAESAR AVG. F. IMP. PONT. M.
Head as No.
l,
but without counter-mark.
RM. PONT. MARSO. o. MARI VEGETO HVIR. Mv. TVR.
A
bull, standing113.8.
R.2.
112
ANCIENT CoINs oF
3. Obv.TI. CAEsAR AVGVST. F. IMPERAT.
Headas
No. l.
RMv. TvR. c. CAEc. sER.
. . .
M. VAL.
QVAD.
IlVIR.
Same
type.33.8.
C.
4. Obv.TI. CAEsAR AVG. F. IMP. PONT.
Same head.
RREcTo ET MACRINO AM).
In the
eld, TVRIASO,
in
two lines.1E.6. R.4.
5. Obv.TI. CAEsAR AVG. E. AVGVSTVS IMP. Same head.
RMVN. TvRIAso MARIo VEGE. LICI. arms.
Inthe
eld,
AED. within an oaken
garland.]E6.
R2.
6. Obv.Tl. cAEsAR AVovsTvs. Same head.
RMvN. TvR. DIVvs. AVGvsTvs.
Figure
of
Augustus,
with radiated
head,
holding
a thunderbolt andthe hasta.
]E.11. R.5.
(Fine).
7. Obv.Same
legend
and
type.
RDIVVS. AvovsTvs MVN. TVR. Head of
Augustus,
with radiated
crown,
to the
right.}E.8.
R.3.
8. Obv.TI. CAEsAR AvovsT. F. IMP. Same head.
RMv. TVR. C. CAEc. sERE. M. VAL. IIVIR. A
bull,
standing,
to the
right.]B8.
C.
with M. PoNT. MARso. c. MARI vEGETo.
9. Obv.TI. CAESAR AVG. F. AVGVSTVS IMP. Same head.
RMvN. TvRIAso MV. SVLP. LvCAN. M. SEMP. ERoNT.
Alaurel
garland;
within,
nvIR.}E.8. C.
10. Obv.TI. cAEsAR AVG. E. 1MP. PONT. M. Same head.
RMv. TER. L. CAEc. AQvlN.
M. CEL. PALvn. nVIR. A
bull.}E.8. C.
11. Obv.TI. CAEsAR AVG. F. IMP. PoNT. Same head.
RRECTo ET MACRINo. AED. In the
eld, TvRIA.
]E5. R.l.
l2. Obv.TI. CAESAR AVGvsT. F. IMP. Same head.
RMv. TvRI. TI. SVLP.
Q.
PoNT. PLA. Within
a laurel
garland,
AED.}E.5. R.l.
TURUPTIANA.
M. de
Saulcy recognises
in the
legend
of these coins the
name
of
Turuptiana,
mentioned
by Ptolemy,
which he
sup
poses
to have been situatedin the
neighbourhood
of Lucus
CITIES AND PRINCES.
H8
Augusti (the
modern
Lugo),
on the borders of the Minius.
These coins
are
assignedby
Sestini to Suissatio.l
l. Obv.Bare bearded
head, to the
right;
to the
left, A.
;
below,
M.;
to the
right,
A.
RnRirsA, or
TRIPSA,
inCeltiberiancharacters. Ahorse
man,
armed with a
lance,
and
galloping
to the
right.
AR. den. C.
(British
Museum;
Major Shepherd.)
(Plate
XII. No.
3.)
2. Obv.Same
legends
and
type.}E.8.
C. See also
Sestini,
tab. ix.
gs.
5, 6,
7.
VALENTIA.
NowValentia. It
was
given by
the consul D. J. Brutus
to the soldiers who had served under Viriathus.
Pliny
says
it
was a
colony;
but the coins here described do not
recordthe fact.
1. Obv.rr. AHI. T. FL. TRINI. L. E.
Q. Winged
helmed
head,
to the
right.
RVALENTIA. A
cornucopia
and a thunderbolt, placed
crosswise within a
myrtle garland.]15.8%.
R.4.
(Bri
tish
Museum.) (Plate
XII. No.
4.)
2. (Hmc. LVCIEN.
Q.
MvNI. Q.
Same head.
RSame
legend
and
type.33.8.
R3.
3. OIw.c. LVCIEN. Q.
MVNI.
Q. Winged
helmedhead.
RVALENTIA. A
cornucopia
and
thunderbolt, placed
crosswise within.
There are several varieties of these
types.
4. Obv.Head
as on
No. 1
;
behind, s
(the
mark of the
semis).
BcVAL. Same
type.1E.6.
R.3.
5. ObU.T. AT. L. 1. Same
head; s.
RVAL. Same
type.[ 13.6.
R.3. See
Florez,
tab.iilviii.
gs.
5, 6,
7.

Med.
Ispan, p.
200.
Q
114
ANCIENT come on
VELIA.
The coin here described is
attributed,
by
Sestini,
to
Theloris, a town of the
Accetani;
but De
Saulcy,
with
goodreason, objects
to the
appropriation,
andascribes it to
Velia, a town of the Caristi.
Pliny speaks
of the
city
of
Velia,
in the
country
of the
Caristi,
which is
evidently
the
Omahaof
Ptolemy.
OImBare headbetween two sh; (D
RoELIEGs in Celtiberian characters. Ahorseman,
bear
ing
a
to the
right.]E.6.
R.4.
The termination, in
as,
is
supposed
to mark the ablative form. See In
troduction,
p.5.
URCESA.
The coins
given by
Sestini to
Urcesa,
are, by
De
Saulcy,
assigned
to
Urke,
in
Baetica, see
p.
59.
CITIES AND Pniucns.
115
ISLANDSADJACENTTOHISPANIA.
PITYUSfE.
M. de
Saulcy
thinks it
probable,
that the coins
bearing
the
type
of the
dolphin
and cockle-shell
(described
at
p. 103),
may
have been struck in the Islands
Pityusae.

The
metropolis
of the Insulce
Pityusae,
the
"EBovo-og
of
Ptolemy
and the Ebusus of
Pliny,
now
Iviza. These
islands
were,
at an
early period,
in the
possession
of the
Phoenicians, and, afterwards,
of the
Carthaginians,
who
employed
the Balearic
slingers
in their
armies,
until their
overthrow
by
the Romans. After this
period,
the islanders
became for a
while
independent,
andaddicted themselves
to
piracy,
till
they
were
nally
subdued
by
Q.
Metellus
Caecilius,
B. c. 121,
for which service the
surname
of Balea
ricus
was
conferred
upon
him. From this time the Balearic
Islands became
part
of the Roman
empire,
and received
a
large
number of Roman settlers.
The coins of Ebusus
are of three
kinds; Punic,
Celti
berian,
and Latin. The rst have been
frequently
dis
cussed
by
the
learned,
during
the last
century;
but, as
the
speculations
and
conjectures relating
to them ended
unprotably,
it will be
only
necessary
to refer the numis
116 ANCIENT coINs oF
matic student to a
fewof the works in which
they
will be
found.1
I have been
kindly
favoured with the remarks of
M. J. C.
Lindberg
on
the
very
curious coins of this
island with Punic
inscriptions,
which
were
probably
the
primitive
money
of the
Ebusitani,
although
their issue
may
have been continued down to a
comparatively
re
cent
period contemporary
with,
and
even
subsequent
to,
the issue of those with Latin
legends.
Two
specimens,
engraved
in Plate XII. Nos. 5 and
6, are
of
very
rude
work,
and
may
have been executed
by forgers.
Two forms
of
legends,
observes M.
Lindberg,
occur on
the coins of
Ebusus;
namely, swans, signifying simply,
Ebusus,
and
nwns,
the
people qfEbusus,
a
variation which seems to have
escaped
the notice of M. de
Saulcy,
in his
very
interesting
memoir on
these coins.3 M.
Lindberg conjectures,
that
the three characters beneath
may
be read
'ww,
the sixth
part (sextans),
and
supposes
that
they
were
engraved
with less
care,
as an
adjunct
of
frequent occurrence,
well
known to
every
one.4 M. de
Saulcy
renders the
legend

Vide,
inter
ulia, Neumann, Pop.
et
Reg.
Num. tab.iv.
g. 14; dellaMar
mora,
tav.ii.
g. 9;
Le
Clerc,
Bib.
Choisie,
tom. xi.
p.
127; Maei, Verona
Illustrate, iii.
p.
260; Gesenius, Mon.
Ling. Phenic,
taf.
39,
E. F. K. etc. etc.
2
This
appears probable,
from the rude and
apparently degenerated types
of the
examples
in Plate XIl.
gs.
5 and6. The use of the Punic character
continuedto a much later
period; my
learned
friend,
M. de
Saulcy, recently
showed
me,
in
Paris, an
interesting
Punic
tablet, found at S.
Antioco,
in
Sardinia, containing
the names of Nero and
Agrippina.
3
Recherches sur la
Numismatique Punique,
Mem. de I'Acadmie des
inscript.
tom. xv. 2
partie.
An excellent
plate
of
legends accompanies
this
memoir.
The
interpretation
of these three letters
may
at rst
appear
fanciful;
but examination and
comparison
of the several forms in which
they
are
writtenseems to
justify
the
reading
of the learned
orientalist,
at least so far
as
regards
the value of the
respective characters;
for
though they
are com
monly
written
)
HHas inthe
Vignette, p.
115, they occur onother
examples
thus,
(see Neumann, Pop.
et
Reg.
Num. Vet. tab.iv.
p.
2, g. 14);
and,
inthe rude coins
engraved
inour Plate XII. Nos. 5 and 6, the w is ex
pressedby a character
closely resembling
the
specimenengravedby
Neumann.
CITIES AND PnINcEs.
117
own'rx, Ibosam,
and
supposes
it to be the Punic
equivalent
of
Hr-rvovaa,
i.e. the Pine-covered
Island,
but M.
Lindberg
suggests
a
different
interpretation, namely,
the Island
of
Robbers; and,
with
respect
to the
type
of the
serpent
bearing divinity,
he
supposes,
that, as
the
neighbouring
island of
Ophiusa
was
uninhabited
on account of the
number of snakes which infested
it,
the Ebusitani
wor
shipped
a
gure holding
a
serpent
in
gratitude
for this
freedom from such
a
pest.1
1.
Obv.Baal,
standing
full-face,
holding
in his
right
hand
a
club, or
mace,
andin his left a
writhing serpent;
in the
eld,
the Punic
a;
the whole surrounded
by
a dotted
circle.
Rmva's in Punic
characters; below,
in the
same cha
racters,
but
rudely
formed, mm);
the whole surrounded
by
a dotted circle.1E.5. R.l.
2.
Another,
with the letters
'n
in the eld.115.5.
Neumann,
pt.
ii. tab. iv.
g.
13.
3.
Another,
of rude
workmanship.1E.5.
R.l.
(British
Museum.)
(Plate
XII.
No.6.)
4. Obv.Similar
type.
Rown's in Punic
characters; below,
in the
same cha
racters,
rudely
formed,
mm1&5. R.l.
(C.
R.
Smith.)
("ignette,
p.
115.)
5.
Another,
with the characters
pa;
in the eld.]15.5. Neu
mann, pt.
ii. tab.iv.
g.11.
6. Obv.Similar
type,
but of rude
workmanship;
inthe
eld,
to
the
right
of the
gure,
a
branch.
RSame
legend,
but the characters
rudely
formed.E6.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
XII. No.
5.)
7. Obv.No
legend.
Baal, standing, holding
a
writhing serpent
anda club, or mace
;
in the elda
Punic character.
RNo
legend.
Baal,
standing,
as on the
obverse;
in the
eld,
a Punic character.}E.4. R.l.
(British Museum.)
(Plate
XII. No.
7.)
This
conjecture appears
to be well-founded;
for
Pliny says,
the soil of
the Baleares
destroyed serpents.
"
Balearis terraet Ebusitana
serpentes
necat.-Hist. Nat. lib.xxv. Vitruvius also testies that the soil of these
islands was fatal to the
serpent
tribe,
which diedifcarriedthither.Lib. viii. c.4.
118 ANCIENT co|Ns or
8. Obv.Baal,
standing.
RNo
legend.
An
ox, walking,
to the left.AR.4. R.6.
XII. No.
8.)
9.
ObzaIX/M
A
dolphin,
and
....
the mark of the
quadrans.
RNo
legend.
A cockle-shelLZE. R.l.
The coins of this
type
resemble so closely
those of
Saguntum,
that there
can scarcely
be a doubt of their
having
been struck
by some place
in
the immediate
neighbourhood.
This is
supposed, by
M. de
Saulcy,
to
have been
Ebusus;
andthe maritime character of the
type
seems to
_
favour the
conjecture.
10. Obv.Diademed head of
Neptune,
to the
right;
behind, a
trident.
REB- An anchor between two
dolphins.]15.3.
R.8.
Ramus. Cat. Num. Vet. R.
Danias, tom. i.
p.13,
tab. i.
.
1.
ll.
ObviSame
head.
REBvsrrANo. Same
type../E.4.
R.8.
Ibid.g.1.
12. Another,
with
. . . .
BVSITANv.
Mionnet, Supp.
tom.i.
p.
128,
No. 766.
TIBERIUS.
Obv.'r1. CAES. Av. GERM. Bare
head,
to the
right.
RRwn's in Punic
characters;
and in Latin
characters,
INS. AVG. Baal,
with radiated
head, standing
full-face,
holding
a
club,
or
mace,
and a
writhing serpent.2E5.
R.8.
(Plate
XII.
No.9.)

1
This combination is
rendered, by
M. de
Saulcy,
i.e.
EBAISSUS,
or
EBoissIs, doubling
the letter 8 as
strongly
accentuated.
Essai,
p.
165.
UNCERTAINCOINS OF SPAIN.
l. Obv.Helmed
head,
in the midst of a
garland
of vine-leaves.
TVR|R||(|NVM_
(ut videtur)
betweena buckler and
R_
anunknown
object.]E.9. (Bri
M
tish
Illuseum.)
An
imperfect example
of this curious
type,
which
appears
to be of Baetican
origin,
is
engraved
in
Florez,
tab.lxviii.
g.
10.
2. Obv.Beardless head,
to the
right; before,
a
dolphin.
RLegend
in Celtiberiancharacters. A bull with human
head, standing,
to the
right;
before, a small
crescent;
below,
the head of a
javelin
?AR.4. C. De
Saulcy,
leg.
71.
(British
Museum.)
See Plate XII. No. ll.
See the remarks of De
Saulcy (Essai, p.109112,)
on the
types
and
legends
of these
singular
coins, which
appear
to have been modelled
from the
Campanianmoney. They were,
as remarkedat
p.
67, attri
buted
by
Sestini to Bersical.
head,
to the
right.
RLegend
in Celtiberian characters. A
bull,
rushing,
to
the
right;
above, a
star.AR.4. C. De
Saulcy, leg.
71.
(British
Museum.)
See Plate XII. No. 12.
1'20
ANCIENT coins or oITIEs AND PRINoEs.
UNAPPROPRIATEDLEGENDS.
The
following legends,
transcribed from coins in the
collection of the British
Museum,
are,
as
yet, unappro
priated,
and
may
serve as an exercise for the
ingenuity
of
the numismatist.
No.
Legends. Equivalents.
No. in De
Saulcy.
1. (PFF'A
KBNIA
. . . . . .
141
2.
VQSHXQ PRSEKR
. . . . . .
71
3.
ii"
"PPXM
EEBGS
. . . . . .
142
4.
MPF'Yq SBIERI
. . . . . .
75
5-
AMDT'A; AsBEAs . . . . . .
136
6-
x |
NM
KINIT2
. . . . . .
155
7- IrlMQH/b
TIRIA
IMP
IB
}
8- Pgxwlllp'fp
LEKIILREP
9- rrAqH
ILDREa
. . . . .
98
10.
1
sEsBRs
. . . . . .
118
11. TPHI" EBsEI?
12.
MAM . . . . . . .
}
pry K
. . . . . . .
13.
PF<
IEK
14.
PI M
ERBLRGS
15.
lP'tuAH
VIELE . . . . . .
138
16. MH
EsE . . . . . . .
57
17.
HQHMI"
EREsI5
. . . . . .
121
18.
MFXl-IJPS
SEGEBS
. . . . . .
149
19.
pp,
LBAS
. . . . . . .
148

The last letter does not

appear
in De
Saulcy.
See our Plate XII. No.10.
2
Query
if
denoting
the
Cynetes
of
Stephanus?
3
M. de
Saulcy
observes,
that this
legend_does
not offer the' name of
any
known
place
inancient
Spain.
Classed
by
Sestini to Sisarica. M. de
Saulcy
thinks the
legend
indicates
an
alliance between
Sisapoua
andPersa.
5
Attributed
by
Sestini to the
Equesi,
but without
reasomk
a.
T0
L. DE LA
SAUSSAYE,
ONEOFTHEEDITORS o1' T31 REVU'E
KIDJISMATIQUE,
MEMBER OFTHEINSTITUTEOF
FRANCE,
THE FOLLOWING ATTEMPT
ATA
GEOGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENTOF THE
ANCIENT COINS OF GALLIA
XS
RESPECTFULLYINSCRIBED.
GALLIA.
I
The
primitive
coins of ancient Gaul have
only recently
received that attention which their number and
variety
demanded. From the time that BouteroueI treated of
them,
down to the
present day,
the
subject
appears
to have
'
had but little interest for the French
antiquary;
and
Mionnet
was content to
catalogue
very many
interesting
specimens
under the
vague
and
general
head,
Chefs
(:1raulois.2
The learned and
ingenious
Tracts of the
Marquis
de
Lagoy,3
tended, however,
to rouse
the French numismatists
from their
lethargy
and
negligence,
while the recent ex
cellent work of M. de la
Saussaye
has removedfrom them
the
reproach
of
having
continued to
neglect
the
primitive
money
of their
own
country
for
the
more
alluring examples
of Greek
coinage.
The
feeling,
once
encouraged,
has
been fostered and
kept
alive
by
numerous
interesting
papers
in the
Revue
Numismatique Frangaise,
andthe
Revue
Numismatique,
under the able
superintendence
of M M. Cartier andDe la
Saussaye.
The coins of ancient Gaul
may
be divided into three
classes,
thus :
I.Those of Greek
fabric,
of the Phocaean
colony
of
Massilia,
and the other towns of Gallia
Narbonensis;
namely, Antipolis,
Avenio, Beterra,
the
Caenienses,
Gla
num, Lacydon,
and
Samnages.

Recherches Curieuses des

Monnoyes
de France.
Paris, folio,
1666.
2
Descrip.
de Mdailles
Antiques, tom.i.;
and
Supp.
tom.i.
3
Descrip.
de
quelques
Mdailles Indites de
Massilia, etc. Aix,
4to. 1834.
Notice sur l'Attributionde
quelques
Mdailles des Gauls.
Aix,
4to. 1837.
Numismatique
de laGaule Narbonaise.
Blois,
4to. I842.
R
122
ANCIENT cows or cr'rms AND PmNccs.
IlaThose of Latin
type
and
workmanship,
struck in
the colonies established
by
the
Romans,
after the
subjuga
tion of the
Gauls,
of which
examples
may
be
seen
in the
coins of
Lugdunum, Nemausus, Cabellio, Vienna,
and
Ruscino.
IILThose which
were
minted
by
the Gauls
themselves,
on Greek or
Roman
models,
with
legends frequently
in
mixed characters.
Many
of these
legends
are barbarous
and
undecypherable;
but several have been
read,
and
satisfactorily appropriated, by
the
Marquis
de
Lagoy,
and
by
other French
Numismatists,
in
very
able
papers
contri
hated to the
Revue
Numismatique."
The
appearance
of
Greek and Roman letters on so
many
Gaulish coins is
naturally
accounted
for,
by
the
fact,
that
the Celtic
was
merely
a
spoken language,
and that
conse
quently
the Gauls
were
necessitated to have
recourse to
written
alphabets; indeed,
this is shown
by
Caesar,
who
says
they
used the Greek character for their
public
docu
ments.1
With
regard
to the
types
of what
may
be considered the
national
money
of the
Gauls,
it cannot be
doubted,
that
nearly
all the
gold pieces
are
imitations of the stater of

I
Bell. Gall. lib.vi. c. l3. This
may appear
to clash with another
passage
inthe
Commentaries, where we are told that
Caesar,
when
hastening
to the
relief of
Q. Cicero, sent him a letter written in the Greek character,
in order
that,
if it fell into the hands of the
Gauls,
it
might
be
unintelligible
to them.
(Bell.
Gall. lib.v.
c.40.)
The
apparent discrepancy may, however,
be
easily
reconciled; for, in the
passage
in immediate context with the one rst re
ferred
to,
we are told,
that even the educated
youth
of the Gauls were
taught
to commit
things
to
memory
without the use of letters. It is
pro
bable, therefore,
that even the letters which
appear
on the Gaulish coins
hada sacred
character; and,
this
admitted,
the
religious
motive of the
types
will
scarcely
be
questioned. Though
executedunder the directions of the
priesthood,
the mechanical
part
was
probably
effected
by
artists
unaequainted
with letters, and hence the
many perplexing.
and. to
us, unintelligible legends
on Gaulish coins. The
precaution
of
Caesar,
above
noticed, may
at rst
appear
futile;
but it is
very probable, that, at the
period
in
question,
the
Druids, the
only persons capable
of
reading
his
despatches,
hadWithdrawn
to their forests and secret
places.
GALLIA.
123
Philip, king
of Macedonia. The laureatedhead of
Apollo
andthe
bigaare,
on a fewof these
coins, copied
with some
degree
of
accuracy;
but the
greater part
are
barbarous
attempts
to imitate the
originals;
and
on some we
nd
traces of the word
1PIAIHUOY.
In
many
silver
pieces
there is the
same
evidence of
an
imitated
type;
but some
of them
are
obviously
rude
copies
of consular denarii.
It
appears very probable,
that
many
of these
types
were accommodated to the tastes and
feelings
of the
people
who
adopted
them. The
equestriangure, though
derived,
in the rst
instance,
from the Macedonian
Philippi,
was
probably
a favourite
type
with
a
warlike
people,
whose
cavalry
was so e'ective. The
horse,
unbridled and at
liberty,
was a
t emblem of
a
people
who knewso
well the
value of that noble
animal, and,
thus
represented,
was
an
appropriate symbol
of the freedom for which
they
so
long
and
so
bravely
contended. The
hog
is also a
frequently
occurring
type,
and
is,
with
great reason, supposed, by
M. de la
Saussaye,
to be the national
symbol.l
Notwithstanding
the
many
evidences of imitated
types
in
the Gaulish
series,
the
religious
motive is not the less
appa
rent; and, on one remarkable
coin,
which
will
be found
described hereafter
among
the
incerti,
there is a
very
palpable proof
of
an
illustration of
a
national
myth.
The
reverse of this curious
piece
bears the
representation
of the
druid
Abaris,
riding
on an
arrow,
and has been illustrated
by
M. de la
Saussaye.2
A
very
large number
of the series under notice
are un
inscribed,
and
consequently unappropriated;
but future
discoveries
may
enable the numismatist to
assign
many
of

Revue
I\umismatique,
anne1840,
p.245.
"
loid. anne
l842,
p.
165.
124
ANCIENT cows OF CITIES AND PmNoEs.
them to their
proper
towns or
provinces.
The recent
dis
covery
of
an
inscribed- coin of
Agedincum,l
has thrown much
light
on
the
origin
of
a
series of rude
pieces
hitherto un
assigned.
These coins
belong
to the rudest
class,
andwere
cast in
moulds,
like the numerous
barbarous
pieces
which
M. Cartier informs
us are
constantly
found
on
the site of
the
camp
at Amboise.2
It
may
be
observed,
in
conclusion,
that the
Gauls, as
well
as
the
Spaniards,
like the civilisednations of
antiquity,
were
acquainted
with the art of
plating
or
covering
copper
coins with
a
coating
of
silver,
so as to
pass
as
pieces
of
the latter metal.3
GALLIA
AQUITANICA.
ARVERNI.
Awarlike
people,
whose
country comprised
the
province
of
Auvergne.
Their
territory
extended to that of the
Massilienses,
and to the
Pyrenees,
arid
to the
sea,
and to
the Rhine.
EPADNACTUS, chiqfl
This
chief; who,
by Caesar,
is called
Epasnactus,
ren
deredhimself infamous
by
the
capture
of his
countryman,
Luterius,
whom he deliveredboundto the Romans.5 The
coins attributed to him have been
described,
without dis
tinction,
by
Mionnet,6
among
the
Chefs Gaulois.

'
See the coins of
Agedincum,
described hereafter under Gallia
Lugdu
nensis:
also,
Revue Numis.
anne1844,
p.
165.
2
Rev. Num. anne
1839,
p.
145.
3
See a
paper
on the
Forgeries
of Public
Money,
Num. Chron. vol. vi.
DAnville, Notice,
p.
104.
5
Bell. Gall. lib.viii. c.44.
6
Descript.
tom.i.
p.90, No.63; Supp.
tom.i.
p.
153, No.23;
and
p. 156,
Nos.46and47. It is
probable
that the coindescribed
by
this writer
(No.47)
from
Combe, p.11,
is also of
Epadnactus.
It bears the letters zPA'r.
GALLIA. 125
Obv.EPAD. Helmed
bust,
to the
right.
RA
military gure, standing, holding,
in his
right
hand,
a
standard
winged
like the
caduceus,
and in his
left, a
javelin
andabuckleniE. and
ARB5.
R2. See Revue
Numismatique Franqaise,
anne
1836,
p.
248;
and Lam
bert,
Essai sur la
Numismatique
Gauloise,"
pl.
x. m28.
D
(Plate
XIII. No.
2.)
VERCINGETORIX, chief
and
king.
The
history
of this
gallant
but unfortunate chieftain will
be foundin
Caesar,1
andDion. Cassius.2 After
an unsuc
cessful
struggle against
the Roman
legions,
he
surren
dered at
discretion,
and
perished
in
prison
at
Rome,
four
years
afterwards,
B. c. 47.
Obv.. . . .. . moaromxs.
Bare male
head,
to the left.
RNo
legend.
A
horse, unbridled,
galloping
to the
left;
below, a vase with two handles; above, a
symbol
resem
bling
the letter s.AV.4.
UniqueP (Cabinet of
M.
Bouillet.) (Plate
XIII.
No.1.)
This remarkable coin,
'or medal, was rst communicatedto the Revue
Numismatique Franqaise by
M. de la
Saussaye,3
who
gives
some
per
tinent reasons for its attributionto
Vercingetorix
rather thanto Cin
getorix.
VERGASILLAUNUS, chief.
Vergasillaunus
was a near
relative of
Vercingetorix.4
The
following
coin
appears
in Mionnets list of
Chefs
Graulois.5
ObU.VERGA
(the
rst two letters in
monogram).
Bare male
head, to the left.
RAhorse,
walking,
to the
right;
above,
.1E.3.
C.
Lambert, pl.
x.
g.
29.
(C.
R.
Smith.) (Plate
XIII. No.3
)
AUSCI, or
AUSCII.
NowAuch. The coin here described
was
rst
published

Bell. Gall. lib.viii.

2
Lib. xl. et xliii.
1
Anne
1836,
p.
161.
Bell. Gall. lib.vii. c.76.

5
Descrip.
tom. i.
p.95,
No.133.
126
ANCIENT cows OF CITIES AND PRINCES
by
the
Marquis Lagoy.l
It
bears,
at rst
sight,
a
remark
able resemblance to the
money
of
Marseilles,
with which it
might easily
be
confounded; but, as
the learned
marquis
observes,
the
legend
AVSC. can
indicate no
other
people
than the
Auscii,
who
wereone of the most celebrated
tribes in
Aquitaine.2
Obv.Beardless head,
to the
left; before,
the traces of letters
(AV P)
RAVso. within the
compartments
of a cross.AR.l.
R.8.
(dlarquis Lagoy.) (Plate
XIII. No.
4.)
AVARICUM.
The
capital
of the
Bituriges,
now
Bourges.
Obznavanrco. A
boar,
standing,
to the
right.
RNo
legend.
A helmed
horseman,
galloping,
to the
left;
below,
1fir113.3%.
RB.
Pellerin,
Rec.
pl.
iii.
g.9;
and Revue Num. anne
1840,
pl.
xvi.
g.
1. Vide also
the remarks of M. de la
Saussaye, p.
249.
BELINDI?
The
Marquis
de
Lagoy,
in
a
very
interesting
communi
cation to the Revue
Numismatique,3
proposes
to class the
coins here described to the
Belindi, a
people
of
Aquitania,
mentioned
by Pliny.4
The learned
marquis
supposes
that
the word Bilinos indicates the Gaulish
Apollo,
Belinus, or
Bilinus,
and that he was the tutelar
divinity
of the chief
town of the
Belindi,
which bore his
name. The
type
of
No.3 is
supposed
to
represent
the
goddess Epona,
men
tioned
by Apuleius.5

Descript. p.32, planche, g.22.

Aquitanorum
clarissimi sunt. Mela,
lib. ill.
cap.2.
Anne
1842, p.12.
Lib. iv. e. 19.

5
Metam. lib. iii.
GALLIA. I27
1. (MaBruno. Headof
Apollo,
to the
left,
the hair in
spiral
curls
falling
onthe
shoulders; behind,
the headof
a
goatP
RAhorse
unbridled,
standing,
to the left.AR.3.
(Plate
XllI. No.
6.)
2. Obv.Bnmos. Same
head,
but the metal not
including
the
subordinate
symbol.
RA
horse,
standing, unbridled; behind, a
portion
of a
column.-AR.3.
3.
Another. with the horse
standing
within
a
distyle temple.
AR.3.
(Plate
XIII.
No.7.)
4. Obv.Youthful helmed
head, to the left.
RBEuNoc. A
horse,
galloping,
to the
left; below, an
indistinct
symbol.AR.3.
BRIGIOSUM.
A town of the
Pictones, now
Briou.
Olmnmmos. Beardless
head, to the left.
RAn
equestrian gure, galloping,
to the
right.]E.5.
R.5.
(Plate
XllI.
No.5.)
This coin, described
among
the incerti of Gallia
by Mionnet,l is
assigned,
by
the
Marquis Lagoy,
to
Brigiosum.
CADURCIP
The
capital
of the Cadurci
occupied
the site of the
modern Cahors.
LUCTERIUS, chief?
(Mv.Laureated
male
head,
to the left.
RLvcI. A
gure
full-face, holding
inthe
right
hand
a
spear,
his left
resting
onan
oblong
shield. AR.3. Revue
Num.
1840, pl.
xvi. No. 6.
M. de la
Saussaye,
in the Revue
Numismatique,
anne
1840,
p.
250,
assigns
this coin,
which he
supposes
to be a rude imitation of those of
Epadnactus.
to the Gaulish chief, Lucterius, or Luterius, mentioned
above.

'
Dcsel'ip. Supp.
tom. i.
p.
152.
"
Notice, p.11, g.
1.
128
ANCIENT coINs OF CITIES AND PRINCES.
CAMBIOVICENCES?
M. de la
Saussaye
is of
opinion
that the coin
engraved
in
Plate VIII. No.
II,
of the Revue
Numismatique Frangaise,
is of the Cambiovicenses. It bears
onone
side a
rude
head,
and
on
the
other, a horse,
galloping,
with the letters CAM.
CAMBOLECTRI.
There
were Cambolectri in
Narbonensis, according
to
Pliny;
but the
Marquis Lagoy assigns
this
coin, on account
of the
workmanship,
to the
people
of
Poitou,
who
are men
tioned
by Pliny
as
Cambolectri
Agesinates
Pictouibus
juncti.l
Obv.Laureatedfemale
head, to the left.
RcAMBoTRE. A horse at
liberty, galloping,
to the
left;
above, a
spear
head.AR.3. R.3.
(Plate
XIII.
No.8.)
The word Cambotre is
supposed, by
the
marquis,
to be a contractionof
the name of the
Cambolectri,
in the same manner as that of the
Eburom'ces, Eunvrx., on a coin
given by
Pellerin.2
CANTILIAP
A town of the
Bituriges,
nowChantelle.
Obv.Head, to the
right.
RcAN. A
dog, standing,
and
turning
as
if about to seize
a lizard.}E.4. R.l.
Mionnet,
Descrip.
tom. i.
p.86.
COSSIO, or COSSIUM.
Afterwards
Vasates,
the
capital
of the
Vasates, or
Vasatii;
now
Bazas.
Obv.cossl. Beardless
head,
with
winged
helmet,
to the
right.
R CALITIX.
A helmed
spearman, charging,
to the
right.
AR.4.
(The Marquis Lagoy;
the Baron
Crazannes.)
(Plate
XIII. No.
9.)
This coin is described
by
Mionnet
among
the Incerti of
Gallia, but is
attributed, by
the
Marquis Lagoy,
to
Cossio, or Cossium.3

I
Lih iv. c.9.
'
Recueil, pl.iv.
No.20.
2
Revue
Numismatique,
anne
1839, p.401.
GALLIA. 129
DIVONA.
The
capital
of the
Cadurci, nowCahors.
Obv.AIOYN.
Male beardless
head,
to the
right.
RAEIV.
. . .
A
horse, unbridled, galloping
to the
right;
below, a
hog.]E.3. (Plate
XIII. No.
10.)
This coinis
appropriated
to Divona
by
the BaronChaudruc de
Crazannes,
in a communicationto the Revue
Numismatique.
LUCCIODUNUM(?)
A coin of the
following type
is,
by
M. de la
Saussaye,
supposed
to
belong
to
Lucciodunum, now Montlucon,
situated
on
the Roman road from Neris to
Bourges.
Olw.LvccIo. Beardless laureated
head,
to the
right.
_
RA
boar,
walking,
to the
right;
below, a ower.-]E.2.
R.8. Rev.
Num.,
anne
1840,
pl.
xvi. No. 9.
PETROCORII.
A
people,
the site of whose
capital
is
occupied by
Peri
gord. They
were
the
neighbours
of the
Bituriges,
the
Lemovices,
andthe
Nitobriges.2
Olw.PE'rRvcoR. Beardless
head,
with
winged
helmet, to the
right.
Rs. A
horseman,
galloping,
to the
right.AR.4.
This
example
is
given
from the
Antiquits
de
Verone,
in the Revue
Numismatique,
anne
l84l,among
other
coins, illustrating
apaper
on
the
Monetary History
of
Perigord, by
the Count A. de
Gourgue.
No.7 of the
plate
in
question
is
clearly
an
ill-preserved
coinof Ebussus.
The coinwas doubtless foundon the
site,
and
may
have been
brought
thither
by
the Balearian
slingers, who, we know, were inthe
army
of
CaseinBell. Gall. 1ib.ii. c. 8.
PICTONES.
The
Pictones, or Pictavi,
inhabited the
country
now
called Poitou.
Anne 1841,
p.
165.
r 2
DAnville, Notice,
p.
516.
130 ANCIENT COINS on CITIES AND PRINCES.
DURATIUS, chiqfor king
Obv.DVRAT. Female
head,
to the left.
Rivuos. A
horse, unbridled,
and at
liberty, galloping
to the
right;
above, a minute
gure
of a
temple (?)
with
three columns.ARAB. R.4.
(Plate
XIII. No.
11.)
This coin
appears
to be
imperfectly
described
by Mionnet,
andis
placed
by
him
among
the
Chefs Gaulois
;"' but the
Marquis Lagoy gives
some
very pertinent
reasons for its attributionto Duracius,
mentioned
by
Caesar.2
SANTONES.
The Santones had the
Pictones,
the
Bituriges,
andthe
Lemovices for
neighbours.
Their
capital city occupied
the site of the modern
Saintes,
where the various coins
here described
are
dug
up.
1. ObU.ARIVOS. Helmedhead of
Minerva, to the left.
RsANToNos. A horse
galloping
to the
right;
below, a
star, a circle of
pellets,
or a
pentagon.AR.3.
R.l.
Mionnet,
Descr. torn. i.
p.
64;
and
Supp.
tom. i.
p.129.
2.
Obv.Q nocI. Same head._
R4Q. DOCI. SANT. A horse
galloping,
to
the
right.
ARB. C. Ibid.
(Plate
XIII.
No.13.)
3. Obv.SANToNos. Same head.
RSimilar
type.AR.3.
R.1. Ibid.
See anaccount inthe
Proceedings
of the Numismatic
Society
of London,
Session
1843-41,
of the
discovery
of a
large
number of coins of these
types
at
Dol,
in
Brittany.
The
following types
(from
4 to
10)
have been cast in
moulds,
after the
manner
of the earliest class of brass
Gaulish coins.
4. Obv.Rude
head,
to the left.
Ronocl
(sic).
A
horse(?)
to the left55.5. Revue
Numismatique,
vol. i.
pl.
i.
g.8. (Plate
XIII. No.
12.)

l
Descrip. Supp.
tom. i.
p.155,
No.40.
'1
Bell. Gall. lib.viii. c. 26.
GALLIA. 13I
5. Obv.Similar head.
RDoc.
Type
as No. 4.}E.5. Ibid.
g.
6.
. Another,
uninscribed.}E.5. Ibid.
g.
1.
Another,
with the headlaureated./E.5. Ibid.
g.
2.
. Another,
with a beaded diadem.]E.5. Ibid.
g.
3.
9.
Another,
with
noon
. .
behind the head.}E.5. Ibid.
g.
7.
10.
Another,
with
OISAN
(?)
behindthe head.1E.5. Ibid.
g.
9.
@flOb
11. Obv.ANNrccmos. Beardless
head,
to the left.
RA
hog, standing,
to the
right;
above, an unknown
symbol resembling
a coil of
rope;
below, a
gure
resem
bling
the eur-de-lis.]E.3. R2.
(Plate
XIII. No.
14.)
12. ObU.ATECTORI. Bare beardless
head,
to the
right.
BcAbull
(?) walking,
to the
right; above,
a
point,
encircled
by
a
ring
of
pellets;
below,
the lotus ower
expanded.
IE3. R2.
(Plate
XIII. No.
I5.)
13. Obv.coNTOVros. Bare beardless
head, to the
right.
RA
dog,
or wolf
(?) standing
beneath a
tree,
its fore
legs
resting
on the skull of an
ox.}E.3. R.l.
(Plate
XIV. No.
l.)
SOTIATES.
A
people
whose
capital
is mentioned
by
Caesar
merely
as
Oppidum
Sotiatum
(Sos),
which
was
taken
by
the Romans
under Crassus.1
ADIETUANUS, king.
1. Olw.REX ADIETVANVS.
Lions
head,
in
prole.
RsoTIoTA. A
lion, walking,
Lagoy,
Notice,
p.
16.
2. Obv.max ADIETVA. . . . .
Lions head.
RsOTIOTA. A
wolf, walking,
to the left.AR.3.
R.3.
Lagoy,
Notice,
p.
16.
An
example
has been
incorrectly engraved by
Pellerin, pLv.
No.4.

'
Bell. Gall. lib. iii. c.21.
132
ANCIENT COINS OF CITIES AND PRINOES.
TURONES.
NowTours.
1. Olw.'rvaouos. Helmedhead of
Minerva,
to the left.
Rcan'romx. A
horse,
unbridledandat
liberty, gallop
ing,
to the
left;
in the
eld, 0
and another
symbol.
Potin,
3. R.8.
Mionnet,
Supp.
tom. i.
p.
130.
i
Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
RSame
legend.
Same
type,
with
a
pentagon
and subor
dinate
symbols.]E.3.
R.2- Ibid.
3. Obv.Same
legend.
Female
head,
to the
right.
RA
horse,
standing,
to the
right;
before, a diota; above,
(9;
in the
exergue,
TRICCos.-E.4. R.5. Revue Nu
mismatique,
vol.v.
pl.
xxi.
g.
9.
(Plate
XIV. No.
2.)
4. Obv.Same
legend.
Female diademed
head, to the
right
(DianaP).
RTnrccos.
A
military gure,
with lance and
buckler,
in
a
briga,
to the
right ;
inthe
eld, a
pentagom1EA.
R.l
.
Mionnet, Supp.
torn. i.
p.
64;
Rev. Num. vol. v.
pl.
xxi.
g.
10.
(Plate
XIV. No.
3.)
VANESIA
(P)
A town on the connes of the
Ausci,
at the
passage
of
the
Baise,
according
to DlAnville.1
Obv.Female
head,
to the left.
RVANE
. . .
An
eagle,
with
wings expanded;
in the
eld, two
pentagons,
and three circles with
pellets
in the
centre.-]E3.
(Lagoy.) (Plate
XIV. No.
4.)
The
Marquis Lagoy observes,
that there are
many
coins of similar
type,
but with
barbarous, or blundered, legends,
described
among
the incerli
of
Mionnet,
which
may probably belong
to Vanesia.2

'
Notice de 1Anciennc
Gaule,
p.
671. 4to. Paris, 1760.
2
Notice,
p.
18.

UALLIA. 133
GALLIA
NARBONENSIS.
AGATHAU)
'
Now
Agde.
Its real
name was
14711617 76m),
and its
foundation has been attributed both to the Rhodians and
to the
Phoceans;'andnot,
as
Pliny
would
appear
to refer
it,
to the Massilienses.1 The coins here described
were
rst
publishedby
M. de la
Saussaye.2
l. Obv.Bare head of
Diana, to the
right.
RAI. A
ram, running,
to the
left; above, astar.AR.3.
R8.
(Zllarquis Lagoy.) (Plate
XIV.
No.5.)
2. Obv.Fernale head, to the
right,
with
ear-rings.
RNo
legend.
Aram like that
on
the
preceding coin,
but
to the
right.AR.2,.
R.8.
(Marquis Lagoy.)
ALLOBROGESG)
The
country
of the
Allobroges
included
Vienne,
Gre
noble,
and
Geneva;
in
power
and
importance they were,
according
to
Livy,
inferior to none
of the nations of Gaul.3
M. de la
Saussaye
considers the coin here described
as
rightly
attributed
by
M. Lelewel4 to these
people,
who
were
reduced
by
C. D.
Ahenobarbus, B. c. 123.
Obv.NIDI. Beardless male
head,
with a collar, to the
right;
before,
an
annulet anda star.
RAL ABbAIIOC.
A
horse,
galloping,
to the
right;
before,
three dotted
circles,
with
pellets
in the
centre,
grouped together,
and a star.AR.3. R.6.
Mionnet,
Chefs
Gaul.,
tom.i.
p.91;
De la
Saussaye,
Num. de la
Gaule
Narbon.,
p.
126, pl.
xv.
(Plate
XIV. No.
6.)

Agatha, quondam
Massiliensium,
lib. iii. c.4.
2
Numismatique
de laGaule
Narbonnaise,
p.
90, pl.
xiii.
gs.
1 and2.
3
Jam inde nullaGallica
gente opibus
aut famainfcrior.Lib.xxi. c. 31.
4
Etudes Numismatique, typo
Gauloisc,
p.
211.

134 ANCIENT COINS 0F CITIES AND PmNcEs.
ANTIPOLIS.
Antipolis,
the modern
Antibes, was one of the earliest colo
nies from Marseilles. Its
name
is
supposed
to have been
derived from the fact of its
being opposite
to Nicaea
(Nice).l
The coins here described are monuments of the Roman
possession,
and
were struck between
B.C. 44 andB. c.
42.
l. Obv.IEAIIM. Laureated head of Apollo, to the
right.
RANTIH. AEI'I.
Victory, crowning
a
trophy1253.
R.6. De la
Saussaye, pl.
xiv. Nos. 1 and 2.
(Plate
XIV. No.7
)
Similar
types,
with IEAIM.]E.3. R.6. Ibid. No.3.
Similar
types,
with MIAI.}E.3. R.6. Ibid. No.4.
.
Similar
types,
with GUI. A. KOP.]E.3. R.7. Ibid. No.5.
Similar
types,
with KAN]E2. R.7. Ibid. No. 6.
Similar
types,
with NA. T.]E.2. R.7. Ibid. No. 7.
The
legend
of No.1 doubtless
comprises
the name of
Lepidus,
the
Roman
governor;
and the whole is
read, by
M. de la
Saussaye,
12
(for eig)
AHMov ANTII'IoM-rJw
AEl'Ildog.2
sweets
AVENIO.
Now
Avignon.
Avenio
was situated in the
territory
of
the
Cavares;
hence the
Avenio Cavarum of
Pomp.
Mela,3
who mentions it
as one of the
wealthy
towns of
Narbon Gaul.
l. Obv.Laureatedheadof
Apollo,
to the left.
RAYE. A
hog, running,
to the left]&3. R.8. De
la
Saussaye, pl.
xvi. No. 2.
RAOYE. Similar
type;
belowthe
hog,
a crescent.
AR.3. R.7. Ibid. No. 1.
(Plate
XIV.
No.8.)
3. Obv.Similar
head,
to the
right.
Br[ A]OYE[ N]
IOA
[ N].
A
bull,
butting
P}EB. R.8.
(Plate
XIV. No.
9.)

Dela
Saussaye,
Num. de laGaule
Narbon,
p.
111.
2
Ibid.
p.111.
1
Lib. ii. c. 5.

GALLIA. I35
R[ A] OY[ E]
NOAN. Similar
type.]13.3.
R.8.
5. Obv.Female turreted
head,
with the hair
plaited,
to the
right;
before, A; behind,
K(P)
R[ A]OYE.
A
bull,
standing,
to the
right;
before, a
monogram,
composed
of the letters K and P. 1E3. R.7.
(Plate
XIV. No.
10.)
The
Marquis Lagoy sees in the
monogram
on this coin the Greek cha
racters KAYP, and
supposes
them to indicate the name of the Cavari,
of which Avenio was the
capital.

B]ETERRA.
The
Bai'repa
of
Strabo,
Baurtpa
of
Ptolemy, Bat-rapfza
of
Stephanus,
Beterrae of
Pliny,
Baeterrae of
Mela,
Besara
of
Avienus,
and Beterras of
Antoninus, now
Beziers.2 The
style
of the coins here described
so
closely
resembles that
of the
money
of the
kings
of
Galatia,
that their
appropria
tion to Gaul has been
questioned;
but the constant dis
covery
of them in France has establishedtheir classication.
M. de la
Saussaye supposes
these coins to have been the
prototype,
andthat
they belong
to the
period
of the Gaulish
domination in
Asia,
namely,
about the third
century
before
the Christian era.
1. OinaBust of
Hercules,
to the
right,
the
right
hand raised
and
open
;
behind, a club.
RBIITAPPAbetween two lines, on
which there is a lion
running,
to the
right;
above,
K.1E.6. R.7.
(Plate
XIV. No.
ll.)
2. Obv.Bust of
Hercules, to the
left,
the hand
raised, as on
No.
I; behind, a club.
R[ B]
HTAPPATIS. A similar
type
to that of the
pre
ceding
coin.}E.6. R.7. Dela
Saussaye, pl.
xxii. No. 2.
M. de la
Saussaye observes, on the
legend
of this
coin,
that it is the
Gentile form, as in a curious
inscription,
cited
by him,3 where we
ndNAMAYCA'IIC.

'
Notice,
p.
19;
De la
Saussaye,
ut
supra, p.
139.
2
DAnville,
p.
136. De la
Saussaye,
who thinks the
primitive name is
from the
Basque, Petarm, a hill, or mountain,
p.
184.
3
P. 163.
136
ANCIENT COINS OF CITIES AND PRINCES.
CABELLIO.
The Caballio of
Strabo,
andthe Cabellio of
Pliny,
who
includes it
among
the Latin
towns;
but
Ptolemy
says
it
was a
colony,
andthis is
provedby
the coins here described.
The modern Cavaillon
occupies
its site.
1. Obv.cABE.
Female
head,
to the
right,
the hair in
spiral
curls.
RLEPI. rounda
cornucopia,
the whole within a
garland.
A
R.5.
RB. De la
Saussaye, pl.xvii.
No. 1.
(Plate
XIV. No.
12.)
2. Obv.cABE. Similar head,
within a
garland.
BrcoL. Helmed
head, to the
right.]5.3.
RA.
(Plate
XIV. No.
14.)
3.
Another,
with a
cornucopia
belowthe head.]E.3. R.6.
4. Another,
with the helmet of
more
simple
form.]E.3. R.1.
The female headonthese coins is, with
great probability, supposed, by
M. R. Rochette,
to be that of the local
nymph
of Cabellio.l
MARCUS ANTONIUS.
Obv-CABE.
Head of Janus.
RM. ANT. A
lion,
walking,
to the
right.]15.3%.
R.8.
De la
Saussaye, p.
143.
(Plate
XIV. No.
13.)
AUGUS'IUS.
Obv.coL. CABE.
Turretedfemale
head, to the
right.
Rmr. CAESAR AVGVST. cos. XI. A
cornucopia.
}E2} R.6.
Ibid.
p.
143.
(Plate
XIV.
No.15.)
CAENICENSES.
Pliny
is the
only
author who
distinctly
mentions the
Caenicenses,
whose
capital
is noticed
by
him in his
enumeration of the Latin towns of GalliaNarbonensis?

'
De la
Saussaye,
ut
supra, p.
143,-
R.
Rochette,
Essai sur la
Numismatique
Tarentine,
p.
389414;
in the Memoires of the
Academy
of
Inscriptions,
Tome xiv.
5
Hist. Nat. lib.iii. c.4.

GALLIA. 137
M. de la
Saussaye
is of
opinion,
that the
name
is derived
from the river Caenus
(the Touloubre),
which falls into the
seabetween Massiliaand
Maritima,
and that the ruins of
the
principal
town
may
be tracednear
the
Maison-"Basso
du
Verngnes.l
The
unique example
here described
was rst
published by
the
Marquis Lagoy,2
and
was dis
coveredin the
department
of the Bouches-du
Rhone,
with
a
number of coins of Massilia.
Obv.Headof
Apollo,
to the
right,
with a small horn
encircling

the
ear.
RKAINIKIITSLN. A
lion, walking,
to the
right;
below,
a
monogram.
ARB.
(Plate
XV. No.
I.)
CARCICI?
Now
Cassis,
in
Provence,
situated between Marseilles
and 'Ioulon.
Obv.CA
RSICIOS. Diademedfemale
head, to the
right.
RcMMl...os. A
horseman,
to the
right;
behind, a
buckler.AR 3. R.I.
The
Marquis Lagoy3
observes on this
type,
which he
gives
from
Mionnet, that
though
it
belongs
to the third and last
epoch
of the
Celtic
money,
it does not accord with the
proposed attribution; yet
the
legend
of the obverse
appears
to contain the name of the
Carcici,
or Carsici, andthat o1' the reverse the Commoni, both in the environs
of Massilia. See the observations of M. de la
Saussaye,
inthe Revue
Numismatique.5
CAVARES.
The
Cavares, or Cavari, were a
people among
whose
chief cities
were Avenio, Arausio,
andCabellio. The
only
coin
assigned
to them is the one
here
described,
which
was
found
by
the
Marquis Lagoy
in the ruins of
Glanum,

Num. de laGaule Narbonm,

p.
105.
2
Descript.
de
quelques
Med.
Inedites,
p.
25.
r
3
Notice,
p.
23.
Descn,
tom. 1.
p.
87.
5
Annec
l838,
p.
221.
T
138
ANCIENT COINS 0P CITIES AND PRINCES.
and
published by
him in his Notice.l It is
unfortunately
incuse
and
imperfectly
struck;
but M. de la
Saussaye
agrees
with the learned
marquis
in
assigning
it to the
Cavari.2
Obv.CAv. A
horse,
galloping,
to the
right.
RThe same
type,
etc.,
but incuse.All.3.
(/l
plated
,
coin.)
Lagoy,
Notice
planche
No.11: De la
Sanssaye,
pl.
xvi.
(Plate
XV. No.
2.)
GLANUM.
NowSaint
liemi,
where the coin here described was
found,
during
some excavations,
in the
year
1824.3
Obv.Head of Diana, to the
left,
the hair dressed with ears of
corn.
RIAANIKQN. A
bull,
rushing,
to the
left; above, a
branch,
and the
monogram
TIN. AR.3.
(Plate
XV. No.3
)
LlBICl.
A
people
whose
capital
was Vercellaa,
the modern Ver
celli. The coin here described has been described and
engraved by
Sestini,
who
gives
it to
Spain,
but M. de la
Saussayc assigns
it to GaUia.l
Obv.Headof
Diana, to the
right.
R.>|>|Q|1
A lion,
walking,
to the
right.
All.3. R.5.
(Plate
XV. No.
4.)
LACYDON.
The coins inscribed AAKYASLN will be found under
Massilia.
P. 24.
2
Revue
Numismatiqne,
anne
1838,
p.
222.
Lagoy, Descrip., p.
17-
Num. de laGaule
Narbonn-,
p.
93.
GALLIA.
139
LONGOSTALETI.
A
people
whose
capital
is
supposed
to have been Pet'
pignan.
M. de la
Saussaye
has
given engravings
of six
coins of the
Longostaleti,
andrelates
a
curious anecdote of
a contention between
Bartheleiny
and Pellerin
respecting
their classication.1
They
were
assigned by
Eckhel and
Sestini to
Taletum,
in
Laconia; but,
in
consequence
of
the characters
on
No.
3,
have
been,
with
great reason,
classedto a district of Gaul
bordering
on
Hispauia.2
I.
Obv.\\'inged
bare head of
Mercury,
to the
right;
behind,
the
caduceus.
RAOITOETAAH'ILQN,
in two lines. A
tripod;
above,
two stars.[ E.7. I{.7.
(Plate
XV. No.
5.)
This coinis of fine Greek
workmanship,
and onthat account is doubtless
one of the earliest of the series. The
following,
from its execution,
as well as from the form of the characters Cand (I), in the
place
of
Z
and Q, is deemed of a later
period.
A barbarous
example
is en
graved
in
g.
6.
2. Obv.A()YKOTI.
Bare
head,
to the
right;
behind, a cadu
ceus
formedof beads.
RAOIIOCTAAH'I'OJN.
A
tripod.
33.8. ILS.
3. Obv.B0)KIOC.
Male beardless
head,
with the
petasus;
behind,
the caduceus.
R'Same
legend
and
type.
Between the rst line of the
legend
and the
tripod,
the Celtiberian characters
PAQP.
]E.6,.
R.2.
The Celtiberian characters on this coin have been transformed into
Greek
by
Pellerin and Mionnet. Their
interpretation
involves some
ditIiculty:
if
representing.
as the
Marquis Lagoy supposes, PTRR, or
BTRP.,3 there are the elements of
Baaterra,
the coins of which resemble
those here
described;
but if, as M. de la
Saussayeconjectures,the equiva
lents are
PARK, they may possibly
indicate
Perpignan (Perpiniacum).

'
Num. de laGaule Narhonm,
p.
187.
2
See the remarks of the
Marquis Lagoy,
in the Revue
Numismatique,
anne 1841, p.85.
3
Rev. Num.,
anne
l84l,
ut
supra.
De la
Saussaye,
Num. de laGaule Narbonn.,
p.
1510.
140 ANCIENT COINS OF CITIET AND PRINCES.
MASSILIA.
NowMarseilles. Massilia
was
founded
by
a
colony
of
lhocaeans from
Ionia,
600
years
B
0.,1
and became
a
city
of
great importance, receiving
settlers from the mother
country
when the Phocaeans ed from the
arms
of
Cyrus,
an event which
some
authors
appear
to have confounded
with the
origin
of the
city.2
The coins of Massiliaare
very
numerous,
andof several distinct
periods,
the earliest
being
characterised
by
an
Archaic
style,
while later
ex
amples
rival in
beauty
the most
elegant productions
of
Greek art. Besides
these,
there
are
many
rude
pieces,
which
appear
to he
attempts
to imitate the authorised
money, probably by people
of the
neighbouring
tribes.3
M. de la
Saussaye
has divided the coins of this
city
into
eight epochs.
Ihave followed his
order,
describing
the
silver and brass
separately,
without
adopting
all the divi
sions he
proposes.
SILVEIL4
I. Obv.Head of
a seal to the
right;
below, a sh.
RRude
cavity.AR.%.
R.8.
(Plate
XV. No.
7.)
2. Obv.-Alion to the
left,
the head lowered as
it
feeding.
RRude indented
square.A
R.8.
(Plate
X". No.
8.)
3. Obv.Headof
a
griin,
with
open
mouth, to the
right.
RHead of a lion,
with the mouth
open,
to the
right;
within an indented
square.AR.i}.
R.8. De la
Saussaye,
Num. de laGaule Narbon.
(Pl. 1,
gs.
1, 2, 3).
Lagoy,
Descript.
de
quelques
Medailles
Ind.,
Nos.
1, 2,
3.
(Plate
XV. No.
9.)
These coins are assigned
to the rst
epoch
of the
mintage
of Massilia.
The
type
of the seal
(qiom'g')
was used
by
the Phocaaans on their
money;
and those of the lion and
griin
are referable to the same
origin.

1
Justin,
lib.xliii. c. 3.
2
Dela
Saussaye, p.
59.
3
See an
example
in Plate
XVL,
No. 8.
There are no authenticated
gold
coins of Massilia.
GALLIA. I41
.
Obv.Ancient head of Dianato the left.
RIndented
square,
divided into four sections.AILl.
1L8.
(de
la
Saussayc,
No.
5.) (Plate
XV. No.
10.)
.
Obv.Similar head.
RM, a crab.AR.l. 1L6.
(Plate
XV. No.
11.)
Others di'er
slightly
in
fabric,
or are without the letter
M
These
types
are
assigned by
M. de la
Saussaye
to the second
epoch;
and he
observes, that
though
their
appropriation
to Massilia
may
be
questioned,
there is the best reason for their classication to this
city, namely
their
being
found
solely
in Provence.l From the Archaic
character of the head on the
obverse,
it is
conjectured
to be a
repre
sentationof the Diana
brought
from
Ephesus
to Massiliasoonalter
its foundation.2 The crab was one of the
many
attributes of that
goddess.a
.
ObmHelmedhead of
Apollo
to the
left; on the
helmet, a
wheel with four
spokes.
RAwheel with four
spokes.AR.l.
RB.
(Plate
XV. No.
12.)
.
Another with the wheel of
plainer
form,
and the
spokes
spreading
at the
extremity.]E.l.
R6.
.
Another with the
extremity
of the
spokes
furcated. ARJ. R.7.
'. Olw.Same head.
m
R';
A
71
betweenthe
spokes
of the wheel.AR.1.
UniqueP
(Lagoy.)
(Plate
XV. No.
14.)
.
Obv.Same head.
R2m>
between the
spokes
of a
wheel of three
spokes
only.AR.1.
1{.8.
Millingen.
Rec. de Med.
(Pl.
XI.
No.
2);
de la
Saussaye (Pl.
1.
g. 17.)
M. de la
Saussaye
observes of the helmedhead
of Apollo on these
coins,
that it is
probable
he became the second
tutelary divinity
of
Massilia,
when its citizens were
engaged
in contests with the national tribes of
Gaul. An armed simulacrum of
Apollo
was seen
by
Pausanias at
Amycles (Lac.
c. 19.)
The
meaning
of the wheel has been the
subject
of much
conjecture;
but its
probable signication appears
to have
been
correctly explained by
the Chevalier Bronsted.4 who
supposes
it
to be a
representation
of the m'ucl\og
,uavrixbg,
the disc
placed
on the
tripod
at
Delphi, one of the
principal symbols
of the
worship
of the
Pythian Apollo.

'
P. 52.
'1
Justin,
lib. xliii. c. 34.
3
Creuzer et
Guigniaut. Relig.
de
lAntiq.
Tome ii. 1re
partie, p.
13940.
Voyages
et Recherches en Grece, tom.
1'3",
p.
116,
118.
142 ANCIENT COINS 0F CITIES AND PRINCES.
De la
Saussaye (Pl.
I. Nos.
1823.)
8. Obv.Headof
Apollo
to the
right.
RM between the
spokes
of
a wheel.AR.1. 11.8.
9. Obv.The same head without the horn.
RM. Same
type.AR.I.
R.7.
10. Obv.MAEEA. The same head with the horn.
RM. Same
type.-AR.l.
R.7
(Plate
XVI. No.
l.)
11. Obv.AAKTAQN. The same head.
RNo letter. Same
type.A
l1.l. RB.
Lacydon, actording
to
Mela,l
and Eustathius on
Dionysius Periegetes,'2
was the
port
of Massilia. T)Anville
observes,
that in some editions
of Melait was termed
lIalycidon.a
12. Obv.AFAA. The same head.
RM. Same
typeAR.I.
ILS.
l3. ObtxMAEEAAI
. . .
The same head.
RM. Same
typeAR.I.
R.7.
De la
Saussaye (Pl.
1. Nos.
2453.)
14. Obv.Headof
Apollo
to the left with a horn on the fore
head.
RMA. between the
spokes
of
a
wheel.AR.1. R.4.
15. Same
types
and
legend
without the horn.AR.I. 11.3.
16. Obv.Headof
Apollo
to the left without the horn.
RMA. between the
spokes
of a wheel.AR.1. C.
(Plate
XVI. No.
2.)
II
17. Obv.-Same
head,
with A on the face belowthe
temple.
I
RSame
type.AR.1.
1L8.
18. Another with ATPIonthe face
perpendicularly.A
R.l
.
11.8.
(Lagoy Descr.) (Plate
XVI. No.
19. Another with MAon the f'ace.AR.1. R.7. Ibid.
20. Another with N before the head.AR. 1. R.4.

Lil). ii. c. 5.
l
V. 75.
3
Notice.
p.
397.
GALLlA.
143
2i.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
28.
29.
30.
Another with NILAILI. R.6.
Another with TNbehindthe head.AR.1.
Obv.Same head.
RMAGbetween the
spokes
of
a
wheel.AR.I. R.8.
(Plate
XVI.
No.4.)
Obv.-Headof Dianato the
right,
with
ear-rings
andnecklace.
RMAEEA. A lion
walking
to the
right.AR.
4. R.4.
(De
la
Saussaye,
Plate II.
Fig. I.)
This coin is of ne work. M. de la
Saussaye gives
several others,
differing
in
fabric,
from ne to
utterly
barbarous.
Obv.Headof Dianato the
right,
the hair
gathered behind,
anddressed with laurel.
RMAEZA. A lion
walking
to the
right ;
in the
exergue
HI'I.AR.3. R.7.
OlnhSirnilar head.
RMAEEALIHTQN. A lion
walking
to the
right;
before
A.AR.3. R.6.
(Plate
XVI. No.
6.)
R.6.
.
Another of rude work.AR.3. R1.
(De
la
Saussaye,
Plate XI.
gs. 73115.)
M. de la
Saussaye gives many
coins of this
type
of inferior
workmanship,
and with various letters in the eld.
Examples
will be seen in
gs.
7 and8.
Obv.Bust of
Diana,
the shoulders
bare,
andwith the
quiver;
before, a
monogram.
RMAEEAAIIX
(sic).
A lion
walking
to the
right;
be.
fore A AR.3. R.l. Vide de la
Saussaye, pl.
iii.
gs. 116, 131, 136,
ditto.
(Plate
XVI.
No.9.)
Obv.Bust of Dianato the
right
with
quiver,
and the
shoulder bare.
RIVIAZEAor IVIAEEAAIH'IQINI. A lion to the
left, or
to the
right,
as it about to
spring upon
its
prey.AR.3.
C. De la
Saussaye, pl.
iv.
(HmHead of Minervato the
right;
behind,
A or B.
RMAEEA. An
eagle
with
wings expanded, turning
to
the
right.AR.2.
RA. De la
Saussaye, plate
v.
gs.
259,
260.
(Plate
XVI.
No.10.)
The coinwith the
type
of a
stag, given by Eckhel,
Num. Vet. Anecd
p.
3, and
pl.
i.
g. 3,
and Doct. Num. Vet.
p. 69,
is not authenticated.
M. dc la
Saussaye
informs us that
he
has looked for it in vain.
i4 4
ANCIENT COINS 0F CITIES AND PRINCES
31
32
33
34
35.
36.
37.
38.
BRASS.
.
Obv.Laureated head of
Apollo
to the left.
RMAEEAAIHTQNin the
exergue
of the coin. A bull,
butting,
to the
right; above, a
garland.H36.
C. De
la
Saussaye, pl.
vi.
g.
283.
M. de la
Saussaye gives many
varieties of these coins.
.
Obv.Same
head; behind, a bucranium.
RSame
legend.
A
bull, butting,
to the
right; above,
a
branch.-}E.5. R.2.
(llate
XVI. No.
l2.)
.
Obv.Samc head; behind,
a
cornucopia.
RSame
legend.
A bull
butting35.7.
.
Obv.Same
head; behind, a
burning
torch.
litSame
legend.
A bull
butting;
above,
victory flying
with
a
garland.55.5%.
lt.l.
(Plate
XVI. No.
ll.)
The varieties of these
types
are numerous. The size and fabric also
varies.
'
Obv.Helmedhead of
Minerva; behind,
B.
RMAEEA. A
tripod;
in the
eld, a
lyre..2555.
lLl.
(Plate
XVI.
No.15.)
See De In
C.
Many
of these
types
are struck on the
preceding
coins.
Saussaye, pl.
ix.
OblLMAE. Same head.
RMinerva,
standing
to the
left, covering
herself with her
buckler,
and
brandishing
her
spean}EJ5.
C. De la
Saussaye, pl.
x. No. 388.
(Plate
XVI. No.
13.)
Obv.Same head.
RMAEZA. A lion to the
right.1E1;
Obv.Same head.
RMACCA. Same
typeEdgy.
R.|.
R3.
39. Obv.MAC. Same head.
RAlion
running
to the
right;
in the
eld,
D.
R.l.
40. Obv.MAE. Same head.
41.
RAnowl
standing
on a caduceus;
in the
eld,
A.]E.l
.
l{.6.
Obv.No
legend;
same head.
RAnowl
standing
on a caduceus between the letters HA.
]E2. 1L6.
(Plate
XVI. No.
14.)
GALLIA.
145
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Obv.MAC. Same head.
RAM
(sic).
A
dolphin
entwinedaro
R. l.
Obv.M.
. . .
Same head.
RA
dolphin
to the
right.--]E.2.
ObztMAE. Same head.
RA
galley
with rowers to the
right../E.l
Obv.M.
. . .
Same headto the left.
RA
galley
to the
left.]E.2.
C.
Obv.1VIAZ. Same head.
RAcaduceus: in the eld
II.]E.2.
C.
There are
many
varieties with dierent letters in the eld.
unda trident.]1315.
(Plate
XVI. No.
16.)
R.l.
C
47. Obv.M. Same head.
RTwo hands
joined:
above, a
pellet.}E.2.
R.7. De
la
Saussaye, p1.
xi.
Fig.
42!.
(Plate
XVI. No.
19.)
48. Obv.Bare,
aged,
beardless head, to the
right.
R__MA22.A,
}A
bull
to the
right. ]E.4. UniqueP
NQTHIA.
Ibid. 422. .
49. Obv.Headof Dianawith
quiver
to the
right.
RMAE. A bull to the
right.
]E2. R.6.
50. ObmHeadof Dianawithout the
quiver.
RA
galley
with rowers to the left. ]13.2. RJ.
51. Obv.M. Same head.
RZ
same
type.
]E2. R.1.
52. Obv.MAC.
Same head.
RMAC. A caduceus. ]R. 1 and2. R. l.
NEMAUSUS.
The
capital
of the Volcae Arecomici,
nowNismes,
one
of
the most ancient cities of
Gaul,
founded, according
to the
tradition of the
ancients, by
the
Tyrian
Hercules, who,
landing
at the mouth of the
Rhone,
hada
battle with the
sons
of
Nuptune,
when, having
exhaustedhis
quiver,
Jupi
ter assisted him
by
raining great
stones
upon
his adver
U
I46
ANCIENT cows 0F CITIES AND PnINcEs.
saries,
who
were
thus
destroyed.
Hercules
thereupon
founded
a
city,
and
gave
to it the name
of his son
Ne
mausus.
T
o
those accustomed to the
symbolism
of
antiquity,
observes M. de
laSaussaye, upon
this
myth,
this fable
suggests
the
following
historical facts: the
Phocnicians,
desirous of
establishing
their commerce
in
Gaul, were
opposed by
the
Liguri,
the
possessors
of the
country;
andthe Phmnician
slingers, having expended
their
munition,had recourse to the bouldered stones which
lay
7
around,
and which strewat this
day
the
plain
of
Crau,
situatedbetween Arles andthe sea.1 Several
inscriptions
are extant with DEONEMAVSO.2
The coins struck at Nernausus
were,
I, Gaulish; 2, Greek;
3,
colonial
autonomous; 4,
colonial
imperial;
andthe fol
lowing
are
the
principal types
:
1. Obv.Beardless
male
head, to the
left,
with
llet; behind, A.
RNEMAv. One of the
Dioscuri,
wearing
the
pileus
and
bearing
two lances,
galloping,
to the
left; above, a star of
six
points.AR.3.
R.8. De la
Saussaye,
Pl. xix. No. 1.
(Plate
XVII. No.
I.)
Mionnet describes three similar
coins, but
supposes
the head to be that
otafemale
(Descr.
t. i.
p.77).
M. de la
Saussaye
considers it the
head of the hero Nemausus.
2. Obv.Laureatedheadof
Apollo,
to the left.
RNAMAEAT. A
hog running,
to the left.}E.3. R2.
De la
Saussaye,
Pl. xix.
gs.
2, 3,
4.
(Plate
XVII. No.
2.)
These coins are
ranged
with the Chefs Gaulois
by
Mionnet. The Mar
quis Lagoy
considers the
legend
to be the Doric
form, attributable,
probably,
to the
Rhodians,
the founders of some establishments near
Nemausus.
3. Obv.Helmed
head,
with
slight
beard, to the
right.
RNEM.
COL. intwo lines,
withina laurel
garlandARI}
Ibid.
g.
5.
(Plate
XVII. No.
3.)

'
Num. de laGaule
Narbon,
p.
161.
2
Vide Gruter. andde la
Saussaye,
l. c.
a
M. de la
Saussaye gives an
inscription
with
NAMAYCATIC,
the ethnic
form of
Nemausus,
p.
163.
GALLIA.
1ft?
4. Obv.Similar
head; behind, s.
RNEM. co.
Figure holding
the hastaanda
patera; before,
two
serpents rising_}E.-'3.
R.l.
(Plate
XVII.
No.4.)
M. de la
Saussaye
considers this
type
to
represent
the
colony personied,
sacricing
to two
Agathadaemons,
and that the
following
refers to the
ceremony
of lustrationonthe occasion of the
founding
of the
colony.
Behind,
Q.
RNEM. co. An urn
reversed,
the whole withina laurel
garland.H52.
RB.
(Plate
XVII. No.
5.)
The letter
Q
on the obverse is
supposed
to indicate the
quadrans;
8 on the former marks the semis.
OCTAVIANUS AND AGRIPPA.
6. Obv.IMP. DIVI. F. Youthful heads of Octavianus and
Agrippa,
back to back;
the rst
bare,
the other with the
rostral crown.
RcoL. NEM. A crocodile beneath
a
palm
branch,
to
which a bandalett,
with
a
owing
knot,
is tied1E.7. C.
(Ilate
XVII.
No.6.)
7. Obv.Same
legend.
Heads of Octavianus and
Agrippa;
the rst
laureated,
the other with the rostral crown. In
the
eld, RP.
RSame
legend.
Similar
type
to
No.6,
with the
croco
dile chained
to,
andwith a
garland suspended
from the
palm
branch]E7. R.l.
(Plate
XVII. No.
7.)
The
portraits
on these coins bear the marks of a more advanced
age.
8. OImSimilar
legends
and
types, except
that the head of
Octavianus is crownedwith
an
oaken
crown./E.6.
ll .2.
M. de la
Saussaye
has described
fty-one
varieties of these coins,
diering chiey
in
size,
and in various counter-marks. The
type
of
the reverse indicates,
that the
colony
was founded, or at least
aug
mented, by
the veteran soldiers who eected the
conquest
of
Egypt;
andthe
band, or diadem, appended
to the
palm-branch,
would
appear
to be anemblem of the
subjugation
of the
kingly power
inthat
country.
The well~known
type
of a consular coin of the
family
Emilia,2 on
which a
kneeling figure presents
the
regal
diadem
depending
from a
branch, seems to sanction this
explanation;
but M. de la
Saussaye
is
disposed
to see in the
palm-branch
the
symbol
of lustration
already
alludedto.
"

"
Two smaller
sprigs,
or branches, issue from each side of the
perpendicular
branch,
and the whole
may
be intended to
represent
an entire
palm-tree;
but the
workmanship
of these coins is
coarse,
and leaves us in doubt as to
.the
precise meaning.
2
Descriptive Catalogue
of Rare and Unedited Roman
Coins,
voLi.
p.
22,
and
plate
ii. No. 4.
__ \ Th/12% sfmfww--'\-v_Tv
148 ANCIENTCOINS oF CITIES AND PRINCES
OXYBII
(P)
The
Oxybii
were
the
neighbours
of the Massilian
colony
of
Antipolis,
and their
money appears
to be
an
imitation
of that of the former
city.
Obv.Headof
Diana, to the
right.
ROIOIXVO.
A
lion,
walking,
to the
right.
1113.3. RB.
De la
Saussaye,
from the cabinet of the
Marquis Lagoy,
pl.
xiii.
(Plate
XVII. No.
8.)
RHODA, or RHODANUSIA.
The coins
assigned
to this town have been restored
by
Monsieur de
Longprier
to
Lycia.1
RIGOMAGENSES.
A
people
of the Maritime
Alps,
whose
capital
was
Civitas
Rigomagensium, Caturiges,
the modern
Chorges.2
1. Obv.Female head,
to the
right,
the hair boundwith
sprigs
of
olive.
RPIKO(M.)
A
lion, walking,
to the
right.
}E.3. R.8.
(Plate
XVII. No.
9.)
2. Obv.Female
head, to the
right,
the hair boundwith
sprigs
of
olive.
RPIKO. A lion,
walking,
to the
right.-AR.3.
R.7.
(Cabinet of
M de la
Saussaye.)
RUSCINO.
Ruscino
occupied
the site of the modern Castel-Rous
sillon. Monsieur Tchon
DAnnecy
was desirous of
giving
the coins here described to
Rusticana,
in
Spain,
because

Revue
Numismatique
Anne
1840,
p-
405and
451;Num. de laG. Narbon.
2
Num. de laG. N.
p.
114; D'Anville Notice, p.217.
GALLIA. 149
the sixth
legion
was
quartered
a
long
time in that
country;
but M. de la
Saussaye,
and the
Marquis
de
Lagoy, agree
in
assigning
them to Gaul.l
l. Obv.IMP. CESAR AVGVSTVS. Bare head of
Augustus,
to
the
right.
RcoL. RVS. LEG. vr.
Two
legionary ensigns.}E.4;1;.
Unique.
De la
Saussaye.
2. Same
legend,
andhead.
R-.
. . . Vv.RV
. . . .
Same
type.]E.4.
R.8.
Saussaye. (From
the
Royal Cabinet,
Paris.)
3. Same
legend,
andhead.
Br.
. .
.vv.Rvs.
. .
.Same
type.1E5.
R.8. De laSaus
saye.
(From
the Cabinet
of Avignon.)
(Plate
XVII. No.
10.)
SAMNAGENSES.
Senas? The coins here described
are
attributed
by
the
Marquis Lagoy
to the
Samnages,
or
Samnagenses,
and
the
more
perfect legend
of No. 2
places
the
appropriation
beyond
doubt. The learned
Marquis supposes
the Word
ACTIKOto
signify
yam/2,9,
and that it
was
given by
the
Samnagenses
to
Apollo,
as
their
tutelary divinity.
1. Obv.ACTIKO. Head of
Apollo,
to the
right.
REA(MNA)IHT.
Ahorned
bull,
to the
right.1B3.
R.8.
2. Headof
Diana,
to the
right.
REAMNAIHT. Similar
type1E3.
R.8.
(Plate
XVII. No.
11).
De la
SEGUSIA.
NowSuze.
l. Obv.sEGvs1A. Bust of
Minerva; behind, a
spear.
RARVS. Hercules
standing,
with
club,
and lion's skin:
near
him a small
gure, wearing
the
pallium, standing
on
a
pedestalAR.3.
R.6.
Bouteroue
gives
a coinwith Ssousumus.

'
Num. de In G.
Narbonn,
p.
195.
150 ANCIENT COINS or CITIES AND PRINCES.
2. O1m.v. s. Bust
as No. l
;
behind, a
spear.
R.Simila_r type
to that of No. 1.AR.3. R.6.
SEGOVII.
A
people
of the
Alps,
whose chief town was Sguin,
Sgouin,
or
Sgovin,
near Ssanne,
according
to Wal
kenaer.l
' '
'
Obv.Headof Dianato the
right.

RCGIOB. A
lion,
walking,
to the
right.A
1L8.
Revue
Numismatique,
vol. v.
vignette,
p.
1;
De laSaus
sage, pl.
xiv.
(Plate
XVII. No.
l2.)
SEXTANTIO.
__
'
Sextantio, or Sostantio, was situated in the
country
of
the Volcae
Arecomici, near
the
sea,
to the east of Forum
Domitii. These coins have been attributed
by
numis
matists to Sextus
Pompey;
but M. de la
Saussaye proposes
to read the
legends
sEXtantio
Felix,
and
supposes
the
letters POM to indicate the
name
of
a
magistrate.
l. Obv.sl:x. F. Bare,
beardless
head,
to the
right; behind,
s.
RT. POM. A
bull,
to the
right.
Billon 3. R.8.
De la
Saussaye, pl.xxii. g.
3.
2.
Same
legends
and
types.1E.3.
R.2.
(Walter Hawkins.)
'
(Plate
XVll. No.
13.)
SOLONIUM, SOLONUM, or
SOLO?
The coin here described
was
rst
published by
the
Baron Chaudruc de Crazannes in the Revue Numisma
tique,2
and
by
him attributed to the Solonium of
Livy,3
and Dion Cassius.
Beardless male head to the left.
An
animal, probably
a lion,
to the left.
(Plate
XVlI. No.
14.)
Obv.soLLos.
RsoLLos.
1.13.25

'
Geographie
Anc. des Gaules, tome ii.
p.
29.
2
Anne, 1844,
p.
85.
3
Lib. ciii.
EoM'n/wv
1ro>\w,
lib. xxxvii.
GALLIA. 151
TRICORII.
The Tricorii
were the
neighbours
of the
Voconces, a
people
of the
Alps,
and their
territory
is
supposed by
DAnville and Walkenaer to have been
comprised
in the
valley
of the
Drac,
between
Gap
and Grenoble.l The
coinhere described
was
rst
published
and illustrated
by
the
Marquis Lagoy,2
who
proposed
the
reading
of the
legendretrograde.
Obv.Head of
Diana, to the
right,
the hair dressed with olive
branches.
ROKIP'I. A
lion,
walking,
to
the
right; below,
K.
ARB5.
RB. De la
Saussaye, pl.
xiv.
(Plate
XVII. No.
15.)
UCETIA.
NowUzes. The
name
of Ucetia
occurs
among
those of
several other
towns,
on a
fragment
of
a
column
preserved
at
Nismes;
and M. de la
Saussaye
appears
to have
good
reason
for
attributing
to it this
unique
coin.
Obv(v)ccsrlo.
Headof
Apollo,
to the
right.
RAlion P
walking,
to the
left; above, a branch ?
De la
Saussaye, pl.
xxii.
(Plate
XVII. No.
16.)
VIENNA.
NowVienne. The
capital
of the
Allobroges.
Vienna,
under the Roman
dominion,
became one
of the most
opu
lent and
ourishing
cities of Gaul. M. de la
Saussaye
observes,
that the ruins of its
gigantic
monuments,
numer
ous
inscriptions,
and the coins here describe
1,
attest its
ancient
splendour.

'
De la
Saussaye,
Num. de laGaule
Narboun,
p.
117.
2
Notice, p.-29.
152 ANCIENT COINS 01- CITIES AND PRINCES
l. Obv.mr. CAESAR DIVI. ivLI. mvr. 1?. Bare heads,
back
to back,
of J. Caesar and Octavianus.
Rc. I. v. The
prow
of a
galley,
with a mast,
andlower
or
fore-castle
rising
from the deck.1}E.9. R.4.
.
Obv.IMP. DIVI. F.
Bare
heads,
back to back,
of Octavia
nus
and
Agrippa.
RNo
legend.
The
prow
of a
galley;
above, a disc or
buckler.1E.8. RA.
(Plate
XVIII. No.
l.)
3. Obv.Same
legend.
Bare headof Octavianus to the
right.
Rc. I. v. The
prow
of
a
galley,
with fore-castle.}E.8.
Perhaps unique.
De la
Saussaye,
from the Cabinet
of
ill.
de
Saulcy. (Plate
XVIII.
No.2.)
4. Obv.cAESAR. Bare headof Octavianus to the
right.
RNo
legend.
The
prow
of a
galley,
with a small
square
tower.1E.8. R.3.
M. de la
Saussaye
cites an
example
inthe
Royal
Cabinet of
Paris,
with
the
prow
ornamented.
5. Obv.Same
legend.
Same head. A
dolphin
in countermark.
RA
galley
with a mast.1E.8. R.5.
These
types
have been classed
by
Vaillnnt and
by
Hardouin to Valentin
in
Spain,
but the more
judicious
Pellerin
assigned
them to Vienne, a
classication which has been
adopted by
M. de la
Saussaye,
who ob
serves,
that their
similarity
to those of the
money
of a
neighbouring
colony (Lugdunum Copia)
andtheir
provenance,"
both
justify
the
appropriation.2
VOCONTII.
The Vocontii
were, according
to
Pliny,3
the
neighbours
of the
Cavari,
andStrabo
says they
were
governedby
their
own laws,4
like the Volcae. These coins were
assigned
to
them
by
the
Marquis Lagoy,
an
appropriation
which has
been
approved
and conrmed
by
other French numis
matists.
I. Obv.Headto the
right.
Rvooc. A horse
galloping
to the lef't.AR.3. R.8.
De la
Saussaye, pl.
xvi.
g.
1.
(Plate
XVIII.
No.3.)

'
Num.
Imp.
in Col.
cusis,
vol. i.
p.
5.
Num de laGaule Narbonn,

p.
131.
3
Hist. Nat. Lib. iii. c. 4.
Lib. lv.
GALLIA. 153
2. Obv.Row
(sic).
Helmedheadof
Pallas,
to the
right.
RvocvNT. A horsemanwith a lance,
galloping
to the
right.
Ibid.
g.2. (Plate
XVIII. No.
4.)
3. Obv.vocoNTu. Beardless
head, to the
right.
RA
hog, standing
to the left.AR.4. 11.8.
Lambert,
pl.x. g.
4.
'
VOLC/ZEARECOMICI.
The
territory
of these
people comprised
the districts now
known
as A
gd, Lodeve,
Montpelier,
Uzcs, Nismes,
and
Alais. On the fall of
Massilia,
it became
tributary
to the
Romans,
and
Nemausus,
its
capital (Nismes),
was
made the
chief town of the
colony.1
l. Obv.Bare
head,
to the
right ;
before,
1R.
RvoLc. between the
spokes
of
a
wheeLARJ5.
R.8.
Ibid.
g.
6.
(Plate
XVIII. No.
5.)
2. Obv.Head of
Diana,
to the
right: before,
1R.
RVOLc. An
eagle
with
expanded wings, holding
a
palm
branch
horizontally
in
one claw,
anda
garland
inthe
other;
the whole within a laurel
garland.53.2%.
R.6. Ibid.
g.
7.
(Plate
XVIII. No.
6.)
3. Obv.-voLcAE. Head of
Diana, to the
right;
before
a
gar
land.
RAREc. A
togatedgure, standing
to the
left; before,
a
branch of laurel.1E.3. R.l. Ibid.
g.
9.
(Plate
XVIII.
No.7.)
VOLC]ETESTOSAGES.
The Volcae
Testosages
were a
people inhabiting
that
part
of Gaul
nowknown as
Haut
Languedoc.
Their coins
were for
a
long
time confounded with those of the Volcae
Arecomici,
but their different
style,
and the occurrence
of

'
Walkenaer,
Tome 1''. De la
Saussaye, p.
150.
X
154 ANCIENT cents oF CITIES AND PRINCES
' ' _
"54W, A
,~1~.,/ .
voL
only,
without the AR in
monogram,
or
the letters
AREC.
ledthe
Marquis Lagoy
to
assign
them to the former
people,
an
appropriation
since sanctioned
by
the ablest
French numismatists.1
1. Obv.Laureated head of
'Apollo,
to the left.
RVOL.
A horse
galloping,
to the
left; below, a
wheel
with four
spokes.A113.
C. De la
Saussaye,
Il xviii.
g.
4.
(Plate
XVIII. No. 8.
2. Obv.Rude head of
Apollo (P)
to the left.
RA
cross,
as on Mediaeval
coins,
in the
angles
of which
are various unknown
symbols,
and
an
axe.AR.3. C.
See the Revue
Numismatique, Anne, 184l,
p.
155,
and Pl. vi. and vii.
where are
engravedmany
varieties,
of these rude but
singular
andin
teresting
coins.

'
M. de la
Saussaye
has some
judicious
remarks in the Revue Numisma
tique
Anne, 1838,
p.230,
on these coins, which he
observes, are of
pure
Gaulish
type,
while those which are known to have beenstruck
by
the Volcaa
Arecomici are modelledon the Roman
type,
and that all we can be certain
ot'is. that
they belong
to one or the other of the Volcae:
however,
in a
recent communicationwith which he has favoured
me,
he waives his
objec
tion,
and
assigns
to the Volcae
Testosages
all the coins inscribed VOL
only.

155
GALLIALUGDUNENSIS.
HEDUI.
THE
capital
of the
ZEdui, or Hedui, was
Autun. The two
rst coins here described
were
originally publishedby
the
Marquis Lagoy. They
are
imperfectly
struck. M. de la
Saussaye
veries their
appropriation
to the
ZEdui,
and
speaks
of other
examples
foundin the
neighbourhood
of
Autnn,
on
which
are
the letters
one which he
supposes
to be the
name
of
some
Gaulish chieftain.l
l. Obv.anvrs. Beardless
head, to the
right.
RThe
forepart
of a wolf
(P),
to the
right.AR.3.
R.l.
Lagoy,
Notice,
p.38.
2. Obv.EDVIS. Beardless
head, to the
right.
RAwolf
(P), walking,r
to the
right; below,
effaced letters.
All.3. 1L1. Ibid.
p.
38.
pl.
xxiii.
(Plate
XVIII. No.
9.)
LITAVICUS, chief
I. Obv.Female
head,
to the
right ;
before, a
sceptre
RLl'ravicos. A horseman
galloping,
to the
right;
hear
ing
a standard,
surmounted
by
the
gure
of a
hog.AR.3.
R.8.
(Plate
XVIII. No.10.
2. Obv.Female
head, behind,
C.
; before,
three circles.
RLITA. A horseman with a
standard
galloping,
to the
right.AR.3.
R.l.
Boutc-roue2
was the rst to
assign
the coins of the
type
No.
2, to the
chief
Litavicus, mentioned
by Caesar;3
but Pellerinl
questioned
the
appropriation.
All doubt
has, however,
been removed
by
the dis
covery
of the coin No.
1,
rst.
published by
the
Marquis Lagoy.5
It
was found with others
bearing
LITAonly, near
Lyons.

'
Revue
Numismatique Anne, 1838,
p.
300.
2
Recherches,
p.
49.
3
Bell. Gall.
Lib,
vii. c.31.
'
Recueil,
vol. i.
p.
32.
5
Notice,
p.
37.
156 ANCIENT COINS oF orrms AND PRINCES.
ABALLO.
NowAvalon.
Obv.Male head, to the
right.
RABALLO. A male
walking,,to
the
right.}E.3.
11.8.
Pellerin, Mionnet,
Descript.
Tome I"
p.
59. Eckhel D.
N. V. vol. i.
p.
72.
AGEDINCUM SENONUM.
Now
Sens, on the site of
which, as
well as at Melun and
at Meaux
(towns
once
comprised
with Paris in the Archi
episcopal province
of
Sens)
uninscribedcoins of
potin
of the
same
time
as
the
following,
have been discovered
by
M. de
Longprier.l
ObznAIHA, retrograde.
Two
goats
on their hind
legs,
face to face;
the whole within a beaded circle.
RA
hog
and some other animal on their hind
legs,
face to
face;
between them a beaded
circle,
with
a
point
in the
centre.Potin
45 (Royal
Cabinet, Paris).
(Plate
XVIII. No.
11.)
See
Rudings plate,
where a
piece
of the same
type,
but without
inscrip
tion,
is
engraved among examples
of Ancient British coins.
ANDECAVI.
Now
Angers.
were
assigned
to the Andecavi
by
Bouteroue and
Pellerin,
and
are ad
mitted
by
Eckhel.2
l. Obv.DI. COM.
Helmed
head,
to the left.
RANDEc. A horse at
liberty,
to
the
left.]E2. R.4.
(Mionnet,
tom.i.
p.80.)

Revue
Numismatique Anne, 1844,
p.
165. M. de
Longprier
was the
rst to
assign
these coins to their
proper locality,
Mionnet
having attempted
no explanation
ofthis inscribed
example (See
his
Suppl.
Tome 1" No.
205).

Doct. N. Vet. Vol. i.
p.
72.
'

GALLIA.
157
.
ObnHelmed
head,
to the
left; behind, a
symbol.
RAnnac. A
horseman, to the
right.E.3.
R4.
(Lam
bert, pl.
x. No.2.)
'
.
Obv.-ANDECOM. Rude
head,
to the
right.
RANDEcoM. A horse
bridled,
galloping,
to the
left;
below, a boar
(Ibid.
No.
1). (Plate
XVIII.
No.12.)
.
Obv.Annr.c.
Type
similar to that of No. 2.
RNo
legend.
An
equestrian gure,
to the
right.]13.
R.4.
(Ibid.
No.
3.)
AULERCI-EBUROVICES.
The
capital
of these
people
was Evreux.
.
OImAvuncvs. Helmed
head, to the left.
RA
winged gure, holding up
a wreath before
a lion
rampant;
below, a
hog,
and
(D.]E.5. R.4.
Compare
Mionnet,
Descr.
p.80.
No.206-
Lambert,
pl.
viii. No. 24.
(Plate
XVIII. No. 13
)
M. Lambert
gives
this curious coin to the Aulerci Cenomani. It is in
the
Royal
Cabinet at Paris.
.
Obv.AvL1aco. Ahorse
galloping,
to the
right;
below, a star.
REavaovrco Iv. A
hog,
to the
right;
below, an
unknownsymbol.]E.5.
R.4.
.
Obv.nvcvrx
(sic).
Female
head, to the
right; below,
a
hog,
andseveral
symbols.}E.3.
R.4.
.
Obv.EBVROVICos. The
gure
of a
hog, apparently
sur
mounting
a standard.
RAVLI....Ahorse,
galloping,
to the
right.
]E4. R.4.
.
Obv.-EBVR. A
hog,
as
No. 4.
RAvLmc. A horse
galloping,
to the
right;
below, a
star of ve
points.}E5.
R.4.
(Plate
XIX.
No.1.)
.
Obv.IBnvnI.
Diademedfemale
head,
to the
right.
RAhorse
galloping
to the
left; below,
a
hog ; before,
a
branch; above,
two
symbols]E3.
RA.
158 sucmn'r COINS oF cruise AND PRINCES
CABALLODUNUM.
NowChalons sur
Saone.
Obv.Youthful head,
with
diadem,
to the
right.
R.CABALLO. Abull,
butting.AR.3.
R.6. Bouteroue.
CALETES.
The Caleti or Caletes were a
people inhabiting
the
country
on
the north bank of
the
Seine, now
known as
the
Pays
de Caux. These coins
are,
in
type,
rude
copies
of
the consular
denarii,
though aparently adjusted
to the
weight
ofthe
quinarius. They
are
generally
struck
onan
imperfect
an of
metal, which,
consequently,
leaves the
legend
in
complete.
The
unusually perfect specimen
here described
is
given by
M. de la
Saussaye,
in the Revue Numisma
tique.1
Obv.Winged
helmed
head, to the
left; behind,
the mark of
the Roman
Denarius,
x.
RKAATAOT. Ahorse
galloping,
to the left.AR.3.
12.1.
(Plate
XIX.
No.2.)
CARNUTES.
The Camutes inhabitedthe
country
known
as
the
Pays
Chartrain. The
only
coins attributed to them
are
those of
'IASG
ETIUS, chief:
Obv.AKSOOYIX. Head of
Apollo,
to the
right; behind,
an
ivy
leaf.
RTASSIITIOS.
Pegasus.}E.4.
R2.
(Plate
XIX. No.
3.)
This coin is
engraved
and described
by
M. de la
Saussaye
in the Revue
Numismatique.2
The
example
edited
by
Pellerinabears
Tassjilios,
which, as M. de la
Saussaye remarks,
has a more
striking analogy
to
Tusgetius, which,
it is
scarcely necessary
to
observe,
is the name
latiuised
by
Cazsar.

'
Anne'e,1838,
p.
302.
2
lb.
1836,
p
Land
p.
138.
a
Tom. 1".
pl.
vi. No.33.
Bell. Gall. lib. v. c. 25.

W
W
W
GALLIA. 159
COPIA.
(See Lugdunum Copia.)
CORILISSUS.
Obv.CORIAICCOC....Bare beardedheadto the
right.
RA
lion,
walking
to the
right./E.4.
R.2.
(Royal
cabinet, Paris
) (Plate
XIX. No. 4
)
This coin is
given by
Lelewel to
Remi;
but M. Anatole
Barthlemy.
in
the Revue
Numismatique (unne 1842,
p.
403), assigns
it to the
Pagus Corilissus,
inthe
territory
of the Abricantui, and
supposes
the
specimen
cited
by
Lelewel to have been ill
preserved.
FELIKOVESI
0)
These
very
singular
coins,
of which two
examples
are
given
in
our
plate,
are
described
by
M. Dureau de la
Malle,
in
a
communication to the
Revue'Numismatiqu e,
and
by
him
supposed
to bear the
name
of
a
prince
of the
Aulerci Cenomani.
l. Obv.Rude headof
Apollo,
to the
right.
RrELlKovEsI. The head of a horse,
to the
right.
AR.3.
(Plate
XIX. No.
6.)
2. Obv.Male beardless
head, to the
right.
RKESIO. The head of a horse, to the left.AR.3.
(Plate
XIX. No.
5.)
LEXOVII.
A
people inhabiting
the
country
now
known
as the
Pays
de
Lisieux, Noviomagus (Lisieux) being
the
capital.
The
coin here describedwas
rst
published by
M. de laSaus
saye,
in the Revue
Numismatique.2
VIRIDOVIX, chief?
l. Obv.Llxovro. Head of
Apollo,
to the
right.
R
..OVIX.
A horse
(?)
to the
right;
above, an arrow
(P)
between two
pellets; below,
a wlleel.fE.3. R.8.
(Plate
XIX. No.
7.)

'
Anne, 1839, p.321, pl.xiv.
2
Anne
1841,
p.
345.
160 ANCIENT COINS oF CITIES AND PRINCES.
CISIAMBOS
CATTOS, chief.
l. Obv.sIMISsos PVBLICos LIXOVIO. A kind of
cross,
within
a radiatedcircle.
Rcisumeos CATTOS VEncoanc'ro.
An
eagle,
with
expandedwings.EA.
RA.
(Plate
XIX. No.
8.)
2. Obv.cIslAMBos. Rude male beardless
head,
to the
right.
R....sEM1ssos LEXOVIO. An
eagle,
as on No.1.
}E.4. R.4.
(Rollim)
Revue de la Num. Franc.
Anne
1836,
vignette, p.
13.
These
very
interesting
coins were attributed
by
the Baron Merchant to
a chief of the
IEdui;
but the
specimens
which came under his
eye
appear
to have been ill
preserved.
The
examples
here described are
illustrated
by
M. de
Saulcy,
in a communication to the Revue de la
Numismatique Francaise.
The
legends
are thus read
by
that numis
matist:Semis
of
the
Lexovians,
Cisiambos
Cattos, Vergobret.2
The
Baron Marchant
supposed
that the
Gauls,
after their
subjugation,
abandoned the Greek
monetary designations,
and thus
exchanged
Dichalchos for Semissue.
LUGDUNUM COPIA.
Now
Lyons. Lugdunum,
or
Lugudunum,3
was
the
capital
of Gallia
Lugdunensis,
and
was
founded
3.0.
43,
by
Munatius
Plancus, who,
it is
said,
gave
it the
name,
in
honor of
Lugdus,
an
ancient Celtic
king.
The
name
of
Copia
occurs on
several
marbles,
cited
by
Gruter.1
1. Obv.Headof
Victory,
to the
right.
RLvcnvNi. A lion
walking,
to the
right;
in the
eld,
A and xL.AR.3. R.2.
(Plate
XIX. No.
9.)
JULIUS CESAR AND AUGUSTUS.
Obv.mvr. IVLI. IMP. CIESAR DlVl. F. The heads of Caesar
and
Augustus,
back to
back;
between
them, a
palm
branch.
RcoPIA. The
prow
of a
galley,
with
a mast; above, a
star. ]E9. R.2.
(Plate
XIX. No.
10.)
There
are varieties.

'
Anne1836, p.6l4.
2
Vergobret
is consideredto be a Celtic title.
3
A coin of
Antony
bears LvGvnvNr.
'
Copiawas, perhaps, originally

an
epithet.
Coins of Albinus bear the
legend
GEN. we.
1,ALLIA.
161
AUGUSTUS.
ObtnCJESAR llvl. F. Bare head of
Augustus.
RcoPlA. A bull. to the
right.}E.3.
R.8. Mionnet,
Descr.
Supp.
vol.i.
p.
I48,
from Panel.
REMI.
NowRheims.
I. ObmRamos ATISIOS.
Beardless
head,
to the
left; behind,
a
symbol.
RAlion
running,
to the
left; below, a
garland (or
a
dolphin);
andon some a
symbol.-]E.4.
R2.
2. ObZLREMO. Three male
heads,
side
by side,
to the left.
RA
gure
in a
biga,
to the leftEB. R2.
(British
Museum.) (Plate
XIX. No.
II.)
3. ObmThree
heads,
side
by
side, to the left.
RREM0. A
gure
in a
biga,
to the left.]E.3. R.l.
ROTOMAGUS.
NowRouen.
l. Obv.sv'rlcos. Female
head, to
the
right.
RRATVMACos. Two horses
coupled,
to the
right.
1E.4. ILo.
(Plate
XIX. No.
12.)
2. Obv.RA'rvMAcos.
Female head,
to the
right
RA
horseman, galloping,
to the
rigllt.[ E.4.
R6.
(Plate
XIX. No.
13.)
3. Obusv'licos. Female
head,
to the
right.
RTwo horses
coupled, galloping,
to the
right.
ZE.4.
1L6.
SEQUANI.
The
territory
of the
Sequani lay
between the
Rhone
and
the Arar. Their
capital
was
Vesontio
(Besangon). Though
the
legends
of these coins
are
invariably
curtailed,
they
are, by
universal
consent, assigned
to the
Sequani.
I. Obv.Rude
head,
to the left.
Ik(SEJQVANO.
A
hog,
(Plate
XIX.
No.17.)
2. ObnSimilar
types,
but without
legend.
AR.2. C.
(British illuseum.)
_
(Plate
XIX. No.
l6.)
Y
I62
ANClEN'l COINS or Cl'llES AND PRINCES.
SENONES.
The
capital
of the Senones
was
Sens. The
names on
these coins
are
supposed
to be those of Gaulish chiefs. M.
de la
Saussaye
supposes
that the letters CALEDV
may
signify Caledunum,
the name
of the
locality
in which
they
were
struck,
and that the two
legends together probably
signify
Culedunum Summon-1
.
1. Obv.senonom Beardless
head,
to the lef
.
RcALEDv. Ahorse at
liberty,
to the left.-AR.3. R.l.
(Plate
XIX. No.
l4.)
2. Obv.A'[ EVLI. Beardless
bust,
with a collar, or
torques,
and
wings
on the shoulders.
RvLATos. A lion
(P)
to the
right; below,
a
pentagon ;
above, 00;
in
the
exergue,
a
cresceut.AR.3.
(Plate
XIX. No.
15.)
VELIOCASSES.
The
capital
of the Veliocasses was
Rouen. The coin
No.1
was
published by
the
Marquis Lagoy,
who
proposed
to
assign
it to the
Elvi, or Helvii;
but M. de la
Saussaye
gives
it to the
Veliocasses, an
attribution which is
strength
ened
by
the circumstance of the
name
Suticos
being
found
on the
money
of
Rotomagus.2
I. Obv.sv'ricos. Beardless
head,
to the
right.
RELIOCAQI.
A horse at
liberty, galloping,
to the
right;
in the
eld,
00,
and other
symbols.
ARA.
Lagoy,
Notice,
pl.
xxxiii.
(Plate
XIX. No.
18.)
2. Obv.-...v'ricos. Headof
Apollo (?)
to the
right;
before, a
quartfoil;
below,
Q.
RAn ox
walking,
to the
right;
below, a
hog;
in the
eld, (D,
and
other
symbols.AIMS.
De la
Saussaye,
Revue
Numismatique,
anne
1840,
plate
xvii. No. 12.

He thinks Caledunum
may
be Chuumont
(Rev.
Num. anne'e
1840,
p. 180).
"
Rev. Num. anne
1838, p.307.

GALLIA- 163
VESONTIO.
The
capital
of the
Sequani,
now
Besaneon.
The coin
here describedwas
rst noticed in the Revue de laNumis
matique Frangoise1 by
the
Marquis Lagoy,
who observes
that the
type
is
altogether Gaulish,
and that the
legend
BISO
bears no
analogy
to the
orthography
of
any
other
city
of Gaul.
Obv.nlso.
retrograde.
An
equestrian gure,
to the
left, wear
ing
a kind of helmet.
RAn
ox, standing,
to the
right;
above,
the head of
an
ox,full-faced;
in the
eld,
two
symbols.H13.
(Plate
XX. No.
l.)
'
Anne'e 1837,
p.
405.
164
ANCIENT cows 0F CITIES AND PRINCES
GALLIA
BELGICA.
AGRIPPINA.
The modern
Cologne.
Ob1J.POS'IVMVS P. F. Avo. Radiatedhead of Posthumus.
RcoL. CL. AGIHP. cos. 1111.
Equity, standing,
with
scales and
cornucopia}E5.
R.8.
CATALAUNUM.
NowChalons sur Marne. The rst of these coins is
given by
M. de la
Saussaye.1
An
example
somewhat
similar is
engraved by
Pellerin.2
l. Obv.CATAL. or CATAA.
Helmed
head, to the
right.
Rf-Alion, walking,
to the
right:
below, a
hog:
in the
eld,
two
symbols.}E.4.
RA.
2. Obv.Simila'r
legend.
Headof
Mars, to the left.
RAn
eagle, standing
on a thunderbolt: in the
eld, a
vase.}EA. R.4.
Mionnet,
Descript.
vol. i.
p.
81,
Nos.
2I
l,
212.
Pellerin,
Rec.
pl.
iv. No. 16.
EBURONES.
Nowthe
Pays
de
Liege.
l. Obv.Helmed beardless
head,
to the
right.
REBVR. A helmed
to the
right.
AR.3. [ 1.4.
-
2. (HunSame
hearl.
REBVRO.
Same
type.AR.3.
R.4.
(Plate
XX. No.
2.)

Revue Numismatique,
anne
1840, p1.
xviii. No. I.
1
Recueil,
Planche iv. No. 17.
GALLIA.
165
CHIEFS OF THE EBURONES.
l. Olw.Helmed
head,
to the
right.
RAmalomx. An
a
spear,
to
the
right.
AR.4. R.4.
Pellerin,
Rec.
pl.
iv. No. 19.
2. Obv.Same
types,
with
TAMBIL. AR. R.4. Mionnet,
Descr. vol. i.
p.
83.
The name Tambil is
supposed, by
French
numismatists,
to be that of a
Gaulish
chief, predecessor
of
Ambiorix, as the Eburones were
crushed
by
Caesar after the defeat of the latter.' The coin inscribed
COM.,
and
engraved
in Pl. XX. No. 15,
is
probably
of some chief of
this
people.
LEUCI.
The Leuci
were
the
neighbours
of the Mediomatrici
and
the
Sequani.
are
published by
M. de la
Saussaye,
who founds his
appropriation
on
the fact
of their
being constantly
discovered in
great
numbers in
Lorraine?
'IOGIRIX, Chief.
l.
ObU.TOGIRIX,
in rude characters. Rude
head,
to the left.
RTooIR. in rude characters. A
horse,
galloping,
to the
left. AR.2. C.
(Plate
XX. No.
3.)
2. ObYLTOG. Helmedbeardless
head,
to the left.
RToo. A
lion,
running,
to the
right.
Bil. 4. 11.1.
(Plate
XX. No.
5.)
3. Obv.Another,
of ruder
work,
with TOGIR. on the reverse.
Bil. 4. C.
(Plate
XX. No.
6.)
4. Obv.Rude beardless
head, to the left.
RToc. A
horse,
galloping,
to the left. Bil. 4.
(Plate
XX. No.
7.)
5. Obv.ivLIvs.
Rude head.
RToolru. A
horse, galloping,
to the left. AR. 4. RB.
(Plate
XX. No.
4.)
M. de la
Saussaye observes, onthe name of
Julius,
which occurs on this
coin,
that it
probably
denotes that
Togirix
was a chief attachedto the
Romans. See the coin of Duratius, chief of the
Pictones, on which
the name of Julius
appears.

'
See the remarks of the
Marquis Lagoy
in his
Notice,
p.
89.
2
Revue
Numismatique,
anne
1840,
p.
184.
166
ANCIENT colNs OF CITIES AND PRINCES.
6. Obv.Anothor with
QJVLI.
Al{.3. R.7.
Thirteen coins with this form of
legend
were discovered
at
Dol,
in
Brittany,
a few
years
since.
See the coins of chiefs described under Solimariaca.
MAGUSA.
The
very
remarkable coin here
described, was commu
nicated
by
the
Marquis Lagoy
to the Revue Numis
matique;2
and
by
him
supposed
to have been the
money
of
a
Batavian
city,
named
Magusa.
This
supposition
is
founded
on
inscriptions
discoveredat West
Capel,
andother
places
in
Batavia,
bearing
HERCVLI.
MAGVSANO,
and
on the well-known coins of
Postumus,
with
a
legend
thus
inscribed.
Obv.MAGvs.
Helmed beardless
head, to the
right.
RAseahorse, to the
right..\R.3.
H.8
(Plate
XX. No.
8.)
MEDIOMATRICI.
NowMetz.
l. Obv.Head of Minerva, to the
right.
RMEnlo. An
equestrian gure
to the
right, bearing
a
spean}E.
R.6.
Pellerin,
pl.
iv.
g.
29.
2. Obv.Same head.
RMEDIOMA.
A
Pegasus.1E3.
R.7.
Mionnet, from
Hardouin.
SOLIMARIACA.
A
city
of the
Leuci, nowSoulosse.
l. Obv.-Female head, to the
left; before, a
symbol resembling
a
branch or
tendril.
RsoLrMA. A horse
unbridled, galloping,
to the
left;
above,
Victory scattering
owers. El.4. RevI Num.
an
ne
1838,
pl.
xvi.
g.
1.
Proceedings
of the Num. Soc. of
London. Session 1843-44,
p.
3.
QAnne'e
1840, p.16.

GALLIA-
167
.10
[ O
Obv.Similar head.
RsoLlMA. Ahorse
galloping,
to the
left;
above
__
EZ.4. 1L7. Ibid.
g.
2.
Obv.Similar
head,
without
symbol.
R8. A horse
galloping,
to the left
;
above, an
eagle
withexpanded wings.
ObD.sOLIMA. Beardless
head, to the left.
RAhorse
galloping,
to the left
; below,
a shell-sh.
A1L2.
(Plate
XX.
No.10.)
Obv.soLIMA. Beardless
head, to the left.
RAhorse
bridled,
galloping,
to the
left; below, a
shell
sh. AR.3.
(Plate
XX. No.
9.)
OIMLSOLIMA. Beardless
head,
to the
right.
RCOAIMA. Similar
type.
AR.3. R.3.
anne
1838,
p.409.
Rev.
Num.,
.
Obv.COAIMA- Similar head.
RCOAIMA. Similar
type.
anne 1836,
pl.
iii.
g.
l3.
See a
very interesting
dissertation on these coins
by
M. de la
Saussaye
(Rev. Numismatique,
anne
1838,
p. 405),
who
supposes
the head
on the reverse to be that of the Gaulish
goddess
Solimara.
AR.3. 11.3. Rev.Nu!n.,
CHIEFS.
. ObmHead, as on the
preceding
coins.
RABvcATo. A horse
galloping,
to the
left; above, a
bird,
with
expanded wings;
below,
GOO.
EZA. 11.6.
Rev.
Num.,
anne
1838,
p.411.
.
Obv.ABVDos. The same head,
with
a
collar,
or
torques.
RAsvnos. Ahorse and
symbols,
as No. I. El.4. 11.4.
Ibid.
p.41I.
ObtnSame
legend
and
type.
RABVDS. Same
type
and
symbols,
without the bird.
El.4. 1L4. Ibid.
p.412.
Obv.Avr.o|B.
Head, to the
right.
I
M. dc la
Saussaye supposes
the head on the coins of the Cambiovicemes
and Cambolectri to be that of the Gauiish
goddess
Cambona.
168 ANCIENT coms OF crrnzs AND PRINCES
RsoL|MA. A
bird,
with
expandedwings,
to the left;
in the
eld, a crescent. AV. 1L8. Ibid.
p.412.
M. de la
Saussaye observes,
that there is
nothing
in the
fabric
of this
coin to
identify
it with the other
pieces
of Solimariaca, andthat it is
worthy
of
observation,
that the
bird, on other
examples merely
acces
sory,
is here the
principal type
of the reverse.
OimHead to the
left,
with the
torques.
OI
RABVDOs. A horse
galloping,
to the left
; above,
00
E3. R.2. Ibid.
p.413.
0
6. Obv.Same head.
RAnvnon. Same
type
and
symbols.
]E3. R.2.
7. Another,
with
AVDos.
]E.3. R.2. Ibid.
p.
413.
8. Ob1J.ABV
. . . .
Same head.
RA
pegasus,
to the
left; below, AB. ]E.3. 1L6. Ibid.
p.
4 [ 3.
M. de la
Saussaye remarks,
that he discovered this coin himself in So
logne,
in the ancient ruins of the
village
of Teil, near the Roman road
from Tours to
Bourges.
9. Obv.Same
head,
with the
torques.
5c.
. . . lVNIS
Typeas
No.5. 1115.3. R.l. Ibid.
p.
414.
10. Obv.Same head.
RHAPOE.
Type
as No.9. ]E3. R.6. Ibid.
p.414.
TORNACUM.
Now
Tournay.
Olw.DvRNAcos. Helmed beardless
head,
to the
right.
RAVSCRO. A horseman
bearing
a
spear, galloping,
to
the
right.
AR.3. C.
(Webster) (Plate
XX. No.
11.)
UBII.
The Ubii were a
people occupying
the
country
on the
borders of the
Rhine,
their
capital being
the
city
now
called
Cologne.
Obv.NIDI. Headto the
right,
with
a collar of
pearls ; before,
a star.
GALLIA. 169
RvBI. Ahorse,
galloping,
to the
right:
in the
eld, a
star and three circles. AR.3. R.l.
Mionnet, vol. i.
p.
92.
The
Marquis Lagoy
thinks that Nidi is the name of some unknown
chief of the Ubii.
VEROMANDUI.
The modern Vermandois.
l.
Obv.VER.
. .
A
horse,
to the
right:
above, a
wheel: inthe
eld, a
symbol.
R.
. .
VE. A
lion,
to the
right;
a
monogram
andc.
IE.4.
R.l.
Lagoy, Notice,
p.
43.
2. OIIIi-VERO. A
horse,
galloping,
to the
right:
above,
a
wheel.
RvE. A
lion, to the
right: behind,
IO.
]E4.
Lagoy,
Notice,
p.
43.
VIRODUNUM.
NowVerdun.
Obv.VIRODv. Helmedbeardless
head,
to the
right.
RTvRocA. An
equestrian gure
with a
spear, gallop
ing,
to the
right.
AR.4. R.4. Bouteroue.
Mionnet,
Descript.
vol. i.
p.84.

'
Notice,
p.
42.
170 ANCIENT COINS or CITIES AND PRINcEs.
ISLANDADJACENTTOGALLIA.
CJESAREA.
Now
Jersey.
It is
very
probable
that the coins known
among
Numismatists
by
the
designation
of the
Jersey type,
were minted in this
island, although specimens
have occa
sionally
been discovered in
England.
An
example
is
en
graved
in the
Numismatic
Chronicle,
Vol. I.
pl.
i.
g. 12,
also in Hawkinss
Silver
Coinage
of
England, pl.
i.,
g. 14,
and
Rudings
Annals of the
Coinage
of Great
Britain, &c.,
pl.
iii.,
gs. 49, 50;
and the
speculative
anti
quary may
ndfood for
conjecture
in the Baron
Donop's
account,
with
engravings,
of several hundred coins of this
type
discovered in
Jersey
a
few
years
since,
and
supposed
by
that writer to be
designed
varieties
illustrating
the
worship
of Indian divinities !
UNCERTAINCOINSOF GALLIA.
.
Obv.Female
head, to the
right.
RTwo
equestrian gures holding
the lituus
(P), proceed
ing
to the
right.
AV.3.
(Plate
XX. No.
18.)
This coin furnishes an
example
of an imitatedGreek
type.
H
[ 0
.
Obv.N1NNO. Bare male
head, to the left.
RNINNO. A
hog standing,
to the
left.AR.2.
1L1.
(Plate
XX. No.
13.)
3. Obv.Helmed beardless
head, to the
right.
RcoM. A
horseman,
galloping,
to the
right.AR.3.
C.
(Plate
XX. No.
15.)
This coin
closely
resembles that
engraved
in P1. xx.
No.2,
both
being
imitations of the consular denarius.
UNCER'IAINcoms 0F GALLIA. 171
4. ObZI-PIXTILos. Beardless
head, to the loft.
_ _
RPegasus galloping,
to the
left;
in the
eld, a
pentagon
andother
symbols.
1E.4. C.
(Plate
XX. No.
16.)
5.
Obv.I'1xTIL. Beardless
head,
to the left.
Rrl.
Pegasus trampling
on a
prostrate
human
gure.
}EA.
C.
(Plate
XX. No.
14.)
6. Obv.I* IcT1Los. Beardless
head, to the
right,
with the
pa
ludamentum.
RAhorse
galloping,
to the
right,
surrounded
by
unknown
symbolsAR.4.
R.4.
Mionnet,
Descr. vol. i.
p.
92.
7. Obv.PlxTiL
or PIXTILOS.
Head,
to the
right.
RA
bird,
with
expanded wings, standing
ona
serpent (F)
within a
distyle temple:
in the
eld,
six
globules.1E3.
C. Ibid.
p.
93,
Nos. 99 and
100;
Rev.
Num., 1837,
pl.
iii.
g.
13.
8. (HmSame
legend
andhead.
RSame
legend.
A
bird,
with
on a human hand,
which holds a branch
bearing
fruit.
}E.3. C. Ibid. No.
101;
Rev.
Num., 1837,
pl.
iii.
g.
3.
.
Olw.Same
legend
andhead.
RA
dog turning
and
seizing
a lizard.]E4. R.l. Ibid.
103;
Rev. Num.
1837,
pl.
iii.
g.
15.
10. Obv.1T1x'ru.os.
Helmed
head,
to the
right.
RA
winged
horse,
with a birds head, to the
right:
below,
a
symboL1E.4.
R.1. Ibid. No. 105.
ll. GinaSame
legend
andhead.
_
RA
wingedgure,
on horseback,
bearing
a
palm:
below,
a
symbol.]E.3.
1L1. Ibid. No. 106. Rev. Num.,
1837, pl.
iii.
g.
14.
12. Obv.Same
legend
andbead.
RT'lx'rlLos. A lion to the left:
above, (9@z below,
a
cornucopia]E.3.
R.1.
13. Obv.Same
legend.
Bare beardless
head,
to the
right.
RAseatedfemale
gure,
to the left,
holding
in her hand
an
object resembling
the acrostolium: oneach
side, a
plant:
below, a crab.-~}E.3. R 2. Mionnet,
Descr.
Supp.
vol. i.
p.
158,
No.
68;
Rev.
Num.,
Anne 1837,
pl.
iii.
g.
16.
The
preceding
tencoins are supposed
to bear the name of a Gaulish
chief,
Pixtilos or
Pichtil. M. de la
Saussaye
observes that
they
are
found
constantly
in the central
provinces
of
France,
andthat Pixtilos
probably governed
one of the towns of the Arverni.
i
'
Revue Numismatique,
anne 1838,
p.
144.
172
ANCIENT colNs oF CITIES AND PRINCES
14. OinaHeadof
Apollo (P)
with short curls.
RA
winged gure
astride an
arrow,
to the left. AV. 3.
(Plate
XX.
No.17.)
This
very
remarkable coin has been
published by
M. de la
Saussaye.
The
type
is
supposed
to illustrate the Gaulish
myth
of the Druid
Abaris, to whom
Apollo
is said to have
given
an arrowon which he
travelled
through
the air.
15. Obv.DVBNOREX or DVBNOREIX. Female
head,
to the
right.
RSame
legend.
A soldier
standing
with a human head
in each hand. AR.4. C.
16. Obv.Same
legend
and head.
RA
military gure holding
a standard,
surmounted
by
the
gure
of a
hog.
ARA. C.
17. Obv.Same
legend
andhead.
RnvBNoREx. A
military gure standing, holding
a
spear;
at his feet a
hog.
AR.4. C.
l8.
Obv.-PoocTIKA_.
Helmedbeardless
head,
to the left.
RROVacA. A lion
running,
to the
right.]13.4.
RJ.
.19.
OIMLROVECA. Beardless
head,
to the
left,
with
a collar;
before, Q.
RA
horse, to the
left;
in the
eld,
@@@@.1E.3%.
R.l.
20. Obv.RovEcA. Bust of
Venus,
to the
right; behind,
Cupid
holding
a
garland.
RA
horse, to the
right;
inthe
eld, @(DQQanda
wheel.
}E.4. R3.
21. Obv.ROVECA. A lion
running,
to the
right.
RAhorse, to the
right ;
in the
eld, a wheel anda star.
\ -]E.4. R1.
22. Obv.
. . . VEGA. Abeardless
head,
to the
left; on each
side, @; below, a
diota.
RPoovrcA. A horse at
liberty,
to the left
;
in the
eld,
@.}E.3. R.l.
Mionnet,
Supp.
t. i.
p.
159,
No. 73.
23.
Obv.Legend
effaced. Beardless
head,
to the left.
RPoo'rrcA. Same
type;
in the
eld, .}E.3- R.1.
24. Obv.Diademedhead, to the left.
RADNAsA'rI. A
spearman galloping,
to the
right.
AR.5. R.2.
Mionnet, Descr., t. i.
p.
85,
No. 6.

Creuzer thinks this a

personication
of the art of
writing.
The
myth
is
examined
by
M. de la
Saussaye
with his accustomed
sagucity.Rev. Num.,
anne
1842,
p.
165.
UNCEBTAINCOINS oF GALLIA. 173
25
26
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32
33
.
Obv.An
eagle ying
in the middle of a laurel
garland.
RAMBAc'rvs. Abull's head
full-faced; above, a
pentagon.
}E.3. R.4. lbid. No. 9.
.
Obv.Diademed beardless
head,
to the
right; behind,
a
monogram.
RoERMANvs INDUTIIn
(sic).
A bull
walking,
to the
left.}E.4. C.
This coin has been
assigned
to
Indutiomarus, a
Gaulish
chief;
but as
there were two
personages
of that
name,
the
appropriation
is still
unsettled. Vide
Eckhel,
D. N.
V.,
vol. i.
p.
78.
ObvZTov'roBocIo. Male
head, to the left.
RATEPIL0s. A lion
rampant,
to the
right.}E.3.
Royal
Cabinet,
Paris.
R.8.
This coinis
given by Eckhel,
Num. Vet. Anec.,
p.
4,
andis
engravedby
M.
Cartier,
in the Revue
Numism.,
Anne
1842, planche
xxi.
g.
13.
Eckhel,
Doct. N.
Vet.,
vol. i.
p.
79,
observes that the name Toutabocio
resembles that of Teutobodut or Teutobochus, king
of the
Teutones,
vanquishedby
Marius near Aix.
ObzLDIWCCA.
Female
head,
to the
right.
RFemale
gure standing,
to the left
;
her
right
hand
holding
a
serpent (P),
her left elbow
resting
on a column-
]E4.
M. Cartier, who
publishes
this
coin,
observes that it is a
palpable
imi
tationof a consular denarius of the Acilia
family.l
Obv.Tvn. . . .
Diademedfemale
head,
to the
right.
RDnvccA. Female
gure standing, holding
the hasta.
A13. R.8.
Obv.Acvssnos. Diademedfemale
head, to the
right.
RA
hog standing,
to the
right; above, an ear of
barley.
]E.4. Rev. Num., 1842,
pl.
xxi.
gs.
15and 16.
Obv.AREMAcIos. Head. to the
right.
R-Abird with
expanded wings
: in the
eld, a small
bird,
a
pentagon,
and a
serpent.E35.
R.l.
Mionnet,
Descr.,
vol.i.
p.
86,
No.11.
.
Obv.Beardless head,
to the left.
,
RBVCATO. A horse
galloping,
to the
left,
with a bird
upon
its
back; below, @@.EL.5.
R.3. Ibid. No. 18.
.
OblLGIAMILos. Laureated headof
Apollo,
to the
right;
behind,
a
symbol.

Revue
Numismatique,
anne1842,
p.
427,
and
pi. xxi., g.l2.
I74 ANCIENT cows oF CITIES AND PRINCES.
RGlAMlLos. An
eagle,
with
expanded wings, holding
a
serpent
in its beak]15.6. R.8.
Mionnet,
Descr.
Supp.,
t.i.
p.157,
No.52.
34. Obv.BINNO. Female head,
with
long
curls.
RAhorse at
liberty,
to the leftA
11.2%.
R.1. Ibid.
No. 57.
In addition to the
foregoing,
there
are a
large
number of
uninscribed Gaulish
coins,
which cannot be
satisfactorily
classied,
though
the
places
of their
nding
are
well
known.
Thus the
pieces engraved
as
British coins in
Rudings
second
plate, gs. 22, 23, 24, '25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
are
Gaulish,
andof the kinddiscovered
frequently
in
Brittany.l
To these
may
be addedthe rude cast coins,
having
a
human
headon one side,
and
on
the other
an
animal,
discoveredin
great
numbers
on
the site of the ancient Gaulish
camp
at
Amboise,
anddescribedand
engravedby
M. Cartier in the
Revue
Numismatique.2

On these coins the

Androcephalos
horse
appears,
a
type
which does not
occur in the British series.
_

Anne
l842, pl. xxii., gs. 21, 22,
23.
Ruding, pl.
iii.
gs.
55to 64 and
66;
ihid.
pl.
iv.
gs.
67 to
72,
has
engraved
several coins which are knownto
be Gaulish.

mm
1'
'l_)
ROGER, MARQUIS
or:
LAGOY,
AUTHOR OF AN ESSAY ON THE COINS OF
ClINOBELlSl'S,
MEMBER OF THEINSTITUTEOF
FRANCE.
THEFOLLO\VINGATTEMPT
AT AN
ARRANGEMENT OF THE
COINS 0FANCIENTBRITISHPRINCES
IS
R ESPECTFULLY INSCltl BED
BRITANNIA.
It is confessed
by
those who have studiedthe coins of the
ancient Britons that we
are,
at
present,
without suicient in
formation to enable
us
safely
to
attempt
their
precise
chrono
logical
or
geographical
classication. We have the assurance
of Caesar that the Britons hadnot a
coinage
of their own at
the
period
of his
invasion,1
and
on
this
authority
Eckhel main
tainedthat
they
were
unacquainted
with
a
stampedcurrency
until
a late
period
of the Roman
empire.2
Even in the ad
dendato his
great
work,
he hesitates to admit the claim of
Britain toa
primitive coinage.3 Mionnet, though
the
means
of
inquiry
were
within his
reach,
adopts
the
opinion
of
Eckhel,
and
accordingly ranges many
unquestionable
British coins
under the head
Chefs Gaulois
;4
yet
most of his
examples
are
quoted
from
English
works ! Sestiui notices the ab
surdity
of this
classication,
and cites the coins inscribed
CAMV. and VERLAMIO
as
pertaining
to Britain?
It has been maintained that the
passage
in Caasar has
been
corrupted,
and an
early
MS. has been cited
as
fur
nishing
evidence that the Britons
were
acquainted
with the
use
of
stamped
money
;6
but
as
the editors of Caesar could
have had no
object
in
wilfully corrupting
this well-known

'
De Bello Gallico,lib.v. c.12.
2
Doctrina
NumorumVeterum,vol.i. p.80.
'
Addendaad Eckhelii, Vindob.
1826,
p.
7.
4
Description
de Mdailles
Antiques,
tome l",
p.85,
and
Supp.
tom.
1",
p.
151.
5
Classes Generales, 4to.. Florentiaa, 1821.
6
See a
very interesting
article
by
Mr. Hawkins in the Numismatic
Chronicle,
Vol. i.
p.
13.
AA
178 ANCIENT COINS OF ci'riEs AND PRINcEs.
passage,
and
as
the most
approved
MSS.
negative
such
a
supposition,
it is submitted that
implicit
reliance cannot be
placed
on deviations from the statement of the
usually
re
ceivedtext.
It would
appear,
that while
some
numismatists have
denied the existence of
an
early
British
coinage,
others
have claimedfor it
a
higher antiquity
than
can
be
proved
by existing examples.
A considerable number of coins have been well known
to
English antiquaries during
the last two
centuries,
and
have been
unhesitatingly
ascribed to Cunobelinus,
the
British
prince
mentioned
by
Dion Cassius1 and
by
Sue
tonius.2 Most of these
pieces
bear the abbreviation of the
name,
CVN
or CVNO;
but
one
variety
has CVNOBELINVS
REX,
which leaves
no
doubt of the correctness of the
appropriation.
On the
reverses
of
some,
the letters TASC
occur,
while others have TASCIOVANI andTASCIOVANI
F. It would be tedious to recite the
opinions
which have
been
gravely expressed
as to the
meaning
of this
portion
of
the
legend,
that
proposedby
Mr. Birch3
being
the
only
one
entitled to consideration. Mr.
Birch,
placing
the
legends
of obverse and
reverse
together, suggests
that Cunobelinus
used the Latin
formula,
Caesar divi
f,
and
that,
accord
ingly,
we should
read,
Cunobelinus, son
of Tasciovanus.
The
only difculty
in the
way
of this
proposed reading
is the
name
of
Tasciovanus,
which is not foundinthe Roman
historians, nor
in
Beda, nor Gildas,
and which bears no
analogy
to those
given by Geoffrey
of Monmouth andthe
other fabulous chroniclers of British
history.
Shouldthe
reading proposed by
Mr. Birch be
admitted,

Lib. 1x.
2
1n
Calig.
c.44.

Numismatic
Chronicle,
Vol. vii.
p.
78.
BRITANNIA. 179
we shall not hesitate to render the
inscription
of another coin
EPPILLVS COM. F
.Eppillus,
son
of
Comius.1
\Caesar
distinctly says,
that that
portion
of Britain which
he terms Cantium was
ruled
by petty kings,
four of whom
attackedhis
legions
on
their rst
landing
in Britain.2 He
also
speaks
of
Comius,
Prince of the
Atrebates, as a
person
of
great authority
in the island.3 Howfar this inuence
extended
we cannot
ascertain;
but the fact that
there
were a
people
called
Atrebates,
both in Gaul and
on
the
northern coast of
Kent} seems to favour the
conjecture,
that
some
of the
family
of Comius
actually reigned
in
Britain. If this be
admitted,
the coins inscribedEPPILLVS
COMI. F.T1NC. COM. F. and VIR. COM. F. would
ap
pear
to have been struck
by
the children of
Comius,
to whom
portions
of Cantium
were awarded,
and which
they
ruled
as
petty princes.5
Such
a
supposition
receives
weight
from
the fact of the known
policy
of the Romans in their
acqui
sition of
foreign territory.
Tacitus shows
us
that
they
used
tributary kings
as
the instruments of
enslaving
the
people
they
were
supposed
to
rule,6
these
personages
being
vir
tually nothing
more
than the
satraps
of the
emperors,
entirely
obedient to their
will, though enjoying
the title of
Rex.

'
See Pl. xxi. No. 3.
2
1f the coin inscribedSEGO. be attributedto
Segonax rightly, existing
examples
of the
money
of four Kentish
kings appear
to be
known; namely,
the
specimen
in
question,
andthose
bearing EPPILLVS,
TlNC. andVlRl.
3
De Bell. Gall. lib.iv. c.21.
Ptol. lib. ii.

cap.
3,
28.
5
Many
incidents inthe life of Comius are mentioned
by Caesar;
but there
is one in Frontinus
(Stratag.
lib. ii.
c.13, 11)
which
appears
to have been
overlooked
by English
writers,
and for a reference to which I am indebted
to Mr. Birch. This author
says,
that when Comius was
ying
out
of
Gaul
into Britain,
after his defeat
by Cazsar,
he
escaped, although
his
galleys
were
aground
on the mud
owing
to the
receding
of the
tide, by pretending
to
crowd sail, thus
making
it
appear
to the
pursuers
who were at a
great
dis
tancc,
that he was actually crossing
the sea.
6
Vita
Agricola,
c. 14.
I80 ANCIENT COINS oF crrms AND PRINCES.
Numismatists will
ask,
if this
explanation
be
received,
why
the British
princes
caused their
money
to be formed
on
the
Greek,
and not on
the Roman model? To this
we
may
reply,
that the
money
of Julius
Caesar,
of the
Triumvirs,
and of
Augustus,
differs in
style
as much, or
more,
from that of the
succeeding reigns
as
these British
coins from the then
contemporaneous
Roman
currency,
much of which
was,
in all
probability,
executed
by
Greek
artists. In
one
respect
the deviation from Greek and
Roman models is
remarkably striking, namely,
in the ob
long
tablet, a
peculiarity
not observed
on Gaulish
coins,l
but the
equestrian gure
is
common,
both
on
the Greek and
Roman
money.
It wouldanswer no
useful
purpose
to
attempt
to
supply
the
names
of two of these
presumed
sons
of
Comius. Of that of the
other,
Eppillus,
ona
coin in the
British
Museum,
there
can
be
no doubt,
and there is
every
reason to believe that EPPLand IPPI.
are abbreviations
of the
same name.
TINC. and VIRI.
may readily suggest
two latinised Celtic
names;
but
no
such
names as
those of
which these letters would form
a
part
occur
in Caesars
account of
Britain,
and the
perfecting
of them must there
fore be left to the chance of future
discovery.
It will be seen
that the coins inscribed EPPI- and IPPI.
are
always
found in
Kent,
in the
territory
of the British
Atrebates,
while those with TINC. or
VIRI.
are discovered
in Sussex and
Hants,
facts which
seem
strongly
to
support
the
conjecture,
that
they
were issued
by princes ruling
in
different
parts
of the island.
* *
A
long
and careful
study
of Ancient British Coins has
gradually
led
me to form an
opinion
much
opposed
to that

'
This was rst observed
by
the
Marquis Lagoy,
in his
Essay on the
Coins of Cunobelinus.
a
BRITANNIA. 181
which I entertained
on
my
rst
acquaintance
with the sub
ject.
Ido not hesitate to avowthis, seeing
that
a
very
able French numismatist has modiedhis views with
regard
to the coins of Gallia.
Diligent inspection
and
comparison
of
every
specimen
that has fallen
in
my way
has at
length
inclined
me to think that Caesars account has been
cor
rectly
handeddown to
us,
andthat the Britons had not a
stamped
currency
of their
own at the
period
of his rst
invasion. This belief is founded
on
evidence afforded
by
actual
examples
of British Coins. It is
nowno
longer
sup
posed
that the rudest coins are
the earliest
specimens
of
ancient British
money,a
supposition
so
well calculatedto
embarrass the
inquiry;
on
the
contrary,
those who
are
practically acquainted
with the
subject,
knowthat the
rudest
examples
are
barbarous imitations of
pieces
of better
execution,
andthat the
gradations
of
a
corrupted type are,
on
comparing
several
pieces, easily
discernible.
Thus,
what
was once a
tolerably
well dened laureated human
head,
becomes in the next
copy
a
rude imitation of the
same
object,
which in its turn is
again
more
rudely represented,
until at
length
the
original design
is lost in
a barbarous
and
disjointed
collection of
objects,
the
meaning
of which
was
but
imperfectly
understood
by
the last
copyist,
and
can
only
be divined
by comparison
with earlier and
more
per
fect
examples.l
The
greater part
of these coins
are
unin
scribed,
and those which have a
few
straggling
letters
furnish
indisputable
evidence of their
being
rude
copies.
From the descent of Caesar to the invasion of Claudius is
a
considerable
period, sufciently long
to account for the

See the rude coin inscribedTIN. foundwith others

bearing
the same
letters,
of the reverse of which it is a
copy,
the horse
being
executed in
prc~
cisely
the same barbarous
style
as that of similar
gures on rude British coins
hitherto
supposed
of
higher antiquity.
182
ANCIENT
COINS OF CITIES AND PRINCES.
striking
of vast numbers of rude coins in imitation of
pieces
of better
execution,
many
of which
may
have been
pro
duced
by
native workmen and issued without
authority.
The
inefiicacy
of the
severe laws enacted
by
civilisedstates
against forgers
of the
public
money
shows howdifficult it is
to
stay
the issue of
spurious
coin;
andit is not reasonable
to
suppose
that Britain at this
period
was
free from
a
vice
which there is abundant
reason to believe was
almost coeval
with the invention of
coinage,
andof which
many
examples
may
be cited in the
primitive
money
of the Gauls and
Britons.l

'
One of the rudest
examples
in the British Series
(engraved
in the
Numismatic
Journal,
Vol. I.
pi.
i.
g. 9)
is often found to be of
copper
plated
with silver.

W.WNM
BRITANNIA.
183
SEGONAXmh
The attribution of these coins to
Segonax,
one
of the
four
kings
of Kent who attackedCaesars naval
camp,
is at
present conjectural.
Were No. l. the
only specimen,
its
style
would warrant the
appropriation;
but the reverse
of
No.2.
so
closely
resembles that of Cunobeline
(No. 19.)
that it almost raises a
doubt whether SEGO is the name
of
a town or
of a
prince;
nevertheless we
ndthe
names
of
the
prince,
and, as
is
supposed,
of .his
predecessor,
inter
changed
on
the obverse and
reverse
of the coins inscribed
COM. F.1
l.
Obv.1'AscIo, on a tablet, across the eld: above and
below,
a wheel, two annulets,
andtwo
pellets.
RsEGo.
A
horseman,
galloping,
to the
right:
in the ex
ergue,
Q).
AV.4. R.8. Wt.
82196 grs.
(Hunter).
(Plate
XXI. No.
1.)
2.
Obv.sEGO, on a tablet across the
eld,
in centre of
a
circle
formedof two twistedlines.
RNo
legend.
A
horseman,
galloping,
to the
right.
AR.3.
1L8.
(Brit. Mus.) (Plate
XXI. No.
2.)
EPPILLUS.
Although
we
find
both EPPI and IPPI
on
these
coins,
there
appears
no
doubt that
they
were
struck
by
a
chief
or
prince
named
Eppillus.3
The
place
of
nding
of No.1. is not

1
It
may
be maintained. in
opposition
to the
opinion
venturedin the
introductionto this section, that these
pieces,
if
really
of
Segonax, negative
the belief that the British
coinage
is
posterior
to the descent of
Caesar;
but
as it is not recordedthat
Segonax
fell in his encounter with the invaders,
it
is
submitted, that, if these
pieces
were struck
by
his
order, they may
date
from a later
period.
2
The learned Lelewel
(Etudes Numismatiques, p. 245), evidently
misled
by
the
blundering
of Pinkerton and
others,
confounds these coins with
others of the Gaulish
series,
but the
places
of their
nding
remove all doubt
of their British
origin. Among
the British coins
gured
in Camden is one
with a laureatedhead on the obverse andVIR. CO.
Rev, Capricorn
and
EPPI. COM. F.
Unfortunately
no
dependence
can be
placed
on
any
ofthese
representations,
and the editors of Camden have not thrown a
ray
of
light
onthem.
184 ANcInN'r coINs oF CITIES AND PRINCES.
known;
but the others
were
dug
up
in
Kent,
in the
country
of the Atrebates.
l. Obzacoivr. 1!.
within a laurel-wreath.
REPPILLvs. A
horseman,
galloping
to the
left;
in the
eld, a star andother
symbols.
AV.4. RB.
(Brit. Mus.)
81f, grs.
(Plate
XXI. No.
3.)
2. ObILEPPI. COM. F. A
horseman,
bearingalarge
club,
gallop
ing,
to the
right.
RNo
legend. Victory, walking
to the
left,
with
garland
and
palm
branch, within
a laurel
garland.
AV.4. R.S.
83
grs. (Rolfe.) (Plate
XXI.
No.4.)
Foundat
Staple, near Ash,
in
Kent, in the
year
1837.
3. Obv.No
legend.
An
eagle, standing, regarding
the
right
:
in
the
eld,
two
circles,
with a
pellet
in the centre.
RIPPI. coMI.
around an ornamentedcentre
resembling
a
shield. R.8. Num. Chron. vol. i.
p.
84.
(T.
Charles.) (Pl.
XXI. No.
5.)
Foundat Kits
Coty
House, near
Maidstone,
Kent. It is
probable
the
letter I in IPPI. is an
imperfectly
formed E.
4. Obv.-No
legend.
A similar
type.
REPPI. COM.
around
a similar ornament to that
on
the
preceding
coin.
(CollectaneaAntiq. by
C. R.
Smith,
pl.
vi.
g. 2.)
(Pl.
XXI. No.
6.)
Foundat
Bapchild,
inKent.
5. Obv.Diademed
head, to the left.
lieEr. A naked
winged gure, walking,
to the
right.
AR.2. R.8. 18
grs. (Ibid.; Rolfe.) (Pl.
XXI. No.
7.)
Foundin the Isle of Thanet.
CALLE.
It is much to be
regretted
that the
place
of
nding
of
the two coins here described is not known. If found in
Kent we
should not
only
have suicient
authority
for
assigning
them to
Britain,
but
might
venture on
attributing
them to a son
and
successor of Comius. No. 2. is valuable
as
comprising
anotherletter
on
the
reverse. The
inscrip
BRITANNIA.
185
tions,
read
together,
appear
to stand for REX CALLE
EPPilli
(.h'us).1
l. Obv.REX.
CALLE.
A
crescent;
in the eld, a star.
R.
. . PP.
An
eagle,
with
to
the
right. AR.2.
R.8.
17,96 grs.
(British Museum.) (Pl.
XXI. No.
8.)
2. ObULREX. CALLE. A
crescent;
in the eld,
two stars.
REPP. An
eagle,
as onNo. 1.
AR.%.
R.8.
18-116 grs.
(British Museum.) (Pl.
XXI. No.
9.)
TINC.
. . . .
The historians and chroniclers make no
mention of a
British
prince
whose name commences
with TINC,
yet
the
coins
appear
to showthat he was one
of the sons
of
Comius;
and their
nding,
that his rule
was
in that
part
of
England
which
comprised
the counties of Sussex andHantsf
l. Obv.com. on an indented tablet across
the eld.
RTIN. A
horseman,
galloping,
to the
right:
in the
eld,
a star;
the whole within a
beaded circle. AV.4. R.8.
83
grs.
(Pl.
XXI. No.
10.)
2. Obv.KOM- F. on an indentedtablet across
the
eld,
within a
beaded circle.
RTIN. A similar
type:
in the eld a star,
and a cluster
of three
pellets;
the whole within a beadedcircle. AV.4.
R.8. 82
grs.
(Pl.
XXI. No.
11.)
Foundat Alfriston, Sussex, with No. 1.
3. Obv.TINc. within
a tablet.
Rc. F. A horseman,
poising
his
spear
and
galloping,
to
the
right
: in the
eld, a star. AV.4. R8. 82
grs.
(Hughes) (Pl.
XXI. No.
12.)
FoundonTicheld
Downs,
Hunts.

'
There is a silver coin of the same size in the collection of the British
Museum, having
on one side the head of Hercules in the lion's skin,
and
the letters
EPAT. Rcverse,An eagle,
with
expanded wings.
it is described
and
engravedby Combe,
Plate i.
g.
10.
among
the coins of Gaulish chiefs
;
but,
though
the
type
of the obverse is
singular,
it is
probable
this
piece
is of
British
origin.
Future discoveries
may justify
its
being placed
in this series.
It was knownto Mionnet
only through
Combe.
"'
In the Numismatic
Chronicle,
Plate IV., Nos. 8, 9,
and
1l, are coins
which
probably belong
to this
personage. Unfortunately they
have suffered
by time, andthe letters are obliterated.
BB
186 ANCIENT COINS oF ClTlES AND PRINCES.
4. Obv.Rude and
disjointed objects, apparently
an
attempt
to
form a laureated head.
RTIN. Ahorse
(?) galloping,
to the
right:
below, a wheel.
AV.4. R8. 84
grs.
(Pl.
XXI. No.
13.)
Foundat Alfriston with Nos. 1 and 2.
.5.
OQv.coivr.
on an indented tablet across
the eld,
within a
beadedcircle.
libTIN. A similar
type
to No.3. ]E4. R8.
(Brad
eld.)
(Pl.
XXI. No.
14.)
Foundat Winchester.
VIRI
. . .
With the
exception
of No.
5,
we
have
no account of the
nding
of the coins inscribedVIR and VIRI. It is
probable
that future discoveries
may
showthat
they
were
issued
by
some
prince
whose
territory comprised
the counties of Sus
sex
andHants.
1. Obv.co. F.
A
horseman,
bearing
an oval
shield, galloping,
to the
right.
Rvrnl. across
the eld. A leaf.
AVB5.
11.8.
(Sparkes.)
(Pl.
XXI. No.
15.)
This
very
beautiful coin is far
superior
in fabric to the
rest,
which are
of rude
though
boldexecution. Mr.Cuff has an
example,
but it is of
inferior
workmanship.
Both came from the Dimsdale collection
(probably
with Nos. 2 and
3),
but their
place
of
nding
is not known.
2. Obv.coM. F. on a
tablet across the eld.
Rvrn. REX.
A horseman
galloping,
to the
right.
AV.4.
R.8.
82?6grs.
(Huxfabla) (Plate
XXII. No.
l.)
3. Obv.-coM. F. on a tablet across the
eld.
Rvia. A horseman
galloping,
to the
right.
AV. 4.
R.8.
SOT-Ugrs. (Huxtabla) (Pl.
XXI. No.
16.)
4. ObacoM.
r. ona tablet across the
eld;
above and
below,@.
RVI. A horse
galloping,
to the
right.
AV. 1. R. 8.
(British Musemu.) (Plate
XXII. No.
5. Obv.cOM. F. withina tablet across the eld: above andbelow,
a
pellet
within a circle.
Rvra. Ahorse at
liberty, galloping,
to the
right.
AV.l.
11.8. 13
grs. (Plate
XXII.
No.3.)
Found at
Bognor,
Sussex.
BRITANNIA.
187
TASCIOVANUS(?)
No mention is made of
a
prince
of this
name
by
the
Roman
historians, and, as
before
noticed,
it bears but little
analogy
to those which
are
given by
the chroniclers to the
father of
Cunobelinus;
yet
there
appear
good grounds
for
the
appropriation.
The
gold pieces
are formed
on
the
Greek
model;
andthose in silver
are
in
style
much less
Roman than the coins of Cunobelinus.
l. Obv.A
horseman,
armedwith swordand
shield,
riding,
to the
left,
and
regarding
the
right.
RTAscIo.
}
in two lines,
in the
compartments
of a tablet,
RICON.
crossing
anunknownornament. AV.4. RB.
84
grains. (Rev. TraordLeigh.) (Plate
XXII.
No.4.)
2. Obv.A
horseman,
galloping,
to the
left,
holding
his
right
hand
aloft,
andin his left a
spear
(P)
RTAssIE.
(
in two lines, as on the
precedingcoin.
EL.4.
RICON.
1
R8.
(The
Museum
of Antiquities, Rouen.)
Lambert,
p.
146,
pl.
xi. No. 21.
3. OImA
to the
left; below,
Q.
RTAscIOV.
RICON.
4. Obv.A
horse,
galloping,
to the left.
RTAsc. On
a tablet across an ornament,
similar to that
of the
preceding
coins. AV.I. R.8.
Ruding, appendix,
plate
xxix. No.8.
(Pl.
XXII. No.
5.)
5.
Obv.Pegasus, galloping,
to the left.
RTAsc. Ona tablet, as on the
preceding
coin. AV.l.
R.8.
201% grs.
(Huxtable) (Pl.
XXII. No.
6.)
6. Obv.TASc. Ahorseman
galloping,
to the
right, ourishing
a
club. Inthe
eld, a star within
a circle.
RVER. Between four
branches,
placed
at
right angles,
the
spaces being
lled with various
ornaments;
in the
centre of the
whole, two
crescents, placed
back to back.
AV.4. R8. 84
grains (Pl.
XXII. No.
7.)
g
in two
lines, as on
the
preceding
coins.l

This coin is described and

engraved
in the Gentleman's
Magazine
for
1821,
p.
66, but the metal is not mentioned;
andthe
weight
is statedto be
5 dwts. 10
grs. though
the
engraving
is of the secondsize
only!
It is stated
to have been foundat
Epping.
188 ANCIENT coINs 0F CITIES AND PRINCES.
7.
Obv.Legend
e'aced. Similar
type.
RThe
eld,
lled with
ornaments, as on the
preceding
coin,
with the letter T
only
betweenthe crescents. AV.4.
R.8. 84
grs. (Cul)
(Pl.
XXII. No.
8.)
8. Obv.TAsc.
Type
like No. 4. In the
eld, two wheels.
RNo
legend
or letter. The eldas No. 5. AV.4. R.8.
(Brit. Mus.)
There are
many
rude imitations of the
types
of the four
preceding
coins.
9. Obv.Beardedhead,
to the
left; before, two crosses.
R"IAsclo. An
equestriangure,
to the
right ;
inthe
eldI
two stars. AR.3. R.8. Rude.
(Plate
XXII. No.
ll.)
10. Obv.Another,
with similar
type,
but of still ruder
work,
and
TAscIA.AR.3.
R.8.
(Plate
XXII. No.
12.)
ll. Obv.TAscIA. Laureated
head,
to the
right.
RAhorse
feeding
beneath a
tree; above, a star.AR.3.
R.8.
(Plate
XXII. No.
13.)
12. Ob'lLTASC. on a tablet across the eld.
RAhorseman
galloping,
to the
left,
with a
long
shield.
AR.2%.
R.8.
(Plate
XXII.
No.9.)
13. Obv.TAs.
Pegasus standing,
to the left.
RPegasus galloping
to the
right,
within an ornamented
circleA R.8.
(Plate
XXII. No.
10.)
I4. Obv.Rude beardedhead
(formed
chiey
of dots or
pellets),
to the left
: before, a star.
RTAsCIA. Horseman
galloping
to the
right;
above, a
star.AR.3$.
R.8.
A coin of
remarkably
barbarous execution
l5. Obv.VER. within a
beaded circle.
_
RTAscIA. A horse at
liberty, galloping
to the
right.
ARB.
R.8.
(Plate
XXII. No.
16.)
16. Obv.VEn. within a beadedcircle.
RAhorseman
galloping,
to the
right,-AR.3.
R.8.
(Plate
XXII.
No.17.)
I7. Obv.TAscIAVA.
Bare beardless
head,
to the
right.
RTA.
Pegasus standing,
to the Ieft.]E.5. R.8.
(Plate
XXII. No.
14.)
18. Obv.TAscIAI. Bare
head, to the
right.
RCentaur
playing
on
the double
ute, to the
right;
above,
a crescent anda
pellet.}51.3.
R.8.
(Ilate
XXII. No.
15.)
BRITANNIA.
\
189
19. Obv.Bearded
head,
to the
right.
'
RTAsc. A horse
galloping,
to the left
;
above and
below, a StanFEB. R.8.
.
20.
Obv.VERLAM1o1 withinthe
rays
of
a
star-shaped
ornament.
RA
bull,
standing,
to the
left213.3%.
RB.
(Plate
XXII. No.
18.)
21. Obv.Same
legend
within the
rays
of a similar
ornament.
RSimilar
type
as the
reverse of No.
20.]E.2.
R.8.
(Plate
XXII. No.
19.)
22. Obv.~An
ornament,
somewhat
resembling
that of the fore
going.
RTAscl. A
horse,
galloping
to the
left;
in the
eld,
(9
anda trefoil.]E.3. R.8.
(Plate
XXII. No.
20.)
CUNOBELINUS.
We have but
slight
notices of this
prince,
who is inci
dentally
mentioned
by
Suetonius2 and Dion
Cassius3;
but
his coins exist in considerable
variety. According
to
Geoffrey
of
Monmouth,
he
was
brought
up
at the court of
Augustus.
l. Obv.cvN. A
horse,
with a cross on
its
haunch,
galloping
to the
right;
above, a branch between two
pellets;
the
whole within
a beaded circle.
RcAMv.
across the eld. An
ear of
barley.AV.4.
R.7.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
1.)
2. Obv.cvNo. On the line of the
exergue;
ahorse,
galloping,
to the
right
: above, a branch.
R(c)AMv.
An
ear of
barley,
the stalk
terminating
as
a
caduceus.AV.4. R.7.
(Plate
XXIII.
No.3.)
3.
DimAnother,
with a branch anda star above the
horse;
and
below, QAV.4.
R.7.
4. Obv.cvn. A
horse,
galloping,
to the
right.
Bc
CAMV. An
ear
of
barley ;
inthe
eld,
a small cross.
AV.4. R.7.
(Plate
XXIII.
No.2.)

We have on this and the

following
coin the name of Verulamium in the
ablative form. On Nos.
6, 15,
and
16,
it is contracted.
1
In
Calig.
c. 44. 3Lib. lx.
p.
678. Edit. 1606.
I90 ANCIENT COINS 0F CITIES AND PRINCES
5. Obv.cvN. on the line of the
exergue;
above the
horse,
a star;
between the
fore-legs,
a heart.
RcAM. An ear of
barley.AV.4.
R.7.
Ruding,
pl.
iv. No.6.
6. Obv.Another,
with a branch, a
star,
and
Q on reverse.
Ruding, pl.
iv. No. 5.
7. OinkCvN.
A
horse,
galloping,
to the
right;
above, a
branch.
RcAM. An
ear
of
barley.-AV.2.
R.7.
(Plate
XXIII.
No.4.)
The
foregoing types
are the least rare of the coins of Cunobeline.
These, as well as the two
following, appear
to have been struck at
Camulodunum,
his
capital.
It is somewhat remarkable that his silver
coins do not bear the name of their
place
of
mintage, which,
it we
may judge
from the
style
of
workmanship,
was not Camulodunum.
B. Obv.-CAMv. On a tablet, across the eld.
RcvNoBlLI. Two
horses,
galloping
to the
left; above,
an
unknownornament
;
below, a wheel with
pellets
between
the
spokes.AV.4.
H.8-
Ruding, pl.
iv. No. I.
9. Obv.CAMVI.
Similar
type.
RcvNoBHI. A similar
type.AV.4.
R 8.
8315?, grs.
(Huxtabla)
(Plate
XXIII. No.
5.)
Foundnear
Cambridge
in 1834.
10. ()bv.cvNo.
Winged
bust,
with bare
head, to the
right.
RTASCIO. A
sphinx,
(Brit. Illus.) (Plate
XXIII.
No.6.)
II. Obv.TAsCIOVAN.
Female
head, to the
right.
RcvNoBEn. Ahalf-naked
gure, seated, playing
on a
lyre;
behind, a
branch.AR.2. R.8.
(Brit. Mus.)
(Plate
XXIII. No.
'7.)
12. Obv.cvNoBEum.
Bare
head, to the
right.
RAhorse,
galloping,
to the
right;
above, a circle.
AI{.2. R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
8.)
I3. Obv.CAMv. Bare male
head,
to the left.
RcvN.
Winged
female
gure, seated, to the
right,
holding
a bird;
in the
eld,
(DARB.
1L8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
9.)
l4. Obv.cVNOBEL.
In two
lines, on
compartments.
Rcvu. An
equestrian gure,
to the
right.AR.2.
ILS.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
IO.)
BRITANNIA.
19I
I5.
16.
I7.
18.
19.
21.
22.
23.
24.
.
Obv.cvNoBELIN.
Obv.-cvNoBEI.I. In two lines,
in
compartments
connected
together; above,'and below, a
star;
the whole within a
beaded circle.
RcvN. Placedona horizontal line
;
an
equestriangure,
to the
right;
the whole within a beaded eirele.
ARfZ.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No. l
l.)
Obv.cvNoBELI.
Retrograde,
in two lines,
within
compart
ments
;
above,
and
below, a star.
~
RAhelmed
equestrian gure,
to the
right, preparing
to
cast a
dart.AR._2.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIII.
No.12.)
Obv.CVNO. Nakedmale
gure, leaning
ona club,
standing,
to the
right.
RTAscoVA. Female
gure
seated on a bull, to the
right.AR.2.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
13.)
Obv.cvN. On a
tablet,
within
a beaded circle.
RA
grifn
about to
spring,
to the left.A
It.2.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
14.)
Obv.cvN. Naked male
gure,
with the
pallium,
stand
ing
to the
left, his
right
hand
holding
a
purse (P),
his left
holding
the
hasta;
the whole within a beaded circle.
RsoLIDo within
a circle,
formedof two
platted
lines.
AR.2. R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
19.)
Bare male
head,
to the
right.
RTASCIO. A horse
galloping,
to the
right; above, a
crescent.AR.2. R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
20.)
Obv.ovNo. on a tablet,
within a
laurel
garland;
the whole
within a beadedcircle.
RTAsc. F.
Pegasus prancing,
to the
right.AR.2$.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
15.)
Obv.cvNo. A
horse,
galloping
to the
right.
R(c)AMv.
across the
eld; an
object resembling
an
ear of Indian
corn, placed
on the
capital
of a column.
AR.2. R.8.
(C.
R.
Smith.)
(Plate
XXIII. No.
21.)
Obv.cvNoBEI.INvs
(REX).
Bare male
head,
to the
right.
RTASc. A
bull, to the
righhJEB.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIII. No.
18.)
Helmed beardless
head,
to the
right.
A
hog standing,
to the
right52.3.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
2.)
Obv.cvNoBELINI.
RTAscIoVANII.
R.8.
19' 2 ANCIENT COINS OF CITIES AND PRINCES.
25
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34
35
.
Olrv.ovNo. on a tablet, on
which rests a double
head,
like
that of Janus.
Rcvso. on a
similar tablet.
[ E3. R.8.
(Plate
XXIV. No. 17.)
.
Obv.cvNo.
Bare head to the left
;
the whole within a
beaded circle.
RA
hog standing,
to the
left; below, (D.E.2.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
12.)
OII'U-cVNOBELINI.
Laureatedbeardless head, to the left.
RTAscioVANLF. Centaur, to the
right, blowing
a
horn.
.ZE.3- 1L8.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
Obv.cvNoBELlN. Beardless
head,
with the
petasus,
to the
left.
RTASCIO.
R.8.
ObU.CAMV. A
horse,
to the
right.
RcvNo. ona
tablet, placedperpendicularlyiin
the centre
of
a
wheaten
garland.]15.3%.
ILS.
(Plate
XXIV.
No.6.)
Obv.cvNo. on a tablet, across the eld.
RcAM. A
horse, to the
right.1151.25.
RB.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
13.)
Head of
Jupiter
Ammon,
to the left.
Figure guiding
a horse,
to the
right.Hi3.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
11.)
Obv.cvNo. Headof
Jupiter
Ammon,
to the
right.
lkcAM. Alion
crouching
beneath a
tree,
to the
right.
15.3. R.8.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
5.)
Ob'l).CAMV.
Pegasus,
to the left.
RcvNo.
Victory walking,
to the
right, holding
a
garland
with both
hands.]53%.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIV.
No.10.)
.
Obv.cvn. A horseman
galloping,
to the
right.
RVictory, holding
a
garland, walking
to the
right.
}EA. RB.
(Lord
Albert
Conyngham.)
Foundat
Berkhampstead,
Herts. Vide Num. Chron. vol. ii.
p.
192.
A
hog,
to the
right.
Figure seated,
forging
a helmet ]E.3.
(Plate.
XXIV. No.
4.)
Obv.cvNo.
RcAM.
R.8.
.
OlHLTASCI.
RcvNo.
Victory, slayinga
bull.
Pegasus,
to the
right.}E.3%.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
7.)
BRITANNIA.
I93
36. Obv.-
. . . . vNO.
Sphinx, squatting,
to the
right.
RcAMvLoDvNo intwo lines,
within
compartments.
]E4.
RB.
(Huxlabla)
37. Ob'ILcVNO. Ahorse
galloping,
to the
right ;
above, a star.
RNo
legend.
A
griin standing,
to the
right.113.3.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
15.)
38. Obv.cvnoam.mr in two
lines,
in
compartments
;
above
and
below,
@.
RNo
legend. Victory
seated, to the
left,
holding
out a
garland.533%.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
I4.)
39. Olmcwvo.
Sphinx crouching,
to the
right.
RCAM. Naked male
gure
with the
palliurn,
standing
before an altar, to the
left;
holding
in his
right
hand
(ut
videtur)
a bunch of
grapes,
andin his left a
staff.
1L8.
(British llluseum). (Plate
XXIV. No.
18.)
The
object
held in the
right
handof the
gure
has been
represented by
Rudings draughtsman
as a human
head, which is not warranted by
the
example
inthe British Museum. The reverse of this
piece appears
to have been
copied
from one of the brass coins of MaroneainThracia.
4U. Obv.TASCIOVA. A
military gure standing,
to the left,
holding
a
spear
erect,
in the
right
hand.
Rcvnon. Naked male
gure
on horseback,
to the
right,
holding
a staff in the
right hand.~]E.3%.
RB.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
9.)
4|. ()bU.CVNOBE. Beardless helmed
bust,
to the left.
RTAsc. rm. A boar
(P) resting
on its
haunches,
its
head
raised,
and
holding
in its mouth
a
serpent
(?)
ILS.
(Wigan). (Num.
Chron. vol. vii.
pl.
5,
No.
2.)
(Plate
XXIV. No.
8.)
42. Obv.cVN. Ahorse
galloping,
to the
right.
RcAM. An ear of
barley1215.4.
1L8.
(C.
R.
Smith,
Num. Chron. vol.
ii.)
Foundin the bed of the Thames near London
Bridge.
43. ObvzcvN. A
hog,
to the
right.
RAn
eagle,
to the
right.]15.3.
R.8.
(Collectanea
Antiq. pl.
v.
g. 3.)
44. Oba.Bearded full face
lling
the eld.
RcvN. A
hog; above,a
branch]E3. 1L8.
(Brill'sb
Museum.) (Plate
XXIV. No.
16.)
This rude but curious
piece
is another
variety
of the
money
of Cunobe
line,
and
appears
formedon the model of the barbarous Gaulish coins
foundon the site of the ancient
camp
at Amboise
CC
194 ANCIENT coINs oF Cl'llES AND PRINCES
BODVOC.
THE coins here described have been
assigned
to the
British
Queen Boadicea,
and Mr. Hawkins favours the
ap
propriation.1 Unfortunately
the
places
of their
nding
are
not
known;
and
we
require
more evidence to settle their
attribution. If
rightly assigned, they
furnish another
proof
that these
rudely
executed coins
are
of
a
later date
than those with
com. F. The fabric of the silver
piece
is
evidently
British,
and the
inscription BoDvoc,
across
the
eldof Nos. 1 and
2,
is
peculiar
to British coins.2
l. Obv. -BODVOCacross
the eld.
RThe rude
gure
of a horse
galloping,
to the
right;
be
low, a
wheel;
in the
eld,
two
pellets,
a
crescent,
and
other
symbols.AV.4.
R.8.
(Plate
XXIV. No.
19.)
2. Obv.Another with Bonvo.
(Hawkins's
Silver Coins,
pl.
ii.
g. 28.)
3. OlmBoDvoc. Beardless head, to the left.
RAhorse
galloping,
to the
right;
in the
eld,
various
symbols.AR.3.
R.8.
(Huactable) (Plate
XXIV. No.
20.)

1
Silver Coins of
England, p.
15.
i
There is a coin inCamden of
precisely
the same
style,
with the letters
VEROacross the
eld;
but it is not authenticated.
195
UNCERTAINCOINS OF BRITANNIA.
UNDER this head
may
be
ranged
a vast number of
un
inscribed
pieces,
as
well
as those coins which
appear
to
exhibit
attempts
to form
a
legend.
All these seem to bear
evidence of their
being copies
of well-executed
examples,
though,
in
many
cases, nearly
every
trace of the
prototype
has been lost under the inuence of successive imitation.
It
seems
highly probable, too,
that
some
of the
types
were
accommodated to the tastes and
feelings
of the
people
among
whom
they
were struck,
and that this
was
effected
gradually
with the
corruption
of the
original design.
In
the
present
state of
our
knowledge
of this rude
coinage,
it would be unsafe to venture
upon
more
than a
general
outline of this
theory,
and
a reference to the
principal
varieties which have been
engraved
and described in
various
Numismatic
works.
It is
manifest,
that these
uninscribed, or
imperfectly
in
scribed
coins, were
struck in various
parts
of Britain.
Their
provenance abundantly
attests this;
and with
a
viewto assist those
who,
in the true
spirit
of
inquiry,
care
fully
record
every
instance
qfnding,
we
proceed
to notice
a
fewcoins
already
describedand
engraved.
In the
Numismatic
Journal,
Vol. 1. British
Coins,
P1. 11.
No.2,
is
engraved
a silver coin of
a
very
marked
type,
having
on
the
reverse two crescents
placed
back to
back within
a
compartment.
Four other
pieces
of
very
similar
type
will be found
engraved
anddescribedin the
I96 ANCIENT COINS oF crruss AND PRINCES.
Numismatic
Chronicle,
Vol. I.
p.
89. These last
are
known to have been discoveredat
March,
in
Cambridge
shire,
with about
forty
others of
a
like
description.1
In the
Numismatic
Chronicle,
Vol. VI.
p.
200, a
coin of similar
type,
with the letters
EGE.
beneath the
horse,2
is
engraved,
andstated to have been found at Sherborne,
in Dorset
shire,
in
April,
1843. Now
a
single
coin, as an
experi
encednumismatist has
observed,
may
be carriedabout and
dropped
any
where;
but
as we
knowthat the
pieces
in
question
are
generally
found
on
the north of the
Thames,
and often in
Cambridgeshire,
there is little doubt that
they
were minted in that
part
of Britain.
The
gold
coin
engraved
in the
Numismatic
Chronicle,"
Vol. I
.
p. 89,
No.
11,
is next
noticed, as
furnishing
adistinct
style
of
type
from
any
other in the British series.
This,
with
many
others, was
foundat
Aldmondbury,
in
Yorkshire,
mingled
with Consular Denarii.3 Its execution is
extremely
barbarous,
and it bears Roman letters within
compart
meatsprobably
an
attempt
to form
a name.
Those who have been in the habit of
carefully examining
the series of British coins will not
require_to
be
reminded,
that the
examples engraved
in the Numismatic
Journal,
Vol. I. P]. ii. Nos.
8, 9, 10, 1l, and,
in all
probability,
Nos.
6 and
7,
are barbarous imitations of the
pieces assigned
to
Tasciovanus,
and
supposed
to have been struck at Verula
mium. Their
nding
appears
to be
nearly
connedto the

'
Specimens were
presentedby
the Rev. J. B. Reade to the Numismatic
Society.
2
See
an
engraving
of this
piece
at
p.
182. A coin of the same
type
is
engraved
in Combe. FLI.
No.9;
it bears EGES. These
pieces
are
especially
deserving
of
notice, because, although
the
type may
have been borrowed,
adapted, or
corrupted,some
of them bear
tolerably
well formedletters.
Several rude coins in brass have beendiscovered in

Kent,
with the
gure
of an animal which
appears
to be
copied
from the well-known
Elephant
coin
of Caesar.
UNCERTAIN COINS oF BRITANNIA.
l97
counties of
Hants, Wilts, Bucks,
and
Beds,
but a
specimen
or two has
lately
been discoveredin Kent.1
The
very
rude
gold
coins, having
on one
side
an
attempt
to
represent
a horse,
and
on
the other
an
object
which it
has been founddifcult to
designate,
andwhich resembles
a sh-bone,2
appear
to exhibit
examples
of
a
design
so
corrupted
that the
original
can
scarcely
be
traced;
but it
is
very
probable
that the
prototype
was
that of the
gold
coins of
Cunobeline,
with the
ear
of
barley
! This uncouth
representation
may
be
as
much the result of
incompetent
workmanship
as
of successive fruitless
attempts
at imita
tion.
If there
are
any
British coins to which
a
higher antiquity
may
be
assigned by
those who maintain
opinions opposed
to those which
are
here
advanced,
they
are
the
pieces
which
have on one
side
a
rude
attempt
at the
representation
of a
laureated
head;
but does their
workmanship materially
differ from that of those which there is
so
much
reason to
consider of
a
later
period?
Observe,
for
example,
the bar
barous imitation of the coins inscribed
TINC,
in
plate
xxi.
g. 13,
andthe coin
supposed
to be of
Boadicea,
plate
xxiv.
g.
l9. This
piece
bears distinct Roman
letters,
and the
workmanship
is of the most barbarous
description,
the
horse
being
executedin the
style
of those
pieces having
the
disjointed portions
of
a laureated head. The
prototype
of the laureated head is
no
doubt in the Gaulish
money;
but it wouldbe
a
bold
attempt
to
assign
a
date to what
are
palpably copies
of
copies.3

'
Collectanea
Antiqua, pl.
v.
gs.
11 and 12.
2
Numismatic
Journal, pl.
i.
gs.
7 and8.
By
some this
object
has been
called a fern-leaf.
The laureated head is found on the Breton

money
with the
type
of the
charioteer, which, being
in circulationon the
opposite coast,
couldnot have
beenunknownto the Britons.
198 ANCIENT COINS oF CITIES ANn PmNcEs.
In
conclusion, then,
it is submitted:
lst,
That the most
barbarously
executed British coins
are,
for the most
part,
the latest.
2d,
That there is
nothing
in the imitation of the
horse,
andlaureated
head,
to
justify
their
being assigned
to a
very
early period;
but, on
the
contrary,
their
extremely
barbar
ous
execution warrants an
opposite
conclusion.
3d,
That if the Britons hada
coinage
of their
own
pre
viously
to the arrival of
Caesar,
the fact is not
proved by
existing examples.

END OF THE VOLUME.
CORRECTIONS ANDADDITIONS.

Page
17. The autonomous coin,
No.
1,
describedfrom
Mionnet,
is of Sabra
tha,
inNumidia. There is a
specimen
inthe British Museum.
48, line
4,for Turdulan,
readTurditan.
59, l0,
bearded,
beaded.
51, Osca. The

legend
of the obverse is OSCA.
71,
No.
5,for
AL.
SANG,
read
ALsANo.
98, Augustus,
No.
3,
dele
, after Family.
160,
Note 2. The Celtic title,
Vergobret,
is noticed
by Caesar,
Bell.
Gall. lib. i. c. 16.
Plate xii.
g.
5. The third letter is a D,
but the artist has not
given
it a
auicient
length,
the coin
being
worn.
Page
27. Lucterius, Chief of
the Cadurci. A coinof this chief is
published
by
the Baron Chaudruc de
Crazannes,
in the Revue Numisma
tique,
anne
1845, p.333.
0b11.Lvx'ru= ios. Bare beardless head, to the
right.
RA
horse, unbridled, pacing
to the
right.1E3.
Page 156,
line
5, for male,
readmule.
An
engraving
of the coin of
Sex,
mentioned at
page
55,
is
given on the
next
page.

COINOF SEX.
Abdera-
.
Abra
Acci
.
Acinipo . . .
Esonaand
Orgia.
Amaia
. . .
Amba
'
. . .
Ana, or Ona
.
Antikaria
. . .
Ara: Sestianm
. .
Arevaci
. . .
Aria, or Cunbaria
.
Artemisinm
. .
Arva
(Bmtica) .
Arva
(Tarraconensis)
Ascui, or Ascuta.
.
Asido
. .
Aspavia .
Asta
.
Astapa.
Asturica
Augurina
Ausa
Bailo
Balsa
Barea
Bascontes
Bedesa
. .
Beleia, or Belita
Bcrsa, or Persa
Bersical
.
Bilbao
.
Bilbilis
.
Bracara
.Bursaba
Cwsaraugusta
-
Calagurris
Fibnlaria
Calagurris
Nassica
Callet
.
INDEX.
11 I S P A NI A.
P
is;
Calpe
18 Canaca
.
61 Carbula
.
18 Carissa
. . .
65 Carmo
.
9 Caronium
18 Caiteia
. . . . .
62
Carthago
Nova
. . .
19 Cascantum
. . . .
65 Castulo
.
-
. .
63 Caura
. .
19 Celsa
64 Celti
20 Ceret
64 Cerritani
20 Cilcni
21 Cissa
22 Clunia
.
22
Coerc, or Cocro
22
Colippo . . . .
65 Cordoba
qum
ct Patricia
.
23
65 Deitosa
. . .
23 Ebora
. .
10 Ebnsus,
Insula
24 Emerita
. . .
66
Emporiae
66
Epora . . .
66
Equnesi . . . . .
69 Ercavica
67 Etelesta
67
67 Gades
69 Gili
. . . . .
69 Glandomirum, or Glandimi
rum
. . . . .
70 Graccurris
. . . .
78
77 Helmantica
. . . .
24
Hcmcroscopium
-
. .

DD
Page
24
24
24
25
25
79
26
79
81
82
28
82
29
29
83
84
84
85
10
ll
29
86
11
115
II
30
87
87
88
30
88
89
89
89
90
202
INDEX
Page
Ibe
. . . . .
91
Osct, 0r Osset
Ildum, or Ildnni
. . .
91 Osiccrda
Ilercavonia
. . . .
9 l Ossonobn
Ilerda
. . . . .
92 Ostur
Ilergetes . . . .
93
Hergetes
andPelendones
.
93 Palantia
Ilibcris
. . . . .
33 FaxJulia
Ilici
. . . . .
93
Pityusaa,
Insula
Ilipa . . . . .
34 Pria
.
Ilipa, Ilipla, Ilipula, Ilipcnsc .
35
Iliturgi . . . . .
35 Rhoda
.
Ilurco
. . . . .
36 Romula
.
Ipareo, or
Ipagro . . .
36
Irippo . . . . .
37 Sacili
Ispalis . . . . .
37
Saguntum
Italica
. . . . .
37 Sulucm.
.
Ituci
. . . . .
39 Salpesa
SilVia
Julia
. . . . .
40
1
Searo
. .
Segisama
or
Segisamo
Lacippo . . . .
40
Segobriga .
Laelia .
. . . .
4 l
Segovia
Lastigi . . . . .
42
Sepontia
Libia
. . . . .
94 Sesamca
Libizona
. . . .
95 Setelsis
.
Libora
. . . . .
95
Setis or Setisa
Lobetnm
. . . .
95 Sex
.
Luciferae Fanum
. . . 42
Sisnpo
Sisipu
Malaca
. . . .
42
Spain
Meanenses
. . . .
96
Suissatio
Merobriga(Lusitania) . .
l4
Merohriga(Tarraeoncnsis) .
96 Tumarici
Mirohriga . . . .
44 Turmco
Munda
. . . . .
44 Tzu'tcssus
Murgi . . . . .
44 Termisus
Myrtilis . . . .
14 Theloris
Toletum
Nabrissa, or Nebrisa
. .
45 Traductu
Narbasi
. . . . .
96 Tucci
Nardinium
. . . .
96 Turiasu
Ncma
. . . . .
45
Turuptinna
Nerii
. . . . .
96
Norba
. . .
. .
l5
Valcntia
Vclia
Obulco
. . . . .
45
Ventippo
Oningis
andOnulm
_ .
49
Onuha
. . . . .
49
Ugia
Orippo . . . . .
50 Ulia
Orisia .
. _ . . 97 Urcesa
. .
Orospeda . . . .
97 Urci or Urke
Osca
(Bmtica) . . .
51 Urso
()sca
(Tarraconensis) . .
97

Pm
51
99
15
100
100
15
115
101
101
51
53
102
16
54
101
54
103
104
105
106
106
106
106
54
56
56
107
107
107
108
57
110
110
110
57
58
110
112
113
114
58
59
59
114_
59
60
1 NDEx.
Aballo .
Edui
. .
Agatha . .
Agcdincum
Senonum
Agrippina
Allobroges
Andecavi
Antipolis
-
Arvemi
. .
Aulerci-Eburovices
Ausci or Auscii
Avaricum
Avenio
.
Baeterra
Belindi
Brigiosum
Caballodunum
Cabcllio
Cadurci
Caenicenses
.
Csesarea,
Insula
Caletes
.
Cambiovicences
Cambolectri
.
Cantilia
Carcioi
Carnutcs
Catalaunum
.
Cavares
Copia
Corilissus
.
Cossio or Cossiurn
.
Divona
Eburones
Felikovesi
Glanum
Lacydon
Leuci
Lexovii
. .
Libici
. .
Longostaleti .
Bodvoc
Cnlle
Cunobelinus
.
Eppillus
GAL L I A.
PM i
156 l Lucciodunum
.
155 ;
Lugdunum Copia.
133
156
Magusa
164 Massilia
133 Mediomatrici
156
134 Nemausus
124
157
Oxybii .
125
126 Petrocorii
134 Pictones
.
135 Rcmi
. . . .
126 Rhoda, or Rhodanusia
.
127
Rigomagenses
Rotomagus
158 Ruscino
136
127
Samnagenses
136 Santones
1 70
Segovii
158
Segusia
128 Senones
128
Sequani
128 Sextantio
137 Solimariaca
. . .
158 Solonium, Solonum,
or Solo
164 Sotiates
. . .
137
159 Tornacum
159 'lricorii
. .
128 Turones
. .
129
l
Ubii
I
Ucetia .
164
Vanesia
159 Veliocasscs
Veromandui
.
138 Vesontio
Vienna
.
138
Virodunum
165 Vocontii
.
159
Volcae Arecomici
.
138 l
Volcae
Testosagcs .
.
139 1
B R I T ANNI A.
194
Segonax .
184 Tasciovanus
.
189 Tine...
..
183 Viri
. . . .

Plge
129
160
166
140
166
145
148
129
I
129
161
148
148
161
148
149
130
150
149
162
161
150
166
150
131
168
151
182
168
151
132
162
169
163
151
169
152
153
153
183
187
185
186
VINVdSIH
am
?1 017
,220
/I ?1

l

,
0.9_2
ZAUM
l
e
;
12, gages
\
o
\\
HISPANIA

--__-
f .4
(.41
17M. er .L'Idp.
--
_-_-
~
.

.5A
0:0,, Dad2;
0204:.

_'\1
wf-f

HISPANIA
HISPANIA.
lg.
'. 5: 51-44:: a: 1/
1Q}

_,.-._..~
.-...-I._I f- ,,

HISPANIA.
rm

_
/
HISPANIA.

//./'g
'
1;
.~
/
d
_
.
9501/1151
279%
rec \ /
'
_\

/

0
'
xi
@
we
n
* \
= e<noo
HISPANIA.

\\
6

3
.

F
.
B

HISPANIA.

115.120!
17! A! Jaw
\ HiSPANlA

7
5L?
W
11M)
~j'")
I_ = \\ / 7'\/
1K
\

l
I
l
._
I |
u
11mm
I
I
__
00' v
c
I.
~
J \
|
\r
_
'6'
l

17A
71;,
174 at J'cab.
HISPANIA
XI.
HISPANIA

Z A
((59,
11d, 4:
Jaw

42.11.11.412, bel.
a:
. I
'
H ISPAN IA.

GALLIA.
EA.
jjDeZ,
a
foun.

fj
_f\
(gaa;
\\\ _
t

\

CALLIA.
1M.
0.

\we
_r
..
...25223
..
,
.
e
..%6
...a
.
c
..
.83e
1.9496
z
.Q
Q
\Puniiih_li
a

O
p
c E.

GALLlA.

EJyy.
GALLIA
XVII.
11
4e!

CALLIA.

GALLIA

CALLIA.
'\'. .4
Qyy,
Q11 ("1 fwd:

M
a!
CALLI A

BRlTANNlA.
XXII.
BRITANNIA.
XXUl.
HA
@ytzdxtrimal
BR lTANN IA.

27.11.9471;
112/ a!mail'n
BRITANNIA.

Ancient Coins of Cities and Princes, Geographically Arranged and Described. Hispania, Gallia, Britannia / by John Yonge Akerman

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Ancient Coins of Cities and Princes, Geographically Arranged and Described. Hispania, Gallia, Britannia / by John Yonge Akerman

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

ANCIENTCOINS

Descriz. delle Med.

ASTAPA AND URSO.

Liv. lib.xxi. c.2l.

Doct. Num. Vet. vol.i.

Mvuicip. Pou'rlncls. Grutcr,

Lib.ii. c.i. 14.

The coinof UliaandUrso in alliance, given by Florez,

Arevucis nomen dedit uvius

Tres arae Sestianae

Bc_T1TvLo ET MONTANO Ilvm. In the

Essai" founds his

RT. COELIVS PROCVLVS M. AEMILIVSSEVERVS

Lih. iii. c.3.

Ptolem. lib. ii.

The last letter does not

Recherches Curieuses des

Bell. Gall. lib.viii.

Bell. Gall. lib.vii. c.76.

Descript. p.32, planche, g.22.

Lib. iv. e. 19.

Num. de laGaule Narbonm,

Num de laGaule Narbonn,

Bell. Gall. lib. v. c. 25.

Copiawas, perhaps, originally

Creuzer thinks this a

On these coins the

Ptol. lib. ii.

See the rude coin inscribedTIN. foundwith others

This coin is described and

We have on this and the

Several rude coins in brass have beendiscovered in

The laureated head is found on the Breton

51, Osca. The

Anda mungkin juga menyukai