Division of Physics

School of Advanced Sciences

navamathavan.r@vit.ac.in
Dr. R. Navamat havan
Physi c s Di vi si on
Sc hool of Advanc ed Sc i enc es ( SAS)
Cour se: Moder n Physi c s
PHY 101
14 14--07 07--2014 2014
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Cour se: Moder n Physi c s
PHY 101
Electromagnetic Waves
Black Body Radiation
Planck Radiation Formula
Outline Outline
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Introduction Black body radiation Limitations of classical theory
Rayleigh J eans formula Statistical concepts (FD distributions)
Basic idea of quantization Plancks radiation - Compton effect
Experimental verification Dual nature of Electromagnetic radiation
de-Broglie waves - Davision Germer experiment Heissenberg
uncertainty principle - Schordinger equation (Time independent and
dependent) Particles in a 1D box Eigen values and Eigen functions
- Quantum Mechanical tunneling Scanning electron microscope -
Quantumconfinement quantumwell Wire Dots Introduction to
nanomaterials Moores law Properties of nanomaterials Carbons
nanotubes- Applications of nanotechnology in sensors
18 hours
Unit - I Unit - I
CAT - 1
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Unit - II Unit - II
12 hours
CAT - 2
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Unit - III Unit - III
15 hours
TEE
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Text Books Text Books
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
References References
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Introduction Introduction
Three Failures of Classical Physics: Three Failures of Classical Physics:
1. Blackbody Radiation
2. The Photoelectric Effect
3. The Hydrogen Atom
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Some experimental facts:
1. The blackbody spectrum depends only on the temperature of the
object, and not on what it is made of. An iron horseshoe, a ceramic
vase, and a piece of charcoal --- all emit the same blackbody
spectrumif their temperatures are the same.
2. As the temperature of an object increases, it emits more blackbody
energyat all wavelengths.
3. As the temperature of an object increases, the peak wavelength of
the blackbody spectrum becomes shorter (bluer). For example,
blue stars are hotter than red stars.
4. The blackbody spectrum always becomes small at the left-hand
side (the short wavelength, high frequencyside).
Black Body Radiation Black Body Radiation
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Any object with a temperature above absolute zero emits light at
all wavelengths. If the object is perfectly black (so it doesn't
reflect any light), then the light that comes from it is
calledblackbody radiation.
The energy of blackbody radiation is not shared evenly by all
wavelengths of light.
The spectrum of blackbody radiation (below) shows that some
wavelengths get more energy than others.
Black Body Radiation Black Body Radiation
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Three spectra are shown, for three different temperatures.
(One of the curves is for the surface temperature of the Sun)
Black Body Radiation Black Body Radiation
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
When you listen to the radio,
watch TV, or cook dinner in a
microwave oven
Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves
Waves in the electromagnetic
spectrum vary in size from very
long radio waves the size of
buildings, to very short gamma-rays
smaller than the size of the nucleus
of an atom.
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Electric and Magnetic Fields in EM Waves Electric and Magnetic Fields in EM Waves
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Interference of Water Waves Interference of Water Waves
Division of Physics
School of Advanced Sciences
Origin of Interference Pattern Origin of Interference Pattern
Constructive interference occurs
when the difference in path lengths
from the slits to the screen is , 2,
3andso on
Destructive interference occurs
where the path difference is
/2, 3 /2, 5 /2andso on