Paper 2

Time: 2 hours 30 minutes

Section A
[6O marhsl
Answer all qu.estions in this section.
Figure 1(a) shows a reaction catalysed by lipase.
(a) (i)
(ii)
Figure 1(a)
Label P,
Q,
R and S in Figure 1(a).
State two characteristics of P.
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1
[2 marks]
(b) (i)
State the principle of exzymic reaction as shown in Figure 1(a).
IL markj
(ii)
What can you deduce about the enzyme lipase based on Figure L(a)?
IL marhl
(c)
Enz5rmes are used widely
State one use of lipase in
in industries.
food industry.
[1 markJ
(d)
The temperature at which a lipase reaction takes place is increased to more than 60"C.
State the effect on the quantity
of the product. Explain your enswer.
(e)
Figure
(b)
shows a box of washing powder.
Brond X
Washing powder
with added eruzyme
0
,,"
Figure 1(b)
A housewife uses cold water to wash her clothes with brand X washing powder.
The cleaning is less effective.
Using the above information, explain why.
[2 marksl
101
12
marksl
2 Figure 2 shows a fluid mosaic model of a plasma membrane.
Figure 2
(a)
Label any two structures J, K, L or M in Figure 2 using the following terms:
Protein carrier Hydrophilic head
Protein pore
Hydrophobic tail
Cholesterol
(b)
Molecules can pass through structure L in Figure 2 by facilitated diffusion.
(i)
State one characteristic of the molecule that can pass through structure L.
(ii)
Explain how molecules pass through structure L.
[l marlzl
[1 mark]
tl
r)
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(c)
State one characteristic of the plasma membrane based on the model in Figure 2.
[1 markl
(d)
Using the mechanism of movement of a substance across the plasma membrane through
osmosis:
(i)
Explain why food is preserved using concentrated sugar solution.
lSmnrksl
(ii)
Sketch a diagram to show the movement of the substance that you have described in
(dxi).
[3 marks]
Figure 3(a) shows the human circulatory system.
Figure 3(a)
105
(a)
circulations R and S. Describe each circulation. Name
(i)
R:
Description:
(ii)
s:
Description:
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(b)
On Figure 3, mark the following flow of blood to illustrate the circulations R and S.
o
Oxygenated blood with the arrow
(
o
Deoxygenated blood with the arrow
(--------|)
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(c)
The pacemaker of a patient's heart fails to function. An electronic pacemaker is used to
replace the original pacemaker.
Explain how the electronic pacemaker works.
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(d)
Table 1 shows the volume of blood and the blood pressure in blood vessels X and Y.
Blood vessel Volume /cm3 Pressure /kPa
x 100 13.3
Y 300 0.3
Table 1
Based on Figure 3(a) and Table 1, what conclusion can you make about the rate of blood
flow in the blood vessels X andY?
I
i
l,i
I
'i
'i
(i)
Explain your answer.
[2marksl
(ii)
Explain how vigorous exercise increases the blood flow in the blood vessel X.
12marksl
Figure 4 shows a terrestrial ecosystem.
yl
.reY
Abiotic
tr";;"#
components:
r.------:------
-r
ljrotrc i-^-l
. I Uecomposer ll I
ComPonentS:
L------:--------
Figure 4
109
(a)
(b)
Abiotic and biotic components influence the lives of organisms.
Fill in the boxes in Figure 4 to show two more abiotic components and two more biotic
components.
12 marksl
On Figure 4, mark and label one example of the following organisms.
(i)
Producer
(ii)
Consumer
(iii)
Decom'oser
IJ marksl
Based on Figure 4, construct one food chain consisting of four trophic level.
lst trophic______>2nd trophic
,3rd
trophic th trophic
level
-
level
-
level
-level
[2mnrks]
(d)
An organism in the 3rd trophic level in Figure 4 has decreased in number.
(i)
Based on the food chain you have constructed in
(c),
suggest a way to increase the
numbers of this organism again.
[lmark)
(ii)
Explain your suggestion in
(dXi).
(c)
'Ll
ta
[2 marksl
(e)
The organisms in the trophic level in Figure 4 absorbs 15 000 kJ solar energ"y.
Energy loss at each trophic level is 90Vo.
Calculate the total every transferred to the organisms in the 3rd trophic level.
t2 mc.rhsT
KJ
111
5 Figure 5 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the ovary.
Pituitary gland
Hormone X
Hormone Y
12 L4 16 18
Rajah 5
22 24 26 28
(a)
Based
Hormo ne X:
on Figure 5, name hormone X and state its role.
isi"-@
@
#
Pnmary
follicle
(b)
Role:
12
rnarksl
Explain how an imbalance of hormones P and Y causes the disruption of the ovulation
process.
13 marksl
(c)
{i)
(ii)
In Figure 5, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day.
tf markl
Based of Figure 5, state the relationship between the changes in structure T and the
level ofhormone
Q
from the 16th to the 26th day.
12marksl
(d)
Based on Figure 5, explain the importance of the pituitary gland in the menstrual cycle.
13 marksl
Section B
120 marksl
Answer any one questions
frorn
this section-
(a)
Figure 6 shows energ"y releasing process in a human muscle cell.
ii
il
1ili.
Glucose ,.' ,:
,,..
\ .',^'ii'
\ r1l'@ ilj
\Procesb ]Q
i*rjj
!i| i!
r\'1-S.\
I
\\WJ. ,i
,iii
j;,
)r.t,
,/
"'i
2 ATP
...
Explain how
Figure 6
processes P and
Q
occur in hdman muscle cells.
[4 marks]
115
An athlete has
just
completed a 400 metre track event. His leg muscles are painful due
to muscle fatigue. The athlete then carries out the followi ng actions.
o
Wears a track suit
.
Takes a few long deeP breaths
.
Walks freely as a'cooling down'activity
Explain why the athlete carries out these actions.
16
marhsl
Human and fish respiratory systems are adapted
Compare and explain the adaptions.
to function in their respective habitats.
ILO marhsl
Figure 7(a) shows a reflex arc and Figure 7(b) shows the regulation of glucose in the blood.
Both figures illustrate coordination systems in the human body.
Blood glucose
level normalises
Figure 7(a)
Glucose
t
Glycogerl
From the
heart
I
I
Aorta
I
To the
heart
I
Vena
cava
1
<-
Hepatic
vein
nieh r"uur ol
blood
Slucos{
Hepatic
portal vein
Mesenteric artery
(ii)
Figure 7(b)
Describe the reflex action in Figure 7(a).
Compare the coordination systems shown
117
in Figure 7(a) and 7(b).
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16
marksl
High level of
insulin
(b)
Figure 7(c) shows the organs and glands involved in regulating the human body temperature.
Drop in
environmental
temperature-
_
\
A student skates
Based on Figure
Adrenal
Figure Z(c)
on an ice skating rink.
7(c), explain how regulation of the student's body
rtu
,,h)
temperature occurs.
-[10
marhsl
Section C
[20
marhsl
Answer any orne questions
from
this section.
Mendel's First Law:
A characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located at the same
locus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the pair of genes can be present
in a gamete.
lllustrate the above statements using the following cross:
Mice are pests to household properties and crops.
An experiment to control mice population is conducted. In the experiment, a type of
chemical, K which causes mutation to the mice is use.
Discuss the control of mice population using the chemical K.
[lO marksl
l
l
fit
l
(.
fi1
3
(a)
(b)
Hypothalamus
Skin
Parent
Female
Black mouse
X
Male
Black mouse
Il0 marks)
4
(a)
Fieure 8(a) shows the different characteristics
among members of a family.
Based on Figure B(a), identi$r the different characteristics
among the family members. Discuss
how the difference in characteristics
is inherited.
ftO marh,sl
(b)
Fieure 8(b) shows a genetic pedigree
of haemophilia in three generations.
ffi
Figure 8(a)
XIIY
XH)O
Generation I
Generation II
Generation III
Keys:
h- Haemophilia allele
Normal male
Normal female
Carrier female
Haemophiliac female
statements mentioned,
based on Figure
g(b).
[1O marks]
I
kan
ahl
!
Uu"-ophiliac
male
o
@
o
Figure 8(b)
721
Haemophilia is a genetic
disease that could be inherited and occurs
within a specific gender.
Inheritance
of haemophilia
can be prevented
in a family.
State your opinion and explain both the
J