Bahu EIA Report

Bahu Development Project Bahu, Punjab
Chapter - 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED (OGDCL)
- THE PROPONENT
OGDCL is the national oil & gas company of Pakistan and the flagship of the
countrys E&P sector. The Company is a market leader in Pakistan, in terms
of reserves, production and acreage. It is not only listed on the three major
stock exchanges of Pakistan but it is also listed on the London Stock
Exchange since December 2006. The Company is all set to ride the wave of
E&P activity. Equipped with its Vision & Mission, Business and Strategic Plan,
a debt-free and robust balance sheet and healthy cash reserve OGDCL, is
ready to take on the challenges of a volatile E&P industry.
The OGDCL is Pakistans leading company operating in Pakistan as a leader
and pioneer in the natural gas exploration & production market. It holds a
top position in all areas of the countrys gas business. The key aspiration of
OGDCL Group is to be the leader of the liberalized energy market in Pakistan.
And also to achieve a leading position in the region while maintaining the
status of the national leader in the natural gas market. The organizational
leadership is articulated through its vision and mission stated in Exhibit 1.1.

Exhibit 1.1: Vision and Mission of OGDCL

Vision
To be a leading, regional Pakistani E & P Company, recognized for its
people, partnerships and performance
Mission
Our mission is to become a competitive, dynamic and growing E & P
Company, rapidly enhancing our reserves through world class workforce,
best management practices and technology and maximizing returns to all
stakeholders by capturing high value business opportunities within the
country and abroad, while being a responsible corporate citizen

OGDCL has conducted extensive surveys in Pakistan to identify the potential
hydrocarbon bearing structures and has carried out drilling in order to exploit
GEL 10EIA07 Introduction 1-1

available oil and gas resources. As of 1st July 2006 OGDCL has drilled 224
exploratory wells and 251 development wells.
The company endeavors to be a responsible corporate citizen of the E&P
community. Being fully aware of its social obligations, it continues to
proactively promote, develop and maintain medical, social and welfare
facilities and schemes for the benefit of the local communities affected by its
work and presence. These include employment opportunities for locals,
construction of roads, setting up of dispensaries and providing free first-aid
and health care, establishing schools, granting fellowships and scholarships,
supply of drinking water, donation for charitable causes and financial
assistance for numerous projects to improve the quality of life of people and
communities with which it interacts.
OGDCL in compliance with the governments regulatory requirements of
Environmental Protection Act 1997, and following its own Environmental
Policy (See Exhibit 1.2), has engaged the services of an Independent
Consultant, Global Environmental Lab (GEL) Pakistan, to conduct an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), of the proposed developments in
the Bahu Field, construction of gas transmission lines and Central Gathering
Facilities in the Bahu Gas Field Area and Panjpir DIH Plant in Qatalpur and
Shorkot Area in the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. This report documents the EIA
process and presents its findings.

Exhibit 1.2: HSE Policy
OGDCL is concerned with the exploration and development of oil and gas
fields. We deliver crude oil to refineries, process natural gas to the point
where it can be distributed by pipeline, sell LPG, Sulphur and other by-
products. As an Exploration & Production Company, our prime responsibility
is to the people of Pakistan. Our role is to provide energy products, which
enhance the quality of life and sustain the economy. The use of such
products helps to preserve the environment and raises standards of health
and safety. We thus deliver great benefit. However, our responsibility
extends also to the way to which we operate. In our activities we are
committed to using the most modern methods to protect the environment
and to preserve health and safely. Our aim is to maximize the benefit of our
operations, taken as a whole. We strive to ensure a reliable supply of high-
grade energy products and an economic return on investment. At the same
time we use the best practical means to minimize any adverse effect that
our activities may have.


1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this EIA study is to evaluate the proposed project activities,
which are: construction of raised platforms (200 ft x 200 ft) at each of the
well (Bahu-1, Bahu-2 and Bahu-3) location to house basic production
facilities like water knock out vessel, corrosion injection package,
construction of raised platform (300 ft x 300 ft) at Bahu-2 to accommodate
central gathering facilities consisting of production & test headers, water
knock out vessel, gas measurement system, construction of raised platform
near Bahu-2 for the residential camp, constructing and laying of interfield
flowlines, main trunk line 10 dia x 20-22 km long for gas transmission to
Panipur Plant. All the water drained from the water knock out vessel from
each well will be sent to a nearby pit, lined with geo-membrane, for
atmospheric evaporation for disposal as per environmental standards. The
proposed activities will be measured against the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) standards, and against the international
environmental guidelines, such as those of the World Bank. This EIA is also
significant in the sense that it is being conducted in flood plain of the Chenab
River. Recognizing the challenges of conducting an EIA in the river
ecosystem and irrigated environment surrounded by the River Chenab, the
objectives of this EIA have gone beyond the legislative requirements.
The specific objectives of this EIA are to:
Identify and assess the existing socio-cultural and livelihood
conditions in the project area;
Assess the potential impact of various project activities
(construction of gas transmission line and processing facilities
such as camp construction, water requirement etc) on
environment, evaluate these impacts, and determine their
significance;
Propose appropriate mitigation measures that can be
incorporated into the design of the proposed activities to
minimize any damaging effects or lasting negative
consequences identified by the environmental assessment;
Inform and consult communities and other stakeholders
(institutions) about the proposed project and incorporate their
view into the project design and mitigation measures;
Prepare an EIA report for submittal to the Punjab Environmental
Protection Agency (PEPA).


1.3 SCOPE OF THE EIA
The scope of the work for the EIA study is as under:
Description of physical, biological, socio-economical and cultural conditions
along with the impact corridor of 2 kms along the interfiled flowlines, gas
transmission line and around the selected location at each well site including
residential camp and water evaporation ponds;
Project impact identification, prediction and significance based on project
activities such as:
Establishment and operation of the site camp(s);
Establishment of Gas transmission pipe lines;
Clean up and restoration of the campsites and right of way of
gas transmission pipe line.
1.4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
The EIA was performed in four main phases, which are described as under:
1.4.1 Desk Study and Literature Review
The key activities of this phase included:
Project Data Compilation: A generic description of the proposed activities
within the project area relevant to environmental assessment was compiled.
It was prepared with the help of OGDCL and site visit of an engineer to
specifically describe and report on the project description.
Published Literature Review: Secondary data on weather, soil, water
resources, wildlife, vegetation and communities was reviewed and compiled.
Legislative Review: Information on relevant legislation, regulations,
guidelines, and standards was reviewed and compiled.
Identification of Potential Impacts: The information collected in the
previous steps was reviewed and potential environmental issues were
identified.
1.4.2 Baseline Environmental Studies
Following the scoping exercise, the project area was surveyed by a team of
experts to collect the primary data. During the field visits information was
collected on the project activities, biological, social and physical environment.
The following specific studies were conducted as part of the EIA:
Vegetation: A Vegetation Specialist conducted a vegetation study, which
consisted of a thorough literature review and field data collection. As a part
of the vegetation study, quadrant sampling was conducted along the

proposed pipe line route, facility location and the areas floral species were
documented. Vegetation communities were identified and vegetation cover
was determined.
Wildlife Study: A Wild Life Specialist and Fresh Water Species Specialist
with support from the field team and local recourse person conducted a
wildlife study. The study consisted of a thorough literature review and field
data collection. During the fieldwork, the faunal species of the area were
documented. The diversity of avian, large and small mammals, birds and
reptile species were determined. Information was collected on the species by
the concerned of the area. In addition to that the Chenab river species and
river life system were also studied by the specialists.
Physical Environment Study: Water Resource Specialists conducted a
physical environmental study including, soil sampling, water sampling,
surface water resources of the area, water quality, and the groundwater
resources of the area.
Socioeconomic, Cultural and Gender Impact Study: A team of experts
including Anthropologist and gender specialist conducted a socioeconomic,
gender and cultural study of the project area. The study teams through
participatory technique collected data about the project, from the community
of the project area which included the village elders, women and men and
NGOs. The profile included livelihood, culture, leadership, gender issues,
spiritual and temporal leadership, demographic information based on the
field data and published sources, the existing use of land resources,
community structure, employment, distribution of income, goods and
services, public health, local religious and cultural values, and local customs,
aspirations, and attitudes.
Public and Stakeholders Consultation: Men and women, along with
village elders were consulted about the project. In addition to that public
consultation meetings were held at 9 villages. Local government
representatives and relevant departments were also consulted about the
project and their views were solicited and incorporated in the EIA.
1.4.3 Impact Assessment
The environmental, socioeconomic and cultural, gender and project
information collected in previous phases was used to assess the potential
impacts of the proposed activities. The issues studied included potential
project impacts on:
Geomorphology;
Groundwater and surface water quality;
Ambient air quality;
Ecology of the area, including flora and fauna;
Local communities socio economic and Livelihood;

Gender aspects.

Wherever possible and applicable, the discussion covered the following
aspects:
The present baseline conditions;
The change in environmental parameters likely to be effected by
project related activities;
Identification of potential impacts;
Mitigation measures to reduce impacts to as low as possible;
Prediction of impacts;
Evaluation of the importance or significance of impacts;
Implementation of mitigation measures (i.e., environmental
management).
1.4.4 Documentation of EIA
At the end of the assessment, an EIA report was prepared according to the
relevant guidelines of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. This
report includes the findings of the assessment, project impacts, and
mitigation measures. The organization of the EIA Report is as follows:
Chapter 2, of this report describes the proposed project.
Chapter 3 describes an overview of national and international legislation and
guidelines that are relevant to the proposed project.
Chapter 4, 5, 6 describes the project areas existing environmental
conditions, including the physical, biological and socioeconomic and cultural
environments.
Chapter 7 describes the Public Consultant on Processes and Findings.
Chapter 8a and 8b describes the assessment of potential project impacts
associated to project related activities.
Chapter 9 provides a set of environmental guidelines to minimize the
impacts discussed in earlier sections.
Chapter 10 presents the conclusion of the EIA.
Chapter 11 provides reference information.
This report also contains an executive summary in the beginning.


Chapter - 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1 PROJECT AREA LOCATION
Project area falls in between Kabirwala
and Shorekot, sub-division of khanewal
and Jhang, districts respectively. Gas
transmission pipe line will start from
Bahu gas field situated 12 km south
west of sub-division Ahmedpur Sail of
Jhang district to Pungpir gas gathering
station situated 17 km north east of
BGF, subdivision of Kabirwala of
district Khanewal. The existing facilities
at the Punjpir and location are given
below. The base location Map is given
in Exhibit 2.1.

2.2 SCOPE OF BAHU FIELD
DEVELOPMENT AND ROUTE
OF GAS TRANSMISSION
PIPE LINE
There are 04 wells in the Bahu field, all
located in the flood plain. Wellhead facilities of the each well will be housed
on the raised platform. A walkway will be constructed connecting Bahu-1,
Bah-2 and Bahu-3. This walkway serve
two purposes: first it will provide an
access to these wells during the flood
season and second, it will accommodate
the gas pipelines, produced water
pipeline, power lines, communication
lines and other infrastructure required
for the development of the field. At
the each well, produced water will be
separated from the produced stream
and transported to Bahu-2 using a
separate pipeline. Gas from each well
will be transported, following passing through the cyclone separators, to the
GEL 10EIA07 Description of the Project 2-1

proposed Central Surface Facilities at Bahu-2 through individual flow lines.
The Central Facilities will mainly include a production header, slug catcher,
scrapper launching system and test separator for testing individual wells. All
the water drained from the water knock out vessel will be sent to a nearby
pit for atmospheric evaporation and the wet gas will be sent to Panjpir Plant
through main transport pipeline 10 dia x 22 km long. Gas from Panjpir Plant
will be transported to Nandpur Plant through the existing transport pipeline
where the gas will be dehydrated and sold to FKPCL. The residential camp, to
accommodate 45 men, will be located near Bahu-2 on a separate raised
platform.
The proposed Gas transmission pipeline (10 inch dia) starts from Bahu gas
field towards its north to Punjpir gas gathering station. The total length of
the proposed gas line is 17000m i.e. 2200m towards north plain alluvial
river bed, 1200m towards active stream, 2200m again towards plain alluvial
river bed up to Chanab protective band after which the gas transmission
pipeline will pass through Khaki and shah Wali villages, in between the
pockets of orchards of mangoes, citrus trees and agriculture land, link roads,
and two water minor canals, up to pp#3. The distributional length of the
transmission pipe line and their location distance with Panjpir Plant and
Qatalpur is provided in Exhibit 2.2.


Exhibit 2.1:


Exhibit 2.2:

2.3 PROPOSED PROJECT ACTIVITIES
OGDCL intend to carry out the following activities starting from November
2007 to April 2008. The gas transmission lines and the allied structure of the
wells will be constructed by the company through its contractors. The
contractor will work under close environmental monitoring as well as
compliance of EIA and environmental policy of the OGDCL.
2.3.1 Camp Establishment and Mobilization
The contractor will establish camp and thereafter mobilization will be started.
The contractor camp will be established at Jalalpur (Left Bank of Chanab) and
Bahu, well no 1 site (Right bank of Chanab). The camp will utilize a total
work force of 150 people. The OGDCL will choose the proposed site in the
project area for camp establishment considering the ecological significance.
The proposed site will be a flat area where minimum leveling and clearing
would be required. It will take approximately 15 days to complete the camp
establishment and mobilization activity. Mobilization will be complete once
the camp is fully operational.
A Consultant will be hired to design facilities located within the flood plain.
The scope of work for this Consultant will be as follows.
2.3.2 River Surveys
Conduct cross sectional survey of the river including the wet part for the
reach 6 miles upstream and 4 miles downstream, 1000 ft apart, from high
bank to high bank, details of existing works, river hydrograph, water level at
different points at known discharges, samples of the bed materials and any
other information required for the Hydraulic Model Study of the required
reaches of the Chenab River.
2.3.3 Hydrological and Hydraulics Studies
Collection and analysis of available river flow data from the
nearest gauging stations;
Estimation of design discharge for the protection works;
Estimation of flood levels near Bahu Gas Field against various
return period floods;
Planning of coffer/diversion dam for facilitating construction if
required;
Estimation of scour depth for all proposed structures;
Design of permanent protection embankments with stone
protection and stone apron;

Estimation of water way for crossing gas pipeline from right of
the river to left bank;
Hydraulic model studies and reports including optimal location of
platform, flow consistency analysis, hydrological simulation,
stage discharge relationship, back water studies, sediment
transport simulations, flood simulation studies and flow pattern
of all discharge ranges near Bahu Gas Field (upstream &
downstream).
2.3.4 Geotechnical Investigation Studies
Planning of field and laboratory investigations;
Preparation of BOQ, bid invitation and award of work to the
contractor for investigation work;
Supervision of geotechnical investigations;
Supervision of laboratory tests;
Evaluation of all the investigation work and formulation of
foundation design recommendation;
Comprehensive Geotechnical Investigation Report along with
recommendations on foundation design parameters.
2.3.5 Structural Studies
Study of various options for gas pipeline crossing of the river
channel (Chenab River);
Recommendation of the best location for channel crossing
Study the geotechnical parameters for design of foundations as
per relevant specifications;
Design of raised earthen platforms of 200x200 and 300x300 ft
size for protective works. In case of pile foundation for the gas
line crossing tentative length of piles and reinforcement shall be
established along with the Design of the steel structure
supporting the pipeline;
The Consultants shall study various options for movement to
and from the working areas in the middle of the river during
floods;
The consultants shall provide BOQ and tender documents for all
civil works required for housing the production equipment, pipe
line laying, protective works and recommendations of the
hydraulic model study.


2.3.6 Line Surveying
A survey team will mark the designated survey line of the proposed gas
transmission line. This will be done along the proposed route of the
transmission gas pipe line on the ground and its coordinates and elevation
will be determined. The survey team will also identify obstacles along the
lines and determine safe distances.
2.3.7 Land Permitting
After the surveying is complete, permitting is the next activity that will take
place in the areas where the gas pipe line is to be laid. OGDCL Land
department will visit the proposed route prior to the commencement of all
other activities. The Land department team will be responsible for informing
people living in the affected areas about the transmission line construction. It
will also be responsible for working out issues such as access, crop damage
(if any), crossing of water course and compensation rates. Compensation to
the identified landowners will be paid after verification, before start of any
work.
2.3.8 Restoration and Rehabilitation
After work has been completed in an area, the Restoration and Rehabilitation
crew will ensure that the affected areas are left in a condition that is nearest
to their original state. It will be ensured that all holes and pits are backfilled
and that no debris or trash is left behind.
2.3.9 Equipment
Following equipments (Exhibit 2.3) will be used in the construction of
transmission gas pipe line from Bahu gas field to pangpir gas field:
Exhibit 2.3: Work Activity and Equipment Detail
Activity Equipment
Trenching Excavators
Straining Loader, Crane
Welding Electrode rods, Generators,
Coating
Truck ,Propane tank, Hose, Regulator, Torch, Wet fill
thick ness gauge, Mixing sticks , Cups and Applicator
pads, Digital Thermometer,
Testing Gages
Lowering Side boom, Dozar, Back filler ,
Commissioning


2.3.10 Vehicular Traffic
Project related traffic during the mobilization and demobilization phases of
the gas transmission pipeline will consist of vehicles transporting equipment
and personnel (Trucks for heavy equipment, loaders, side booms,
excavators, and smaller vehicles for personnel). During the gas transmission
pipeline construction and operation, both the kacha and pacca tracks of the
roads will be expanded.
2.3.11 Supplies
2.3.11.1 Water
Water will be required for camp operation and human consumption in the
field. The company will install one tube well of 2 cusecs upto the depth of
150 to 175 ft feet for procuring ground water; as ground water potential
exists in the project area. The other option is surface water from irrigation
canal or distributory after approval from the concerned irrigation department.
2.3.11.2 Fuel and Lubricants
Diesel will be the primary fuel required for vehicles and generator operation
during the gas transmission pipeline project. It will be transported from
nearby cities such as Shorekot city or Ahmed pur sail city by tank trucks. A
maximum of 2,000 liters of diesel per day is envisaged during the
construction of gas transmission line. The on-site fuel storage will have a
capacity of about 10,000 liters. Bottled Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) will be
used in the kitchen for cooking.
2.3.11.3 Camp Supplies
The camp supplies will be transported from the nearby cities of Shorekot.
2.3.12 Emissions and Discharge
The sources of gaseous emissions during the construction of gas transmission
pipeline will include:
Vehicle exhaust;
Machinery (Excavators, Side booms, Bulldozers, Trucks, etc.) exhaust;
Power generators' exhaust;
Dust emissions generated by vehicle operation on the unpaved
tracks/along the kacha tracks.
The sources of liquid and solid wastes generated during the gas transmission
pipeline will include:
Used oils and other chemicals from vehicles and equipment;
Garbage waste;

Sewage from camp;
Domestic waste;
Grey water from the camp.
2.3.13 Waste Management
Solid waste will be segregated. Most of the garbage plastic, glass, and other
non- combustible and recyclable waste will be segregated and supplied to
vendors for recycling. The combustible waste will be burnt in a controlled
burn-pit at the base camp.
Anything mechanically reusable will be provided to scrap contractors for
reuse or recycling. Anything potentially dangerous such as batteries and
aerosols will be placed in a separate container, appropriately marked, and
disposed off through the vendor.
Hazardous medical waste will be bagged and binned in a separate,
appropriately labeled container. This waste will be disposed of at the nearest
waste treatment facility .If no such facilities are available, the medical waste
will be placed in a glass jar, some acid will be added, and the jar will then be
transported for incineration.
The camp sewage will be directed to a system of lined septic tanks for
anaerobic biodegradation. The overflow water from the septic tank will be
directed to a soaking pit. The sanitary/ grey water from kitchen and washing
areas will also be directed to soaking pit(s) of adequate sizes.
2.4 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
The flowlines from Bahu-1 to Bahu-2 and Bahu-3 to Bahu-2 will be overhead
constructed over the walkway supported on the piles. This walkway will
accommodate 6 dia gas flow lines & 4 dia disposed water pipeline from
Bahu-2 and Bahu3 to Bahu-2, power cables, communication cables. The
pipeline from Bahu-North to Bahu-2 will be buried underground supported by
clamps on top of the piles down to scour depth.
Part of the trunk line (about 6 km) which falls within the flood plain from
Bahu-2 to bund will be constructed over the piles, while the rest of the trunk
line after the bund to Punjpir plant will be buried underground.
2.4.1 Right Of Way
Pipeline right-of-way (ROW) is strip of land, up to 50 feet in width, in which
gas pipelines are installed. All the crop and infrastructure will be cleaned and
compensated. OGDCL will make an agreement with owners of land for taking
the land on lease.

2.4.2 Straining
Pipes will be placed on supports made of wood or other support material
suitable for this purpose. This will be done to give protection against ground
water, seepage and mud.
An average pipe length will be supported at least at least two points.
The pipe will be carefully lowered along the pipe route during unloading; it
will not be rolled off or dropped from the vehicles.
Following things will be provided to ensure safety measures:

Skids;
Sleepers;
Enamel;
Temperature gauge;
First aid box;
Washers;
Nails;
Gunny bags.
2.4.3 Welding
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or
thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the
work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material
that cools to become a strong joint. At sometimes pressure is used in
conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld.
Shield metal arc welding is used for jointing the gas transmission pipeline in
which the arc is developed between the base metal and the flux - coated
electrode. In this welding process both A.C and D.C current is used. All
production welding including repair welding will be performed by experience
welders. Quality of the welds/ welded pipes will be determined by NDT (Non-
destructive testing).


2.4.3.1 Accept Standards
All welds will meet API 1104 Standards of acceptability, latest addition.
2.4.3.2 Cleaning
The pipe will be kept preferably still throughout the duration of welding. For
position welding, the pipe will be placed at an adequate distance from the
ground so as to enable the welders to move freely and to ensure proper
excavation of the work.
2.4.4 Testing
2.4.4.1 Hydro Testing
The entire pipeline is to be tested with water at a pressure 1.5 times the
actual operating pressure. The pressurization has to be kept for 48 hours.
The pressure and temperature recorders are to be affixed for the period of
the test.
The recorder will be calibrated, charts will be installed, and the test will be
conducted in the presence of an inspector who will verify the chart after
successful completion of the tests.
In case of failure of a test the site engineer will locate uncover and repair all
pipe failures by coating and backfilling all pipe repairs. If failure occurs during
either partial pressurization or 48 hour hold period, the test after repair and
temperature / pressure stabilization, will continue from the point at which the
failure occurred.
2.4.4.2 Purging
After successful completion of tests, the line will be purged with air for
removing of stones, dirt or any other foreign material etc.
2.4.4.3 Blasting
Sand blasting is used in the gas transmission pipe line in which joints which
are naked with out coating are blasted up to 140 micron, and than heated
and coated.
2.4.5 Coating and Wrapping
The flow lines and main trunk line will be 3 layer polyethylene factory coated
& catholically protected. Only the weld joints will be coated at site using heat
shrinkable sleeves.


2.4.6 Trenching
The trench will be excavated and maintained along the survey line in
accordance with the requirement set forth on the applicable drawings. The
ditch will be kept in good condition until the pipe is laid.

2.4.6.1 Lower Pipes in Trench
Gas transmission pipeline is lowered with the help of at least two side booms.
Operator of side booms and staff should be well trained. Safety measures
during lowering of pipeline will be used.


2.4.6.2 Back Filling
Back filling operation will follow soon after the lowering of the pipe provided
that the pipe has been lowered to its correct position.
The back filling of trench will be done to fill the trench with the excavated
material after providing proper sand cushioning wherever required, for the
pipe laid. However, the back filling operation will not be preceded unless the
sand cushioning has been physically checked and approved by the inspector.
No stumps, large clods, clary, or other material that will cause voids in the
trench back filled will be allowed in the trench.
All excavated material will have to be back filled, with proper compaction and
a crown is to be left over the back filled trench wherever possible. In case of
excess excavated material the same will be stacked over the trench in a
proper profile as per the requirements of work.
2.4.7 Commissioning of Pipeline
No gas will be introduced into any section of pipeline unless it has been
tested. Mostly two types of tests, Yoyo test and Hydrostatic test are
conducted before the commissioning of gas transmission pipeline. A sufficient
notice period will be give to concerned engineer who will liaison with the chief
engineer and draw up procedures for such purging and commissioning. Gas
will be introduced in a section of pipeline only after all constructions and
assembling has been completed. It will be ensured that no work out standing
will necessitate the depressurization of the section at a letter date

2.4.8 Protection against floods
Bahu Gas Field is located in the flood plains of river Chenab. Gas shall be
produced from the wells, gathered and transported through pipeline to an
existing OGDCL facility at Nandpur. For protection of the gas production
equipment against the flood threats these shall be housed on raised earthen

platforms. The gas transportation line shall be crossing the river from the
right to left bank of the river Chenab. Construction methodology is explained
below.
2.4.8.1 Raised Earthen Platforms
Raised earthen platform of 200 x 200 size shall be constructed at
each well site except for Bahu Well No. 2 which shall have a 400 x
400 raised platform being the gathering station;
The raised platforms shall be constructed of compacted soil from the
local quarries. The platform shall have a wider base and shall provide
the required area at the top for installation of the gas production
equipment. The height of the platform shall be a minimum of three
feet above the highest flood level established in the river reach;
All around the platforms a toe-wall or apron shall be provided which
shall be constituted of stone boulders. Resting on this toe-wall, and to
protect the side slopes of the raised platforms against the weathering
action and river flows, stone pitching shall be provided. This pitching
consists of stone material of various sizes to protect and resist the
erosion of the side slopes;
The top surface shall have a stone ballast compacted surfaces for free
movement and dust control/environment protection.
2.4.9 Protective Bunds
Protective bunds shall be provided, if required for diversion of the river
water on the recommendations of the hydraulic studies.
The bunds shall have a stone toe-wall and shall be earthen
embankment filled in compacted layers. The side slopes and the top
surface shall have a stone pitching for protection against the
weathering and river actions.
The bund top surface shall act as a road or channel crossing as
required.
2.4.9.1 Pipeline River Crossing
Gas produced from the wells shall be gathered at Bahu Well No. 2. It
shall then be transported through a line pipe from the right to the left
bank of the river;
The line pipe shall rest on steel structures raised minimum of 20 feet
above the river flow level. This steel structure shall have a pile
foundation.

CHAPTER - 3 POLICY AND REGULATORY
REVIEW

3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides details of the local laws, international conventions,
guidelines, and best practices applicable to the project.

3.2 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
3.2.1 Conduct of an EIA
As per Schedule II of the IEE and EIA Review Regulations (2000) {2000
Regulations}, the proposed project falls under the category of projects which
requires an EIA. The preparation of this EIA satisfies the requirement of the
Regulations for Preparation of IEE / EIA, 2000.
3.2.2 Approval from EPD, Punjab
As per the 2000 Regulations, OGDCL, will be required to submit an EIA
report to EPD (Environment Protection Department), Punjab and seek
approval on the same from the agency. Ten hard copies and 2 soft copies of
the EIA report will be need to be submitted to EPD. EPD will grant its decision
on the EIA as per the rules and procedures set out in the 2000 Regulations.
The following rules will apply:
A fee is payable to EPD for review of the EIA;
The EIA submittal is to be accompanied by an application in the
format prescribed in Schedule IV of the 2000 Regulations;
EPD is bound to conduct a preliminary scrutiny and reply within
10 days of the submittal of the report a) confirming
completeness, or b) asking for additional information, if needed;
OGDCL will publish a public notice in any English or Urdu
national newspaper and in a local newspaper of general
circulation in the area affected by the project. The public notice
will mention the following:
The type of project;
The location of the project;
GEL 10EIA07 Policy and Regulatory Review 3-1

The name and address of the proponent;
The places at which the EIA can be accessed;
The date, time and place for public hearing of any
comments on the project or its EIA;
The date set for public hearing will not be earlier than 30 days
from the date of publication of the public notice
In the review process EPD may consult a Committee of Experts,
which maybe constituted on the request of the DG EPD;
On completion of the review process and the public hearing, the
decision of EPD will be communicated to the proponent in the
form prescribed in Schedule VI;
Where an EIA is approved, EPD can impose additional controls
as part of the conditions of approval;
EPD is required to make every effort to complete the EIA review
process within 90 days of the issue of confirmation of
completeness. However, EPD can take up to 4 months for
communication of final decision;
The approval will remain valid for the project duration
mentioned in the EIA but on the condition that the project
commences within a period of three years from the date of
approval. If the project is initiated after three years from
approval date, the proponent will have to apply for an extension
in the validity period. The EPD on receiving such request grant
extension (not exceeding 3 years at a time) or require the
proponent to submit a fresh EIA if in the opinion of EPD changes
in baseline conditions or the project so warrant;
After receiving approval from EPD the proponent will
acknowledge acceptance of the conditions of approval by
executing an undertaking in the form prescribed in Schedule VII
of the 2000 Regulations;
The 2000 Regulations also require proponents to obtain from
EPD, after the end of construction phase of the project, a
confirmation that the requirements of the EIA and the conditions
of approval have been duly complied with;
The EPD in granting the confirmation of compliance may impose
any additional control regarding the environmental management
of the project or the operation, as it deems necessary.
3.2.3 Project Monitoring and Compliance
During project execution OGDCL, will be required to comply with the
recommendations of the EIA and any condition of approval set forth by EPD.
Post EIA monitoring and reporting is mandatory under clause 19 of the 2000

Regulations. The Regulations require proponents of all projects to submit
monitoring reports on completion of construction, yearly reports during
operation, and any additional reports required by the EPD. The format and
contents of such reports are not specified in the law.
3.2.4 Effluent and Emission Standards
Effluent and emissions from the project activities will have to meet the
National Environmental Quality Standards, 2000 (NEQS). The NEQS are
provided in Exhibit 3.1 and Exhibit 3.2, at the end of the chapter.
3.2.5 Effluent and Emission Self Monitoring and Reporting
3.2.5.1 National Environmental Quality Standards (Self
Monitoring and Reporting by Industry) Rules, 2001
The rules establish pollution limits for industries in Pakistan under an honor-
based self-monitoring system obliging all industries to monitor liquid
effluents and gaseous emissions and submit environmental monitoring
reports (in the formats set out in Schedule VI) to the relevant EPA (in this
case EPD) timely and correctly. The dairy industry is classified as B
category for monitoring of both liquid effluents and gaseous emissions. The
reporting requirements for the dairy industry are given in Exhibit 3.3. All
industrial units in B category are required to submit monitoring reports on
a quarterly basis
3.2.5.2 Industrial Pollution Charge (Calculation and Collection)
Rules, 2001
These rules ensure the correct calculation, reporting and payment of
pollution charges by polluting/industrial units. As per this regulation, industry
will be liable to pay pollution charge for any pollution above NEQS. The list of
parameters on which pollution charges shall apply and the method of
calculating pollution charge are given in the Schedules attached to the
Regulation.
3.2.5.3 Environmental Sample Rules, 2001
These rules authorise the Federal EPA and its authorised persons to obtain
and test samples from industries to verify self-monitoring reports and
calculation of pollution charges.
3.2.5.4 National Environmental Quality Standards (Certification
of Environmental Laboratories) Rules, 2001
These rules were established as checks on environmental laboratories and
require all laboratories to be certified from the Federal EPA as per the rules
and criteria set out in the regulation.

3.2.6 Wildlife, Forests, and Protected Areas
3.2.6.1 The Punjab Wildlife (Protection, Preservation,
Conservation and Management) Act, 1974 (PB Act II Of
1974)
Under the Punjab Wildlife Protection, Preservation, Conservation and
Management Act 1974 three types of protected areas viz. National Park,
Wildlife Sanctuary and Game Reserve have been notified in the province for
protection, conservation, preservation, and management of wildlife. These
protected areas have varying restrictions with regards to the conduct of
activities and projects.
3.2.7 Protection of Antiquities
In Pakistan and the province of Punjab antiquities are protected under the
Antiquities Act, 1975. Protected archaeological or cultural sites are neither
reported from the area nor observed during the field visit and hence these
laws are not applicable to the project.
3.2.8 Others
There are other acts, regulations, bye laws which may have some relevance
to the project as well but these are either outdated (such as the Factories Act
1934, The Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1965, etc); not completely enforced
(such as the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 in which the district
governments also have powers to make and implement bye laws related to
sewage and waste disposal etc), or supplementary to the key laws discussed
above. In addition to that THE CANAL AND DRAINAGE ACT, 1873 (Act VIII of
1873) - section 20 regarding supply of water is relevant to the project
activities.
3.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
Pakistan is a signatory to a number of international conventions and treaties.
The relevant ones include:
The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild
Animals, 1979 (CMS): the Convention requires countries to
take action to avoid endangering migratory species. The
term "migratory species" refers to the species of wild
animals, a significant proportion of whose members cyclically
and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional
boundaries. The parties are also required to promote or co-
operate with other countries in matters of research on
migratory species. The Convention contains two appendices.
Appendix I contain the list of migratory species that are
endangered according to the best scientific evidence
available. For these species, the member states are required

to endeavor to: conserve and restore their habitats; prohibit
their hunting, fishing, capturing, harassing and deliberate
killing; remove obstacles and minimize activities that
seriously hinder their migration; and control other factors
that might endanger them, including control of introduced
exotic species. Appendix II lists migratory species, or groups
of species, that have an unfavorable conservation status as
well as those that would benefit significantly from the
international co-operation that could be achieved through
intergovernmental agreements;
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): This convention came into
effect in March 1973 at Washington. In all 130 countries are
signatory to this convention with Pakistan signing the
convention in 1976. The convention requires the signatories
to impose strict regulation (including penalization,
confiscation of the specimen etc.) regarding trade of all
species threatened with extinction or that may become so, in
order not to endanger further their survival. The Convention
contains three appendices. Appendix I includes all species
threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by
trade. The Convention requires that trade in these species
should be subject to strict regulation. Appendix II includes
species that are not necessarily threatened presently but
may become so unless trade in specimen of these species is
subject to strict regulation. Appendix III includes species
which any contracting party identifies as subject to
regulations in trade and requires other parties to co-operate
in this matter;
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 (CBD): Pakistan as a
signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity is
obligated to develop a national strategy for the conservation
of biodiversity. The Government of Pakistan has constituted
a Biodiversity Working Group under the auspices of the
Ministry of Environment, Local Government and Rural
Development to develop a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) for
the country. After an extensive consultations, a draft Action
Plan has been developed, which is presently under review.
The Plan, which has been designed to complement the NCS
(National Conservation Strategy) and the proposed provincial
conservation strategies, identifies the causes of biodiversity
loss in Pakistan and presents action proposals to conserve
biodiversity in the country. The BAP recognizes that at
project level an EIA is used as a tool to identify
environmental effects of a proposed project and to plan for
reducing adverse effects. The BAP further stipulates that an
EIA should be initiated at an early stage in project

development cycle and that public participation in the review
of potential effects is important;
Conventions on Wetlands 1971 (Ramsar Convention):
Pakistan is a signatory to the said Convention. The principal
obligations of contracting parties to the Convention are:
To designate wetlands for the List of Wetlands of
International Importance;
To formulate and implement planning so as to promote
wise use of wetlands, to carry out EIA before
transformations of wetlands, and to make national
wetland inventories;
To establish nature reserves on wetlands and provide
adequately for their wardening and through management
to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate
wetlands;
To train personnel competent in wetland research,
management and wardening;
To promote conservation of wetlands by combining far-
sighted national policies with coordinated international
action, to consult with other contracting parties about
implementing obligations arising from the Convention,
especially about shared wetlands and water system;
To promote wetland conservation concerns with
development aid agencies;
To encourage research and exchange of data;
1992 Climate Change Convention: The convention aims at
stabilizing greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere
at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system. To achieve the
objective of the convention, all parties are generally required
to develop national inventories of emission; formulate and
implement national and regional programs of mitigation
measures; all developed country parties and the EC were
specifically obliged to take measures to limit greenhouse gas
emissions by the year 2000 at 1990 levels;
Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and
its Protocols 1985: The Parties to this Convention are aware
of the potentially harmful impact on human health and the
environment through modification of the ozone layer and
recall the pertinent provisions of the Declaration of the
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, and
in particular principle 21, and are also mindful that measures
to protect the ozone layer from modifications due to human

activities require international co-operation and action and
should be based on relevant scientific and technical
considerations.
Although not all of the treaties and conventions are directly legally binding on
the proponent, the intent and objectives of applicable treaties and
conventions will be respected. The EIA report satisfies the requirement of the
CBD in that it looks at biodiversity issues and the protection of wildlife in the
EIA. The species identified during field surveys that are covered under CITES
and CMS have been given special consideration in the assessment of the
potential project related impacts and their mitigation.
The gaseous emissions from the project will conform to the NEQS and will
not contribute to any significant emissions of greenhouse gases and hence
will not be in conflict with the recommendations and intent of the Convention
on Climate Change.
3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES
The EIA takes into account relevant international and local guidelines in the
conduct of the EIA, recommendations for mitigation measures, and
development of the environmental management and monitoring plan. These
include the following:
Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures (1997);
World Bank Environmental Assessment Source Book (1998)
and its Updates;
World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
(including sector guidelines for dairy industry).
The World Bank guidelines recommend the following standards for noise and
air emissions for the dairy industry:
Air emissions: 50 mg/Nm
3
from powder milk production;
Noise emissions:
Residential and educational property boundary: 55 db(A)
during day and 45 db(A) during night;
Industrial or commercial property boundary: 70 db (A)
during day or night.


Exhibit 3.1: NEQS for Municipal and Industrial Effluents
a

Parameters Into Inland
Water
Into Sewage
Treatmentb
Temperature or temperature
increase
c

3C 3C
pH 6-9 6-9
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD5) at 20
o
C
d

80 250
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
d

150 400
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 200 400
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 3,500 3,500
Grease and oil 10 10
Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 0.3
Chloride (as Cl
) 1,000 1,000
Fluoride (as F) 10 10
Total cyanide (as CN
) 1.0 1.0
An-ionic detergents (as MBAS)
e

20 20
Sulphate (SO
4
) 600 600
Sulphide (S
) 1.0 1.0
Ammonia (NH
3
) 40 40
Pesticides
f

0.15 0.15
Cadmium
g

0.1 0.1
Chromium (trivalent & hexavalent)
g

1.0 1.0
Copper
g

1.0 1.0
Lead
g

0.5 0.5

Mercury
g

0.01 0.01
Selenium
g

0.5 0.5
Nickel
g

1.0 1.0
Silver
g

1.0 1.0
Total Toxic metals 2.0 2.0
Zinc 5.0 5.0
Arsenic
g

1.0 1.0
Barium
g

1.5 1.5
Iron 8.0 8.0
Manganese 1.5 1.5
Boron
g

6.0 6.0
Chlorine 1.0 1.0
Source: Qadar (2003)
Notes
a

All values are in mg/l, unless otherwise defined
b

Applicable only when and where sewage treatment is operational and
BOD5=80 mg/L is achieved by the sewage treatment system
c

The effluent should not result in temperature increase of more than 3C at
the edge of zone where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving
body. In case zone is defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge
d

Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge, lower ratio would attract
progressively stringent standards to be determined by the Federal
Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution means, for example that
for each one cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should
have 10 cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent
e

Modified Benzene Alkyl Sulphate; assuming surfactant as biodegradable
f

Pesticides include herbicide, fungicides and insecticides
g
Subject to the total toxic metals discharge should not exceed level of total
toxic metals

Exhibit 3.2: NEQS for selected gaseous pollutants from industrial sources
a

Parameter Source of emission Standard
Smoke Any 40% or 2 Ringlemann
scale or equivalent
smoke number
Particulate
matter
b

Boilers and furnaces:
Oil fired 300
Coal fired 500
Cement kilns 300
Grinding, crushing,
clinker coolers and
related processes,
metallurgical
processes, converter
blast furnaces and
cupolas
500
Hydrogen chloride Any 400
Chlorine Any 150
Hydrogen fluoride Any 150
Hydrogen sulfide Any 10
Sulfur oxides
c

Sulfuric acid/Sulfonic
acid plants
5,000
Other plants except
power plants operating
on oil and coal
1,700
Carbon monoxide Any 800
Lead Any 50
Mercury Any 10
Cadmium Any 20

Parameter Source of emission Standard
Arsenic Any 20
Copper Any 50
Antimony Any 20
Zinc Any 200
Oxides of
nitrogen
d

Nitric acid
manufacturing unit
3,000
Other plants except
power plants operating
on oil or coal:

Oil Fired 400
Coal fired 600
Cement kilns 1,200
Source: Qadar (2003)

Notes:
a.

All values are in mg/Nm
3
, unless otherwise defined
b.

Based on the assumption that the size of the particulates is 10 micron or
more
c
.
Based on 1% sulphur content in fuel oil. Higher content of sulphur will cause
standards to be pro-rated
d.

In respect of the emissions of the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the
power plants operating on oil or coal as fuel shall, in addition to NEQS
specified above, comply with the following standards


CHAPTER 4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

This section describes the Biological baseline of the project area, its
ecosystem and biodiversity, presents a review of past studies, and discusses
existing ecological conditions, and the methods adopted for this study. This
section also lists the vegetation and wildlife species, and identifies those that
are protected under national, or international laws.
Bahu gas field area was visited from 22 to 24 June 2007 to assess the impact
of proposed gas lines from Bahu gas field to Panj Pir station. The area was
thoroughly surveyed and residents of the area were contacted to assess their
views about the development activity.
4.1 METHODOLOGY
Specific efforts were made during the limited survey time to assess the
distribution status of large and small mammals, birds, reptiles and
amphibians. In addition to field surveys which were conducted both at dusk
and dawn, local inhabitants were also interviewed to assess the existing of
various wildlife species. For birds references were made through literature
review to the work done by Roberts (1991, 1992).
Faunal data was collected by different methods at random locations within
the project area. In the field data was linked with the field maps through GPS
system. A variety of techniques were used to establish the presence and
distribution of species in the project area. These techniques were
incorporated into the sampling plan to account for all types of mammals,
birds, reptiles.
At each sampling site plot search was carried out to detect as many species
of birds, reptiles and mammals as possible within a circular zone of
approximately 500 meter radius. Faecal pellets, foot prints, identifiable
tracks, burrows and tunnels etc. were used for identification of species. Point
count methods were used to monitor birds and by standing at one spot
recorded all birds seen.
4.2 OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE VARIOUS CONVENTIONS
RELATED TO BIODIVERSITY
Pakistan has ratified various conventions related to biodiversity for the
safeguard of the fauna and flora and their habitats. The provisions of these
conventions are to be taken into account while undertaking development
activities in the project areas by the stake holders.
GEL 10EIA07 Biological Environment 4-1

4.2.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity was signed in 19925 by 156 nations
(including Pakistan) at the UN Conference on Environment and Development,
the Earth Summit, in Rio de Janeiro. The convention aims to save animal and
plant species and their habitats. The convention stipulates that parties must:
Develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of
biological resources:
Establish protected areas, resuscitate degraded ecosystems, control
alien species and establish conservation facilities;
Establish training and research programmes for sustainable use of
biodiversity and support such programmes in developing countries;
Promote public education and awareness regarding conservation and
sustainable use of biodiversity;
Carry out an environment impact assessment prior to any proposed
project that may reduce biodiversity;
Recognize the right of governments to regulate access to their own
genetic resources for environmentally sound uses;
Encourage technology and biotechnology transfer , particularly to
developing countries;
Establish an information exchange between the parties on all subjects
relevant to biodiversity;
Promote technical and scientific cooperation between parties,
particularly between developing countries, to enable them to
implement the convention;
Ensure that countries that provide genetic resources have access to
the benefits arising from them; and
Providing financial resources to developing countries in order to enable
them to carry out the requirements of the convention.
4.2.2 Convention on Migratory Species
Under the CMS, the contracting parties acknowledge the importance of
migratory species being conserved and of Range States agreeing to take
action to this and whenever possible and appropriate, paying special
attention to migratory species the conservation status of which in
unfavorable, and taking individually on in co-operation appropriate and
necessary steps to conserve each species and their habitat.
In particular, the parties
a. Should promote, co-operate in and support research relating to
migratory species;

b. Shall endeavour to provide immediate protection for migratory
species included in Appendix I (migratory species which are
endangered); and
c. Shall endeavor to conclude agreements, covering the conservation
and management of migratory species included in appendix II
(migratory species which have an unfavorable conservation status
and which require international agreements for their conservation
and management as well as those which have a conservation status
which would significantly benefit from the international co-
operation that could be achieved by an international agreement).
The following species are included in the Appendix I of the CMS.
Dalmatian pelican;
White pelican;
Marbled teal;
White eyed pochard;
White headed duck;
White tailed sea-eagle;
Greater spotted eagle;
Imperial eagle;
Lesser kestrel;
Siberian crane;
Sociable plover;
Species recorded in the project area.
CITES (Convention an International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora0 is an international agreement between governments. Its
aim is to ensure that intentional trade in specimens of wild animals and
plants does not threaten their survival. It has entered into force on
01.07.1975.
The wildlife trade is diverse, ranging from live animals and plants to a vast
array of wildlife products derived from them, including food products, exotic
leather goods, wooden musical instruments, timber, tourist curios and
medicines. Levels of exploitation of some animal and plant species are high
and the trade in them, together with other factors, such as habitat loss, is
capable of heavily depleting their populations and even bringing some
species close to extinction.
4.3 DESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
This section describes the baseline of the project area, its ecosystem and
biodiversity, presents a review of past studies, and discusses exiting

ecological conditions. This section also lists the vegetation and wildlife
species, and identifies that are protected under national, or international
laws.
Bahu gas field contains resident population of many animals. Other species
vary in activity pattern between one time of the year and others, for example
many reptiles and amphibians are particularly active in summer month. This
field survey was conducted during third week of June 2007. Therefore the
reptiles and amphibians were also visible. However their presence in the area
has been reported on the basis of personal observations and interviews with
the inhabitants of the area.
4.3.1 Flora
The richness of flora in any tract corresponds to its annual rainfall; as the
area receives little rainfall the flora of the area is limited in consequence.
Natural flora of the area is dominated by xerophytic species. Common trees
both in wild and crop lands include Zizyphus mauritiana, Acacia nilotica,
Salvadora oleoides, Tamarix aphylla, Albizzia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo etc.
and among the shrubs Tamarix dioca, Zizyphus nummularia, Capparis
aphylla, lana, lani,dab, Saccharum munja, S. spontaneum, Typha angustata
Phragmites karka, Alhaji camelorum,Salsola foetida, Sueda fruticoca etc.are
common. Open communities of xerophytic shrubs and grasses dominate the
banks of the river area. Vegetative cover is very thin and rarely exceeds
10-15% during the dry season. But as learnt from interviews with the local
habitants the vegetative cover increases considerably after monsoon rains
and flood season as ephemerals grasses and herbs emerge from dormant
seed bank in the soil and temporarily increase level of cover and forage
available to wildlife and live stock.
Based on the areas geomorphology and floral attributes following habitats
have been identified in the project area.
4.3.2 River Banks
4.3.2.1 Sandy River Banks
These areas occur all along the Chenab river on both sides, the soil is mostly
sandy and subject to flooding every year and support poor vegetation from
grazing point of view having less palatable coarse gasses kai (Saccharum
spotaneum), kundar (Typha angustata), Nar (Phagmites karka) etc. less
palatable species like lai (Tamarix dioca), jawanha (Alhaji maurorum) etc. of
little forage value are found in these areas. However production from these
areas can be increased to some extent with eradication of undesirable
species and introduction better fodder plants and shrubs.


Exhibit 4.1: Lai growing along river banks

Exhibit 4.2: Alluvial deposits along River Banks

On the banks of river in low lying areas with high water regime different
plant species like Sccharum spontaneum, Desmostachya bipinnata, Typha
angustata, Phragmites karka, Tamarix dioca, Alhaji camelorum, Salsola
foetida, Sueda fruticosa are commonly found. Some of these species are of
little or no forage value. However they stabilize the stream banks and
provide some fuel to people of the area. Multipurpose trees and shrubs can
be easily established along the stream banks.

Exhibit 4.3: Sandy River bank with vegetal cover of low fodder value species

Exhibit 4.4: Typha and Saccharum species growing along Chenab river
banks


4.3.3 Agricultural lands
Agricultural lands in the areas have very high to low potential for agriculture
under irrigated and rainfed cultivation. In areas where irrigation water from
canals or tube wells is available high value crops like cotton, sugar cane,
wheat, and mango and sweet lemon orchards have been established. Areas
along the riverbanks within protected bunds have also been brought under
cultivation. As these areas are located within protected bunds of the river are
subjected to flooding whenever there is rise in river level during flood
season.

Agricultural lands outside Protected Bunds
Exhibit 4.5: Well-established Mango orchard in the canal irrigated area


Exhibit 4.6: Agricultural field in the Project area

Exhibit 4.7: Luxuriant growth of Agricultural crop cotton within project area


4.3.4 Agricultural lands within protected Bunds
These areas lie within protected bund and river banks. The soil are of
medium to low potential as these area are subjected to water logging and
salinity at some places. Areas which are saline or saline-sodic Kallar grass
(Leptochloa fusca) and Jantar (Sesbania sesban) are grown for reclamation
of soil and fodder purposes. Live stock rearing is common practice and large
herds of cattle and buffaloes can be seen grazing along the river banks.
Sheep and goat farming is also common in the area.

Exhibit 4.8: Kallar grass grown in saline-sodic soils for soil reclamation and
fodder


Exhibit 4.9: Cattle and buffaloes grazing along river banks

Exhibit 4.10: Indian Monitor Lizard


Exhibit 4.11: Mastacembelus armatus (Baam)

Exhibit 4.12: Rita rita (Kagha)

Exhibit 4.13: Labeo rohita ( Rahu)

Exhibit 4.14: Mirigala

Exhibit 4.15: Catla Catla (Thailla)


Exhibit 4.16: Typhlops braminus (Brahminy Blind Snake)

Exhibit 4.17: Vulpes vulpes (common fox)


Exhibit 4.18: Felis Chaus (Jungle cat)

Exhibit 4.19: Carvus splendens (House crow)

Exhibit 4.20: Columiba livia (Blue rock pigeon)

Exhibit 4.21: Streptoplelia decaocto (Collard Dove)

Exhibit 4.22: Francolinus francolinus (Black partridge)

Exhibit 4.23: Milvus migrans (common Kite)

Exhibit 4.24: Coturnix coturnix (common quail)

Exhibit 4.25: Chrysomma sinense (Yellow Eyed Babler)

Exhibit 4.26: Saxicoloides fulicata (Indian robin)


Exhibit 4.27: List of Plant found in Project area
S.No
.
Common Name Scientific Name
1 Aak Calatropis procera
2 Aaksan, Asgand Withania somnifera
3 Alistonia Alistonia scholaris
4 Arind Ricinus communis
5 Arjan Terminalia arjuna
6 Baikar Justacia adhatoda
7 Bakain Melia azedarach
8 Bakhra Tribulis terrestris
9 Banna Vitex negundo
10 Barh Ficus bengalensisa
11 Bathu Chenopodium album
12 Ber Ziziphus mauritiana syn Z. jujuba
13 Bhang Cannabis sativa
14 Bhurat Cenchrus barbatus
15 Booi Erva javanica
16 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea glabra
17 Castor plant Ricinus communis
18 Chibbar Cucumic melo var agrestis
19 Dab, Drab Desmostachya bipinnata
20 Datura Datura innoxia
21 Deela Cyprus rotundus
22 Dhamaan Fagonia critica

S.No
.
23 Duranta Duranta plumieri
24 Eucalyptus, Sufaida Eucalyptus camaldulensis
25 Euphobia Euphorbia heliscopia
26 Frash, Pharean Tamarix Aphylla
27 Gharam Panicum antidotale
28 Gul Bakaoli Echornis crassipes
29 Hermal Peganum harmala
30 Itsit Boerhaaavia diffusa
31 Jaman Syzygium cummuni
32 Jwahan Alhagi maurorum
33 Kaana Erianthus munja
34 kachnar Bauhinia variegata
35 Kahi Saccharum spontanium
36 Kana Saccharum munja
37 Kaner Nerium indicum
38 Karir Capparis aphylla
39 Khabbal Cynodon dactylon
40 Khat mit Oxalois corniculata
41 Khawi Cymbopogon jawarancusa
42 Khip Laptadenia spatioum
43 Khjur Phoenix dectylifera
44 Kikar Acacia nilotica
45 Kundar Typha angusttata

S.No
.
46 Kurand Chenopodium morale
47 Laii, Pelchhi Tamarix dioca
48 Lantana Lantana camara
49 Leli Convolvulus arvensis
50 Lumb, Lumbi Aristida adscensionis
51 Mako, Kach mach Solanum nigrum
52 Mallah Ziziphus nummularia
53 Mesquite Prosopis juliflora
54 Moakrri, Kandiali Solanum surratense
55 Nar, Nalu Phragmites karka
56 Nara Arundo donax
57 Niazbo Ocimum basilicum
58 Ochthochloa compressa chhimber
59 Palwan Bothruochloa pertusa
60 Parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeata
61 Peelo Salvadoa oleiodes
62 Pit papra Fumaria indica
63 Pohli Carthamus oxycantha
64 Rat ki rani Cestrum nocturnum
65 Sanatha Dodonaea viscosa
66 Semal Bombax ceiba
67 Siris Albizzia lebbeck
68 Sukh chain Pongamia glabra

S.No
.
69 Tahli, Shisham Dalbergia sissoo
70 Thor Opuntia delleni
71 Tumba Citrullus colocynthis
72 Wallayti aak Ipomea carnea

Exhibit 4.28: List of Bird Species of the Project Area

Sta
tus

Occurrenc
e

S.
N
o

English Name

Scientific name
M
i
g
r
a
t
o
r
R
e
s
i
d
e
n
t

C
o
m
m
o
n

A
b
u
n
d
a
n
L
e
s
s

C
o
m
m
o
n

R
a
r
e

1 Bank myna acridotheresginginianus x x
2 Bay backed shrike Lanius vittatis x
3 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus x x
4 Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus x x
5 Black partridge Francolinus francolinus x x
6 Blue jay Coracias benghalensis x x
7 Blue rock pigeon Columba livia x x
8 Collard Dove Streptopilelia decaocto x x
9 Common babbler Turdoides caudatus x x
1
0
Common buzzard Buteo buteo x x
1
1
Common hoopoe Upupa epops x x
1 Common Kite Milvus migrans x x

2
1
3
Common Myna Acriiotheres tritis x x
1
4
Common quail Coturnix coturnix x x
1
5
Common Swallow Hirundo rustica x x
1
6
Common Wood
Shrike
Pephrodormis
pondicerianus
x x
1
7
Crested lark Galerida cristata x x x
1
8
Crow pheasant Centropus sinensis x
1
9
Desert lark Ammomanes deserti x x
2
0
Grey partridge Francolinus
pondicerianus
x x
2
1
House crow Corvus splendens x x
2
2
House sparrow Passer domesticus x x
2
3
House swift Epus affinis x x
2
4
Indian courser Cursorius coromandelicus x x
2
5
Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata x x
2
6
Indian roller Coracias bengalensis x x
2
7
Indian Sand Lark Lalandrella raytal x x
2 Indian Tree pie Dendrocitta vagabunda x x

8
2
9
Jungle Babler Turdoides striatus x x
3
0
Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos x x
3
1
Lesser White
Throat
Sylvia Curruca x x
3
2
Long Tailed Shrike Lanius schach x x
3
3
Long Tailed
Warbler
Prunia burnesii x x x
3
4
Plain Coloured
Prinia
Prinia inornata x x
3
5
Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer x
3
6
Red wattled
Lapwing
Vanellus indicus x x
3
7
Richards Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae x x
3
8
Rose ringed
Parakeet
Psittacula krameri x x
3
9
See See partridge Ammoperdix
griseogularis
x x
4
0
Tailor Bird Othotomus sutorius x x
4
1
Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris x x
4
2
White Breasted K.
fisher
Halcyon symrnensis
purpulchara
x x
4
3
White Cheeked
Bulbul
Pycnonotus leucogenys
leucotis
x x
4 White Wag tail Motacilla alba x x

4
4
5
Yellow Eyed Babler Chrysomma sinense x x

Exhibit 4.29: Mammal Species of the Project Area
Occurrence

S.No

Common Name

Scientific name
C
o
m
m
o
n

A
b
u
n
d
a
n
t

L
.

c
o
m
m
o
n

1 Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus x
2 Black Napped Hare Lepus nigricollis x
3 Black Rat or House Rat Rattus rettus x
4 Common Fox Vulpes vulpes x
5 Desert Cat Felis selvestris ornata x
6 House mouse Mus musculus x
7 Indian crested
Porcupine
Hystrix indica x
8 Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis x
9 Indian Gerbil Tatera indica x
10 Indian Hedgehog Paracchinus micropus x
11 Jungle cat Felis chaus x
12 Short-Tailed mole Rat Nesokia indica x
13 Small Indian mongoose Herpetes javanicus x
14 Wild boar Sus sucrofa x


Exhibit 4.30: List of Reptiles in Project Area
Occurrence

S.No

Common Name

Scientific name
C
o
m
m
o
n

A
b
u
n
d
a
n
t

L
.

c
o
m
m
o
n

1 Bark Gecko Hemidactylus
leshenaulti
x
2 Black Cobra Naja naja oxina
3 Brahminy Blind Snake Typhlops braminus
4 Fat Tailed Gecko Eublepharis macularis
5 Indian Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor x
6 Indian Monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis x
7 Spotted Indian House
Gecko
Hemidactylu brooki x
8 Yellow Headed Agama Agama nupta fusa x


Exhibit 4.31: List of Fish found in rivers in Project Area
Occurrence

S.No

Common Name

Scientific name
C
o
m
m
o
n

A
b
u
n
d
a
n
t

L
.

c
o
m
m
o
n

1 Baam Mastacembelus
armatus
x
2 Kagha Rita rita x
8 Rohu Labeo rohita x
3 Thailla Catla catla x
4 Moori Cirrhina mrigala x
5 Malli Walago attu x
6 Sanghary Aorichthys seenghala x


Exhibit 5.4: Water Table and Quality in the Project Area
Chemical Analysis
Sample No. &
Details
Coordinates
Water
table
depth
Oil &
Grease
Mg/L
TDS
ppm
pH
TSS
ppm
Chloride
ppm
Fluoride
ppm
BGF-HP-BWK-01
Village Bahab wala
khooh
071-56-36 E
30-41-51.2 N

25 FT 1 274 7.7 5 39.76 BDL
BGF-WC-JPN-02
Jalal pur Nahar
Village Dibar mir atli

30-43-40 N
071-56-25 E
6 FT 3 128.3 8.3 13 25.56 BDL
BGF-HP-JPN-03
House of Muhammad
Yar Village village Billi
wala

30-43-41.2 N
071-56-27 E
30 FT 1 207 7.8 6 45.44 BDL
BGF-WC-JPN-04
Dap kila canal
Village Shah Wali

30-46-24.4 N
071-56-08 E
5 FT 2 129.5 7.4 3 22.72 BDL
GEL 10EIA07 Description of Physical Environment 5-12

BGF-HP-JPN-05
House of Qaisar
Village Khaki

30-48-46.2 N
071-56-15.7 E
20 FT 1 334.2 8.1 3 51.12 BDL
HP-BGF-06
Bahoo Gas field
Well # 01

30-49-21.2 N
071-55-48.8 E
22 FT 1 222.5 7.7 2 68.16 0.21
BGF-HP-RBC-07
River bed Chenab
river
Community river
crossing point

30-48-25.2-N
071-55-52.3 E
25 FT 1 156 8.2 3 28.4 BDL
BGF-RC-RBC-08
River bed Chenab
river
BAHOO PIPE river
crossing point
30-48-25.2-N

071-55-52.3 E
25 FT

22 FT
1 117.5 7.9 2 45.44 0.20
BGF-HP-PP-09
Village-Qatal pur

30-40-05.5 N
071-57-07.4 E
25 FT 1 167.1 8.1 3 38.04 0.28

BGF-TW-CMW-10
Tubwel
Village Chak Maralian
wala
30-42-05.8 N
071-56-45.1E
100 FT 1 241 8.9 3 42.6 0.02
BGF- HP -JK- 11
Jalal Pur Kamlana

30-44-07.7 N
071-5651.4 E
25 FT 1 168.3 7.6 5 39.76 0.29
BGF- TW -JK- 12
Agriculture Tubwel
Jalal Pur Kamlana

30-44-09.2 N
071-56-58.4 E
90 FT 12 297.5 9.9 10 71.0 BDL

BDL = Below Detectable Limit.
TSS = Total Soluble Solids
TDS = Total Dissolved Solids


Exhibit 5.5: Water Resources / Quality Observation Map of the Project
Area


Exhibit 5.6: Water Resources Inventory in the Project Area
Water Resources Inventory of Villages
Village QATAL, This village is situated 17km in the north west of
BGF. It consists of more than 8,081 people . There is also large
number of animals. Daily requirement of water for drinking
purposes for local population and animal and 100 hectares
irrigation is met from the tube wells installed in the village and by
canal . water contains TDS 439 ppm and found at the depth of
25ft.

Village Asad Abad, it is situated 15 km in the north east of BGF.
Tube wells and minor tributaries meets the need of more than 421
people, large number of animals and irrigates about 200 hectares
of agricultural land here. Water contains TDS 439 ppm and found
at the depth of 25ft.

VillageBahab wala khooh is 13 km in the northeast of BGF. Every
house hold have hand pump which meets all drinking water needs
of more than 210 people here. Quality wise water contains TDS
400 ppm and found at the depth of 25ft.

Chak Marlian In the north east of BGF at about 12 km, BGF tube
well and hand pumps are almost in every house. These tube wells
meet the demand of more than 325 people and 100 of animal
heads. The quality of water is TDS 320 ppm and found at the
depth of 20ft .
Jalal pur situated 10 km in the north west of BGF. Many tube wells
and hand pumps are installed here with quality TDS 740 ppm
meets the demand of 6,893 people and large number of goats, as
well as it irrigates 1500 hectares of land.
Adjacent to village Jalal pur 2 Km in the west Bili village is
existing where many tube wells owned by community meet 49
people and hundreds of animals, need of drinking water. Its
quality is very good i.e. TDS 400 ppm. The water table depth is
25ft.
Khaki village situated 7 km in the north of BGF . There are many
tube wells installed . These tube wells irrigate 2000 hectares of
agricultural land, besides providing drinking water to 5453 people
and thousand of animals. The water quality is TDS 2000 ppm and
water table depth is 95 ft.
Shah wali village is 6.5Km in the north west of BGF There are

many diesel operated tube wells, 6 to 8 km in the north of at
small basties ,Manzoor wala, wasti wala , Bhuhat wala Kot wala
,where 2 to 5 household settlements were existing which were
using hand pumps and canal water respectively. They meet the
requirement of drinking water of 550 people, thousand of animals
and besides irrigate 2000 hectares of land. The water table depth
ranges from 25 to 60 ft.
In the extreme north of BGF, near the edge of project area and the west
bank of Chanab river, there is High Recharge Zone . This zone
comprises gas field of Bahu, where five hand pumps have been installed
which meet daily requirement of drinking water of 150 people who
crosses river Chanab for approaching to sub division Ahmed Sial and
many animals. The depth of water table is 25 ft and quality of water is
TDS 330 ppm.

Exhibit 5.7: Groundwater Uses and Losses
Description Numbers Per head
Consumption
(L/d)
Total annual
Consumption
(m
3
y
-1
)
Humans 22249 40 8.8 X 10
5

Goats 84940 5 4.2 X 10
7

Cattles 15103 45 7.9 X 10
6

Donkeys 747 15 4.08 X 10
3

Camels - - -
Wild
animal(Dogs)
90 5 1.6 X 10
2

Total 9.31
X 10
7


Exhibit 5.8: PP and NP GGS in Project Area

Exhibit 5.9: Gathering Data with OGDCL official in Project Area

Exhibit 5.10: Well No. 3 in Project Area

Exhibit 5.11: Punj Pir Gas Gathering Station in Project Area


Exhibit 5.12: Rain Water Pond in Project Area

Exhibit 5.13: Rain Water Collected in Project Area


Exhibit 5.14: Community Hand Pump in Project Area

Exhibit 5.15: Community Crossing the Chenab River in Project Area


Exhibit 5.16: Chanab River Stream Crossing Point Proposed Gas
Transmission in Project Area

Exhibit 5.17: Water Depth observation of Jalal Pur Nahar


Exhibit 5.18: Women washing the Cloth from Dap Kila Canal in Project
Area

Exhibit 5.19: Water Depth observation of Dap Kila Canal


Exhibit 5.20: Soil Investigation bore hole

Exhibit 5.21: Animals sharing the water resources


CHAPTER - 6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The primary aim of gas transmission pipeline from Bahu gas field to Pungpir
gas gathering station project is to create an adequate gas transmission facility.
This will help in achieving targets fixed in the industrial, agricultural and socio-
economic sectors of the national economy. Basically the project is an attempt
to address developmental needs of the far-flung rural areas. Concentration of
developmental activities in big cities has created various socio-economic
problems, due to population migration from rural areas to large urban centers,
where civic amenities are already over-taxed. The strengthening and
expansion of existing gas transmission network will result in increased
employment opportunities, better health facilities and enhancement of physical
and social development of the project area.
6.1 PROJECT SPATIAL LOCATION
Project area falls in three subdivisions, Ahmad pur sial, Shorkot and Kabirwala
of two districts, district Khanewal and district Jhang. Gas transmission pipe line
starts from Bahu gas field (12 km away from the newly formed Tehsil
Ahmedpur sail of district Jhang to Pungpir gas field (Kabir wala subdivision of
district khanewal).
6.2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
The objective of this section is to describe the socio-economic and
infrastructural position of the study area and to identify the potential impacts
of the Bahu Gas Field on its inhabitants. The field team consisted of a Socio-
economic specialist and a Gender expert, who carried out the study. The
approach and methodology during data gathering was a combination of
qualitative and quantitative data gathering techniques. The data collection
addresses the primary requirements of an Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA), incorporating the Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997
and International best practices.
The collection of baseline data on socio-economic environment involved the
studying of available documents and field surveys for socio-economic status at
sites of project areas. Field surveys were conducted in terms of households
status, occupations and income and cultural environment of the project area.
For this purpose participatory rural appraisal PRA technique was used and
scoping sessions were held. This technique was combined with the extensive
qualitative data collection of socio-economic and cultural data. It was done
through short structured questionnaires and focus group interviews with
communities including man and key male informants of the 9 key villages in
the project area. The relevant and accurate information about socioeconomic
aspects was obtained with great efficiency in terms of time and village
coverage by rapid cycles of interaction among team members, primary and
GEL 10EIA07 Socio-Economic & Cultural Environment 6-1

secondary stakeholders like owners of houses, as well as teachers, Numberdar,
UC members, old wise men of villages, shopkeepers and religious community
leaders.
The specific tools used for collection of data included, Direct Observation,
Short Questionnaire, Focus Groups and Semi-structured Interviews. The basic
scope of the socio-economic and socio-cultural study in the project area was to
synthesize relevant demographic, social, and economic data and to explain its
relevance in general and environmental restoration, to the resource
management.
6.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND SOCIAL SET-UP
The route of Gas pipe line and the sites of proposed Gas gathering station are
located in two districts, Jang and Khanewal under jurisdiction of the Punjab
province. Union Council, under Local Government Ordinance 2001, is the
lowest tier of local government. Depending upon population, villages/ are
grouped into a Union Council (UC). The UCs are constituted by the members
of public representatives elected by a popular vote. The next higher tiers of the
local government are Tehsil Council and District Council. The district
administration is run by a District Nazim elected by Union Council members.
Social and physical infrastructure of a district is managed by District Nazim.
District Coordination Officer (DCO) is the highest ranking administrative
functionary of the government in a district. The two districts are composed of a
total of 9 Tehsils.
In rural areas and small human settlements people like to live together with
feelings of community cohesion and optimal interaction due to cultural, social
and religious beliefs. Caste system in various ethnic groups is strong. Basic
amenities of daily life like water supply, electricity, dispensaries, schools, roads
are slowly expanding.
6.4 CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM
Petty disputes are resolved in Panchayat (informal village council). The
Numbardar who is appointed by the government helps in revenue collection.
The Nazim and Union Council Members together conduct proceedings of the
Panchayat for resolution of conflicts at village level.
6.5 ENTRY AND EXIT POINTS
The entire part of the project area is situated in two District namely Shorkot
subdivision of Jhang district and Kabirwala sub division of Khanewal district.
The main entry road into the project area is Kabirwala Jhang, Road. After
passing (5 km) from Aslam Kot, the road turns left and then goes 15 Km along
with the Koranga distributary. After passing15 km, the Punjpir d/h Plant is
situated. From this point metalled road leads to the project area. This route is
also being used by the entire population located around it.


6.6 DEMOGRAPHICS AND WELL BEING INDICATORS
6.6.1 Demographics
The study areas vicinity consists of the following nine villages in which impacts
of the project are anticipated.
Each village in the vicinity of the study area is considered as unit of analysis to
have a glimpse of the socio economic status of the dwellers of project area. In
this regard, following data was collected:
Total population, households average in project area;
Peoples occupational activities;
Educational, Institutional, Civic and Health Care Facilities available
to them;
Villages social structure;
Existence of NGO for social welfare of the locals;
Socio-economic conditions of the women;
Need Assessment of communities the project area.
6.7 POPULATION SIZE & HOUSEHOLDS OF PROJECT AREA

0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Popul ati on
Asadabad Beli wala
Vi l l ages
Project Area Population
Households
population
Average
The population of villages in the project areas has been obtained. In all there
are 9 settlements with a population of 22,249 people living in 3,593
households.
The average number of persons per household is 6.19 which is less than the
average household size of Punjab. The population distribution is given in
Exhibit 6.1.

Exhibit 6.1: Population Distribution in Project Area
Name of
village
Households population Average
Asadabad 70 421 6
Qatal pur 1303 8081 6.2
Bahab wala 30 210 7
Chak
Maralian
wala
50 325 6.5
Jalalpur
Kamlana
1112 6893 6.2
Beli wala 7 49 7
Khakhi
Lakhi
894 5453 6.1
Shah Wali 17 102 6
Dhalna
Kamlana
110 715 6.5
Total 3593 22249 6.19

Source: DCR of Jhang and Khanewal 1998 Population Census organization,
Statistics Division, Islamabad.

6.8 NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION
It was pointed out by the inhabitants that Shorkot, is the only place, where
they regularly go to fulfill their basic needs as it is only 15 to 20 km away from
the project area. However small number of shops is available in the project
area which caters to the day to day needs of the communities.
Transportation facilities are also common in the project area. In case of any
emergency at night special arrangement can be made but at heavy
transportation charges. Mostly roads are metalled.


6.9 LEADERSHIP DYNAMICS
Union Council, under the Punjab Local Government Ordinance PLGO 2001, is
the lowest tier of local government. Depending upon population, villages/
urban settlements are grouped into a Union Council (UC). The UCs are formed
by public representatives elected by a popular vote. The next higher tiers of
local government are Tehsil Council and District Council. The district
administration is run by District Nazim elected by Union Council members.
Social and physical infrastructure of a district is managed by the District Nazim
through District Government Officers. District Coordination Officer (DCO) is the
highest ranking administrative functionary of the government in a district. In
rural areas and small human settlements people like to live together with
feelings of community cohesion and optimal interaction due to cultural, social
and religious beliefs. Caste system in various ethnic groups is strong; Kamlana
is the dominant caste in the project area.
6.10 CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM
Petty disputes are resolved in Panchayat (informal village council). The
Numbardar who is appointed by the government to help in revenue collection,
Nazim and Union Council Member together conduct proceedings of the
Panchayat for resolution of conflicts at village level. Sometime people have to
go to the Police department to resolve complex disputes. Mostly disputes are
land related .The tendency of theft of animals is common.
6.11 SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP
Almost in all the project areas, people do pay respect to their religious leaders.
Elder men use mosques five times a day to offer their prayers. There is one
shrine of Peer in Jalalpur, Kamlana village of project area. It is named after
Khawaja Mian Ullah Yar and was constructed in 1941. He is a spiritual node in
the project area. People come to visit his shrine from different parts of country
for fulfilling some of their wishes.
6.12 FACILITIES PROFILING AND ASSESSMENT
The lack of basic facilities such as schools and health centers is an indicator of
poverty in these areas. Having little amounts of food, clothes and "no doors" in
houses were also seen as indicators of the poverty of individuals or households
living in these poorest sites. In most of the areas there is no government
health facility. Also very few sanitation facilities are available and the drainage
system is poor. Electricity is available in villages but supply of gas is not
smooth. The main source of livelihood for men is arming, agricultural labor,
labor in other cities and teaching. Women do labor on farms and embroidery.


6.13 LIVELIHOOD AND WELL BEING
Most of the rural areas of the project site were surveyed. Land and forests are
the most important natural capital or asset for peoples livelihood. Although
only a quarter of the population owns land, they place great importance on it
for their livelihood as it provides employment to them. The lack of land
ownership and insecurity of tenure increases vulnerability. With no secure land
tenure, even the better-off can fall into poverty.
The importance of rain for livestock, crops, trees and forests is recognized by
the local people. The lack of it causes severe problems for the livelihood of
poor people.
Agriculture and livestock are the two main occupations of the people living in
the study areas. The main sources of livelihood are farming (gram, fodder and
wheat), keeping livestock, daily wage labor, and shop keeping.
Most of the rural people in the study areas are Tenants and marginalized
farmers. They are engaged in subsistence agriculture, where their basic
concern is survival and getting ahead of life with farming. This is why the
dimensions of their farms are (most often) more or less then five acres / farm,
and they usually grow multiple crops (wheat is the main crop of the area )
associated to their basic needs of food. This shows that agriculture for farmers
is a way of life rather than just an economic activity. All the project area is
irrigated with canal whereas some people have installed tube wells for
irrigation purposes. The livelihood of most of the population also depends upon
livestock rising. Livestock is the backbone of rural people as it provides milk
and milk products also poultry meat. The production of all kinds of livestock is
too low to meet the expanding demands of people. To satisfy other needs
(education, health, clothes) farmers have to do labor.
6.14 HEALTH FACILITIES AND ACCESS
The availability of health facilities in terms of hospitals, health clinics, and
dispensaries is not satisfactory in villages, rather non-existent in the project
area. There are only 2 dispensaries in 9 villages. The Govt. does not provide
any health facility to each village of the project area. There is no trained lady
health visitor in the area and local mainly relay on the Tehsil Hospital Shorkot.
The details of health facility are provided in Exhibit 6.2.



Exhibit 6.2: Health Facilities Available in Surveyed Villages
Health Facilities No. of
Facilities
No. of
Villages
%
Yes 2 22 RHU/RHC/
Dispensary
No - 7 78
Total 9 100
Yes 2 22 Doctor/Hakeem
No - 7 78
Total 9 100
Yes 2 22 TBA
No - 7 78
Total 9 100

Exhibit 6.2 is evident that there are adverse situations in terms of health
facilities in the project area. BHU/RHC/hospital/dispensaries are to some
extent none existent and as far as TBA is concerned, this facility is not even
being provided to the inhabitants of the areas.
In case of health emergency people have to travel upto 18km, to seek medical
help from Shorkot Sub division. Here, the services of qualified medical officers
are available. At times this takes a heavy toll on their energy, time, and
meager resources. It is important to mention that basic health facilities are not
available in most of the project area.
6.15 WATER SUPPLY/DRAINAGE AND SANITATION
All the project vicinity area is being fed by canal water and tube wells. Mostly
people depend on ground water and hand pumps. In Qatal pur, they have the
facility of water supply to the project area. Sanitation services in terms of
sewerage system, waste water treatment, drainage and sold waste
management do not exist in the surveyed villages. Therefore, project areas are
characterized by inadequate sanitation conditions.
6.16 EDUCATION FACILITIES
Education is the most important sector in development of humankind. But
unfortunately in most of the surveyed villages, these facilities are only up to
primary level or none existent. The buildings of these schools are substandard.
Teachers are not present in some cases. The attitude of people toward female


education is not bad but there are only 2 middle schools for girls in the project
area. The following table shows a stark difference between the number of
Primary Schools (4 Schools) and high school (1 School). This sudden decrease
is reflected in high rate of illiteracy. No Society can hope to reduce poverty
without improving the educational levels of its poor population. Exhibit 6.3
shows the educational facility in the villages. The total numbers of schools is
insignificant, and at the primary level gender disparity in access to educational
facilities exist.

Exhibit 6.3: Educational Facilities in the Project Area
Number of Schools
Primary Middle High
Area
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Asadabad 1 - - - -
Qatal pur 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bahab wala - - - - - -
Chak
Maralian
wala
- - - - - -
Jalalpur
Kamlana
- 1 - - - -
Beli wala - - - - - -
Khakhi Lakhi 1 1 - - - -
Shah Wali - - - - - -
Dhalna
Kamlana
1 - - - - -
Total 4 3 1 1 1 1



6.17 CIVIC FACILITIES
The infrastructure of roads is in suitable condition in the project area. Roads
are mettled but only in the River bed area it is not metalled. Streets are
unpaved in all the project area.
6.18 ELECTRICITY AND TELEPHONE
The facility of electricity is available in 6 villages out of 9 i.e. 67% in the
project area. As far as the telephone facility is concerned, it is non-existent in
most of the villages with the exception of Qatalpur. However bank facility is
available in Qatalpur village. Almost every basic facility is available in this
village because of strong political leadership (ex- MNA Syed Fakhr-Amam).
6.19 HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE
6.19.1 Housing Profile
The quality of the produced capital available to inhabitants determines the
livelihood potential of a site. The poor people of project areas live in small
dwellings. These houses are katcha (mud) one-room houses or, at best, a mix
of katcha and pucca (solid) houses. However it was observed that some
houses were made of bricks or cement but still they were small and congested.
Through discussion from local people it was recorded that in many instances,
houses are not owned by the occupants.
The people generally live in katcha houses made of mud 70%, remaining 30 %
have semi pacca and pacca houses (as seen in the Picture below). The roofs
are generally made from wood/bamboo, used as construction material for roofs
of the buildings. Very few i.e. only 9% of the housing units use cement or iron
sheets. In most of the villages through out the project areas the houses lay
scattered. Generally the houses consist of two or three rooms. No latrines are
constructed in the houses; people usually go out in the open air to satisfy the
natures call.



6.20 TRANSPORTATION MEANS AND ACCESS
Transportation has strong impact on price determination. Food prices seem to
be directly linked with the cost of transportation. Whenever there is increase in
price of fuel, prices of food items change in Pakistan. This is one of the major
sources of inflation for food items. District Khanewal and District Jhang, mainly
import wheat, fruit, vegetables, vegetable oil etc. from other districts.
Therefore the prices of food items imported are comparatively higher in district
Khanewal and district Jhang.
Local public transport is available in all of the project area. There are privately
owned Toyota vans and mini buses catering to the needs of the people in the
project area. However, for local travel people use various non mechanical
modes as seen in Exhibit 6.4 and 6.5.

Exhibit 6.4 -6.5: Bull cart common and Donkey Ride some modes of
transportation

6.21 ROADS
In Pakistan, it is estimated that poorly maintained roads are raising transport
costs by 30-40 percent. The distances between villages and marketing and
transportation points would not pose a problem if roads are adequate. But the
poor state of rural road network severely inhibits the timely transportation of
inputs and outputs (Qureshi, 2002). Such constraints are particularly
important as Pakistan seeks to improve its position in the high value foods
sector - such food often being perishable fruits and vegetables (World Bank,
1994). In project area condition of roads is not satisfactory.
6.22 CASTE SYSTEM
Access to assets and the pursuit of livelihoods are strongly determined by
social factors, particularly caste and gender differences. The major castes in
these areas are Kamlana, Bhorwana Syed, Sials, and Balouch. Some minor


castes like Lahor, Machi, Muchi and Kammis are also present in the project
area. Syed is given greater respect in the project area. There is one shrine of a
saint which is named after Khawaja Mian Allah Yar. He is a spiritual node in the
project area. People come to his shrine from different parts of country for the
fulfillment of some wishes.
The poor and people of low castes (i.e. Lahor, Machi ,Muchi, Kammis) are
practically excluded from almost all decision-making, social interaction at
marriages, deaths and social gatherings and access to education, health and
other facilities provided by the government or the private sector.
6.23 WOMENS CONDITION
6.23.1 Women's rights
Women are very vocal in all these areas due to their perception of their rights
and entitlements. According to a group of women in Asadabad, Women do not
have the right to a marriage of their own choice, education, employment, free
movement, or to have good decent clothes. We have no right to sing and
dance at marriages.
6.23.2 Daily Routine of women
Gender inequalities in access to healthcare, education, decision-making,
inheritance rights, food, and freedom of expression, freedom of mobility and
choice of spouse are common to all sites. There is also a feeling of
helplessness among women who are contributing to household well-being.
Participation of women in almost all on farm activities with the exception of
land preparation is common in the project area, even through their presence is
not visible.
As family labor, women activily participate in manuring, weeding, harvesting,
picking of cobs.
Women provide over 50% of the total labor used in farming activities. They are
frequently responsible for collection of firewood for cooking and heating as well
as collecting fodder and water for livestock and supplies. Womens status and
living standard are below the national average. Several factors help to explain
the low social indicators for women.
Heavy work load;
Lack of apparent Govt. interest in social services in this area;
Economic, cultural and religious factors operating at the villages and
family level.
In addition women lack freedom to move outside the village, early marriage of
girls and high illiteracy rate of girls and women are the major reasons for
adverse condition of women in the project area. The changing roles of women
is explained through gender profiling and perception (Exhibit 6.8)



Exhibit 6.6: Women washing clothes near bank of the lake

Exhibit 6.7: Woman preparing flour to make bread for home



Exhibit 6.8: Perceptions of rural women in project area about changing
gender roles and responsibilities
0-10
Each
1970-1980

1980 -1990 1990-2000
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Agriculture ####
####
## ####
####

## ####
####
##
Household
work
_ ####
####
_ ####
####
_ ####
####
Caring of
livestock
####
####
## ####
####
## ####
####
##
Relations
formalities

####

####

####

####

####

####
Carpet
weaving
_ _ _ #### _ ####
Taking
children to
hospital

####

####

####
####

####

####

####
Fuel #### #### #### #### #### ####
Making
dung cakes
_ ####
####
_ ####
####
_ ####
####
Sewing
and
embroider
y
####
####
####
####
####
####
Earning
money
#### #### #### #### #### ####



6.23.3 Dress as a Gendered Identity
Women wear simple dress which consists of a shirt and shalwar. On festive
occasions they wear bright printed clothes of silken material in rural areas. A
Dopatta is an essential article of the female dress. In winter clothes are made
of heavier materials.

Exhibit 6.9: Gender Identity and Commodity

Exhibit 6.10: Elder Women Dress in the Area



6.24 FOOD HABITS AND RITUALS
There is considerable variation in the standard of diet between the poor and
the rich classes of people in these villages as well as other towns of Pakistan.
People in towns usually have a richer diet consisting of wheat chappatis, rice,
pulses, vegetable, meat and occasionally some sweet dish or fruit.
However in the project area the staple diet is baked wheat chappatis and
pulses (Dal) cooked with salt and pepper and occasionally meat. Rice is boiled
in water or cooked in meat is taken mainly by a higher class of people. Bajra
or maize is eaten when wheat is scarce. Rice based food is usually served on
marriage feasts and on festivals.
6.25 WOMEN ROLE IN DECISION MAKING
Women in project area are not allowed to contribute in any discussion,
whatever the subject matter, and men just impose their decisions upon
women. Men consider it adequate to inform women of the decisions made.
However at the time of engagement of their children, womens opinion are
given weight age.
6.26 WOMEN ROLE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Rural women constitute the invisible work force which keeps the families and
rural economy alive, but they and their labor often go under rewarded. They
participate in all operations related to crop production such as sowing,
transplanting, weeding and harvesting as well as storage. Rural women in the
project area carryout these tasks in addition to their normal domestic work
such as cooking, taking care of children etc.

Exhibit 6.11: Inside View of House and Women Work on Embroidery



6.27 EDUCATION AND HEALTH FACILITIES
Womens condition in the project area is that of the underdeveloped part of the
society. This shows worse condition of education for the girls. There are only
primary schools in almost all the project areas but in some cases teachers are
not there. The reproductive health facilities are non existent for women in the
project area. In case of emergency, they have to travel long distance to avail
the health facilities from the Jand subdivision.
6.28 NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS)- CIVIL
SOCIETY
Only a single non governmental organization exists in Qatalpur village which is
established by the Punjab Rural Support Program. There is no awareness about
this kind of organization in the project area.
6.29 RITUALS
Across the project area , local people come together on occasions of marriage,
death, aqeeqa to celebrate the birth of a male child, Eids and other religious
occasions (e.g. salatan tasbeeh, urs, shab-e-barat, eid-emiladunnabi).
During the discussion of marriages local women shared that over the last
decade there is a growing trend of extravagant dowries. It has also become
common even in areas where it is not a traditional practice and has placed
increasing strain on the household resources. The results include delayed
marriages, tension within households and indebtedness of families when they
borrow to cover dowry and marriage costs.
6.30 COPPING STRATEGY AND VULNERABILITY
Due to natural and social disaster people in project area are vulnerable. They
use different methods to struggle in stress period, which are shown in
following diagram in Exhibit 6.12




Exhibit 6.12: Coping Strategies during Stress Period

How people in project
area struggle in their
stress period

Out
migration
Sell
livestock
Search
labor work
or go to
cities
Work as
bounded
labors
Women
utilized their
hand skill
Utilized stored
grain
Establish
alternate
business
Take loans
from relatives
Borrow goods from
shopkeepers

Reference:
Ahmed, S., Qureshi, A.S., Amarasinghe, U., and Khan, A.R., 2002. Projecting
Food and Water Demands of Pakistan for 2025 Using Policy Dialogue Model.
Work Shop Proceedings Vol: 2, Second South Asia Water Form, 14-16
December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan.

CHAPTER 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

This section highlights the following information: (a) purpose of
consultation (b) objectives of public consultation (c) consultation
timeframe (d) process of consultation (e) findings from the public
consultation process.
7.1 PURPOSE OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION
The context of consultation is to influence the outcomes for better or
worse. It also determines to some extent which consultation processes
will be effective. It is not enough to pay attention to the immediate issues
and the stakeholders who are affected. The aim, scope, the intended time
span and history, all have an important influence on consultation.
Sometimes the purpose is to gather information and no more than that.
If so, the use of a low key method of accessing a well-chosen sample may
be adequate. In general, a maximum diversity sample may work
best. This comprehensive methodology guided the public consultation
approach and methodology for this EIA.
Participation is a process through which stakeholders influence and share
control over development initiatives and the decisions and resources
which affects them.
7.2 OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION
The main objective of the public consultation process conducted in the
Bahu gas field, was to disseminate information about the project to the
communities and its expected impact among the primary stakeholders.
Another important objective of public consultation was to determine the
extent of the impact of different project activities on the environment.
Also to suggest appropriate mitigation measures in the design and EMP of
this EIA. The specific objectives of the process were as follows:

To inform and acquire feedback from primary stakeholders
on project activities;
To gain consent of all the primary stakeholders for carrying
out project activities;
To identify potential issues and mitigation measures;
To incorporate community and stakeholders concerns in the
project documents (EMP);
To increase public participation for the project thus making
its implementation easier;
GEL 10EIA07 Public Consultation 7-1


To obtain input, information and feedback from local people
affected by the proposed project;
To acquire substantive information from local people
including male, female of all ages and their expectation from
the project;
To provide opportunity and confidence to local people that
their views will be heard, without biases.

7.3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
The general public consultation process was based on a three-stage
process. It incorporated both informal and formal procedures (See
Exhibit 7.2). In the first stage, the consultant initiated the action i.e.
preparation of formal public consultation document soliciting public
comment. In the second stage within a specific timeframe public
consultation document was finalized. This was followed by actual field
survey and information was collected, recorded and later transcribed. In
addition to the formal way of gathering data, the consultant used informal
consultations as well, such as public hearings, to gather additional
information or to clarify information that was received. In the last stage,
the consultants analyzed the data and published a final report.
During the consultation period the consultants had the flexibility to use
other informal means of gathering additional information or clarifying the
overall project and its outcomes. These included meetings in and outsides
homes, farms, shops and visits to representative groups. A common
informal consultation procedure was also adopted which included the
public hearing, which is open to all interested parties so that they may
express their views in person.
Before holding a public hearing, the consultants also developed survey
questions to be asked from primary stakeholders of the villages. The
language of these questions was made easy and understandable. In order
to enhance transparency of the consultation procedure public hearings
were recorded and later transcribed. During discussion and meetings
sometimes consultants used local languages to ensure active participation
of the local people. Thus, public consultation was intended to involve the
local public and facilitate the exchange of views.
After discussions with the village elders and community members it was
decided to conduct public consultation meetings with all major
communities including the major castes such as: Kamlana, Bhorwana
Syed, Sials, and Balouch and some minor castes like Lahor, Machi Muchi
and Kammis. In addition to this the local social and political leadership
was also consulted. Exhibit 7.1 provides a list of villages where Public
Consultations were held with the primary stakeholders. During these
meetings a simple, non-technical description of the project was given,
along with an overview of the projects likely human and environmental


impact. Following the project description, a discussion was held so that
the participants could share their concerns and opinions. These concerns
and suggestions were recorded in field notes.

Exhibit 7.1: Public Consultation Nodes and Dates
Name of Village Node of Consultation Date of consultation
Asadabad Syed Zawar Shah 24-6-07
Qatal Pur Roostam Ali 24-6-07
Bahab Wala Rafiq 23-6-07
Jalalpur Kamlana Mian Muhammad Arif 24-06-07
Bella wala Syed Talab Shah 24-06-07
Khakhi Lakhi Muhammad Nawaz 23-6-07
Shah Wali Zahoor Hussain 23-6-07
Dhalna Kamlana Allah Ditta 23-6-07

7.4 CONSULTATION PROCESS AND MEETINGS WITH
WOMEN
In each village female consultants arranged meetings with women of all
ages in separate rooms. Local males were discouraged to attend these
meetings. Meetings were conducted in Urdu, Punjabi languages and these
meetings were recorded. Project description was given out in detail yet
explained in simple language. During these meetings Gender related
questions were asked in an informal manner. Women were encouraged to
ask questions and to share their concerns related to the project, which
were carefully noted down. Consultants got oral permission (obtained
consent of the) from local males to take photographs and record their
discussions. Consultants also visited homes to meet those women who
could not attend the meetings at their doors.
7.5 PARTICIPATORY CONSULTATION FRAMEWORK
The procedure and frame work for public hearings is summarized as
follows and shown in Exhibit 7.2.



In each village the discussion time lasted a maximum of one to two
hours;
Before starting the meetings and discussion surveys, consultants
provided a detailed description of the project, it activities and future
outcomes. Consultants made sure that the language was easy,
understandable and according to the level of local people;
Consultants went out to visit primary stakeholders, government and
private institutions in the project area, to gather first hand and
reliable information;
The Primary stakeholders of all nine villages were given maximum
opportunity to share their concerns, their expectations and
suggestions about the project;
For informal consultation with males and females of the project
area, the consultants managed to have public gatherings in and out
side the homes of the people. They also conducted sessions under a
tree or in a farm;
The consultants had the right to preserve the orderly development
of the discussion and to interrupt a participant if the commentary
was not related to the topic of discussion;
The public meetings were recorded and transcribed. The
photographs were also taken;
The public meetings were concluded once all community
participants had spoken or the scheduled time expired.



Exhibit 7.2: Consultation Process Framework

Supplementary
consultation discussion,
surveys, etc (as
necessary)
Actually going into
the field using
public consultation
documents
Finalization of public
consultation
document within
specific timeframe
Initiate action or
preparation of
public consultation
Information collected
using formal and
informal methods,
recorded and later
transcribed
Evaluation of data and
publication of report in EIA as
Chapter 7 as per EPA Guidelines

Prepared project description
Document were sent to project
consultant to comment by
OGDCL with the help of GEMS
(as necessary)


7.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION OUTCOME
The public consultation meetings were arranged in and outside the home,
under tree shadow, and in the farms and were presided by village elder of
the respective village.
The views of the participants of the meetings are summarized below
Exhibit 7.3:
Exhibit 7.3: Summary of Communities Concern and Their Responses
Concern Raised Category of
Impact
Response from OGDCL
(Proponent)
In general, the
participants approved
of the project
wholeheartedly and
were of the opinion
that the area will be
benefited from the
transmission line
construction activities
on account of local
employment,
community
development projects
and compensation of
lands and crops.
Social
and
economic
Compensation for land and
crops will be provided after
verification of the property
rights.
Community development
project will be initiated as
per community needs and
concession agreement.

Fear about
compensation
approach
Social
and
livelihood

negative
Compensation on time and
in transparent process.
The participants
emphasized the need
to ensure the
appointment of locals
in all non-technical
and support services
through a transparent
process. They also
suggested that people
from the nearby
villages who have the
land rights may be
given priority. All the
Livelihood
positive
Locals will be appointed for
all non skilled and semi
skilled jobs in a transparent
manner. The communities
living near the gas pipe line
route will have the first
right of employment with
the company.


Impact
Response from OGDCL
(Proponent)
salary payment should
be done directly to
them. The
employment should
be regular and not for
the short term.
The participants
including women,
emphasized on an
urgent need for the
establishment of a
health facility. They
also asked for a
maternity health care
center and an
ambulance service as
provided by the
previous proponent of
the facility.
Health
concerns
social
impact
Health facility will be
established in Nand Pur
Gas Field with Rs. 40,000
for medicine and lady
doctor.
Women Participants
raised the issue of
Girls Education in the
area as the Secondary
school is too far off.
Gender Sum of Rs. 0.5 Million is set
aside for Bagar Sargana
Public School
They also requested
for toilets construction
for women in villages
near the seismic line
survey as women will
not be able to go to a
place where they use
to go due to the
presence of project
staff in the area.
Gender
concern
privacy
and
communit
y
developm
ent
VIP pit latrines will be
constructed at identified
places where women are
potentially subject to
expose to the survey team
The villagers
suggested that there
should be a grievance
process established,
so they can regularly
contact officials and
address any social
and cultural issues.
Social
Conflict
Grievance system will be in
place and registers will be
placed at prominent places.
Each month community
development /relationship
officer along with a women
will visit communities and
hold focus group


Impact
Response from OGDCL
(Proponent)
They agreed that
social complaint
register and
continuous contact by
the senior project
staff will address all
the complaints.
discussions to register and
address community
grievances.

7.6.1 Gender Concerns
The project was welcomed by the women. They were of the opinion that
these types of activities are beneficial for their area. They agreed and
welcomed the project. They stressed upon the need to work for the
development of the local area. And especially emphasized upon the need
to increase the health facilities of the project area. However they
demanded a maximum allocation of employment generated by project
related activities among the local population. The Public Consultation
Photographs are shown in Exhibit 7.4 7.10.

Exhibit 7.4: Consultation meeting being held with the farmers



Exhibit 7.5: Village males being consulted out side their homes, under a
shady tree

Exhibit 7.6: Data being gathered from each village home



Exhibit 7.7: Consultation process with a group of people

Exhibit 7.8: Milk man and his male family members being consulted
about the project




Exhibit 7.9: Village Notable in the Area

Exhibit 7.10: Consultation with spiritual leader of the village


GEL 10EIA07 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 8-8.1-1
Chapter - 8 Impact Assessment and Mitigation
Measures

The potential impacts of the proposed the gas transmission line in the
project area and on the area's geomorphology, water resources, air
quality, biological resources, socio-cultural environment and gender and
archeological aspect have been considered in this section. Exhibit 8.1
provides Impact Significance Matrix. The potential impacts and mitigation
measures are given as a matrix in Exhibit 8.2 of this section. Based on
the identified potential impacts, mitigation measures have been outlined.
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which provides the
implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures identified in this
EIA.
The potential impacts related to the proposed project have been identified
through professional judgement, experience, process understanding, and
field observations. Impact significance has been assessed using a Risk
Assessment Approach based on the severity and likelihood of the potential
impact (Exhibit 8.1). Mitigation measures have been proposed within the
domain of regulatory requirements and industry guidelines.
A summary of the impact significance is provided as under, in Exhibit
8.1. Here the impacts have been categorised as Low, Medium or High.
None of the impacts fall within the High significance category. Low
significance impacts are those that have either low severity or low
likelihood of occurrence and can be controlled by standard mitigation
practices. Medium significance impacts would need close attention and
special mitigation and monitoring.


Exhibit 8.1: Impact Significance Matrix
Significance
No. Potential Impact
Low Medium High
1 Landform and soils
2 Air quality
3 Noise
4 Water abstraction
5 Wastewater disposal
6 Solid waste disposal
7 Chemical and oil handling and storage
8 Flora and fauna general
9 Flora and fauna protected species
10 Flora and fauna Chenab Fish
11 Socio-economic positive impacts
12 Land use and land acquisition
13 Environmental quality and nuisance
14 Social services and utilities
15 Traffic congestion and road safety
16 Cultural environment

8.1 Impact Assessment Matrix
Matrices are the most commonly used methods of impact identification in
EIAs. Exhibit 8.1 A presents the impact assessment matrix for the
project area.


Exhibit 8.1 A: Impact Assessment Matrix
Project Action
Construction Operation
Environmental
Component
Utilities Buildings
Right
of
Way
Utilities Buildings
Right
of
Way
Soil and Geology
Flora
Fauna
Air Quality
Water Quality
Population
Density

Employment
Traffic
Community
Structure

Gender
Water Plate form
in the River with
allied structures


GEL 10EIA07 Environmental Management Plan 9-2
Exhibit 9.1: Environmental Management Plan
No.
Project
Component or
Impact
Action Responsibility Timing
1. Landform and soil
contamination
1.1 Unnecessary dust generated during travel of machinery/ camp site
and pipe line contruction and laying will be avoided by sprinkling
water at regular intervals along the site of gas transmisson line I,
residential camp corridor central facility in the impact corridor.
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC

1.2 Ensure earthworks will be limited to within the demarcated
residential camp area and 50 m corridor of gas transmission line.
The soil contamination from the river bed is avoided for
construction of water plant form and dykes is avoided.
Unnecessary land uptake and clearing outside of the residential
camp and along the gas pipe line route will be avoided

Contractor DC
1.3 Ensure that the land prepration for the gas transmission line and
waste water pipe line corridor will be set such that cut and fill
operations are minimised and excavations used are minimal.
Enusre land prepration for under water river bed work for dykes
does not contaminate and minimise the excation and bed material
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
1.4 Ensure that all excavated material is confined within a work
corridor.
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
1,5 All contamination will be stored indoor and properly dispose off.

Contractor,OGDCL DC
1.6 Ensure that lubricants, fuels will be properly stored with
impervious lining.
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
Deleted: Pipeline
Formatted: J ustified
Formatted: Font: Not Italic
Deleted:
Deleted: residential

No.
Project
Component or
Impact
1.7 Ensure washing of all vehicle in the designated area.

Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
1.8 Ensure that appropriate residential of storm water drainage and
culverts along the site facilities and gas trasnmission pipe line and
waste water pipe route.
Contractor ,
OGDCL
DC
1.9 Ensure restoration of residential site and gas transmission lines
and its access track to its orginal location.
Ensure Restoration of water shoreline and contruction corridor
along the river Ravi
Contractor ,
OGDCL
AC
2. Water resources 2.1 Efficient and low water consumption technology will be selected
for the residential and camp use .
OGDCL DC
2.2 Ensure that the use of water obtained from the designated surface
water resource or high recharge ground water resource / or
community well is done after the payement of water compensation
/ permission of Irrigation department of Punjab.
Contractor
OGDCL
DC
2.3 Ensure that sewage will be disposed off into septic system
comprising of septic tanks and soak pits. Ensure the Waste Water
collected from the Well Heads is carried safetly away from the
sensitive water ecology and dispose off in the evaporation pond
after appropriiate traetment system to complay NEQS .
Contractor DC &
AC
2.4 Ensure that company installed tubewell is 2 kms away from the
community.
Ensure that ground water survey is conducted to asertain the
yield of the aquifer before installation of tube well.
Contractor ,
OGDCL
DC &
AC
Deleted: Pipeline
Deleted:

No.
Project
Component or
Impact
2.5 Ensure that soak pits will be constructed such that surface runoff
cannot enter the pits.
Contractor DC
2.6 Prohibit the washing of vehicles near water bodies or water
channels .
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
2.7 Ensure that oil or fuel leakages from residential machinery are
prevented.
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
2.8
Two piezometers shall be installed near each tube well to regularly
monitor its water level and change in quality.
It shall be regularly checked that ground water diversion does not
result in an excessive decline in the nearby (local people) wells or
hand pumps.

OGDCL, DC
3. Air quality 3.1 Ensure that degraded patches emitting dust along the impact
corridor of the gas transmission lines are sprinkled regularly with
water to avoid dust emission.
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
3.2 Ensure that generators and boilers are kept well maintained. Contractor,OGDCL DC
3.3 Ensure that emissions monitoring complies with NEQS limits Contractor,
OGDCL
DC &
AC
3.4 Ensure that acesss track and gas transmisison lines near
communities are regularly sprinkled with water.
Contractor,OGDCL DC
4 Noise 4.1 Ensure vehicles and equipments are regularly monitored for noise. Contractor,OGDCL DC &
AC
Deleted: Pipeline

No.
Project
Component or
Impact
4.2 Ensure that appropriate equipment (silencers, etc.) will be used to
minimize noise.
Contractor,OGDCL DC
5. Biological
resources ( wild
Life)
5.1 Ensure that domestic garbage and leftover food is disposed of
appropriately and not discarded in the open.
Contractor,OGDCL DC
5.2 Ensure that the clearence is minimal from the project site. Contractor,OGDCL DC
5.3 Ensure that the small mamals and wild life/fisheris in the Chenab
River, crossing the project area/water plat forms are not harmed
and threatened by the project activities.
Contractor,OGDCL DC
5.4 Ensure that residential activity will start with low intensity activity
so that small mamals leave the area without harm.
Contractor
,OGDCL
DC
5.5 Ensure that wildlife will not be hunted, captured, or trapped.

Contractor
,OGDCL
DC
5.6
A safe distance will be maintained from all sensitive locations and
features and water bodies. Setting of camps, equipment stores, or
other supplies will be prohibited near isolated water sources and
wetlands. These sites will be no closer than 300 m away, if not
within sight of the water source, and 500 m away, if they are
within sight.

Contrator,OGDCL DC
5.7
Avoid habitats that include potential wildlife resting places;
extreme care will be taken when operating in these areas. These
may include feeding grounds and watering holes.

Contrator,OGDCL DC
Deleted: Pipeline

No.
Project
Component or
Impact
5.8
If project activities occur during nesting season for breeding birds
in the project area, the nesting locations for breeding raptors will
be identified prior to project initiation, and a setback of 500 m will
be maintained. Nesting locations for all other breeding birds will
also be identified, and a setback of 200 m will be maintained.

Contrator,OGDCL DC
biological
resources
5.9
Cooking fuel will be supplied by bottled gas and fuel wood cutting
will not be allowed. Employees will be trained in fire prevention
and control.

Contrator,OGDCL DC
5.10
Vegetation disturbance will be minimized by the use of existing
roads and tracks and preventing the creation of new access trails.

Contrator,OGDCL DC
5.11
River botanist will ensure that during passage of transmission
lines and well plate form over river Chenab, fish life is not
harmed through project activities.
Ensure avoidance / minimize disturbance of river flora and fauna
during construction of water plat form
Contrator,OGDCL DC
6. Socioeconomic
and Gender
impacts
6.1 Ensure that unskilled employment is reserved for local residents.
Ensure that all skilled vacancies are properly advertised through
local council and local news papers.

OGDCL DC &
AC
6.2 Ensure that dust is not discharged above the NEQS limits to avoid
harm to the communities in the project area.
OGDCL DC &
AC
Deleted: Pipeline

No.
Project
Component or
Impact
6.3 Ensure that all emissions are within NEQS limits. OGDCL DC &
AC
6.4 Ensure that water is sprinkled were necessary along the
transmission pipe line track.
Contractor,
OGDCL
DC
6.5 Ensure that the residential machinery is not left unattended. Contractor DC
6.6 Enusre that all possible conflicts are resolved through complaint
management system with the help of a complaint management
register at the residential camp gate and UC Nazim Office in the
area.
OGDCL DC &
AC
6.7 Ensure that community is compensated for their loss of land and
livelihood as per Governmnet of Pakistan Land Compensation
Policy and Act.
Enusre that payement is done in open and transparent manner.
OGDCL BC
6.8 Ensure that Local labour is given preference from the Union
Council for labour work during residential for hiring by
contractor. Only people living in the vacinity of the project corridor
will be hired.

Contractor DC
Deleted: Pipeline

No.
Project
Component or
Impact
7 Archelogical Site 7.1 Detail acheological survey will be carried out if an archelogical
remains are found.
Staff will be sensitize about the cultural and social attaributes of
the area.
All art affects found will be reported to archelogy department of
Government of Punjab.
OGDCL DC
Deleted: Pipeline

No.
Project
Component or
Impact
8 Water Platform in
River Ravi
8.1
Ensure avoidance of spills over in front of water line property not owned or
controlled by the applicant.

Ensure Impoundment (means a body of water formed by constructing a
dam across a waterway) should not obstruct the flow of river boats and create
scours in the river banks.

Construction of all docks, hoists, slips and related structures shall be located,
sized, configured, constructed and installed to limit their adverse impacts on
the aquatic ecosystem. .

Each dock owner shall display the emergency address, including the contact
number of officer of OGDC . The information shall be displayed in block letters
and numbers at least 1 inch high in a color contrasting with the background,
on the water end of the dock, facing away from shore, and shall be plainly
visible.

Ensure Construction of Plat form / docks in a manner that allows the free flow
of water beneath them.

Ensure No bed material may be excavated or fill placed, and no aquatic
vegetation may be removed below the ordinary highwater mark of a water
body in association with construction of a dock unless excavation, placement of
fill, or aquatic vegetation removal is specifically authorized by a vegetation
specialist

OGDC

Contractor

OGDC

Contractor

ODGCL

BC and
DC

DC

DC, AC

DC

DC
Deleted: Pipeline
Formatted: Font: Verdana
Formatted: Font: Verdana, 10 pt
Deleted: F


Deleted: Pipeline

Bahu EIA Report

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Bahu EIA Report

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Bahu Development Project Bahu, Punjab

Anda mungkin juga menyukai