1.

Refleks menghisap ( suckling reflex ) Bayi akan melakukan gerakan menghisap ketika anda
menyentuhkan puting susu ke ujung mulut bayi. Refleks menghisap terjadi ketika bayi yang baru lahir
secara otomatis menghisap benda yang ditempatkan di mulut mereka. Refelks
menghisap memudahkan bayi yang baru lahir untuk memperoleh makanan sebelum mereka
mengasosiasikan puting susu dengan makanan. Menghisap adalah refleks yang sangat penting pada
bayi. Refleks ini merupakan rute bayi menuju pengenalan akan makanan. Kemampuan menghisap
bayi yang baru lahir berbeda-beda. Sebagian bayi yang baru lahir menghisap dengan efisien dan
bertenaga untuk memperoleh susu
2. Refleks Menggenggam ( palmar grasp reflex ) Grasping Reflex adalah refleks gerakan jari - jari
tangan mencengkram benda-benda yang disentuhkan ke bayi, indikasi syaraf berkembang normal
hilang setelah 3 - 4 bulan Bayi akan otomatis menggenggam jari ketika Anda menyodorkan jari
telunjuk kepadanya. Reflek menggenggam terjadi ketika sesuatu menyentuh telapak tangan bayi.
Bayi akan merespons dengan cara menggenggamnya kuat kuat.
3. Refelks mencari ( rooting reflex ) Akan terjadi peningkatan kekuatan otot ( tonus ) pada lengan
dan tungkai sisi ketika bayi Anda menoleh ke salah satu sisi.
4. Refleks mencari ( rooting reflex ) Rooting reflex terjadi ketika pipi bayi diusap ( dibelai ) atau di
sentuh bagian pinggir mulutnya. Sebagai respons, bayi itu memalingkan kepalanya ke arah benda
yang menyentuhnya, dalam upaya menemukan sesuatu yang dapat dihisap. Refleks menghisap dan
mencari menghilang setelah bayi berusia sekitar 3 hingga 4 bulan.Refleks digantikan dengan makan
secara sukarela. Refleks menghisap dan mencari adalah upaya untuk mempertahankan hidup bagi
bayi mamalia atau binatang menyusui yang baru lahir, karena dengan begitu dia begitu dia dapat
menentukan susu ibu untuk meperoleh makanan.
5. Refleks Moro ( moro refleks ) refleks Moro adalah suatu respon tiba tiba pada bayi yang baru lahir
yang terjadi akibat suara atau gerakan yang mengejutkan.
6. Babinski Reflex. Refleks primitif pada bayi berupa gerakan jari - jari mencengkram ketika bagian
bawah kaki diusap, indikasi syaraf berkembang dengan normal. Hilang di usia 4 bulan.
7. Swallowing Reflex adalah refleks gerakan menelan benda - benda yang didekatkan ke mulut,
memungkinkan bayi memasukkan makanan ada secara permainan tapi berubah sesuai pengalaman.
8. Breathing Reflex, Refleks gerakan seperti menghirup dan menghembuskan nafas secara berulang -
ulang , fungsi : menyediakan O2 dan membuang CO2, permanen dalam kehidupan
9. Eyeblink Reflex, Refleks gerakan seperti menutup dan mengejapkan mata - fungsi : melindungi
mata dari cahaya dan benda - benda asing - permanen dalam kehidupan jika bayi terkena sinar atau
hembusan angin, matanya akan menutup atau dia akan mengerjapkan matanya.
10.Puppilary Reflex, Refleks gerakan menyempitkan pupil mata terhadap cahaya terang,
membesarkan pupil mata terhadap terhadap lingkungan gelap. - fungsi : melindungi dari cahaya
terang, menyesuaikan terhadap suasana gelap.
11. Refleks Tonic Neck, Disebut juga posisi menengadah, muncul pada usia satu bulan dan akan
menghilang pada sekitar usia 5 bln. Saat kepala bayi digerakkan kesamping, lengan pada sisi tersebut
akan lurus dan lengan yang berlawanan akan menekuk ( kadang - kadang pergerakan akan sangat
halus atau lemah ). Jika bayi baru lahir tidak mampu untuk melakukan posisi ini atau jika reflek ini
terus menetap hingga lewat usia 6 bulan, bayi dimungkinkan mengalami gangguan pada neuron
motorik atas. Berdasarkan penelitian, refleks tonick neck merupakan suatu tanda awal koordinasi
mata dan kepala bayi yang akan menyediakan bayi untuk mencapai gerak sadar.
12. Refleks Tonic labyrinthine / labirin, Pada posisi telentang, reflex ini dapat diamati dengan
mengangkat bayi beberapa saat lalu dilepaskan. Tungkai yang diangkat akan bertahan sesaat
kemudian jatuh. Refleks ini akan hilang pada usia 6 bulan.
13. Refleks Merangkak ( crawling ) Jika ibu atau seseorang menelungkupkan bayi baru lahir, ia
membentuk posisi merangkak karena saat di dalam rahim kakinya tertekuk kearah tubuhnya.
14. Refelks Berjalan dan melangkah ( stepping ) Jika ibu atau seseorang menggendong bayi dengan
posisi berdiri dan telapak kakinya menyentuh permukaan yang keras, ibu / orang tersebut akan
melihat refleks berjalan, yaitu gerakan kaki seperti melangkah ke depan. Jika tulang keringnya
menyentuh sesuatu, ia akan mengangkat kakinya seperti akan melangkahi benda tersebut. Refleks
berjalan ini akan dan berbeda dengan gerakkan berjalan normall, yang ia kuasai beberapa bulan
berikutnya. Menurun setelah 1 minggu dan akan lenyap sekitar 2 bulan.
15. Refleks Yawning, Yakni refleks seperti menjerit kalau ia merasa lapar, iasanya kemudian dan
berlangsung hingga sekitar satu tahun kelahiran. Refleks plantar ini dapat periksa dengan
menggosokkan sesuatu di telapak kakinya, maka jari - jari kakinya akan melekuk secara erat.
16. Refleks Swimming, Reflek ini ditunjukkan pada saat bayi diletakkan di kolam ang berisi air, ia
akan mulai mengayuh dan menendang seperti gerakan berenang. Refleks ini akan menghilang pada
usia empat sampai enam bulan. Refleks ini berfungsi untuk membantu bayi bertahan jika ia
tenggelam. Meskipun bayi akan mulai mengayuh dan menendang seperti berenang, namun
meletakkan bayi di air sangat beresiko. Bayi akan menelan banyak air pada air saat itu.

Rooting reflex.
The 'rooting reflex' causes your baby to turn their head towards the direction of being touched on the
cheek, often opening their mouth quite wide. You will notice your baby doing this whether they are
hungry or not, you may even stimulate this reflex by accidentally brushing your baby's cheek with your
hand or with a piece of clothing.
Babies display the rooting reflex frequently when awake and stimulated. If the mother strokes the
baby's cheek while they are breastfeeding or drinking a bottle, it can make them turn away and stop
feeding. The rooting reflex is very strong for the first 3 to 4 months and can be present up until the
child's first birthday.
Image 10-42 shows a baby displaying the rooting reflex.
Sucking and swallowing.
Yawning, sucking a thumb and swallowing amniotic fluid can first be seen in babies at about 12 to 13
weeks of the pregnancy. The sucking and swallowing reflexes do not fully mature until about 36
weeks of the pregnancy. The baby needs to coordinate the reflexes simultaneously to drink milk. This
is known as the 'sucking - swallowing - breathing' sequence.
Sucking can be triggered when a finger, breast, bottle or dummy is placed into the baby's mouth and
pressure is applied to their palate (the roof of the baby's mouth). This stimulates the sucking reflex,
which can be quite strong and rapid. Sometimes it may be more of a chomping action than sucking.
A newborn baby's desire to suck is very strong and not all the sucking your baby tries (on your finger,
arm, toys or anything else they can reach) relates to hunger and wanting to be fed. Sucking when not
hungry is often referred to as 'non-nutritive sucking' and for some babies this can act as an inbuilt
coping mechanism for extra comfort. This is often why some babies seem to want to 'feed' frequently
or enjoy pacifiers such as dummies.
The sucking reflex is present for up to a year and sometimes longer. The swallowing reflex remains
for life.
Babies are also born with a 'hand-to-mouth' response, known as the 'Babkin reflex'. If your baby
becomes upset or tired, they may resort to this reflex to try and comfort themself.
Gag Reflex.
The 'gag reflex' is triggered when a baby swallows too much milk. In this case the baby closes off their
throat and causes their tongue to push the excess milk out of their mouth. When your baby starts on
solids and finger food (usually around 5-6 months) they tend to gag a lot as they try to become
accustomed to food.
The gag reflex is important for survival and is closely associated with the swallow, cough and sneeze
reflexes. Occasionally a newborn baby will gag on excess mucous in the back of their throats, usually
in the first few days after birth. This can make them momentarily look distressed and turn blue.
Understandably this is distressing to witness. Sitting your baby upright or placing them over your
shoulder will help them to swallow the mucous (or spit it out), although they will usually tend to deal
with it OK on their own.
'Startle' or Moro reflex.
The 'Moro reflex' (also known as the startle reflex) occurs in response to any sudden movement or
loud noise. Your baby will fling their arms out, fan their fingers, extend their legs and then quickly pull
their arms back in towards their body in an 'embrace' position. The reflex can sometimes cause them
to tremor and cry and at times become quite upset.
This reflex can contribute to suddenly waking a sleeping baby, making it difficult to resettle them back
to sleep. This is why some formal settling techniques believe in firm wrapping of the baby to help
minimise this response, preventing the jerky movement from waking the baby unnecessarily.
The Moro reflex may be stimulated by your caregiver to test your baby's central nervous system
development and muscle tone. This is done by your caregiver (or paediatrician) lifting the baby's
shoulders up from the bed at a 45
o
angle, then allowing the baby's head to gently drop back into the
caregiver's other hand. You may wish to think twice about testing for this reflex yourself, as it usually
makes the baby cry, then the parents cry too!
The Moro reflex usually disappears by the time the baby is 8 to 10 weeks old.
Crawling reflex.
When you place your newborn on his or her stomach, they will usually draw their legs up under their
belly (as they were in the womb). They can then kick their legs out and often be able to shuffle and
move in a crawling motion. (This is why you should never leave your baby unattended on something
high like a bed or change table). If you apply firm pressure to the soles of their feet it will trigger a
response to push forward. (This does not mean that your baby will be an early crawler!) The 'crawling
reflex' is only present for the first 4 weeks and therefore lost before the baby is on the move and
formally crawling
Grasping reflex.
The action of grasping is also known as the 'palmar grasp reflex'. You will notice your baby instantly
closing their fingers around your finger (or other objects such as your hair, beard or necklace), often
holding tightly and even tugging quite hard - so be warned! The grasping reflex can be very strong,
even in premature babies, which have been shown to be able to support their own body weight by
'hanging freely' with just grasping by both hands. The grasp reflex remains present for the first 3 to 4
months of life.
Walking and stepping reflex.
When you touch the soles of your baby's feet they will curl their toes. This reflex remains present until
the baby starts standing up by themselves. Another reflex located on the sole of the foot is called the
'Babinski reflex'. If you were to gently stroke the sole from heel to toe, your baby would turn up their
toes and turn their foot inwards. The Babinski reflex is present for the first 2 years.
Walking and stepping. If you hold your baby upright with your hands underneath their armpits and the
baby's feet touching a flat surface, your baby will simulate a 'walking movement' or 'stepping action'.
The walking or stepping reflex is present for the first 8 weeks.
Tonic neck or 'fencing' reflex.
This reflex can be stimulated by turning your baby's head to one side while they are lying on their
back. The baby will respond by straightening the arm and leg on the side the baby faces and bending
the arm and leg on the opposite side. It is believed that this reflex helps protect the baby from rolling
over.
Traction response.
The 'traction response' or 'head lag' is another reflex tested by caregivers soon after birth. The baby is
held by both wrists and lifted forward into a sitting position. The baby's head should first 'lag' back,
then straighten and fall forward.
Galant reflex.
The 'Galant reflex' may also be used your caregiver or paediatrician to test the development of your
baby's spinal nerves. The baby is held under their stomach while the caregiver gently uses finger
strokes along one side of the baby's back. In response your baby will arch their body, and pull his or
her pelvis towards the side that was stroked (similar to being tickled on one of our sides). It is thought
to be a swimming reflex left over from our amphibian ancestors. The Galant reflex is present for the
first 9 months.
The presence and strength of a reflex is an important sign of nervous system development and
function.
Many infant reflexes disappear as the child grows older, although some remain throughout adulthood.
A reflex that is still present after the age when it would normally disappear can be a sign of brain or
nervous system damage.
Infant reflexes are responses that are normal in infants, but abnormal in other age groups. These
include:
Moro reflex
Sucking reflex (sucks when area around mouth is touched).
Startle reflex (pulling arms and legs in after hearing loud noise).
Step reflex (stepping motions when sole of foot touches hard surface).
Other infant reflexes include:
Tonic neck reflex. This reflex occurs when the head of child who is relaxed and lying face up is
moved to the side. The arm on the side where the head is facing reaches away from the body with the
hand partly open. The arm on the side away from the face is flexed and the fist is clenched tightly.
Turning the baby's face in the other direction reverses the position. The tonic neck position is often
described as the fencer's position because it looks like a fencer's stance.
Truncal incurvation or Galant reflex. This reflex occurs the side of the infants spine is stroked or
tapped while the infant lies on the stomach. The infant will twitch his or her hips toward the touch in a
dancing movement.
Grasp reflex. This reflex occurs if you place a finger on the infant's open palm. The hand will close
around the finger. Trying to remove the finger causes the grip to tighten. Newborn infants have strong
grasps and can almost be lifted up if both hands are grasping your fingers.
Rooting reflex. This reflex occurs when the baby's cheek is stroked. The infant will turn toward the
side that was stroked and begin to make sucking motions.
Parachute reflex. This reflex occurs in slightly older infants when the child is held upright and the
babys body is rotated quickly to face forward (as in falling). The baby will extend his arms forward as
if to break a fall, even though this reflex appears long before the baby walks.
Examples of reflexes that last into adulthood are:
Blinking reflex -- blinking the eyes when they are touched or when a sudden bright light
appears
Cough reflex -- coughing when the airway is stimulated
Gag reflex -- gagging when the throat or back of the mouth is stimulated
Sneeze reflex -- sneezing when the nasal passages are irritated
Yawn reflex - yawning when the body needs more oxygen
A reflex is a type of involuntary (without trying) response to stimulation. The Moro reflex is one
of many reflexes that are seen at birth. It normally disappears after 3 or 4 months.
Considerations
Your baby's doctor will check for this reflex right after birth and during well-child visits.
To see the Moro reflex, the child will be placed face up on a soft, padded surface.
The head is gently lifted with enough support to just begin to remove the body weight from the
pad. (Note: The infant's body should not be lifted off the pad, only the weight removed.)
The head is then released suddenly, allowed to fall backward for a moment, but quickly
supported again (not allowed to bang on the padding).
The normal response is for the baby to have a startled look. The baby's arms should move
sideways with the palms up and the thumbs flexed. The baby may cry for a minute.
As the reflex ends, the infant draws its arms back to the body, elbows flexed, and then
relaxes.
What reflexes should be present in a newborn?
Reflexes are involuntary movements or actions. Some movements are spontaneous, occurring as part of the
baby's usual activity. Others are responses to certain actions. Reflexes help identify normal brain and nerve
activity. Some reflexes occur only in specific periods of development. The following are some of the
normal reflexes seen in newborn babies:
Root reflex. This reflex begins when the corner of the baby's mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will
turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and "root" in the direction of the stroking. This
helps the baby find the breast or bottle to begin feeding.
Suck reflex. Rooting helps the baby become ready to suck. When the roof of the baby's mouth is touched,
the baby will begin to suck. This reflex does not begin until about the 32nd week of pregnancy and is not
fully developed until about 36 weeks. Premature babies may have a weak or immature sucking ability
because of this. Babies also have a hand-to-mouth reflex that goes with rooting and sucking and may suck
on fingers or hands.
Moro reflex. The Moro reflex is often called a startle reflex because it usually occurs when a baby is
startled by a loud sound or movement. In response to the sound, the baby throws back his or her head,
extends out the arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in. A baby's own cry can startle him
or her and begin this reflex. This reflex lasts about five to six months.
Tonic neck reflex. When a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the
opposite arm bends up at the elbow. This is often called the "fencing" position. The tonic neck reflex lasts
about six to seven months.
Grasp reflex. Stroking the palm of a baby's hand causes the baby to close his/her fingers in a grasp. The
grasp reflex lasts only a couple of months and is stronger in premature babies.
Babinski reflex. When the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back toward the top of the
foot and the other toes fan out. This is a normal reflex up to about 2 years of age.
Step reflex. This reflex is also called the walking or dance reflex because a baby appears to take steps or
dance when held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface.