KAJIAN AUDIT TENAGA

DI BANGUNAN
PUSAT PERUBATAN
UNIVERSITI
MALAYA
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Submission of Dr
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12 January 2009
UNIVERSITI
MALAYA
MEDICAL
CENTRE
(UMMC)
ENERGY
AUDIT REPORT
Prepared by:
Usains Holding Sdn. Bhd. & Group of Companies
(Wholly-owned by Universiti Sains Malaysia)
Kompleks EUREKA, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 USM PENANG.
Teh 604.658 3655 Fax 604-657 221.0 Email: mdusains@usainsgroup.com
\llvl/w.usalnsgroup,c0rn
Kementerian
Tenaga, Air Dan
Komunikasi
MalaYsia
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DRAFT
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UNIVERSITY MALAYA MEDICAL CENTRE (UMMC)
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
2.1. Background
Energy audits for govemment buildings are initiated by the Ministry of Energy
Water and Communication (MEWC) in response to the Prime Minister's directive on
10% energy saving in Government Buildings. In order to irnplement the energy
saving measures to the buildings, it is necessary to measure the energy consumption
and also the environmental conditions of the buildings. Therefore, an integrated and
multi-disciplirury approach energy audit has been conducted.
The client of this project is the Ministry of Energy, Water and Communication
(MEWC).
Consultant
The consultant for this energy audit study is USAINS Holding Sdn. Bhd. The energy
audit team members are as follows:
Client 2.2
2.3
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
2.4
Dr. Mohd Rodzi Ismail
Associate Professor Dr.
Associate Professor Ar.
Associate Professor Dr.
Scope of Works
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
(Team Leader)
Faridah Ibrahim
Dr. Abdul Malek Abdul Rahman
Z arnal Alimu ddin ZainaI Alau d din
To review Maintenance Contract
To propose and review Energy Efficiency Policy
To review maintenance monthly report
To review organization chart
Maintenance budget
The scope of works of this energy audit are divided into four area namely overall
building characteristics, energy managemen! passive system and active system audit.
Detail works are as follow:
2.4.1 Overallbuilding characteristics:
a) Background and description of the building
b) Building Energy Index calculation
2.4.2 To conduct energy management audit for various area as below:
v11.
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DRAFT
2.1.3 To conduct energ-y audit on passive system:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
s)
h)
i)
i)
k)
1)
Window shading
/
glaztnglevel
Window design and opening
Day lighting opportunities
I{atl
/
Roof insulation
To determine OTTV, RTTV (estimate)
Building Orientation and footprint
Landscaping
Natural ventilation opportunities
Roof structure
-
pitch, material and colour
Ceiling
-
heighg material and colour
Floor material and colour
Wall- material and colour
2.4.4 To conduct energy audit on active system:
a) Air-conditioning system
i. To study air-conditioning operating schedule.
ii. To conduct energy power measurement and analysis for
air-conditioning system and chilled water pumps.
iii. To conduct flow measurement and analysis for chilled
water condenser.
iv. To carry out measurement of air flow, chilled water, air
,
temperafure, pressure drop measurement and analysis for
selected AHU.
v. To conduct differential pressure measurement for pump
system (depends on site condition).
vi. To conduct chilled and condenser water supply and refurn
temperafu re measurement.
To estimate Coefficient of Performance (COP).
To conduct temperature,COz, and Relative Humidity (RH)
comfort level survey for selected room.
To conduct Variable Air Volume (VAV) zoning and air
change analysis.
Lighting
i. To study lighting schedule.
ii. To conduct measurement and analysis of lighting fitting
layout and lux level
To conduct power measurement and analysis.
To conduct lighting control systems and zoning analysis.
Ventilation System/Indoor Air
Quality
& Infiltration
i. To study ventilation system operating schedule.
ii. To conduct air flow measurement and analysis.
iii. To conduct energ-y and power measurement for selected
fans.
iv. To conduct CO and COz level measurement and analysis.
v. Analysis on zoning and air change measurement
Boiler
/
Hot Water System
i. To conduct flue gas measurement and analysis.
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To conduct power measurement and analysis (if
applicable).
To conduct steam trap inspection and analysis.
To conduct insulation inspection and analysis.
0
Building Automation System (BAS)
i. To perform measurement variation study between actual
and the reading in system.
ii.
'
To study the characteristics of BAS in term of monitoring,
control and reporting
Office Equipment
i. To conduct survey on office equipment such as printers,
computers, photocopy machine, etc. in selected office area
Vertical Transportation
i. To conduct lift and escalator operating schedule and
analysis.
ii. To conduct power measurement and analysis.
Electrical Supply and Distribution
i. To conduct power distribution profile monitoring and
analysis.
To conduct load balancing evaluation and end load survey.
To conduct har:rnonics and power quality evaluation.
To conduct electrical energy load loss survey & site
evaluation for the transformers and UPS system.
To study on energy usage
-
tarrtf
,
Maximum demand,
consumption and power factor.
Division or works for each consultant from the above scopes are shown in Appendix
1. All secondary information gained for the energy audit at UMMC was given by the
office of PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan.
2.5 Dwation of Energy Audit
The dates and duration of energy audit conducted is shown in a Gantt chart in
Appendix 2.
BUILDING PROFILE
3.1 Site Description
University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) is one of the organisations in the
Ministry of Higher Education. Main objectives of UMMC are health services,
learning and research. UMMC is situated in the south-west comer of Kuala Lumpur,
the dynamic and bustling capital city of Malaysia. It was officially opened on 5th
August 1968. UMMC has since expanded rapidly from its original sole tower and
ancillary blocks to a medical complex that provides modern medical care for Klang
11.
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iv.
e)
s)
h)
11.
iii.
iv.
v.
DRAFT
valley area and is the first learning centre that provides medical and paramedic staffs
in the health industry in Malaysia.
The organisation structure and administration of UMMC is shown in Figure 3.1.
E oard Of Direcio
Of Manage
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Figure 3.1 : Organisation Structure of UMMC
UMMC is managed by a Director and assisted by two Deputy Directors. Figure
shows the management structure of UMMC.
3.2
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Figure 3.2 : The management structure of UMMC
Being a medical service complex, UMMC operates 24/7.It has 883 beds and 3500
staff.
UMMC consists of a number of buildings, of which Menara Utam4 Menara Timur
and Trauma & Kecemasa-n, are the three most significant buildings. Table 3.1 shows
some physical information about these three buildings. Information on other
buildings within the complex is shown in Appendix 3.
DRAFT
No. Building Usage No. of
Floors
Year of
Completion
Occupied
Area (m2)
1 Menara Utama \Nard/Clnic/
Administration
14 1968 42,274.45
2 Menara Timur Ward/Lab/ Office 10 7994 57,744.67
.) Trauma &
Kecemasan
Trauma &
emergency
treatment
6 2004 36,251.00
Total floor area(m2) 130,270.12
Total floor area for all UMMC complex (m2) L93,06L.2S
Table 3.L : Physical in{ormation on Menara Utama, Menara Timur and Trauma and
Kecemasan buildings.
3.2 Historical Energy Consumption
3.2.1, Annual Electrical Consumption 2004 - 2007
Table 3.2 and. Graph 3.1 show the annual electrical consumption and costs for
UMMC from 2004 to 2007.
Year kwh Cost
(RM)
20Q4 42,727,933 9,850,940.62
2005 48,479,282 11,176,296.94
2006 47,503,917 71,803,298.63
2007 47,474,9U 72,387,707.24
2008
(Tanuarv
to Tulv 28,088,339.00 7,609,137.74
Table 3.2 : Annual electrical consumption and cost from 2004 to 2007
Annual Electrical Consumption (2004 to 2007)
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Year
2006
F*-:.r kwh
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RM
Graph 3.1 : Annual electrical consumption and costs from 2004to 2007
DRAFT
There was a 159/o increase in energy consumption in 2005 which according to the PTJ
Sumber Perkhidmatan, was due to the completion of the Trauma and Kecemasan
building and began lts 24/7 operations.
Ner-ertheless, this was a significant increase compared to the following years of 2006
and 2007 u'hich showed a reduction of 2% and 0.1% respectively. Despite the slight
reduclion, the electricity charges was on the rise due to the increase in electricity
tariff in 2006.
3,2,2 Electrical Consumption for the Last 12 months (August 2007
- ]uly
2008)
The electrical consumption averages about 3,750,000 k\Afh per month as shown in
Graph 3.2.
Electrical Consumption for 12 Months (August 2007 to July 2008)
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4.20
4.10
4.00
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3.80
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3.60
3.50
3.40
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1.40
1.20
1.00
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0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Aug Sept Oct N ov
(2007)
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Dec Jan
(2008)
K k\ /h
--o--
RM
Graph 3.2 : The electrical consumption for 12 months (August 2007 to
iuly
2008)
Based on the last twelve months of electrical consumption, 47,813,113 kWh and
RM12,485,580.74, the Building Energy Intensity Index (BEII) for the UMMC complex
is 248k\t\4t/r?/yr.
Table 3.3 shows the yearly BEII comparisons which reflects a sudden increase in
2005 and stabilised thereafter. The operation of the Trauma and Kecemasan building
has a great influence on the BEII.
DRAFT
BEI kWWrft/w
2004 218
2005 251
2006 246
2007 246
Last12 Months firW 2007 to lune 2008) 248
Table 3.3 : BEII comparisons
METHODOLOGY
This section discusses the methodology in conducting the energy audit which is
divided into passive and active elements.
4.1, Passive
Passive design is seen in totality and not from its individual mode. Site surveillance
was conducted with a discerning and trained rnind to;
i. identify the areas with existing and potential passive elements as illustrated in
Table 4.1. Photographs were taken and used as documentary evidence.
ii. propose passive modifications
Comoonent Area Elements
Building site 1.
2.
Land & Sea Breeze
Prevailins vallev winds
Building
design
1. Reduce Heat Gain c.
d
Building materials
Orientation
Sun shadings
Creepers
Insulation
Reflective materials
Double walls
Double roofs
Moisturizins
e.
f.
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Encouraging Air
Movement
a. Orientation
b. Wind deflectors
c. Open plan interiors
d. Stack effect
e. Openings
f . Courtvards
3. Daylighting a
b
c
Orientation
Sun pipes
Fiber optics
Table 4.1 : Passive design elements
Active
4.2.1. Air-Conditioning System
Initial observation and walk through was carried out and followed by actual
measurement and calculation at selected locations:
a. Air conditioning operating schedule
4.2
DRAFT
e.
Energv power measurement
Performance of air conditioning chilled water system:
i. Chilled water temperatures
ii. Power consumption: motor for compressors and pumps
in. Condenser water temperatures
Performance of selected AHU:
i. Chilled water temperatures
ii. Power consumption: motors for the blowers
iii. Supply and return air temperatures
iv. Air exchange analysis
CAP estimate.
The measuring equipments are shown in Figure 4.1 to Figure 4-4.
Hot wire anemometer
Figure 4.3 : RH ur-ld t"rrrp"rature
The list of measuring equipments
meter Figure 4.4 : TemPerafure meter
is given in Table 4.2.
No. Measuring equipment Accuracies
1 Hot wire anemometer
2 Flow meter
3 RH and temperature meter
4 Temperature meter
Table 4.2:List of measuring equipments and their accuracies
Data collection at the various locations are shor,rm in Figure 4.5 to 4.8.
DRAFT
Figure 4.8 : Data collection at laundry
room
Figure 4.7 : Air flow measurement at
Menara Timur AC inlet
4.2.2 Boiler
There is no large conventional boiler in the premises.
4.2.3 Verticaltransportation
The numbers of elevators, their motor power consumption and frequency of
use ( weekdays/weekend) were identified.
4.2.4 Building Automation System (BAS)
The availability of BAS and their control parameters were determined.
4.2.5 Lighting
The illuminance levels at the work plane or waist height for the selected areas
in the UMMC buildings were measured by using a digital light meter.
As shown in Figure 4.9, the illuminance measured by the digital light meter is
within the accuracy range when cross-checked with another light meter
(TESTO 545) at the Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Figure 4.5 : Data collection at Menara
Utama chiller room
Figure 4.6: Air flow measurement at
Menara Timur AC outlet
10
DRAFT
Figure 4.9 : Illuminance within accuracy range
4.2.6 Power
The power consumed by the medical and general office equipments, and
lightings were measured using a power quality analyzer and a clamp
multimeter. The power quality analyzer was reset to its factory settings before
taking any measurement.
The power measurements were done by clamping each phase current
carrying wire and connecting each of the two test pins to neutral and the
respective phase as shown schematically ir Figure 4.10. The total power was
calculated by summing up the power of the various phases.
ff.l
The
Figure 4.10 : Measuring power
list of measuring equipments is given in Table 4.3.
No. Measurins eouinment Accuracies
1 Tenma 72-6693 Lux meter x5%
2 Fluke 438 Power
Quality
Analyzer t2%
J Chauvin Arnoux F 09 Clamp multimeter x2%
Table 4.3 : Measuring equipments
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DRAFT
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5.1
Load
profile
and Energy
Apportioning
i a-rie 5.1 shon-s
the building
end_use
energy
apportioning.
Building
End-use
Energy
Apportioning
End-Use
Loads
Lighting
Approximate
Annual
kwh
o/
/0
3,488,832 't0.4
\Iedical
and General
Equipments
-
Air Conditioning
-
Lift
1,981,354
5.9
22,756.290
68.0
5,227,092
15.6
Table 5.1 : Building
end_use
energy
apportioning.
5.2
Building
and System
Characteristic
5.2.1
passive
System
5.2.1_JL
The Building
Site
Figure
5.1 : UMMC
site
UMMC
is a typical
site that is cluttered
with buildings.
Bu'dings
which are built
close to one another
would
oniy
prevent
tr-r"'-rr.r,
required
wind conditions
to herp reduce
radiant
heat on building
enveropes
and arso prevents
the deveropment
of heat islands.
o"ly
"th;i"i
floo, revels
do one experience
some rerevant
air verocities.
But wind londitions
in Maraysia
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12
DRAFT
especialiy in urban areas are unpredictable in its direction and also
unpredictable in its speed as well to provide cross ventilation. So for this site,
r,r'ind cannot be relied upon to provide comfort conditions for its interiors.
One can then resort to the building Iabric and to identify where are the areas
where improvement can be made to mitigate the energy consumption.
5.2.L.2 Others
Other elements of passive design including orientation, fagade, landscape,
daylighting features, OTTV and RTTV are explained in section 6.1. Data and
example of calculation for passive systems are shown in Appendix 4.
5.2.2 Active System
5.2.2.1 Air-conditioning and Ventilation System
UMMC uses four types of air conditioning systems as shown in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2: Types of air conditioning at audited buildings
5.2.2.1.1Menara Utama and Menara Timur Chilled Water System
Menara Utama and Menara Timur air conditioning system uses the chilled
water system. The chillers characteristics are given in Table 5.3.
Chiller RT Aee Service Area
1 950 >
10
years
Menara Utama
2 950 3 years (replaced
2005)
Menara Utama
J 950 3 years (replaced
2005)
Menara Timur
4 950 >
10 vears Menara Timur
Total RT 1900
1 RT
:
12,000 Btu/hr
:
3.511 kW
Table 5.3 : Characteristics of chillers
Out of the four chillers, only two are in operation at one time.
There are three pumps i.e. two chilled water pumps (125 hp primary pump
and 50 hp secondary pump)and a 75hp condenser pump. They operate24/7.
No. Tvne of AC Service Area
1 Chilled water system Menara Utama (Floors G to 2 and 6 to 13)
Menara Timur (Floors 1 to 10)
Trauma & Kecemasan
(GF
and Level 1)
2 Mini air cooled chiller
SVStem
Menara Utama (Floors 3, 4 and 5)
Trauma & Kecemasan
(Standbv)
J Air cooled
packaqe
unit Menara Utama
(Floor
5)
4 Air cooled split unit (ducted
tvpe)
Menara Utama (Floor 14)
Trauma & Kecemasan
(Parkins
booth, kiosk)
13
Floor Tvoe ofAC No of Units Total FCU Total Btu/hr
J Mini Air Cooled Chiller 9 48 1,075,000
4 Mini Air Cooled Chiller 8 52 925,000
5 Mini Air Cooled Chiller
Air Cooled Packase Unit
4
2
20 750,000
300,000
DRAFT
5.2.2.1.2 Menara Utama air handling unit (AHU) and fan coil unit (FCU)
The air conditioning system for floors 6-13 is Chilled Water System with
AHUs and FCU
Wing A andB
Menara Utama Wirg A and Wirg B have 16 Trane (model BDVA 090-3R2)
AHUs with a total capaclty of 4,654,4008tu/ht.
Each AHU has a capacity of 290,000 Bl:u/ht, flow rate 9000 cfm and motor
power 5.5 kW. The flow rate in each room is approximately 350 - 400 cfm.
Wing C
Wirg C has 18 FCUs with central condenser cooling. Capacity of the each
FCU is 45,000 Btu/hr.
Floor14
Wings A, B and C use 62 ducted type Air Cooled Split unit with a total
capacity of 168 hp. The air conditioning systems are operated on need basis.
Floors 3,4 anil S
Two air conditioning systems are being used for the stated floors as indicated
in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4 : Types of air conditioning systems on floors 3, 4 and5
Operation Theatre
(Eloor
2)
The ten operation theatres are served by 10 AHUs which receive air supply
from two primary AHUs. The whole system operates with 100% fresh air.
5.2.2.1..3 Menara Timur air handling unit (AHU) and fan coil unit (FCU)
Menara Timur has a total of S7AHUs and three Chilled Water Fan Coil Unit.
Each AHU and FCU blower has a capacity of 5 kW. The operation theatres
have 10 AHUs with heat exchangers to utilize the retum air to cool the
incoming 100% fresh air.
5.2.2.l.4Trauma & Kecemasan (T&K)
a. Chilled water system
T&K has three chillers, each with a refrigeration capacity of 250 RT. Normally
a chiller is operated at any one time. However, in the case of power failure for
more than 3 hours, 2 chillers will be used at start up to reach the required
refrigeration capacity. Four mini air cooled chillers are installed as backup
system.
't4
Figure 5.2 : Air outlet blocked by paper
DRAFT
T&K has three 50 hp chilled water pumps and three 25 hp condenser water
pumps.
b. AHU, FCU and Split units
The AHU, FCU and splitunits for T&K are shown in Table 5.5.
Floor Number Total Capacitv Gtu/hr)
G 9 AHUs
4 FCUs
4,368,200
NA
1 3 AHUs
14 FCUs
1,,654,191
NA
Kiosks 10 split units 80,000
Parkine lots 1 split unit 10,000
Table 5.5 : Types of air conditioning systems in Trauma & Kecemasan
building
5.2.2.1..6 Chiller, AHU and Room Data
The chiller, selected AHU and room data are presented in the Appendix 5.
5.2.2J1.7 Indoor Climatic Conditions
The temperature in the wards is generally about 20oC. However there are
wards having temperature of 18oC. For a patient lying still on the bed the
temperature, he might feel rather cold even with a blanket but perhaps not so
for the nurses and doctors who are constantly on their feet. Due to the low
temperature, the air outlet was observed to be intentionally blocked by a
piece of paper by perhaps a patient to increase the temperature inside the
room as shown in Figure 6.1and6.2.
Air outlet blocked by curtain
unintentionally
5.2.2.2 Boiler
UMMC's conventional diesel fired boiler has bee replaced :lr.2004 with a LPG
fired system. The annual LPG cost is RM 300,000 for 2007 with a 70% saving
from the conventional system 1M .
Figure 5.3 :
15
DRAFT
5.2.2.3 Vertical kansportation
Information on vertical transportation is in Table 5.6.
Building No of Lifts
Power Consumption of
Each Lift &W)
Frequency of Use
Menara Utama
't2
25
24/7
Menara Timur 8
J
18
26.9
Trauma &
Kecemasan
4 18
Table 5.6 : Information on vertical transportation
5.2.2.4 Total Power Consumption
a. Air conditioning
Table 5.7 shows the total air conditioning power consumption for the audited
buildings.
Annual total power consumption for Air conditioning at Menara Utama
Power(hp)
Quantity
Power(kW) k
Chiller
CWpump
Primary
Cwpump second
Cooling Pu-p
Floor 6-13
AHU Wing A &B
FCU Wing C
Floor 14 (62 splt
unit)
Floor 3,4,5
ACPU
MAC
FCU
AHU
230
93.75
37.5
56.25
5.5
2
"t26
2
5.5
375
75
112.5
88
252
126
15
46
240
55
Total
3285000
657000
985500
770880
2207520
1103760
131400
402960
2102400
481800
76757820
2 460 4029600
125
50
75
4
2
2
16
126
168
2
21
120
10
Annual total power consumption at Menara Timur
Total
Power(hp) Power(kW)
Quantity Power kWh,/vear
Blower AHU
OT AHU
FCU blower
5.5
5.5
2
57
10
.1
313.5
55
6
Total
2746260
481800
52560
3280620
Total
76
Annual total power consumption at Trauma
Power
Power(hp) (kw)
Total
Power
Quantity
(kW)
DRAFT
kWtr/year
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ClVpump
Cooling Pomp
Blower AHU (G)
Blower AHU (1)
FCU blower (G)
FCU blower (1)
Split units
50
25
2L0
37.5
18.75
5
5
2
2
1.5
1
1
1
9
3
4
1.4
11
Total
210
37.5
1,8.75
45
15
8
28
16.5
1839600
328500
164250
394200
131400
70080
245280
144540
3317850
Table 5.7 :Totalair conditioning power consumption
The power output at the Trauma centre, Menara Utama and Menara Timur
are about 3,317,850 k\Atrh/year, 16,157,820 k\r\4r/year and3,280,620krNh/year
respectively.
Total estimated power consumption for air conditioning is about 22,756,290
kVVh/ year for the three premises. The total power consumption of UMMC is
about 46,234,428 k\Afh and that the power consumption of premises concern is
about 80% maJcing the total power consumption to be about 36,987,542 k\Afh.
The power consumption of the air conditioning system at the concern
premises is therefore found to be about 61% .
b. Lift
The power consumption for the lifts at Menara Utama, Menara Timur and
Trauma Centre is shown in Table 5.8. This compares to about 14o/o of the total
power consumption.
Building No of
Lifts
Power
Consumption
of Each Lift
(kw)
Total Power
Consumption
(kw)
Total
kwfy'yr
Menara
Utama
12 25 300
5,227,092
Menara
Timur
8
J
18
26.9
224.7
Trauma &
Kecemasan
4 18 72
Total 596.7
Table 5.8 : Total power consumption for lifts
17
DRAFT
5.2.L5 Coefficient of Performance (COP)
The COP for chillers are shown in Table 5.9.
COP of the chiller at
Trauma & Kecemasan
COP of chiller at Menara
Utama
Power input for chiller 797kW 591.4 kW
Refriseration canacitv 250 RT (7e0 kW) esO RT (2660 kw)
COP 4.01 4.50
Table 5.9 : COP for chillers
The coefficient of performance of the chiller at the Trauma centre is about 4.01
and that for the Menara Utama is about 4.50. The COPs of the chillers are
based on the power consumption with RLA of 60% and 90% for Menara
Utama and Trauma centre respectively. The actual refrigerant capacity is not
the tonnage of the chiller but rather determined by the product of the
enthalpies of the chilled water and the mass flow rate of the chilled water. It
is estimated that the actual refrigeration capacity is about 80% of the
manufacfu rer's specification.
5.2.2.6 B AS/Energy Management System
The BAS was installed for all AHUs at Menara Timur n 1996. A11 the
electrical system particularly the air conditioning system is being upgraded
for better control. The commissioning and operational of the new BAS will
complete at the end of 2008.
5.2.2.7 Lighting system
UMMC has two distinct lighting approaches;
i. 'Cool Daylight'fluorescent-lit Menara Timur and Trauma Unit
The majority of the light fixtures in Menara Timur and Trauma are 'cool
daylighf fluorescent lamps (EU energy rating B) with low loss ballast,
reflectors and louvres, except in the operation theater section which uses the
energy efficient fluorescent lamps (EU energy rating A).
The illuminance levels in these fluorescent lit areas are within the
MS1525:2001 specified levels.
As for Menara Timur, it is possible to reduce the number of lamps used while
maintaining similar illuminance levels by cleaning up the reflectors. Most of
these reflectors have lost their luster. This is because both preventive lighting
maintenance and cleaning services do not include light fixtures cleaning as
part of their job specifications.
18
DRAFT
Figure 5.4 : Fluorescent lightings in Menara Timur and Trauma
Subdued lighting in Menara Utama and Menara Timur Renovated
Floors
In contrast with Menara Timur and Trauma Unit which maximize light
through reflection, lighting in Menara Utama and the Menara Timur
renovated floors are more subdued as shown in Figure 5.5, basically by using
a combination of lighting fixtures such as
o recessed energy efficient (EU energy rating A) cornpact fluorescent lamps
and reflective luminaries,
o hidden-regessed normal fluorescent lamps,
o recessed normal fluorescent lamps with opaque diffusers,
r
50 W down-light especially at the lift lobbies.
Menara Utama
(b) Corridor lightings in the Menara Timur renovated floor
Figure 5.5 : Lighting fixtures in Menara Utama and renovated floor of Menara
Timur
19
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DRAFT
However, this subdued lighting approach or affectionately called'hospital as
a home' has caused the average illuminance levels to fall below the MS
75'X:2001. reconunended levels especially at the nurse stations and sub-
stations in the wards, selected lift lobbies, Menara Timur tenth floor waiting
area and the Menara Utama fourteenth floor administrative office.
5.2.2.5 Office and Medical Equipments
Both flat screen
.and
cathode monitors are being used in the offices,
laboratories, teaching units and nursing wards. However, recent purchases
are flat screen monitors. Most of the computers are switched off at the wall
plug when not used.
Electrical autoclaves are used to sterilize medical equipments.
Heat pumps are used to provide hot water supply to the wards and cold air to
the lift motor roofirs.
UMMC being a hospital has many high power medical equipments such as
MRI, linear accelerator, digital mammography, computer radiography, ultra
sound and x-ray which are housed in Menara Timur and are heavily used.
There are also several high power medical equipments in the Trauma Unit
which are used as needed. More information on the medical equipments and
their exact locations are listed in Appendix 6.
5.2.3 Building Energy Indices
Table 5.10 shows the building energy indices.
Index
kWly'm2-year
Before After
Buildins Enersv Intensitv Index GEII 248
Lishtine Enersv Intensitv Index
(LEII)
27 26
Air-conditionins Enersv Intensitv Index
(ACEII)
175
Table 5.10 shows the building energy indices.
BEII of 248 is found to be lower than the BEII of around 280 k\Atrh/mz-year for typical
office building design.
70
DRAFT
6.0 ENERGY SAVING MEASURES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.L Passive
6J1,.1 Building Design_- Reduce Heat Gain
A. Menara Timur
i. Orientation and sunshading
The straight long faqade of the building faces the moming sun unlike where
the afternoon sun falls on staggered faqade. Any openings that face the East-
West orientation are reconunended to be shaded from the sun rays from
entering the interior. This is to prevent any heat build up inside the building
that warms up the indoor climate (the Greenhouse Effect). Warm indoor
climate would then necessitate reduced air temperafure from air conditioners.
Reduced air conditioning temperafure means increase energy consumption
and reversing the process to acceptable level would be encouraged. Please
refer to powerpoint presentation for ideas of sun-shading.
ii. Material and white paint
The predominant building material for the Menara Timur is concrete
-
columns, external walls and beams. Concrete absorbs heat readily, store it
and release the heat during night time. This is not good for the indoor climate
as the stored heat is transferred from the strucfure to the cooler interior. Air
-
conditioning is then used to counteract this thermal behavior. It is therefore
advisable to paint the external faqade with light colored paint to reflect heat.
iiL Open plan interiors, openings and courtyards
The system of open plan interiors, openings and courtyards are not carefully
thought out systematically. Most courtyards took a backseat and were not
incorporated as an element that can give a cooling effect. Courtyards are
21
DRAFT
enclosed and tum into atriums but have no environmental value. Daylight
and natural ventilation were not considered.
2. Eltd4i4 Air-t. Otrnbh
(lenlngrl0
Of
Mffinsr l.Wtndtur'
WindOWS WOUId
l.opd'llninkri{s
enhancebetter
lffi#
aif movement
6" f$urtYards
lt is then recofiunended to at these elements again and see where
they can be used to enhanced the indoor environment.
izs. Daylighting
and how
This picture above shows one of the few positive steps taken for utilizing
daylight. Notice that the ceiling lights were not switched on. The minus point
is that it is air conditioned. Maybe a sliding window would help to provide
natural ventilation to be supplemented with either ceiling or wall fan. And as
for the right picture some form of green plantation is needed to cool the hard
landscape.
22
DRAFT
B. Menara Utama
Orient ation and mat erial
The glass tower is the most uncomfortable area to be in when the sun shines
into it. This puts a strain on the air-conditioning at the lift lobby.
lnstall extractor
fans at intervals
It would be rational to demolish as it was newly built. Therefore the possible
solution is to mitigate the already worsening sifuation by installing extractor
fan at interval floors to suck out the hot air generated by the greenhouse
effect. This would help to reduce the strain by the air-conditioning in making
the lift lobby to an acceptable temperature.
iL Courtyard and trees
Refer to section A. Also encourage to plants more trees that give shade. This
would cool the surrounding areas and reduce heat islands.
23
DRAFT
C. Trauma and Emergency Building
i. Daylight
Here daylight seems to be having a problem with glare as shown in the
picture. Where there are window openings that can allow daylight to come in
it was welcome because of glare.
The possible solution is to replace transparent glass with translucent glazing
since looking out is not much of a concern.
ii. Materials
As for the polycarbonate use as roof cover for canteens and walkways, the
temperature recorded as high as 47.6 deg C at 3.00 pm.
24
6.2
DRAFT
Unlike the suspended bridge walkway that connects the Trauma and Utama
the roof cover was not made of polycarbonate and therefore was much cooler
to walk by. Thus this material should be replaced to give general comfort for
the immediate surroundings.
Active
6.2.1, AirConditioning
6.2.1,.1 Heat Exchanger for Menara Utama
Operation theatres use 100% fresh air to avoid contaminants into the sensitive
condition in the operation theatres. The operation theatre AHU at the Menara
Timur utilizes a heat exchanger to cool the incoming1.00% fresh air. The heat
exchanger uses the cold retum air from the operation theater. This
considerably reduces the cooling coil load. The following picture shows the
Menara Tirnur OTAHU.
25
DRAFT
Figure 6.1 : operation theatre AHU with heat exchanger at Menara Timur
The operation theatre AHU at the Menara utama works differently. It
consists of a primary AHU to cool the 100% incoming fresh and 10 secondary
AHUs to cool the air to the desired condition. The return air is not utilized
and is exhausted to the environment. Installation of the exchanger similar to
the Menara Timur would considerably reduce the cooling coil load by about
40%.
6.2.1..2 Infiltration of Outside Air
Infiltration of outside will increase the cooling road of the room. An example
shown in figure 6.3 allows outside air to infiltrate into the room whilst the
door is also open. Figure 6.4 shows a door of an air conditioned room opened
to the lobby that is not air conditioned. Figure 6.5 shows the sliding door of
the emergenry section constantly open thus allowing significant lrr{ilt utio.,
into the building. The sliding door is supposed to be automatically
conkolled by a motion sensor. Figure 6.6 shows the sliding door at thl
pediatric section that opens whenever there is a person pissing by the
building. The motion sensor is perhaps too sensitiv". To pt"rrent infiltration
of outside air into the air conditioned room ensure that all such causes of
infiltration are prevented.
Figure 6.3 : ventilation fan switched on in an air conditioned room.
26
DRAFT
Figure 6.4: Air conditioned room doors opened to non-air conditioned room
Figure 6.5 : Door at Trauma center emergency section constantly open
6.2.L.3 Solar Transmission
Solar transmission through glass is a major cooling load. Figure 6.6 shows the
large unshaded sliding door that allows after sunlight to enter the building
causing the temperafure to be higher and thus increases the cooling load of
the room. The same door also poses the problem stated in section 6.4.
Fig.6.6 Sliding door of Paediatric ward at the Trauma centre.
27
DRAFT
6.2.L.4 Air Conditioning Requirement at the Laundry
Laundry room for folding the bed sheets shown in figure 6.7 has considerable
fine particles. There is no proper air-conditioning and ventilation. There are 2
split units air conditioning installed and since split units are only good for
recirculation air the windows and the door are constant$ open. This is done
to ensure suitable indoor air quality. However a proper air conditioning
system with 100% fresh air need to be installed to ensure good IAQ and
reduces cooling load.
Figure 6.7 :Laundry folding room
6.2.2 Lightings
6.2.2.L Lighting Controls
In order to maxirnize the use of natural light harvestin& installing photocell
switches at strategic positions are highly reconunended for selected areas;
The nursing wards in Menara Timur and Utama:
Photocell switches to switch off the emergency light supply when the
combined natural and artificial lighting (normal supply)have reached
the recommended MS 1525:2001 illuminance level.
ii. The Trauma Unit car parks and waiting area:
During sunny days, the photocell switches to cut off all lighting
supply except to a few fluorescent lamps at the inner section of the car
park.
Occupanry-daylight sensors could be installed in intermittent occupied
roonrs such as 'bilik utiliti bersih/kotorf rawatan/pantt{, toilets and nurse
roorns. However, the investment is quite higtu so the next best strategy is to
instill good housekeeping practices such as switching off lightings as well as
other electrical/medical appliances at the wall plug when not in use.
28
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DRAFT
6.2.2.2 Harvesting Natural Lighting
During sunny days, all artificial lightings at the Menara Utama 14tr floor main
office could be switch off, and instead use natural lighting through the
installation of
mirror light shelves on the extemal ledges to reflect natural light into
the office,
ii. louvres to reduce glare as shown in Figure 6.8.
Naturai lighting ambience has been known to increase productivif. A.y
objects blocking the light such as box files and others should be removed
from the window ledges.
,,-"--:::-:J-
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liaht.
'rt
&,{!-:lir a i
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Figure 6.8 : Mirror light shelves with louvres to reflect light into Menara
Timur 14
tn
floor main office
6.2.2.3 Dimensional Sizing Light Fixtures
Renovated lift lobbies are using recessed down-lights. These lighting fixtures
provide localized brightness. Thus, for large lift lobby, many such lamps are
needed to provide on average the recommended MS 1525:2001 illuminance.
Dimensionally right sizing lamps fixtures such as fluorescent lamps with
reflectors and louvers would reduce the number of lamps needed to
illuminate such large areas.
29
DRAFT
Figure 6.9 : Many down-lights are needed at the lift lobby
6.2.2.4 IJnnecessary Lighting
It is commonly seen in many places and Figure 6.9 is one of them showing
lights switched on during the day. A photocell sensor should be installed to
prevent unnecessary lighting the daylight.
Figure 6.9 :Light at the car park switched on during the day
6.2.2.5 Proper Lighting Fixtures
Light fixtures do not affect the power consumption but for the comfort of the
patients the lighting fixture shown in figure 6.9 at Menara Timur ward would
perhaps disturb the patients as compare to the lighting fixture at Menara
Utama ward.
30
DRAFT
Figure 6.10 : Poorly designed lights disturb the patients lying down at the
Menara Tirnur ward
Figure 6.11 : Proper designed lights at the Menara Utama
31
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6.3 Energy Management
6.3.1 Energy Efficient Procurement Policy
It is highly recommended that PPUM formulated an energy efficient
procurement poliry and make the necessary changes in the purchasing
general order and tendering mechanism so that fufure purchases
constitute only energy efficient lightings, medical and general office
equipments. These energy efficient equipments are normally more
expensive than those non energy efficient ones but the nature of PPUM
being 24/7 can jttstify their purchase based on the life cycle analysis.
6.3.2 Energy efficient lightings and equipments maintenance
The 'B rating' fluorescent lamps should be phased out through routine
preventive maintenance by replacing the old and burnt lamps with the'A
rating' energy efficient ones.
Figure 6.12:'EU B rating' fluorescent lamp
old lamps, even though still functioning consume more than the stated
wattage. The 'A rating' energy efficient fluorescent lamp give out more
lighf render natural color and have a longer life span harmonizing with
the nature of PPUM being 24/7 and for easy visualization of the patienb'
vital signs.
cathode monitors should also be phased out and replaced with flat screen
monitors.
6.3.3 Cleaning light fixtures services
Cleaning light fixtures should be included in the deaning services to
increase the amount of light.
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Figure 6.13 : Light fixtures need cleaning
6.3.4 Good Housekeeping Awareness Campaign
Natural lighting has been utilized in selected areas. This good practice
should be extended to other natural lighting potential areas such as the 7-
10tL floor Menara Timur lift lobbies, Trauma Unit car parks and inner
atrium corridors.
Figure 6.14 : Natural lighting at selected areas
Figure 6.15 : Potential natural lighting areas
34
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Piling boxes
Figure 6.16.
DRAFT
of leaving lights on is rampant in intermittent occupied
as'bilik utiliti bersth/kotor/rawatanf pantri', toilets and
and files near the windows block natural light as shown in
Declutter the window ledges.
Figure 6.16 : Blocking natural light
Targeted campaigns to convey good housekeeping messages through
near light switch sticker-remainders and posters.
6.3.5 Rectifying Lowlit Areas
The problem of under-lit nurse counters could be rectified by using
hanging fluorescent lighting as shown in Figure 6.17
b).
Figure 6.17 :Lighting comparison at nurse counters
Task lighting should be used at the under-lit nurse sub-stations as shown
in Figure 6.18 (b).
(a) under-lit counter (b) recommended lighting
35
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Figure 6.18 : Lighting comparison at nurse stations
Opaque diffusers at renovated corridors should be replaced with
prismatic diffusers to bring up the illuminance levels to those
recommended by MS 1525:2001.
6.4 Renewablg Energy
To be decided and discussed with the client on the amount affordable
7.O REFERENCES
Plans & Drawing:
1. As Built drawing
ffrauma
& Kecemasan)
2. Section Drawing (Menara Utama)
3. Architectural Drawing (Menara Timur)
4. Architectural Drawing (Menara Utama)
Service Contract:
1'. Kontrak Servis Bagi: 2 Unit Trane CVGE Centrifugal Chiller (ppUM/Sp
/pM/067
0i1id1))
2. Kontrak Servis Bagi: 3 Unit Chiller
york
(ppUM/Sp
/
p}rir/
240)
3. Kontrak Servis Bagi: Toshiba Lif (ppUM/Sp
/pl/r/2ZB)
4. Kontrak servis Bagi:Mitsubishi
Lif (ppuM/sp
/pl/r/054(Jilid
II))
5. Kontrak servis Bagi: schindler Lifts/Dumbwaiter
(Menara
Timur)(HU
/UPS/MS/
26)
Operation & Maintenance Manual:
1. Operation & Maintenance Manual (Cadangan Renovasi Pusat Pakar Universiti
Malaya, Pada Tingkat 10 dan sebahagian Tingkat 9, Menara Timur, Hospital
Universiti, Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Untuk Tetuan UM Specialists Centre
Sdn Bhd.)
(a) no task lighting at sub-station (b) task lighting
36
3/
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n
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i
=f
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il
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=l
=l
!r
=t
=t
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ir
DRAFT
Electricity Bill:
1. 2004
2. 2005
3. 2006
4. 2007
5. 2008 (Until
July
2008)
Maintenance:
1'. Preventive Maintenance Year 2008
-
Unit Kendalian Udara (Seksyen Hawa Dingin
Berpusat Bahagian Kejuruteraan Mekanikaf PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan)
2. PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya:
Jadual
Servis Hawa
Dingin Bulan
January
2008
3. PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya:
Jadual
Servis Hawa
Dingin Bulan February 2008
4. PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya:
Jadual
Servis Hawa
Dingin Bulan March 2008
5. PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya:
Jadual
Servis Hawa
Dingin Bulan April2008
6. PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya:
Jadual
Servis Hawa
Dingin Bulan May 2008
7. PTJ Sumber Perkhidmatan Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya:
Jadual
Servis Loji
Hawa Dingin & Menara Penyejuk Bulan
January
2008
Guidelines:
1. Guidelines for Energy Efficienry in Buildings, 1,989; Ministry of Energy,
Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia.
2. Part 1: Guidelines for Conducting Energy Audits in Commercial Buildings, 2004;
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia.
3. MS1525: 2001 Code of Practice on Energy Efficienry and Use of Renewable Energy
for Non-Residential Buildings.
8.0 APPENDICES
Appendix 1
-
Division of works from each consultant
Appendix 2 - Dates and duration of energy audit conducted
Appendix 3
-
Information on UMMC buildings
Appendix 4 - Data and example of calculation for passive systems
Appendix 5 - The chiller, selected AHU and room data
Appendix 6 - Information on the medical equipments and their locations
US AIN S/MRVDraf t F ornat/L2
f
anuary 2009
[C
onfidential]