2-D and 3-D Sub-Surface Liquefaction Potential Profiling using

Tomography Surface Waves Method

Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi
Associate Professor, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Background
The huge earthquake, i.e., Yogyakarta earthquake on 2006, may cause ground
surface cracks, soil displacement, landslides and liquefactions. Minor to moderate
building damage were found close to the fault, local liquefaction and soil boiling
caused by Yogyakartas earthquake.

Development of the comprehensively system and technique for seismic hazards
analysis is becoming significant to prepare for frequently earthquake hazards in
the sustainable environment development. The seismic hazard analysis may be
used to evaluate liquefaction potential and ground settlements at observed sites
which provides the information for earthquake resistant design, seismic safety
assessment and estimation of possible economical losses.

The objective of this study is to describe the surface wave technique as seismic
hazards analysis for development of 2-D and 3-D mesh profile of soil liquefaction
potential mapping.
Research Method
A case study was conducted at several observed locations in Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) campus, Indonesia
where several buildings in study area suffered minor to moderate damage level caused by liquefaction and ground shaking.
Results of Study
Lateral movement can
create uneven ground,
damaging structures
Normal pressure
Soft sands can
maintain strength of
hardness because
of friction from the
grains touching,
even though they
are saturated with
water.
Intense pressure
Force from an earthquake
causes the water to increase
in pressure, the water will
break the friction in the
grains and fill the spaces
causing liquefaction.
Upward movement can
penetrate the ground
surface
What is Soil Liquefaction ?
Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which water-saturated sandy layers
of earth act like liquids due to the pressure created by earthquakes.
(b). 2-D Liquefaction Potential Profile
(a). 2-D Shear Wave Velocity Profile from MASW Measurement
Conclusions
The compilation and analysis between seismic (MASW) method and
geotechnical site investigation successfully generates, the liquefaction
potential of sand layers deposit at observed sites. Two (2-D) and three (3-
D) dimensional liquefaction maps are also generated in order to provide
understandable information of subsurface liquefiable sections during the
earthquake. This analysis is useful and effective tools in presenting the
main data for seismic hazards analysis for the sustainable development.
(1). 2-D Shear Wave
Velocity (V
S
) Profile
Field Configuration
and Data
Processing of
MASW
Instrumentations
Set Up for Multi-
channel Analysis of
Surface waves
(MASW)
Field Measurement
Signal Processing &
Spectrum Analysis
Fourier Transform
frequency-wave
number analysis
Spectrum Analysis
Dispersion Curve
V
PH
vs f
Inversion Analysis of
1-D V
S
Profile
T
o
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y

A
n
a
y
i
s
i
s

Soil Samples
Analysis of Cyclic
Stress Ratio (CSR)
(2). Analysis of Stress-
corrected V
S

(3). Analysis of Cyclic
Resistance ratio (CRR)
2-D Liquefaction
Potential Profile
Factor of Safety (FS)
Analysis
3-D Liquefaction
Potential Profile
CRR/CSR
2-D and 3-D liquefaction
profile provide understandable
information of critical parts
subsurface profile that may
have liquefaction potential
during 6.3 Mw and 8 Mw
earthquakes at observed
locations. They provide an
efficient way to map FS of
liquefaction in a vertical section
and reduce non-uniqueness of
liquefaction potential and the
potential for misinterpretation
based on one-dimensional
liquefaction potential versus
depth plot.
(c). 3-D Liquefaction
Potential Profile
Contact Information
Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi, Ph.D., P.Eng., MIRDA, MIACMAG, MISGE
Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Jalan Lingkar Selatan, Tamantirto, Bantul 55183, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
E: atmaja_sri@umy.ac.id | W: http://atmaja.staf.umy.ac.id
EQ 6.3 Mw EQ 8 Mw