Electromagnetic spectrum

All the space around us (everywhere, in fact) is surrounded by invisible particles. This particles
consists of what we call atoms and molecules (e.g. air, oxygen, nitrogen etc.). Still this atoms and
molecules consists of electrons and protons and so on. Now, when this particles (infinitesimally small
and invisible) travel, they carry electrical charges and magnetic charges. That is, they have energy in
the form of electricity and magnetism.
Now since this particles have energy they can move around and also transfer their own energy to
their neighbouring particles etc. When they travel they collide and pass on the movement to the
next particle and next and so on. This movement has patterns or waves (like water waves). Based on
their pattern and wave they have what we called a wavelength and a frequency. So each type of
wave has a particular unique frequency and a unique wavelength. The wavelength and frequency
can range from very small to very large (large and small as in large or small time per second in case
of frequency and large or small length in case of wavelength). Picture below shows all possible
range.
















Different types of Spectrum
There are different types of spectrum based on which frequency and wavelength they belong
(picture above). It can be our rainbow colour in the sky (visible). This are formed due to very small
water drops suspended in the air. Water drop are like a prism (glass). When light falls on this drops
they disperse the light wave (particles or photons with a specific frequency and wavelength) into
different frequency and wavelength (hence, each colour has a unique frequency and wavelength)
The spectrum we are talking about in BDC and for our project is the Radio spectrum (picture above).
So, our mobile phones etc. operates in this spectrum.
Free versus Licenced
So, in the early days when mobile phones and electronic devices were not there, spectrum was all
free of cost. But once people started using these devices, they started using this radio spectrum for
transmission. Now, millions and millions can use devices using the radio spectrum just like that. But,
when more and more people use the same radio spectrum, this radio waves will start interfering
with each other. Thus, the concept of bandwidth limit (capacity) came in. Bandwidth is nothing but a
defined range of frequency and wavelength. So, in a given bandwidth, only limited devices can
transmit in order to avoid interference and have clear signals and sound etc.
Since this bandwidth has a limit, the government and regulators has to allocate the spectrum to
mobile operators by letting them pay price for use. That is where the concept of license came in.
Free spectrum are like the TV and car door remote control, Bluetooth, Home Wi-Fi, etc. These
spectrum lies in the infrared or microwave range (Picture above). Even he X-ray is free. The only
reason they are free is that full capacity (so called bandwidth) is not utilised. So, everyone around
can use it without any cost. (A possibility can be if within a radius of 90 metre hundreds of people
started using all their devices and the electromagnetic waves started interfering. Then people may
have to allocate the spectrum in that particular area and have to pay for use!)
Phew!! Congratulation, you have successfully completed reading this boring explanation. I
appreciate your patience and hope I could clarify some of your doubt. (Please excuse me if Im very
bad in explaining obviously I am!)

Thank you for your time! My regards!