EXPERIMENT NO.

1

TRANSFORMER CHARACTERISTICS AND
POLARITY TESTING





COURSE: EEP 422L1-AC APPARATUS AND DEVICES
SECTION: EE42FC1




GROUP 5






Date Performed: November 16, 2012



Teacher






Data and Results:

MEASURED DATA
TABLE 1.1
Trial
Ep
(Volts)
Es
(Volts)
Ip
(Amps)
Is
(Amps)
Pp
(Watts)
Ps
(Watts)
Transformation Ratio
Ep/Es Is/Ip
1 100 48.7 .16 .96 28.3 15 2.05 6
2 120 59.3 .20 1.14 41.3 22.5 2.024 5.7
3 150 75.8 .26 1.36 65.9 35 1.98 5.23
4 180 95 .36 1.7 101.9 54.5 1.89 4.7
5 200 106.1 .45 1.91 127.2 67.5 1.885 4.24
6 220 116 .75 2.05 160.6 80 1.9 2.73

CALCULATED DATA
TABLE 1.1
Trial
Ep
(Volts)
Es
(Volts)
Ip
(Amps)
Is
(Amps)
Pp
(Watts)
Ps
(Watts)
Transformation Ratio
Ep/Es Is/Ip
1 100 48.78 .16 .96 16 46.83 2.05 6
2 120 59.29 .20 1.14 24 67.56 2.023 5.7
3 150 75.76 .26 1.359 39 102.90 1.979 5.227
4 180 95.24 .36 1.692 64.8 161.15 1.889 4.7
5 200 106.1 .45 1.908 90 202.44 1.89 4.24
6 220 115.8 .75 2.048 165 237.14 1.899 2.731


TABLE 1.2.1
Trial
Ep
(Volts)
Es
(Volts)
E
(Volts)
Additive or Subtractive (Place )
Additive Subtractive
1 120 38.41 82.48
2 170 53.88 115.96
3 220 69.56 151.68
TABLE 1.2.2
Trial
Ep
(Volts)
Es
(Volts)
E
(Volts)
Additive or Subtractive (Place )
Additive Subtractive
1 120 38.59 158.55
2 170 53.47 223.49
3 220 69.55 289.50
Interpretation of Data:

In our experiment, the measured data is almost the same in the
calculated data when it comes in voltage and current. The type of transformer
that we use is a step-down transformer, as you notice in the table 1.1, the
secondary voltage is almost half compare to the primary voltage but the flow
of current in secondary is much higher to the primary. In power, the
measurement in primary and secondary power is different in our calculated
power.





























Theories/Abstract:

A transformer is an electrical machine that transfers or converts
electrical energy into another electrical energy especially with a change in
voltage but without a change in frequency. Commonly, the transformer you
see in transmission and distribution system are all step-down transformers,
meaning the higher voltage is converted or set down into smaller voltages. At
this type of transformer, the primary side with a higher voltage has a low
current while the secondary side with a smaller voltage has a high current.

The transformation ratio or turns ratio of the transformer can be simply
obtained by dividing the primary voltage to the secondary voltage. It is also
equal to the primary number of turns divided by the secondary number of
turns of the transformer.

A Step-Down transformer has a greater number of turns of fine wire in
the primary side and lesser number of turns of heavy wire in the secondary
side. This type of transformer are used in distribution of electric power,
household application and seen in most electronic appliances.

A Step-Up transformer has a greater number of fine wires in the
secondary side and lesser number of turns of heavy wire in primary side. This
type of transformer usually seen at the power plant switch yard for stepping
up the voltage.

The polarity testing of a transformer is important on proper labeling of
transformer terminals for paralleling condition and three phase transformer
bank connections. The polarity of a given transformer is a comparison of the
relative instantaneous polarity of each terminal.









Observation:

I observed that the new equipment that we use in our experiment last
time is more reliable than the old one. Its easy to operate and safe because
of the protection included in the equipment (Fuses, Grounding and Circuit
Breaker). This type of equipment helps the students like us to get the result
that we need instantly because it has a built-in parameters (AC/DC Voltmeter
and Ammeter, Wattmeter both in analog and digital, and etc.). All you need is
to connect the wires in the right connection and you can also add more loads
as you can and thats it, you can get the results accurate.




























Schematic Diagram