The large price differences of pencils among the shops are maybe because of the standard of
the shop. A high standard shop or supermarket, the items sold intend to be much more
expensive than a regular shop. The price difference of the items may also due to the quality of
the item present. A better quality means a higher price.
PART TWO
Every year, my school organizes a carnival to raise funds for school improvement projects.
This year, my school is planning to install CCTV in order to enhance its security. Last year,
during the carnival, my class made and sold nasi lemak. Due to the popularity of this local
food, my class has decided to carry out the same project for this years carnival.
(a) Table 2 shows the prices of the given items for the year 2014.
Items
(For 10 packets of
Nasi Lemak)
Quantity
Price in the year
2013 (RM)
Price in the year
2014 (RM)
I
For the flavoured rice:
Rice 1 kg 2.80 3.00
Santan 150 g 1.50 1.90
Onion 10 g 0.15 0.30
Ginger 10 g 0.15 0.20
Salt 2 g 0.05 0.08
II
For the sambal:
Red onion 10 g 0.05 0.12
Garlic 5 g 0.04 0.08
Dried chillies 100 g 1.00 1.25
Anchovies 200 g 2.00 2.70
Cooking oil 100 g 0.25 0.32
III
Miscellaneous:
Fried groundnuts 200 g 0.50 0.84
Fried anchovies 150 g 1.50 1.80
Cucumber 200 g 0.20 0.31
5 Eggs 300 g 1.50 1.80
Banana leaves
(1 bundle)
300 g 1.00 1.20
Table 2
(b) The price index for each of the items in Table 2 for the year 2014 based on the year 2013
was calculated by using the formula below:
Where,
Where,
= Index number
= Weightage
= 124.256
Items
(For 10 packets of
Nasi Lemak)
Quantity
Price Index for
the year 2014
based on the
year 2013 (I)
Weightage (W)
I
For the flavoured rice:
Rice 1 kg 107.14 1.000 107.14
Santan 150 g 126.67 0.150 19.00
Onion 10 g 200.00 0.010 2.00
Ginger 10 g 133.33 0.010 1.33
Salt 2 g 160.00 0.002 0.32
II
For the sambal:
Red onion 10 g 240.00 0.010 2.40
Garlic 5 g 200.00 0.005 1.00
Dried chillies 100 g 125.00 0.100 12.50
Anchovies 200 g 135.00 0.200 27.00
Cooking oil 100 g `128.00 0.100 12.80
III
Miscellaneous:
Fried groundnuts 200 g 168.00 0.200 33.60
Fried anchovies 150 g 120.00 0.150 18.00
Cucumber 200 g 155.00 0.200 31.00
5 Eggs 300 g 120.00 0.300 36.00
Banana leaves
(1 bundle)
300 g 120.00 0.300 36.00
Total 2.737 340.09
(d) In the year 2013, the nasi lemak was sold at RM2.50 each. A suitable selling price for a
packet of the nasi lemak in the year 2014 was suggested.
Price of a packet of nasi lemak in the year 2013 = RM2.50
Price of a packet of nasi lemak in the year 2014 =
Using the formula =
The suitable selling price for a packet of nasi lemak in the year 2014 is RM3.10. The
increasing in price is suitable because of the rise of price of the ingredients.
PART THREE
In order to upgrade the security, your school has decided to install closed-circuit TV (CCTV).
(a) A suitable number of cameras to be installed and their placement were suggested.
I suggested two cameras to be installed at my school. The cameras will be installed near the
office entrance and near the principals cark park. This action will be done to avoid any
robbery or crime case happening at my school.
(b) An installation for a CCTV costs RM 800.
The total cost for two installations of CCTVs are RM 1600.
(c) My class intends to sponsor 10% of the cost. The number of packets of nasi lemak must
my class sell is calculated.
10% RM 1600 = RM 160
Price of a packet of nasi lemak = RM 3.10 + RM 0.40 (profit)
= RM 3.50
Packets of nasi lemak must be sold =
= 45.7
Approximately 46 packets of nasi lemak must be sold to sponsor 10% of the cost.
Block A
(d) I think my class can achieve the 10% target because many visitors from Kuantan will
come and visit our school during the carnival. This will increase the amount of our nasi
lemak sold. Last year, we had sold more than 100 packets of nasi lemak. So we dont have to
worry if no ones going to buy our nasi lemak. From the selling, we can sponsor 10% for the
cost of installation of the CCTVs.
I dont think that my class should carry out a different project since we can get a lot of
profit from selling this food. Moreover, nasi lemak is one of the most popular foods here in
Malaysia so I bet everyone loves nasi lemak.
FURTHER EXPLORATION
Index numbers are being used in many different daily situations. For example, air
pollution index, stock market index, gold index and property index.
1. Air Quality Index
What is Air Quality Index?
An air quality index (AQI) is a number used by government agencies to communicate
to the public how polluted the air is currently or how polluted it is forecast to become. As the
AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of the population is likely to experience
increasingly severe adverse health effects. Different countries have their own air quality
indices which are not all consistent. Different countries also use different names for their
indices such as Air Quality Health Index, Air Pollution Index and Pollutant Standards Index.
Definition and usage
Air quality is defined as a measure of the condition of air relative to the requirements
of one or more biotic species or to any human need or purpose. To compute the AQI requires
an air pollutant concentration from a monitor or model. The function used to convert from air
pollutant concentration to AQI varies by pollutant, and is different in different countries. Air
quality index values are divided into ranges, and each range is assigned a descriptor and a
colour code. Standardized public health advisories are associated with each AQI range.
The AQI can go up (meaning worse air quality) due to a lack of dilution of air
pollutants. Stagnant air, often caused by an anticyclone, temperature inversion, or low wind
speeds lets air pollution remain in a local area, leading to high concentrations of pollutants
and hazy conditions. An agency might encourage members of the public to take public
transportation or work from home when AQI levels are high.
Most air contaminants do not have an associated AQI. Many countries monitor
ground-level ozone, particulates, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide and
calculate air quality indices for these pollutants.
Air Pollution Index in Malaysia
API Status Health Effect Health Advice
0 - 50 Good Low pollution
without any bad
effect on health.
No restriction for
outdoor activities to
the public. Maintain
healthy lifestyle.
51 - 100 Moderate Moderate pollution
that does not pose
any bad effect on
health.
No restriction for
outdoor activities to
the public. Maintain
healthy lifestyle.
101 - 200 Unhealthy Worsen the health
condition of high risk
people who is the
people with the heart
and lung
compilations.
Limited outdoor
activities fir the high
risk people. Public
need to reduce the
extreme outdoor
activities.
201 - 300 Very unhealthy Worsen the health
condition and low
tolerance if physical
exercises to people
and heart and lung
compilations. Affect
public health.
Old and high risk
people are advised to
stay indoors and
reduce physical
activities. People
with health
compilations are
advised to see doctor.
> 300 Hazardous Hazardous to high
risk people and
public health.
Old and high risk
people are prohibited
for outdoor activities.
Public are advised to
prevent from outdoor
activities.
> 500 Emergency Hazardous to high
risk people and
public health.
Public are advised to
follow orders from
National Security
Council and follow
the announcement in
mass media.
2. Body Mass Index (BMI)
The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a measure of relative weight based on an
individual's mass and height. It is defined as the individual's body mass divided by the square
of their height with the value universally being given in units of kg/m2.
BMI can also be determined using a table or from a chart which displays BMI as a function
of mass and height using contour lines, or colours for different BMI categories, and may use
two different units of measurement.
The BMI is used in a wide variety of contexts as a simple method to access how much an
individual's body weight departs from what is normal or desirable for a person of his or her
height. There is however often vigorous debate, particularly regarding at which value of the
BMI scale the threshold for overweight and obese should be set, but also about a range of
perceived limitations and problems with the BMI.
'BMI' provides a simple numeric measure of a person's thickness or thinness, allowing health
professionals to discuss overweight and underweight problems more objectively with their
patients.
CONCLUSION
After doing this research, I have learnt that index numbers are daily life necessities. Without
it, surveys cannot be conducted. Mathematics are not just numbers. They are a very important
tool to solve real life problems and enhance our thinking skills. We should be thankful to the
people who contribute in the idea of index number.
REFLECTION
While I was conducting the project, I have learnt and practice a lot of moral values.
We should be patient when facing hard times when doing a task and try to find ways to solve
problems that we are facing by seeking help from friends or teachers. We should also be
independent when doing a task and try to learn something new from it and appreciate the
intrinsic values of mathematics and to become a more creative and innovative person.
Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas.
Albert Einstein
One of the most amazing things about mathematics is the people who do maths
arent usually interested in application, because mathematics itself is truly a beautiful
art form. Its structures and patterns, and thats what we love, and thats what we get
off on.
Danica McKellar.
For the things of this world cannot be made known without knowledge of
mathematics.
- Roger Bacon