_______________General Desc ription

The M A X1642/M A X1643 are high-efficiency, low -voltage,

step-up D C -D C converters intended for devices pow -
ered by a single alkaline cell. They feature low quies-
cent supply currents and are supplied in the ultra-sm all
M A X package, w hich is only 1.1m m high. The guaran-
teed start-up voltage is 0.88V.
E ach d evice consists of an internal 1, N -channel
M O SFET pow er sw itch; a built-in synchronous rectifier
that acts as the catch diode; an oscillator; a reference;
and pulse-frequency-m odulation (PFM ) control circuitry.
B oth devices feature an independent undervoltage
com parator (PFI/PFO). The M A X1642 also includes a
2A logic-controlled shutdow n m ode. The M A X1643
offers a dedicated low -battery detector (BATTLO) in
lieu of shutdow n.
The output voltage for each device is preset to 3.3V
4% , or can be adjusted from + 2V to + 5.2V using only
tw o resistors.
________________________Applic ations
Pagers
R em ote C ontrols
Pointing D evices
Personal M edical M onitors
Single-C ell B attery-Pow ered D evices
____________________________Features
o Built-In Synchronous Rectifier
o 0.88V Guaranteed Start-Up
o Ultra-Small MAX Package: 1.1mm High
o 83% Efficiency
o 4A Quiescent Supply Current into BATT Pin
o 2A Logic-Controlled Shutdown (MAX1642)
o Two Undervoltage Detectors (MAX1643)
o 2V to 5.2V Output Range
o 20mA Output Current at 1.2V Input
o Reverse Battery Protection
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
GND PFO
FB SHDN
1
2
8
7
OUT
LX PFI
BATT
MAX1642
MAX
TOP VIEW
3
4
6
5
GND BATTLO
FB PFO
1
2
8
7
OUT
LX PFI
BATT
MAX1643
MAX
3
4
6
5
_________________Pin Configurations
OUT
OUTPUT
3.3V
INPUT
0.88V TO 1.65V
100H
22F
22F
ON
LOW- BATTERY
DETECTOR INPUT
LOW- BATTERY
DETECTOR OUTPUT
OFF
PFO
BATT
LX
MAX1642
SHDN
PFI
GND FB
__________Typic al Operating Circ uit
______________Ordering Information
PART
MAX1642C /D
M A X1642EU A
MAX1643C /D 0C to + 70C
-40C to + 85C
0C to + 70C
TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
D ice*
8 M A X
D ice*
M A X1643EU A -40C to + 85C 8 M A X
EVALUATION KIT M
ANUAL
FOLLOW
S DATA SHEET
19-1183; R ev 0; 6/97
*D ice are tested at T
A
= + 25C .
N ote: To order these devices shipped in tape and reel, add a -T
to the part num ber.
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800.
For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468.
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
B A TT to G N D ...........................................................-0.3V to 6.0V
B A TT Forw ard C urrent..........................................................0.5A
O U T to G N D .............................................................-0.3V to 6.0V
O U T, LX C urrent.......................................................................1A
LX to G N D ................................................................-0.3V to 6.0V
SHDN, FB , BATTLO, PFO to G N D ...........................-0.3V to 6.0V
PFI to G N D ............................................................-0.3V to V
B A TT
R everse B attery C urrent (T
A
= + 25C ) (N ote 1)...............220m A
C ontinuous Pow er D issipation
M A X (derate 4.1m W /C above 70C )..........................330m W
O perating Tem perature R ange
M A X1642EU A /M A X1643EU A ............................-40C to + 85C
Junction Tem perature ......................................................+ 150C
Storage Tem perature R ange .............................-65C to + 165C
Lead Tem perature (soldering, 10sec).............................+ 300C
R
L
= 3k, T
A
= + 25C
V
FB
= 1.3V
I
LO A D
= 20m A
V
B A TT
= 1.0V (M A X1642)
0.9V < V
B A TT
< 1.5V (t
O N
= K / V
B A TT
)
V
O U T
= 3.5V (M A X1642)
I
D IO D E
= 100m A , P-channel sw itch off
V
O U T
= 3.3V
V
FB
< 0.1V
External feedback
External feedback
V
O U T
= 3.5V
V
O U T
= 3.3V
0.9V < V
B A TT
< 1.5V, V
O U T
= 3.3V
CONDITIONS
nA 10 FB Input C urrent
% 80 Efficiency
A 2 3.5 I
SH D N ,B A TT
Shutdow n C urrent into B A TT
A 0.1 1 I
SH D N ,O U T
Shutdow n C urrent into O U T
A 4 6.5 I
Q B A TT
Q uiescent C urrent into B A TT
A 11 18 I
Q O U T
Q uiescent C urrent into O U T
1 1.5 R A TIO O ff-Tim e Tracking R atio (N ote 3)
m V/C -2 Start-U p Voltage Tem pco
V 0.88
V 0.7 V
B A TT(M IN )
M inim um O perating Input Voltage
Start-U p Voltage (N ote 2)
V-s 17 25 35 K O n-Tim e C onstant
V 0.8 P-C hannel C atch-D iode Voltage
1.5 2.2 P-C hannel O n-R esistance
V 3.16 3.30 3.44 V
O U T
O utput Voltage
V 2.0 5.2 O utput Voltage R ange
V 1.18 1.225 1.27 V
FB
FB Set Voltage
1 1.5 N -C hannel O n-R esistance
UNITS MIN TYP MAX SYMBOL PARAMETER
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
B A TT
= V
SHDN
= 1.3V, I
LO A D
= 0m A , FB = G N D , T
A
= 0C to +85C, unless otherw ise noted. Typical values are at T
A
= + 25C .)
Note 1: The reverse battery current is m easured from the Typical O perating C ircuits input term inal to G N D w hen the battery is con-
nected backw ard. A reverse current of 220m A w ill not exceed package dissipation lim its but, if left for an extended tim e
(m ore than 10 m inutes), m ay degrade perform ance.
Stresses beyond those listed under A bsolute M axim um R atingsm ay cause perm anent dam age to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not im plied. Exposure to
absolute m axim um rating conditions for extended periods m ay affect device reliability.
V 1.65 M axim um O perating Input Voltage
Falling PFI, hysteresis = 1% m V 590 614 632 PFI Trip Voltage
V
PFI
= 0V, V
O U T
= 3.3V, I
SIN K
= 1m A
V
PFI
= 650m V
V 0.4 V
O L PFO, BATTLO Low O utput Voltage
nA 10 PFI Input C urrent
V
O U T
= 3.3V, hysteresis = 2% (M A X1643)
V
PFI
= 650m V,V
PFO
= 6V
V 0.96 1.0 1.04 BATTLO Trip Voltage
A 1 PFO, BATTLO Leakage C urrent
% of V
B A TT
(M A X1642)
% of V
B A TT
(M A X1642)
% 80 V
IH SHDN Input H igh Voltage
% 20 V
IL SHDN Input Low Voltage
(M A X1642) nA 10 SHDN Input C urrent
M
A
X
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6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Note 2: Start-up guaranteed by correlation to m easurem ents of device param eters (i.e., sw itch on-resistance, on-tim es, off-tim es, and
output voltage trip points).
Note 3: . This guarantees discontinuous conduction.
Note 4: Specifications to -40C are guaranteed by design, not production tested.
t =
t x V
V - V
x R A TIO
O FF
O N B A TT
O U T B A TT

1
]
1
Falling PFI, hysteresis = 1%
V
B A TT
= 1.0V (M A X1642)
0.9V < V
B A TT
< 1.5V (t
O N
= K / V
B A TT
)
V
O U T
= 3.5V (M A X1642)
V
O U T
= 3.3V
V
FB
< 0.1V
External feedback
V
O U T
= 3.5V
V
O U T
= 3.3V
CONDITIONS
m V 550 662 PFI Trip Voltage
A 3.5 I
SH D N ,B A TT
Shutdow n C urrent into B A TT
A 1 I
SH D N ,O U T
Shutdow n C urrent into O U T
A 6.5 I
Q B A TT
Q uiescent C urrent into B A TT
A 18 I
Q O U T
Q uiescent C urrent into O U T
V-s 12.4 38.2 K O n-Tim e C onstant
2.2 P-C hannel O n-R esistance
V 2.99 3.56 V
O U T
O utput Voltage
V 1.11 1.32 V
FB
FB Set Voltage
1.5 N -C hannel O n-R esistance
UNITS MIN MAX SYMBOL PARAMETER
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
B A TT
= V
SHDN
= 1.3V, I
LO A D
= 0m A , FB = G N D , T
A
= -40C to +85C, unless otherw ise noted.) (N ote 4)
Falling V
B A TT
, V
O U T
= 3.3V, hysteresis = 2%
(M A X1643)
V 0.93 1.06 BATTLO Trip Voltage
__________________________________________Typic al Operating Charac teristic s
(C ircuit of Figure 4, V
B A TT
= 1.2V, R 1 + R 2 = 1M , T
A
= + 25C , unless otherw ise noted.)
0
0.01 1 10 0.1 100
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
(V
OUT
= 2. 4V)
10
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
1
A
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

(
%
)
V
IN
= 1.6V
L1 = 100H
SUMIDA CD54- 101
V
IN
= 1.2V
V
IN
= 0.85V
V
IN
= 1.0V
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
0.01 1 10 0.1 100
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
(V
OUT
= 2. 4V)
10
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
1
B
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

(
%
)
V
IN
= 1.6V
L1 = 150H
TDK NLC565050T- 151K
V
IN
= 1.2V
V
IN
= 0.85V
V
IN
= 1.0V
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
0.01 1 10 0.1 100
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
(V
OUT
= 3. 3V)
10
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
2
A
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

(
%
)
V
IN
= 1.6V
L1 = 100H
SUMIDA CD54- 101
V
IN
= 1.2V
V
IN
= 0.85V
V
IN
= 1.0V
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
M
A
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6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
0.6
0
MINIMUM START-UP INPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
0.7
0.8
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
7
b
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

S
T
A
R
T
-
U
P

I
N
P
U
T

V
O
L
T
A
G
E

(
V
)
12 14
1.2
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.3
0.9
1.0
2 4 6 10 16
1.6
8
L1 = 150H
TDK NLC565050T- 151K
V
OUT
= 5V
V
OUT
= 2.4V, 3.3V
0.6
0
MINIMUM START-UP INPUT VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
0.7
0.8
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
7
a
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

S
T
A
R
T
-
U
P

I
N
P
U
T

V
O
L
T
A
G
E

(
V
)
20
1.2
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.3
0.9
1.0
5 15 25
1.6
10
L1 = 100H
SUMIDA CD54- 101
V
OUT
= 5V
V
OUT
= 2.4V, 3.3V
____________________________Typic al Operating Charac teristic s (c ontinued)
(C ircuit of Figure 4, V
B A TT
= 1.2V, R 1 + R 2 = 1M , T
A
= + 25C , unless otherw ise noted.)
0
0.01 1 10 0.1 100
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
(V
OUT
= 3. 3V)
10
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
2
B
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

(
%
)
V
IN
= 1.6V
L1 = 150H
TDK NLC565050T- 151K
V
IN
= 1.2V
V
IN
= 0.85V
V
IN
= 1.0V
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 100
90
80
0
0.01 1 10 0.1 100
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
(V
OUT
= 5. 0V)
20
10
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
3
a
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

(
%
)
30
40
50
60
70
V
IN
= 1.6V
V
IN
= 0.85V
V
IN
= 1.0V
L1 = 100H
SUMIDA CD54- 101
V
IN
= 1.2V
100
90
80
0
0.01 1 10 0.1 100
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
(V
OUT
= 5. 0V)
20
10
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
3
b
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

(
%
)
30
40
50
60
70
V
IN
= 1.6V
V
IN
= 0.85V
V
IN
= 1.0V
L1 = 150H
TDK NLC565050T- 151K
V
IN
= 1.2V
10,000
10
0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8
NO-LOAD BATTERY CURRENT
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
100
1000
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
4
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Q
U
I
E
S
C
E
N
T

C
U
R
R
E
N
T

(
m
A
)
1.2 1.6
V
OUT
= 5.0V
V
OUT
= 2.5V OR 3.3V
0
- 40
NO-LOAD BATTERY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
20
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
5
TEMPERATURE (C)
Q
U
I
E
S
C
E
N
T

C
U
R
R
E
N
T

(

A
)
60
100
120
80
40
60
- 20 40 20 80 100
140
0
V
BATT
= 1.2V
V
OUT
= 3.3V
0
- 40
BATT AND OUT PIN QUIESCENT CURRENTS
vs. TEMPERATURE
5
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
6
TEMPERATURE (C)
Q
U
I
E
S
C
E
N
T

C
U
R
R
E
N
T

(

A
)
60
20
25
10
15
- 20 40 20 80 100
30
0
V
BATT
= 1.2V
V
OUT
= 3.6V
I
BATT
I
OUT
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A
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4
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/
M
A
X
1
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4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
____________________________Typic al Operating Charac teristic s (c ontinued)
(C ircuit of Figure 4, V
B A TT
= 1.2V, R 1 + R 2 = 1M , T
A
= + 25C , unless otherw ise noted.)
B
LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
1
0
A
400s/ di v
V
OUT
= 3.3V, V
BATT
= 1.2V
A: OUT, 20mV/ di v, 3.3V DC OFFSET
B: LOAD, 2mA to 20mA, 10mA/ di v
0
0.8
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
8
b
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
M
A
X
I
M
U
M

O
U
T
P
U
T

C
U
R
R
E
N
T

(
m
A
)
1.4
25
30
5
15
10
20
0.9 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.6
35
1.0 1.1
L1 = 100H
SUMIDA CD54- 101
V
OUT
= 5V
V
OUT
= 3.3V
V
OUT
= 2.4V
0
0.8
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
8
c
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
M
A
X
I
M
U
M

O
U
T
P
U
T

C
U
R
R
E
N
T

(
m
A
)
1.4
14
12
18
16
4
2
6
10
8
0.9 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.6
20
1.0 1.1
L1 = 150H
TDK NLC565050T- 151K
V
OUT
= 5V
V
OUT
= 3.3V
V
OUT
= 2.4V
C
SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
0
9
B
A
10ms/div
V
OUT
= 3.3V, V
IN
= 1.2V, I
OUT
= 12mA
A: LX, 2V/ di v, L1 = TDK NLC565050T- 151K
B: OUT, 20mV/ di v, 3.3V DC OFFSET
C: INDUCTOR CURRENT, 100mA/ di v
B
LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
1
1
A
400s/ di v
V
OUT
= 3.3V, LOAD = 15mA
A: OUT, 50mV/ di v, 3.3V DC OFFSET
B: V
BATT
, 1V to 1.5V, 500mV/ di v
B
C
SHUTDOWN RESPONSE AND
INDUCTOR CURRENT
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/4
3
T
O
C
1
2
A
10ms/ di v
V
OUT
= 3.3V, V
BATT
= 1.2V, I
OUT
= 5mA
A: OUT, 1V/ di v
B: INDUCTOR CURRENT, 200mA/ di v
C: SHDN, 2V/ di v
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________Pin Desc ription
_______________Detailed Desc ription
The M A X1642/M A X1643 each consist of an internal 1,
N -channel M O SFET pow er sw itch, a built-in synchro-
nous rectifier that acts as the catch diode, an oscillator,
a reference, and PFM control circuitry (Figure 1).
These d evices are op tim ized for ap p lications w ith
pow er-m anagem ent features that operate from one
alkaline cell, such as pagers, rem ote controls, and bat-
tery-pow ered instrum ents. They are designed to m eet
the specific dem ands of the operating states character-
istic of such system s:
1) Prim ary battery is good and the load is active: In
this state, the system draw s tens of m illiam peres,
and the M A X1642/M A X1643 typically offer 80% effi-
ciency.
2) Prim ary battery is good and the load is sleeping:In
this state, the load is draw ing hundreds of m icroam -
peres, and the D C -D C converter IC draw s very low
quiescent current. In m any applications, the load is
expected to be in this state m ost of the tim e.
Operating Princ iple
The M A X1642/M A X1643 em ploy a proprietary pulse-
frequency-m odulation (PFM ) control schem e that com -
b ines the ultra-low q uiescent current trad itional of
pulse-skipping PFM converters w ith the high-load effi-
ciency of pulse-w idth-m odulation (PW M ) converters.
The on-tim e and m inim um off-tim es are varied as a
function of the input and output voltages:
w here K is typ ically 25V -s. This enab les the
M A X1642/M A X1643 to m aintain high efficiency over a
w ide range of loads and input/output voltages.The D C -
D C converter is pow ered from the O U T pin.
t =
K
V
t =
1.2 x K
V - V
O N
B A TT
O FF(M IN )
O U T B A TT
6
7
8
4

5
2
1
MAX1643
G round G N D 6
N -C hannel M O SFET Sw itch D rain and P-C hannel Synchronous-R ectifier D rain LX 7
Pow er O utput. Feedback input for fixed 3.3V operation and IC pow er input. C onnect filter
capacitor close to O U T.
O U T 8
O pen-D rain Pow er-Fail O utput. Sinks current w hen PFI drops below 614m V. PFO 3
A ctive-Low Shutdow n Input. C onnect to B A TT for norm al operation. SHDN 4
Feedback Input for adjustable-output operation. C onnect FB to an external resistor voltage
divider betw een O U T and G N D . C onnect to G N D for fixed-output operation.
FB 5
Pow er-Fail Input. W hen the voltage on PFI drops below 614m V, PFO sinks current. PFI 2
IC B attery-Pow er Input. Sense input for BATTLO com parator (M A X1643 only). B A TT 1
PIN
3
O pen-D rain B attery-Low O utput. W hen the voltage at B A TT drops below 1V, BATTLO
sinks current.
BATTLO
MAX1642
FUNCTION NAME
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
BATT
PFI
0.5REF
PFO
GND
OUT
REF
N
P
OUT 1.7V
FB
SHDN
LX
RFRDY
REF
REF
0.5REF
START- UP
OSCILLATOR
TIMING
TON
EN
PDRV
NDRV
TOFF
LOGIC
MAX1642
Figure 1. M A X1642 Functional D iagram
W hen the error com parator detects that the output
voltage is too low , it turns on the internal N -channel
M O SFET sw itch until the on-tim e is satisfied (see Figure
1 and the Standard A pplication C ircuits, Figures 2 and
3). D uring the on-tim e, current ram ps up in the induc-
tor, storing energy in a m agnetic field. W hen the M O S-
FET turns off, during the second half of each cycle, the
m agnetic field collapses, causing the inductor voltage
to force current throug h the synchronous rectifier,
transferring the stored energy to the output filter capac-
itor and load. The output filter capacitor stores charge
w hile current from the inductor is high, then holds up
the output voltage until the second half of the next
sw itching cycle, sm oothing pow er flow to the load.
Bootstrap DC-DC Bloc k
The bootstrap block contains a low -voltage start-up
oscillator. This oscillator pum ps up the output voltage
to approxim ately 1.7V, w here the m ain D C -D C con-
verter can operate. The oscillator is pow ered from the
B A TT input and drives an N PN sw itch. D uring start-up,
the P-channel synchronous rectifier rem ains off and
either its body diode or an external diode is used as an
output rectifier. R educe the load as needed to allow
start-up w ith inp ut voltag es b elow 2V (see Typ ical
O perating C haracteristics).
Shutdown (MAX1642)
Pulling SHDN low places the M A X1642 in shutdow n
m ode (I
SH D N
= 2A typical). In shutdow n, the internal
sw itching M O S FE T turns off, PFO g oes hig h-
im pedance, and the synchronous rectifier turns off to
prevent reverse current from flow ing from the output
back to the input. H ow ever, there is still a forw ard cur-
rent path through the synchronous-rectifier body diode
from the input to the output. Thus, in shutdow n, the out-
put rem ains one diode drop below the battery voltage
(V
B A TT
). To disable the shutdow n feature, connect
SHDN (a logic input) to B A TT.
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
BATTLO (MAX1643)
The M A X1643 contains an on-chip com parator for low -
battery detection. If the voltage at B A TT drops below
1V, BATTLO sinks current. BATTLO is an open-drain
output. In com bination w ith PFI/PFO, this allow s m oni-
toring of both the input and output voltages.
Reverse-Battery Protec tion
The M A X1642/M A X1643 can sustain/survive single-cell
battery reversal up to the package pow er-dissipation
lim it. A n internal 5 resistor in series w ith a diode lim its
reverse current to less than 220m A , w hich prevents dam -
age to the M A X1642/M A X1643. Prolonged operation
above 220m A reverse-battery current can degrade the
devicesperform ance.
________________Design Information
Output Voltage Selec tion
The M A X1642/M A X1643 operate w ith a 3.3V 4% or
adjustable output. To select fixed-voltage operation, con-
nect FB to G N D . For an adjustable output betw een 2V
and 5.2V , connect FB to a resistor voltag e d ivid er
betw een O U T and G N D (Figure 4). FB regulates to 1.23V.
Since FB leakage is 10nA m ax, select feedback resistor
R 2 in the 100k to 1M range. R 1 is given by:
w here V
R EF
= 1.23V.
Power-Fail Detec tion
The M AX1642/M AX1643 have an on-chip com parator for
pow er-fail detection. This com parator can detect loss of
pow er at the input or output. If the voltage at PFI falls
below 614m V, the PFO output sinks current to G N D .
H ysteresis at the pow er-fail input is 1% . The pow er-fail
m onitors threshold is set by tw o resistors: R 3 and R 4
(Figure 5). Set the threshold using the follow ing equation:
w here V
TH
is the desired threshold of the pow er-fail
detector, and V
PFI
is the 614m V reference of the pow er-
fail com parator. Since PFI leakage is 10nA m ax, select
feedback resistor R 4 in the 100k to 1M range.
Low-Battery Start-Up
The M A X1642/M A X1643 are bootstrapped circuits w ith
a low -voltage start-up oscillator. They can start under
low -load conditions at low er battery voltages than at full
load. O nce started, the output can m aintain the load as
the battery voltage decreases below the start-up volt-
age (see Typical O perating C haracteristics).
Induc tor Selec tion
A 100H ind uctor is recom m end ed for m ost ap p li-
cations. The use of low er inductor values (dow n to
68H ) increases m axim um output current. H igher val-
ues (up to 220H ) reduce peak inductor current and
consequent ripple and noise. The inductors saturation-
current rating m ust exceed the peak current lim it syn-
thesized b y the M A X 1642/M A X 1643s tim ing
algorithm s:
w here K
M A X
= 35V-s. The m axim um recom m ended
I
PEA K
is 350m A . For best efficiency, inductor series
resistance should be less than 1.
I =
K
L
PEA K
M A X
M IN
R 3 = R 4
V
V
- 1
TH
PFI

_
,

R 1 = R 2
V
V
- 1
O U T
R EF

_
,

MAX1642
GND FB
BATT
PFI 3.3V
OUT
0.88V to 1.65V INPUT
100H, 350mA
PF0
22F 0.1F
SHDN
LX
OUT
OUT
22F 0.1F
MAX1643
GND FB
BATT
3.3V
OUT
0.88V to 1.65V INPUT
BATTLO
22F 0.1F
LX
OUT
PFI
PFO
22F 0.1F
OUT
100H, 350mA
Figure 2. M A X1642 3.3V Standard A pplication C ircuit
Figure 3. M A X1643 3.3V Standard A pplication C ircuit
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Capac itor Selec tion
C hoose input and output capacitors to service input
and output peak currents w ith acceptable voltage rip-
ple. A 22F, 6V, low -ESR , surface-m ount tantalum out-
p ut filter cap acitor typ ically p rovid es 60m V outp ut
ripple w hen stepping up from 1.3V to 3.3V at 20m A .
The input filter capacitor (C
IN
) also reduces peak cur-
rents draw n from the battery and im proves efficiency.
Low equivalent series resistance (ESR ) capacitors are
recom m ended. C apacitor ESR is a m ajor contributor to
output ripple (usually m ore than 60% ). C eram ic capaci-
tors have the low est ESR , but low -ESR tantalum s repre-
sent a good balance betw een cost and perform ance.
Low -ESR alum inum electrolytic capacitors are tolerable,
and standard alum inum electrolytic capacitors should
be avoided. D o not exceed tantalum capacitorsripple-
current ratings; select capacitors w ith a rating exceed-
ing the peak inductor current (I
PEA K
).
PC Board Layout and Grounding
H igh sw itching frequencies and large peak currents
m ake PC board layout an im portant part of design. Poor
design can result in excessive EM I on the feedback paths
and voltage gradients in the ground plane. B oth of these
factors can result in instability or regulation errors. The
O U T pin m ust be bypassed directly to G N D as close to
the IC as possible (w ithin 0.2 in. or 5m m ).
P lace p ow er com p onentssuch as the M A X 1642/
M A X1643, inductor, input filter capacitor, and output filter
capacitoras close together as possible. K eep their
traces short, direct, and w ide (50 m il or 1.25m m ), and
place their ground pins close together in a star-ground
configuration. K eep the extra copper on the board and
integrate it into ground as a pseudo-ground plane. O n
m ultilayer boards, route the star ground using com po-
nent-side copper fill, then connect it to the internal ground
plane using vias.
Place the external voltage-feedback netw ork very close to
the FB pin (w ithin 0.2 in. or 5m m ). N oisy traces, such as
from the LX pin, should be kept aw ay from the voltage-
feedback netw ork and separated from it using grounded
copper. The evaluation kit m anual show s an exam ple PC
board layout, routing, and pseudo-ground plane.
Noise and Voltage Ripple
EM I and output voltage ripple can be m inim ized by fol-
low ing a few sim ple design rules.
1) Place the D C -D C converter and digital circuitry on
an opposite corner of the PC board, aw ay from sen-
sitive R F and analog input stages.
2) U se a closed -core ind uctor, such as toroid or
shielded bobbin, to m inim ize fringe m agnetic fields.
3) C hoose the largest inductor value that satisfies the
load requirem ent to m inim ize peak sw itching cur-
rent and resulting ripple and noise.
4) U se low -ESR input and output filter capacitors.
5) Follow sound circuit-board layout and grounding
rules (see the PC B oard Layout and G rounding
section).
6) W here necessary, add LC pi filters, linear post-reg-
ulators such as the M A X 8863 and M A X 8864
(SO T23 package), or shielding. The LC pi filters
cutoff frequency should be at least a decade or tw o
below the D C -D C converters sw itching frequency
for the specified load and input voltage.
MAX1642
GND
BATT
PFI
V
OUT
= 2V
TO 5.2V
0.88V to 1.65V INPUT
* OPTIONAL COMPENSATION

100H
PF0
100pF*
SHDN
LX
OUT
FB
R1
R2
OUT
22F 0.1F
MAX1642
MAX1643
PFI
R3
V
TH
R4
Figure 4. A djustable-O utput C ircuit
Figure 5. Pow er-Fail D etection C ircuit
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Table 2. Surface-Mount Inductor Information
Table 1. Component Suppliers
SUPPLIER PHONE FAX
A VX U SA
(803) 946-0690 (803) 626-3123
(800) 282-4975
C oilcraft U SA (847) 639-6400 (847) 639-1469
C oiltronics U SA (561) 241-7876 (561) 241-9339
D ale U SA (605) 668-4131 (605) 665-1627
N ichicon
U SA (847) 843-7500 (847) 843-2798
Japan 81-7-5231-8461 81-7-5256-4158
Sanyo
U SA (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-1055
Japan 81-7-2070-6306 81-7-2070-1174
Sprague U SA (603) 224-1961 (603) 224-1430
Sum ida
U SA (847) 956-0666 (847) 956-0702
Japan 81-3-3607-5111 81-3-3607-5144
TD K U SA (847) 390-4373 (847) 390-4428
TR A N SISTO R C O U N T: 594
SU B STR A TE C O N N EC TED TO G N D
__________________ Chip Information
Sum ida C D 54-221 1.57 350
220
I
SAT
(mA)
RESISTANCE
()
C oilcraft D O 1608-154
C oilcraft D O 1608-224 2.3 220
Sum ida C D 54-151 1.1
1.7
400
270
C oilcraft D O 1608-104
Sum ida C D 54-101 0.7 100
1.1
520
310
Sum ida C D 54-680 0.46
68
610
400
INDUCTOR SPECIFICATION
VENDOR/PART
C oilcraft D O 1608-683
INDUCTANCE
(H)
TD K N LC 565050T-101K 1.6 250
0.75
150
TD K N LC 565050T-151K 2.2 210
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
________________________________________________________Pac kage Information
8
L
U
M
A
X
D
.
E
P
S
M
A
X
1
6
4
2
/
M
A
X
1
6
4
3
High-Effic ienc y, Step-Up
DC-DC Converters for 1V Inputs
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
NOTES