1

Chapter 5
Pictorial Sketching
Objectives
Be able to explain the difference between an
axonometric projection and an oblique
projection.
Be able to explain the difference between an
isometric projection and an isometric
drawing/sketch.
Be able to create an isometric and oblique
sketches from an actual object and multiview
drawing.
2
Axonometric Axonometric
& Oblique
Projection
Axonometric Projection
B
Parallel & normal
to picture plane
A
B
C
D
Line
of
sight
A
B
C
D
3
Axonometric Projection
Type of axonometric drawing
a
1 Isometric All angles are equal
Axonometric axis
a
b
c 2. Dimetric Two angles are equal.
b c
1. Isometric All angles are equal.
A
B
C
D
A
B
D
Axonometric axis
b
a
c 3. Trimetric None of angles are
equal.
C
Axonometric axis
Parallel & oblique
to picture plane
Oblique Projection
A
B
C
D
Line
of
sight
A
D
C
B
4
Oblique Projection
Oblique drawing angle
A
D
C
B
B A
30
o
45
o
60
o
Type of Oblique drawing
1) Cavalier
2) Cabinet
C D
45
o
45
o
1) Cavalier
2) Cabinet
Full
scale
Half
scale
Isometric Projection Isometric Projection
& Isometric drawing
5
Rotate 45
about vertical axis
Isometric Projection
Tilt forward
(35
o
16 )
All edges foreshorten
about 0.8 time.
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing drawn on an isometric
axes using full scale.
Isometric projection
(True projection)
Isometric drawing
(Full scale)
Forshorten
Full scale
6
Positions of Isometric Axes
Isometric axes can be arbitrarily positioned to create
different views of a single object.
Regular
isometric
Reverse axis
isometric
Long axis
isometric
View point is looking
down on the top of
the object.
View point is looking
up on the bottom of
the object.
View point is looking
from the right (or left)
of the object.
Distance in Isometric Drawing
True-length distances are shown along
isometric lines.
Isometric line is the line that run parallel to
any of the isometric axes.
Nonisometric lines
Isometric axes
7
Isometric Isometric
Sketching
1. Place the object in the position which its shape
and features are clearly seen
Sketch from an actual object
2. Define an isometric axis.
3. Sketching the enclosing box.
4. Estimate the size an and relationship of each
and features are clearly seen.
details.
5. Darken all visible lines.
8
STEPS
Sketch from an actual object
1. Positioning object.
2. Select isometric axis.
3. Sketch enclosing box.
4. Add details.
5. Darken visible lines.
1. Positioning object.
Sketch from an actual object
STEPS
2. Select isometric axis.
3. Sketch enclosing
box.
4. Add details.
5 Darken visible lines
Note In isometric sketch/drawing), hidden lines are omitted
unless they are absolutely necessary to completely
describe the object.
5. Darken visible lines.
9
1. Interprete the meaning of lines/areas in
Sketch from multiview drawing
multiview drawing.
2. Locate the lines or surfaces relative to isometric
axis.
Top View
Example 1 : Object has only normal surfaces
Front
Top
Regular
H
Front View
Side View
Side
W
D
H
D W
Bottom View
Bottom
Front
Side
Reverse
D W
10
Example 2 : Object has inclined surfaces
D
H
y
y
x
Nonisometric line
W
x Front View
A x
x
B
C
Example 3 : Object has inclined surfaces
A
y
x
B
C
x
y
Nonisometric line
A B
C
11
x
y
Regular
C
Example 4
A
B
B
C
D
E
D
F
Front View
Reverse
A
E F
Circle & Arc in Isometric
In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an ellipse.
Sketching Steps
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Sketch arcs that connect the
tangent points.
Sketching Steps
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
tangent points.
12
Circle & Arc in Isometric
Four-center method is usually used when drawn an
isometric ellipse with drawing instrument.
3. Construct a perpendicular
bisector fromeach tangent point
Sketching Steps
2. Construct an isometric square.
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
bisector from each tangent point.
4. Locate the four centers.
5. Draw the arcs with these centers
and tangent to isometric square.
Example 5
13
Irregular Curve in Isometric
1 Construct points along the
Steps
1. Construct points along the
curve in multiview drawing.
2. Locate these points in the
isometric view.
3 Sketch the connecting lines 3. Sketch the connecting lines.
Oblique Oblique
Sketching
14
Object Orientation Guidelines
Place complex features (arc, hole, irregular shape
surface parallel to frontal plane.
Object Orientation Guidelines
The longest dimension of an object should be
parallel to the frontal plane.
GOOD
GOOD
WORSE
WORSE
15
Object Orientation Guidelines
Which orientation is better ?
Sketch from actual object
D
ESTIMATE DEPTH
ESTIMATE LINES
45
16
Sketch from multiview drawing
Sketch from multiview drawing
17
Sketch from multiview drawing
B
C
D
E
A
B
Sketch from multiview drawing
B
C
D
E
A
B
18
Sketch from multiview drawing
B
D
E
C
A
B
Sketch from multiview drawing
B
D
E
C
A
B