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The document provides an introduction to a book containing a list of words. It explains that the words in the list will be between common words and more esoteric terms, focusing on words that are "just on the tip of our tongue." Readers are encouraged to mark words they don't know as they read through the list multiple times to aid in learning. Various exercises like matching, antonyms, analogies and sentence completions are included throughout the word list to help with learning and reviewing the words.
Deskripsi Asli:
English
Judul Asli
The 4000 English Words Essential for an Educated Vocabulary
The document provides an introduction to a book containing a list of words. It explains that the words in the list will be between common words and more esoteric terms, focusing on words that are "just on the tip of our tongue." Readers are encouraged to mark words they don't know as they read through the list multiple times to aid in learning. Various exercises like matching, antonyms, analogies and sentence completions are included throughout the word list to help with learning and reviewing the words.
The document provides an introduction to a book containing a list of words. It explains that the words in the list will be between common words and more esoteric terms, focusing on words that are "just on the tip of our tongue." Readers are encouraged to mark words they don't know as they read through the list multiple times to aid in learning. Various exercises like matching, antonyms, analogies and sentence completions are included throughout the word list to help with learning and reviewing the words.
THE WORDS .............................................7 WORD ANALYSIS ...............................103 IDIOM AND USAGE ............................117 About This Book English offers perhaps the richest vocabulary of all languages, in part because its words are culled from so many languages. It is a shame that we do not tap this rich source more often in our daily conversation to express ourselves more clearly and precisely. There are of course thesauruses but they mainly list common words. Other vocabulary books list difficult, esoteric words that we quickly forget or feel selfconscious using. !owever, there is a bounty of choice words between the common and the esoteric that often seem be "ust on the tip of our tongue. #ocabulary $%%% brings these words to the fore. &henever possible, oneword definitions are used. 'lthough this makes a definition less precise, it also makes it easier to remember. (any common words appear in the list of words, but with their less common meanings. )or example, the common meaning of champion is *winner.+ ' less common meaning for champion is to support or fight for someone else. ,Think of the phrase *to champion a cause.+- This is the meaning that would be used in the list. 's you read through the list of words, mark any that you do not know with a check mark. Then when you read through the list again, mark any that you do not remember with two checks. .ontinue in this manner until you have learned the words. There are four types of qui//es interspersed in the word list0 (atching, 'ntonyms, 'nalogies, and 1entence .ompletions. The (atching qui//es, review words that were "ust introduced. 'll the other qui//es contain words from any part of the list. THE WORDS The Word s 2 A a cappella without accompaniment la ca!e priced separately a p"#" reasoning based on general principles a$ac% unexpected, surprised a$ac&' counting device a$a()#( desert, forsake a$a'e degrade a$a'* humiliate, embarrass a$a!e lessen, subside a$a!e+e(! alleviation a$$e, monastery a$$e-"a!e shorten a$)"ca!e relinquish power or position a$)#+e( belly a$)&c! kidnap a$ea(! abnormal a$e! aid, encourage ,typically of crime- a$e,a(ce postponement a$*# detest a$")e submit, endure a$.ec! wretched a$.&e renounce a$la!e cut away a$l&!"#( cleansing a$#)e home a$#l"'* annul, eliminate a$#+"(a$le detestable a$#"/"(al indigenous, native a$#!"-e unsuccessful a$#&() be plentiful a$ea'! sidebyside a$")/e shorten a$#a) overseas a$#/a!e cancel a$&p! ending suddenly a$'ce'' infected and inflamed tissue a$'c#() to run away ,secretly- a$'#l-e acquit, free from blame a$'!a"( refrain a$'!ac! theoretical, intangible a$'!&'e difficult to understand a$&! touch, border on a$,'+al deficient, sub par a$,'' chasm aca)e+, school acce)e yield, agree acce(!&a!e emphasi/e acce''"#( attainment of rank acce''#, attachment, accomplice accla"+ recognition, fame accl"+a!e accustom oneself to a climate, ad"ust accl"-"!, ascent, incline acc#la)e applause, tribute acc#++#)a!e adapt, assist, house acc#+pl"ce one who aids a lawbreaker acc#) agreement acc#'! to approach and speak to someone aggressively acc#&!e equip, clothe acce)"! authori/e acce!e grow larger acc&e accumulate acc&+&la!e amass ace$"c caustic, bitter ,of speech- ac+e summit, /enith ac#l,!e assistant ,usually to clergy- ac#&'!"c pertaining to sound ac0&a"(! familiari/e ac0&"e'ce agree passively ac0&"! free from blame ac") pungent, caustic, choking ac"+#("#&' caustic, resentful ac#p*#$"a fear of heights ac!&a!e induce, start ac&+e( insight ac&!e sharp, intense a) (a&'ea+ to a ridiculous degree a)1l"$ improvise a)a/e proverb a)a+a(! insistent a)ap! ad"ust to changing conditions a)ap!a$le pliable a))e()&+ appendix, supplement a))&ce offer as example a)ep! skillful a)*ee stick to a)*ee(! supporter a)"e& farewell a)"p#'e fatty a).ace(! next to a).#&( suspend, discontinue a).&)"ca!e "udge a).&(c! addition a)+"("'!e manage a)+"''"$le allowable a)+#("'* warn gently a)# fuss, commotion A)#("' a beautiful man a)#"! skillful a)&la!"#( applause, worship a)&l!ea!e contaminate, corrupt a)&+$a!"#( overshadow a)-e(! arrival of something important a)-e(!"!"#&' accidental, extrinsic a)-e'a, opponent a)-e'e unfavorable, opposing a)-e'"!, hardship a)-"'e give counsel a)-#ca!e urge, support ae/"' that which protects, sponsorship ae"al pertaining to the air ae#$"c' exercise 2&"3 1 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. '4'1E '. applause 5. '41T'I6 4. caustic 7. '.O89TE . . shorten $. '4E9'6.E :. applause ;. '4<I:=E E. assistant >. '..O8':E ) . postponement ?. '.<I(O6IO@1 =. refrain A. '::@.E !. exercise 2. ':@8'TIO6 I. degrade 3%. 'E<O4I.1 B. offer as example ae'!*e!"c pleasing to the senses, beautiful a66a$le friendly a66ec! influence a66ec!a!"#( pretense, showing off a66")a-"! sworn written statement a66"l"a!e associate a66"l"a!"#( connection, association a66"("!, fondness a66"7 fasten a66l"c!"#( illness a66l&e(! abundant, wealthy a66a, brawl a66#(! insult a6"c"#(a)# devotee, ardent follower a6#&l entangled, in trouble a6! rear a6!e+a!* consequence a/ape wonder a/e()a plan, timetable a/e(! p#-#ca!e& agitator a//a()"3e exaggerate a//a-a!e worsen a//e/a!e total, collect a//e''# attacker a//"e-e mistreat a//"e-e) un"ustly in"ured a/*a'! horrified a/"le nimbl e a/"!a!e stir up a/(a!e related on the fatherCs side a/(#'!"c not knowing whether =od exists a/a"a( pertaining to farming a/#(#+, science of crop production a" discuss, broadcast a"' pretension a%"+$# with hands on hips a%"( related al 6e'c# outdoors alac"!, swiftness al$a!#'' large sea bird al$"(# lacking pigmentation alc#-e recess, niche al"a' assumed name al"$" excuse al"e(a!e estrange, antagoni/e al"/*! land, descend, to happen to find a place to rest alla, to reassure alle/e assert without proof alle/"a(ce loyalty alle/#, fable alle/# fast alle-"a!e lessen, assuage all"!ea!"#( repetition of the same sound all#ca!e distribute all#! allocate, ration all&)e refer to indirectly all, unite for a purpose al+a(ac calendar with additional information al+' charity al##6 arrogant, detached al!eca!"#( argument al!"!&)e height al!# low female voice al!&"'+ benevolence, generosity a+al/a+a!"#( mixture a+a'' collect a+$"e(! surrounding, environment a+$"/&#&' unclear a+$"-ale(ce conflicting emotions a+$&la!#, able to walk a+el"#a!e improve a+e(a$le agreeable a+e() correct a+e("!"e' courtesies, comforts a+e("!, pleasantness a+"a$le friendly a+") among a+"'' wrong, out of place a+"!, friendship, good will a+(e'!, pardon a+#al without morals a+##&' loving, sexual a+#p*#&' shapeless a+#!"3e pay by installments a+p*"$"#&' able to operate in water and land a+p*"!*ea!e ovalshaped theater a+&c% murderous fren/y a+&le! charm, talisman a+&'e entertain a(ac*#("'!"c out of historical order a(ae#$"c without oxygen a(a/a+ a word formed by rearranging the letters of another word a(al/e'"c painsoother 2&"3 8 4A(!#(,+'5 :irections 0 .hoose the word most opposite in meaning to the capitali/ed word. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. =<'T@ITO@10 ,'- voluntary ,4- arduous ,.- solicitous ,:- righteous ,E- befitting 5. )'88O&0 ,'- fatuous ,4- productive ,.- bountiful ,:- pertinacious ,E- opprobrious 7. (ETT8E0 ,'- ad hoc ,4- perdition ,.- woe ,:- trepidation ,E- apathy $. 1'#'6T0 ,'- dolt ,4- sage ,.- attachD ,:- apropos comment ,E- state of confusion ;. <I)E0 ,'- multitudinous ,4- blemished ,.- sturdy ,:- counterfeit ,E- sparse >. '4<I:=E0 ,'- distend ,4- assail ,.- unfetter ,:- enfeeble ,E- prove ?. E<O:I='80 ,'- bountiful ,4- dependent ,.- provident ,:- superfluous ,E- profligate A. <EF@IE(0 ,'- humility ,4- prerequisite ,.- resolution ,:- reign ,E- hiatus 2. (ETE0 ,'- indict ,4- convoke ,.- hamper ,:- disseminate ,E- deviate 3%. 1E#E<'6.E0 ,'- continuation ,4- dichotomy ,.- astringency ,:- disclosure ,E- remonstrance a(al#/#&' similar a(al#/, point by point comparison a(ac*"'! terrorist, nihilist a(ac*, absence of government, chaos a(a!*e+a curse, abomination a(ec)#!e story a(e&,'+ bulging in a blood vessel a(/'! anxiety, dread a("+a)-e'"#( critical remark a("+a!e) exuberant a("+#'"!, dislike a("+&' hate a((al' historical records a((e7 to attach, to take possession of a(("*"la!e destroy a((#!a!e to add explanatory notes a((&l cancel a((&la ringshaped a(#),(e pain soothing a(#"(! consecrate, apply ointment a(#+al#&' abnormal a(#(,+"!, state of being anonymous a(!a/#("'!"c hostile a(!a/#("3e harass a(!ec*a+$e waiting room a(!e)"l&-"a( ancient, obsolete a(!*#l#/, collection a(!*a7 disease, bacterium a(!"c caper, prank a(!"pa!*, repulsion, hated a(!"p#)al exactly opposite a(!"0&a!e) outdated, obsolete a(!"0&"!, ancient times a(!"!*e'"' direct opposite apa!*e") racial segregation apa!*e!"c unconcerned, uninterested apa!*, indifference ape mimic ape!&e opening ape7 highest point ap*a'"a speechless ap*#"'+ maxim apl#+$ poise ap#cal,p!"c ominous, doomed ap#c,p*al of doubtful authenticity ap#ple7, stroke ap#'!a!e one who abandons oneCs faith ap#!*e#'"' deification appall horrify appa"!"#( phantom appea'e pacify appella!"#( title appe() affix app#'"!e apt appe*e('"-e anxious, worried app"'e inform app#$a!"#( approval ap#p#' appropriate ap! suitable ap!"!&)e ability a0&a!"c pertaining to water a$"!e "udge a$"!a+e(! final "udgment a$"!a, tyrannical, capricious aca(e secret, difficult to understand ac*a"c antiquated ac*e!,pe original model, epitome ac*"pela/# group of island ac*"-e' public records a)e(! passionate a)# passion a)&#&' hard a/#(a&!' goldseekers, adventurers a/#! speciali/ed vocabulary, "argon a"a operatic song a") dry, dull a"'!#ca! nobleman a+a)a fleet of ships a+"'!"ce truce aa"/( indict aa, arrangement aea' in debt a#/a!e sei/e without right a#,# gully a'e(al supply, stockpile of weapons a!6&l skillful, cunning a!"c&la!e wellspoken a!"6"ce trick a!le'' naive, simple a'ce() rise a'ce()a(c, powerful state a'ce!a"( discover a'ce!"c selfdenying a'c"$e to attribute a'ep!"c sterile a'*e( pale a'"("(e stupid a'%a(ce to view with suspicion a'%e9 crooked a'pe'"#( slander a'p*,7"a!e suffocate a'p"a(! contestant a'p"a!"#( ambition a''a"l attack a''a''"( murderer a''e(! agree a''e! affirm a''e'' appraise a''")&#&' hardworking a''"+"la!e absorb, integrate a''#(a(ce partial rhyme a''&a/e lessen ,pain- a'!al pertaining to stars a'!"(/e(! causing contraction, severe a'!&!e wise a'&()e apart, into separate parts a',l&+ place of refuge a',++e!"c uneven a!a-"'!"c exhibiting the characteristics of oneCs forebears a!el"e workshop a!#ll reef a!#+"3e vapori/e a!#(e make amends a!#p*, the wasting away of muscle a!!e(&a!e weaken, assuage a!!e'! testify a!!"e dress a!!"$&!e ascribe a!!"!"#( deterioration, reduction 2&"3 3 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. '6'T!E(' '. hard 5. '66I!I8'TE 4. curse 7. '6O('8O@1 . . gully $. 'E'T!ETI. :. suffocate ;. '<.!'I. E. antiquated >. '<:@O@1 ) . destroy ?. '<<O9O =. abnormal A. '1E!9GI'TE !. unconcerned 2. '1T<I6=E6T I. make amends 3%. 'TO6E B. causing contraction a!,p"cal abnormal a& c#&a(! well informed, chic a&)ac"!, boldness a&)"e(! listening, attentive a&)"!"#( tryout a&/+e(! increase, supplement a&/& predict a&/&'! noble, ma"estic a&a atmosphere, emanation a&'p"ce' patronage, protection a&'p"c"#&' favorable a&'!ee harsh, 1partan a&!*#"3e grant, sanction a&!#+a!#( robot a&!#(#+#&' selfgoverning a&7"l"a, secondary, supportive a-a"l assistance a-a(! /a)e vanguard a-a"ce greed a-a!a incarnation a-e'e loath, reluctant a-e! turn away a-"a( pertaining to birds a-") enthusiastic a-#ca!"#( hobby a-#&c* attest, guarantee a-#9 declare a-&(c&la like an uncle a9, crooked a7"#+ selfevident truth a,e affirmative vote a3&e sky blue B $a$$"!!, smugness $acc*a(al orgy, drunken celebration $a)/e pester $a)"(a/e banter $a/a!elle nonentity, trifle $a"l"9"c% area of concern or business $alee( whalebone $ale6&l hostile, malignant $al% hesitate $al%, hesitant $alla) song $alla'! counterbalance $all"'!"c' study of pro"ectiles $al+ soothing ointment $a(al trite $a(), exchange $a(e poison, nuisance $a$a"a( savage $a) poet $a#0&e ornate $a"'!e lawyer $a'% take pleasure in, sun $a''# low male voice $a'!"#( fort $a!*#' sentimentality $a!!e( fasten, board up $a!!e, physical attack $a&$le trinket $ea!"6, sanctify $ea!"!&)e state of bliss $ec%#( lure $ec#+"(/ proper $e)la+ uproar $e6"! to be suitable $e/e! produce, procreate $e/&)/e resent, envy $e/&"le deceive, seduce $e*e+#!* monster $e*e'! command $e*#l)e( in debt, obliged $ela$# assail verbally, dwell on $ela!e) delayed, overdue $elea/&e besiege $el6, bell tower $el"e misrepresent, disprove $el"!!le disparage $ell"c#'e warlike $ell"/ee(! combative $ell#9 shout $ell9e!*e leader, guide $e+#a( lament $e+&'e) bewildered $e(c*+a% standard $e(e)"c!"#( blessing $e(e6ac!# patron $e(e-#le(! kind $e("/( harmless $e(! determined $e0&ea!* will $e0&e'! gift, endowment $ea!e scold $eea-e to rob, to deprive somebody of a love one, especially through death 2&"3 : 4A(!#(,+'5 :irections 0 .hoose the word most opposite in meaning to the capitali/ed word. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. !9EO.<ITI.'80 ,'- forthright ,4- "udicious ,.- circumspect ,:- puritanical ,E- unorthodox 5. #O8@(I6O@10 ,'- obscure ,4- cantankerous ,.- unsubstantial ,:- tenacious ,E- opprobrious 7. )'6'TI.I1(0 ,'- ,:- delusion cynicism ,4- fascism ,E- indifference ,.- remorse $. I6TE<(I6'48E0 ,'- finite ,4- "e"une ,.- tranquil ,:- incessant ,E- imprudent ;. O<6'TE0 ,'- 1partan ,4- blemished ,.- sturdy ,:- counterfeit ,E- temporary >. (@T'4I8IT90 ,'- simplicity ,4- apprehension ,.- frailty ,:- maverick ,E- tenacity ?. #I<@8E6T0 ,'- benign ,4- intrepid ,.- malignant ,:- hyperbolic ,E- tentative A. '41TE(IO@10 ,'- timely ,4- immoderate ,.- bellicose ,:- servile ,E- irreligious 2. #E<4O1E0 ,'- subliminal ,4- myopic ,.- pithy ,:- dauntless ,E- ubiquitous 3%. #I1.I:0 ,'- subtle ,4- faint ,.- slick ,:- vicious ,E- difficult $ee6! deprived of $e'e% cra/ed with anger $e'eec* implore, beg $e'e! harass, encircle $e'"e/e beleaguer, surround $e'+"c* slander, sully $e'pea% attest $e'!"al beastlike, brutal $e'!#9 offer, grant $e!#!*e) engaged $e-, group $"$l"#/ap*, list of sources of information $"ca+eal having two legislative branches $"c%e quarrel $"e(("al occurring every two years $"la!eal twosided $"l"#&' illtempered $"l% swindle $"#)e/a)a$le naturally decaying $"#p', removing tissue for examination $"pe) twofooted animal $"'!# tavern, cafe $"-#&ac encampment $la()"'* flatter, grovel $la'; bored with life $la'p*e+, insulting =od $lea% cheerless, forlorn $l"/*! decay $l"'' happiness $l"!*e "oyous $l#a!e) swollen $#)e portend $#/&' forged, false $#/, bugbear $#"'!e#&' noisy $#l! move quickly and suddenly $#+$a'! pompous speech $#( -"-a(! gourmet, epicure $#(a 6")e made in good faith $#(a(3a a stroke of luck $##( payoff, windfall $## vulgar person $##!le'' unavailing $##!, loot, stolen goods $#!c* bungle $#&/e#"' middle class $#-"(e cowlike $#,c#!! abstain in protest $ac"(/ refreshing $ac%"'* salty $a()"'* display menacingly $a-a)# feigned bravery $a-&a technically difficult, brilliant $a9( strength $e-"!, shortness of expression $"/a() robber $"(% edge, threshold $#ac* bring up a topic for conversation $#+")e clichD $##% tolerate $#9$ea! to bully $&'0&e curt $&c#l"c rustic $&66e! blow, pummel $&66##( fool, "oker $&l9a% fortification $&(c#+$e empty, showy talk $&#,a(! floatable, cheerful $&/e#( sprout $&le'0&e farce $&l, husky $&!!e'' support < ca$al a group of conspirators ca$ae! night club cac*e hiding place cac*e! prestige cac#p*#(, dissonance, harsh noise ca)a-e corpse ca)a-e#&' haggard ca)e(ce rhythm ca)e! a student of a military academy ca)/e beg ca)e small group ca.#le encourage, coax cala+"!, disaster calc&la!"(/ scheming cal"$e ability, character call#&' insensitive call#9 inexperienced cal&+(, slander ca+aa)e"e fellowship ca(a"lle rabble ca(a) hoax ca()") frank, unrehearsed ca()# frankness ca("(e pertaining to dogs ca(#( rule ca(! insincere speech ca(!a(%e#&' peevish ca(!a!a musical composition ca(-a'' survey capac"#&' spacious cap"lla, thin tube cap"!al most significant, pertaining to wealth cap"!#l legislative building cap"!&la!e surrender cap"c"#&' fickle, impulsive cap!"#( title cap!"#&' fond of finding fault in others cap!"-a!e engross, fascinate caa6e bottle ca$"(e rifle cac"(#/e("c causing cancer cac"(#+a tumor ca)"(al chief ca)"#l#/"'! one who studies the heart caee( swerve ca"#( decaying flesh ca!#/ap*e mapmaker ca'ca)e waterfall ca'*+ee fine wool from 'sia <a''a()a unheeded prophet ca'!"/a!e critici/e ca'!a!e remove the testicles 2&"3 5 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. 4E1(I<.! '. unheeded prophet 5. 4I.'(E<'8 4. peevish 7. 4I8'TE<'8 . . pertaining to dogs $. 4OOT8E11 :. plot ;. 4<'6:I1! E. farce >. 4@<8E1F@E ) . display menacingly ?. .'4'8 =. unavailing A. .'6I6E !. twosided 2. .'6T'6HE<O@1 I. having two legislative branches 3%. .'11'6:<' B. sully ca'&"'!, specious reasoning ca!acl,'+ catastrophe ca!a'!#p*"c disastrous ca!e/#"cal absolute, certain ca!*a!"c purgative, purifying ca!*#l"c universal, worldly ca&c&' meeting ca&'e c;l=$e celebrated legal case ca&'!"c scathing ,of speech- ca&!e"3e to sear ca-al"e disdainful, nonchalant ca-ea! warning ca-ea! e+p!# buyer beware ca-"l quibble ca-#! frolic ce)e transfer ownership, relinquish cele'!"al heavenly cel"$a!e abstaining from sex ce(#!ap* empty tomb, monument ce('#"#&' condemning speech ce('&e condemn cea+"c' pottery cee$al pertaining to the brain ce''a!"#( a stoping c*a6e abrade c*a/"( embarrassment c*al"ce goblet c*a+p"#( defend c*ape#( escort c*aa)e pantomime, sham c*ala!a( quack, imposter c*a!e&'e greenish yellow c*a, cautious c*a'!e pure, virgin c*a'!e( castigate c*a!ea& castle c*ee%, brass, forward c*e&$ cupid c*e&$"c sweet, innocent c*"ca(e, trickery c*")e scold c*"+e"cal imaginary, dreamlike c*#le"c easily angered c*#!le laugh, snort c*#("c continual ,usually of illness- c*#("cle a history, record c*#(#l#/, arrangement by time c*&l a boor c*&!3pa* gall <"++e"a( dim, unlit c"p*e /ero, nobody, a code c"ca about ,of time- c"c&"!#&' roundabout c"c&+c"'e remove the foreskin c"c&+l#c&!"#( roundabout expression c"c&+'pec! cautious c"c&+-e(! evade, thwart c"!a)el fortress c"!a!"#( summons to appear in court cla+# noise cla( extended family cla()e'!"(e secret cla&'!#p*#$"a fear of enclosed places clea-e split cle6! spli t cle+e(c, forgiveness cl"0&e a small group cl#"'!e refuge, monastery cl#(e duplicate cl#&! influence cl#-e( split cl#, glut, to sicken by excess cl#,e) "aded c#1#p! preempt, usurp c#a/&la!e thicken c#ale'ce combine c#)a concluding passage c#))le pamper c#)"c"l supplement to a will c#ec"#( force c#66e strong box c#/e(! wellput, convincing c#/"!a!e ponder c#/(a!e from the same source c#/("3a(! aware, mindful c#/(#+e( family name c#*a$"! live together c#*ee stick together c#*#! an associate c#"66&e hairdo c#lla$#a!e work together c#lla sei/e, arrest c#lla!eal securities for a debt c#ll#0&"al informal speech c#ll#0&, conference c#ll&'"#( conspiracy c#l#((a)e row of columns 2&"3 > 4A(!#(,+'5 :irections 0 .hoose the word most opposite in meaning to the capitali/ed word. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. :E<I1IO60 ,'- urgency ,4- admonishment ,.- uniqueness ,:- diversity ,E- acclaim 5. '6TIE'T!90 ,'- fondness ,4- disagreement ,.- boorishness ,:- provocation ,E- opprobrium 7. .'BO8E0 ,'- implore ,4- glance at ,.- belittle ,:- ennoble ,E- engender $. .E61@<E0 ,'- prevaricate ,4- titillate ,.- aggrandi/e ,:- obscure ,E- sanction ;. ':@8'TIO60 ,'- immutability ,4- reluctance ,.- reflection ,:- defamation ,E- indifference >. 6OI1O(E0 ,'- salubrious ,4- affable ,.- multifarious ,:- provident ,E- officious ?. .O61E.<'TE0 ,'- curb ,4- destroy ,.- curse ,:- inveigh ,E- exculpate A. I88@1T<IO@10 ,'- bellicose ,4- ignoble ,.- theoretical ,:- esoteric ,E- immaculate 2. :EI=60 ,'- inveigh ,4- gainsay ,.- speculate ,:- re"ect ,E- laud 3%. 1@4TE<)@=E0 ,'- bewilderment ,4- artlessness ,.- deceit ,:- felicitation ,E- "eopardy c#+a!#'e stupor c#+$"(e unite, blend c#++a()ee sei/e for military use c#++e+#a!e observe c#++e() praise c#++e('&a!e proportionate c#++"'ea!e empathi/e c#++"''a, food store c#++"''"#( authori/ation to perform a task c#++#)"#&' spacious c#++#)"!, product c#++#)#e naval officer c#++&("#( fellowship c#++&!a!"#( exchange, substitution c#++&!e lessen punishment c#+pac! covenant c#+pa''"#( kindness c#+pa!"$le wellmatched, harmonious c#+pa!"#! countryman c#+pell"(/ convincing, persuasive c#+pe()"&+ summary c#+pe('a!e make up for c#+pe('a!#, redeeming c#+pe!e(ce skillfulness c#+p"le collect c#+place(! selfsatisfied, oblivious to coming danger c#+pl"a(! submissive, conforming c#+pl"c"!, guilt by association c#+p#! to conduct oneself c#+p#'e) cool, selfpossessed c#+p#&() augment c#+pe*e('"-e thorough c#+p"'e consist of c#+p&l'"-e obsessive c#+p&l'#, obligatory c#+p&(c!"#( remorse c#(ca!e(a!e link c#(ca-e curving inward c#(ce)e yield, grant c#(ce!e) done together, intensive effort c#(c* spiral shell c#(c"l"a!#, reconciling, restoring goodwill c#(c"'e brief c#(cl&'"-e convincing, ending doubt c#(c#c! devise c#(c#+"!a(! accompanying, concurrent c#(c#) accord c#(c#)a! agreement c#(c#&'e throng, open space for a gathering c#(c&$"(e mistress c#(c& agree c#(c&e(! simultaneous c#()e'ce() patroni/e, talk down to c#()"+e(! seasoning c#()#le(ce commiseration c#()#(e overlook wrong doing, pardon c#()&c"-e helping c#()&"! pipe c#(6a$&la!e discuss, give a fictitious account of a past event c#(6ec!"#( candy c#(6e)eac, alliance c#(6e bestow c#(6ee(ce meeting c#(6")a(! trusted friend c#(6")e trust another ,with secrets- c#(6"'ca!e sei/e c#(6la/a!"#( large fire c#(6l&e(ce flowing together c#(6#&() bewilder c#(6#(! challenge c#(6&'e perplex c#(6&!e disprove c#(/eal solidify c#(/e("al friendly c#(/e("!al inborn, existing from birth c#(/e"e' pile c#(/&e(ce conformity c#("6e#&' bearing cones c#(.ec!&e hypothesis, speculation c#(.&/al pertaining to marriage c#(.&e summon c#(("-e conspire c#((#"''e& an expert, gourmet c#('a(/&"(e#&' related by blood c#('c"e(!"#&' honorable, upright c#('c"p!"#( draft, enlistment c#('eca!e make holy c#('ec&!"-e one after another c#('e('&' general agreement c#('")ee) well thoughtout, contemplated c#('"/( assign c#('#la!"#( comfort, solice c#('#le comfort c#('#l")a!e unite, strengthen c#('#(a(! harmonious c#('#! spouse c#('#!"&+ cartel c#('p"c&#&' obvious c#('p"e plot c#('!ella!"#( arrangement of stars c#('!e(a!"#( anxiety, bewilderment c#('!a"(e) confined c#('!&e interpret c#('&++a!e perfect c#(!a/"#( infectious agent c#(!e+pla!e meditate c#(!e+p! disdain c#(!e() struggle c#(!e(!e) satisfied c#(!e(!"#&' argumentative c#(!"/&#&' ad"acent, abutting c#(!"(e(ce selfcontrol c#(!"(/e(! conditional c#(!#! twist c#(!a$a() illicit goods c#(!ac!"#( shrinkage c#(!ac!&al related to a contract c#(!a"e!, opposition c#(!a'! difference, comparison c#(!a-e(e oppose c#(!e!e+p' unfortunate occurrence c#(!"!e apologetic c#(!"-e arrange, artificial c#(!#-e'"al sub"ect to dispute c#(!#-e! dispute c#(!&+ac, disobedience c#(!&'"#( bruise 2&"3 7 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. .O(('6:EE< '. sei/e for military use 5. .O((@6IO6 4. apologetic 7. .O(E'T<IOT . . perfect $. .O6.E<TE: :. accord ;. .O6.O<: E. done together >. .O6)8@E6.E ) . pile ?. .O6=E<IE1 =. flowing together A. .O61O6'6T !. harmonious 2. .O61@(('TE I. countryman 3%. .O6T<ITE B. fellowship c#(&()&+ pu//le, enigma c#(-e(e assemble ,a group- c#(-e(!"#(al customary, standard c#(-e/e come together c#(-e'a(! familiar c#(-e'e opposite c#(-e7 curving outward c#(-e, communicate c#(-"c!"#( strongly held belief c#(-"-"al sociable, festive c#(-#ca!"#( gathering c#(-#%e convene, summon c#(-#l&!e) twisted, complicated c#p"#&' abundant c#0&e!!e a flirt c#)"al friendly c#)#( bond, chain, barrier c#(&c#p"a coneshaped horn filled with fruit c##lla, consequence c##(a!"#( crowning of a sovereign c#p#eal of the body c#p' group of people c#p&le(! fat c##$#a!e confirm c#!e/e procession c#&'ca!e sparkle c#'+#p#l"!a( worldly, sophisticated c#''e! coddle c#!e"e small group c#&(!e(a(ce facial expression c#&(!e+a() overrule c#&(!e'!"%e strike back c#&(!e-a"l counterbalance c#&p master stroke, sudden takeover c#&p )e /?ce final stroke, a blow of mercy c#&!1+a!"al military trial c#&!e'a( prostitute c#&!"e member of the kingCs court c#-e(a(! agreement, pact c#-e! secret c#-e! desire c#9e showing fear ca'' crude ca-e desire ca-e( cowardly ce)e(ce belief ce)e(3a buffet ce)&l"!, gullibility ce)&l#&' believing cee) belief ce'ce()# becoming louder ce'!6alle( de"ected ce-"ce crack c"(/e cower c"!e"#( a standard used in "udging c"!"0&e examination, criticism c##( sing c&e! bottle c&7 gist, key c,p!"c mysterious, pu//ling c&$"'+ a style of painting c&)/el club c&l"(a, pertaining to cooking c&ll pick out, select c&l+"(a!e climax c&lpa$le blameworthy c&lp"! offender c&l-e! drain c&+$e'#+e unwieldy c&+&la!"-e accumulate c&p")"!, greed c&$ restrain, block c&+&)/e#( boor, badtempered c&"c&l&+ course of study c&, seek favor by flattery c&'#, hasty c&! abrupt, rude c&!a"l shorten c,cl#(e storm c,("cal scornful of the motives or sincerity of others c,(#'&e celebrity, center of attention c3a <ussian emperor D )a$ touch lightly )a"' platform )all, procrastinate, linger )a(% cold and damp )a&(!le'' courageous )e 6ac!# actual, in effect )e .&e legally )e "/&e& very formal, compulsory )ea)pa( expressionless )ea!* scarcity )e$acle a rout, defeat )e$a'e degrade )e$a&c* corrupt 3. @E1!OT0 ,'- consequence ,4- descent ,.- annihilation ,:- termination ,E- inception 2&"3 @ 4A(!#(,+'5 :irections 0 .hoose the word most opposite in meaning to the capitali/ed word. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 5. &!ET0 ,'- obscure ,4- blunt ,.- desiccate ,:- imbibe ,E- enervate 7. E<O:I=90 ,'- vacuous comment ,4- hegemony ,.- plane ,:- common occurrence ,E- capitulation $. '(4@8'TO<90 ,'- immutable ,4- obdurate ,.- hospitali/ed ,:- pedantic ,E- stationary ;. E8'TIT@:E0 ,'- sincere comment ,4- enigmatic comment ,.- hostile comment ,:- disingenuous comment ,E- original comment >. 1EE(890 ,'- redoubtable ,4- flaccid ,.- imperceptible ,:- indigenous ,E- unbecoming ?. .!'(EIO60 ,'- relinquish ,4- contest ,.- oppress ,:- modify ,E- withhold A. 'I<0 ,'- release ,4- differ ,.- expose ,:- betray ,E- enshroud 2. EE<T@<4'TIO60 ,'- impotence ,.- prediction ,4- obstruction ,:- equanimity ,E- chivalry 3%0 TE(EE1T@O@10 ,'- prodigal ,4- reticent ,.- serene ,:- phenomenal ,E- accountable )e$a&c*e, indulgence )e$"l"!a!e weaken )e$#(a" sophisticated, affable )e$"e6 interrogate, inform )e$&(% refute, expose )e$&!a(!e a girl debuting into society )eca)e(ce decay ,e.g. moral or cultural- )eca(! pour )ecap"!a!e kill by beheading )eca!*l#( athletic contest )ece"-e trick )ec")&#&' shedding leaves )ec"+a!e destroy )ec"p*e decode )ecl"(e decrease in number )ec#++"''"#( take a ship out of service )ec##&' seemly, dignified )ec#&+ protocol, etiquette )ecee official order )ecep"!&)e enfeeblement )ec, castigate )e)&ce conclude )e)&c! subtract )ee+ "udge )e6ace mar, disfigure )e6a+a!"#( ,noun- slander )e6a+e ,verb- slander )e6ea!"'! one who is resigned to defeat )e6e postpone )e6ee(ce courteously yielding to another )e6"c"! shortage )e6"le pollute, corrupt )e6"("!"-e conclusive, final )e6lec! turn aside )e6l#9e despoil )e6a&) swindle )e6a, pay )e6! skillful )e6&(c! extinct )e/a)e demean )e*,)a!e dry out )e"/( condescend )e"!, a god )elec!a$le delicious )ele/a!e authori/e )ele!e remove )ele!e"#&' harmful )el"$ea!e ponder )el"(ea!e draw a line around, describe )el"(0&e(! negligent, culpable )el""&+ mental confusion, ecstasy )el&)e deceive )el&/e a flood )el-e dig, explore ,of ideas- )e+a/#/&e a politician who appeals to base instincts )e+ea( degrade )e+ea(# behavior )e+e(!e) deranged )e+"'e death )e+#$"l"3e disband )e+#/ap*, study of human populations )e+#al"3e dishearten )e+#!e lower in rank )e+& take ,mild- exception, balk )e+&e sedate, reserved )e("/a!e defame )e("3e( dweller )e(#+"(a!"#( class, sect )e(#!e signify, stand for )e(#&e+e(! resolution )e(#&(ce condemn )e(&)e strip bare )epa! leave )ep"c! portray )eple!e exhaust )epl#e condemn )epl#, arrange forces )ep#!+e(! behavior, posture )ep#'"!"#( testimony )epa-"!, immorality, wickedness )epeca!e belittle )epe)a!"#( preying on, plunder )ep"-e take away )eac"(a!e uproot )eel"c! negligent )e")e ridicule )e"'"-e mocking )e#/a!#, degrading )e"c% crane )e'eca!e profane, defile )e'"cca!e dehydrate )e'"/(a!e appoint )e'"'! st op )e'#la!e forsaken )e'p"ca$le contemptible )e'p"'e loathe )e'p#()e(! depressed )e'p#! tyrant )e'!"!&!e poor )e'&e!&)e disuse )e'&l!#, without direction in life )e!ac*e) emotionally removed )e!a"( confine );!e(!e truce )e!e(!"#( confinement )e!e discourage, prevent )e!ee(! hindrance, disincentive )e!ac! lessen, undermine )e!ac!# one who critici/es )e!"+e(!al harmful )e!"!&' debris )e-a'!a!e lay waste )e-"a!e turn away from )e-"'e plan )e-#") empty )e-#!ee enthusiast, follower )e-#&! pious )"a$#l"cal devilish )"alec!"c pertaining to debate )"ap*a(#&' sheer, translucent )"a!"$e long denunciation )"ce, risky )"c*#!#+, a division into two parts )"c!a!e command )"c!&+ saying )")ac!"c instructional )"66")e(! shy )"/e'' ramble 2&"3 A 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. :E4@6H '. decode 5. :E.IE!E< 4. refute 7. :E:@.E . . conclusive $. :E)I6ITI#E :. conclude ;. :E)@6.T E. to draw a line around >. :E8I6E'TE ) . extinct ?. :E6O(I6'TIO6 =. belittle A. :EE<E.'TE !. sect 2. :E1O8'TE I. pertaining to debate 3%. :I'8E.TI. B. forsaken )"lap")a!e) neglected )"la!e enlarge )"la!#, procrastinating )"le++a a difficult choice )"le!!a(!e amateur, dabbler )"l"/e(! hardworking )"+"(&!"#( reduction )"#ce'e district )"e dreadful )""/"$le airship, blimp )"'a$&'e correct )"'a66ec! alienate )"'aa, disorder )"'a-#9 deny, disown )"'$a() disperse )"'$&'e pay out )"'ce("$le visible )"'ce("(/ observant )"'cla"+ renounce )"'c#(ce! confuse )"'c#('#la!e inconsolable )"'c#) lack of harmony )"'c#&'e conversation )"'cee! prudent )"'cepa(c, difference, disagreement )"'ce!e separate )"'ce!"#( prudence, the ability to make wellreasoned decisions )"'c"+"(a!"(/ able to see differences )"'c&'"-e rambling )"')a"( contempt )"'e(/a/e release, detach )"'6"/&e mar, ruin )"'/&(!le) disappointed )"'*e-el muss )"'"(cl"(a!"#( unwillingness )"'"(/e(&#&' deceptive, insincere )"'"(!e unearth )"'"(!ee'!e) impartial )"'.#"(!e) disconnected, incoherent )"'+al gloomy )"'+a(!le take apart )"'+a, dread )"'paa/e belittle )"'paa!e various )"'pa"!, difference, inequality )"'pa''"#(a!e impartial )"'pa!c* send )"'pel cause to banish )"'pe'e scatter )"'p""! discourage )"'p#'"!"#( attitude, temper )"'p#''e'' take away possessions )"'p&!a!"#&' fond of arguing )"'p&!e debate )"'0&"e!&)e anxiety )"'0&"'"!"#( elaborate treatise )"'ep&!e disgrace )"''e+$le pretend, hide true beliefs )"''e+"(a!e distribute )"''e(! disagree with the ma"ority )"''e!a!"#( lecture )"''")e(ce disagreement )"''"pa!e scatter, squander )"''#l&!e profligate, immoral )"''#l&!"#( disintegration )"''#(a(ce discord )"''&a)e deter )"'!e() swell )"'!#!"#( misinterpret, lie )"'!ac! divert )"'!a"! preoccupied, absentminded )"'!a&/*! distressed )"'!&'! suspect )"!*e move without purpose )"&(al daily )"-a prima donna )"-e/e branch off )"-e'e varying )"-e'"#( pastime )"-e'"!, variety )"-e'! strip, deprive )"-")e() distributed profits )"-"(e foretell )"-"'"-e causing conflict )"-&l/e disclose )#c"le domesticated, trained )#c% curtail )#c!"(a"e dogmatic )#c&+e(! verify )#))e tremble )#//e) persistent )#//eel poor verse )#/+a!"c certain, unchanging in opinion )#lce sweetly and gently )#l)&+' dullness )#le6&l sorrowful 2&"3 10 4A(!#(,+'5 :irections 0 .hoose the word most opposite in meaning to the capitali/ed word. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. .@<40 ,'- bridle ,4- encourage ,.- reproach ,:- ameliorate ,E- per"ure 5. :O.@(E6T0 ,'- copy ,4- implement ,.- gainsay ,:- blanch ,E- rant 7. )8@I:0 ,'- radiant ,4- smooth ,.- solid ,:- balky ,E- craggy $. 4O8T0 ,'- linger ,4- refrain from ,.- subdue ,:- strip ,E- transgress ;. T'48E0 ,'- palliate ,4- acclimate ,.- garner ,:- propound ,E- expedite >. !'<4O<0 ,'- provide shelter ,4- banish ,.- acquiesce ,:- extol ,E- capitulate A. 1TEEE0 ,'- desiccate ,4- intensify ,.- pontificate ,:- whet ,E- hamper 2. <E6T0 ,'- reserved ,4- restored ,.- ra/ed ,:- busy ,E- kinetic 3%. EG'.T0 ,'- extract ,4- starve ,.- lecture ,:- menace ,E- condone )#l##&' gloomy )#+"c"le home )#+"("#( area of authority )#( assume, put on )#(# contributor )#+a(! asleep )#''"e file )#!a/e senility )#!"(/ attending )#&$le1e(!e()e having two meanings one of which is sexually suggestive )#&/*!, resolute, unafraid )#& sullen )#9a/e widow )#,e( dean of a group )ac#("a( harsh )e/' residue, riffraff )"-el inane speech )#ll amusing )#(e speak in a monotonic voice )&$"#&' doubtful )&c!"le stretchable )&)/e#( resentment, indignant humor )&e((a governess )&e! twosome )&lce! melodious )&pe one who is easily trick, victim )&pl"c"!, deceit, treachery )&e'' coercion ),(a+"c energetic E e$$ recede e$&ll"e(! exuberant ecce(!"c odd, weird eccle'"a'!"cal churchl y ec*el#( degree, rank ;cla! brilliance eclec!"c from many sources ec!#)e+ top layer of skin ec&+e("cal universal, promoting unity e)"c! order e)"6"ce building e)"6, instruct e)"!#"al"3e express an opinion e)&ce draw forth, evoke e66ace obliterate e66e+"(a!e unmanly e66e-e'ce(ce exuberance e66e!e worn out e66"cac"#&' effective e66"cac, effectiveness e66"/, likeness, mannequin e66l#e'ce to bloom e66#(!e, insolence e66&l/e(! brilliant e66&'"#( pouring forth e/#ce(!"c selfcentered e/e/"#&' grossly wrong e/e'' exi t e.ac&la!e exclaim e%e supplement with great effort, strain ela$#a!"#( detailed explanation ela!e raise spirits elec!#a!e voters elee+#',(a, pertaining to charity ele/a(! refined, exquisite ele/"ac sad elep*a(!"(e large el"c"! provoke el")e omi t el"!e upperclass ell"p'"' omission of words el#0&e(! wellspoken el&c")a!e make clear, explain el&)e evade el&'"-e evasive e+ac"a!e) underfed, gaunt e+a(c"pa!e liberate e+a'c&la!e castrate, dispirit e+$a/# restriction e+$ell"'* exaggerate, adorn e+$e33le+e(! theft e+$la3#( imprint, brand e+$#), personify e+$ace accept, adopt e+$a(/le embroil e+$#"l involve with trouble e+$,#("c rudimentary, nascent e+e() correct e+e/e(! appearing e+e"!&' retired, but retaining title e+"(e(! distinguished, famous e+"''a, messenger e+#!e to display exaggerated emotion e+pa!*, compassion, sympathy e+pl#, make use of e+p#9e enable, grant e+&la!e imitate e(ac! decree, ordain e(a+#e) charmed, captivated e(a!e related on the motherCs side e(cap'&la!e condense e(c*a(! charm e(cla-e area enclosed within another region e(c#+"&+ praise e(c#+pa'' contain, encircle e(c#e additional performance e(c#ac* trespass e(c&+$e burden e(c,cl#pe)"c comprehensive e()ea enamor e()ea-# attempt, strive e()e+"c peculiar to a particular region e()#c"(#l#/"'! one who studies glands of internal secretion e()#)e+ within the skin e()#'e approve e()#9+e(! property, gift e()&e to suffer without giving up e(e-a!e weaken e(6a(c*"'e liberate, grant the right to vote e(/a/"(/ enchanting, charming e(/e()e generate, prompt e(/a-e carve into a material e(/#'' captivate e(/&l6 overwhelm e(*a(ce improve e("/+a!"c pu//ling e(.#"( urge, order, forbid e(l"/*!e( inform e(l"'! " oi n e(+"!, hostility, hatred e((#$le exalt e((&" boredom, worldweariness 2&"3 11 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. :O<('6T '. exuberant 5. :O@=!T9 4. pu//ling 7. :@ET . . comprehensive $. E4@88IE6T :. asleep ;. E))E(I6'TE E. omission of words >. E88IE1I1 ) . unmanly ?. E('6.IE'TE =. charm A. E6.!'6T !. liberate 2. E6.9.8OEE:I. I. twosome 3%. E6I=('TI. B. resolute e(#+"!, large, tragic e('e+$le musical group e('*#&) cover, obscure e('(ae trap, lure e('&e follow immediately e(!a"l involve, necessitate e(!ep"'e undertaking e(!*all mesmeri/e e(!"ce lure e(!#+#l#/, the study of insects e(!#&a/e assemblage, staff e(!ea! plead e(!e(c* fortify e(!epe(e& businessman e(&+ea!e count e(-"a$le desirable e(-"'"#( imagine, visuali/e e(-#, messenger e#( long period of time ep*e+eal shortlived ep"c ma"estic, a long narrative poem ep"c&e gourmet ep")e+"c spreading rapidly ep")e+"#l#/, study of the spread of disease ep"/a+ saying ep"'#)e incident ep"'!e+#l#/, the branch of philosophy dealing with knowledge ep"!*e! name, appellation ep#c* era ep#7, gl ue e0&a$le eventempered e0&a("+"!, composure, poise e0&"(e pertaining to horses e0&"!a$le fair e0&"-#ca!e make intentionally ambiguous ea period of time ea)"ca!e abolish e/# therefore e#)e wear away e mistake, mis"udge ea(! wandering ea!"c constantly changing e#(e#&' mistaken e'a!3 artificial e&)"!e learned e&p! burst forth e'cala!e intensify e'capa)e adventure e'cap+e(! a steep slope e'c*e9 avoid e'#!e"c known by only a few e'pla(a)e boardwalk e'p#&'e advocate e'!ee+ respect e'!*e!"c artistic e'!"+a$le meritorious e'!a(/e alienate e!e(al endless e!*eeal light, airy e!*"cal conforming to accepted standards of behavior e!*#' beliefs of a group e!"0&e!!e manners e!,+#l#/, study of words e&p*e+"'+ genteel expression e&p*#"a elation e&!*a(a'"a mercykilling e-a)e avoid e-a(e'ce(! fleeting, very brief e-a(/el"cal proselyti/ing e-a'"-e elusive e-e(!6&l momentous e-e(!&al ultimate, coming e-e(!&a!e bring about e-")e(!"al pertaining to evidence e-"(ce attest, demonstrate e-"'cea!e disembowel e-#%e draw forth e-#l&!"#( gradual change e9e female sheep e7 #66"c"# by virtue of position e7ace$a!e worsen e7ac! use authority to force payment e7ac!"(/ demanding, difficult e7al! glorify e7a'pea!e irritate e7cep! selection, extract e7c"'"#( removal e7cla"+ shout e7cl&)e shut out e7cl&'"-e prohibitive e7c#++&("ca!e expel e7c&c"a!e torture e7eca$le abominable e7ec&!e put into effect e7e/e'"' interpretation 2&"3 18 4A(!#(,+'5 :irections 0 .hoose the word most opposite in meaning to the capitali/ed word. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. :I1.O<:0 ,'- agreement ,4- supposition ,.- strife ,:- scrutiny ,E- antithesis 5. HEE60 ,'- concentrated ,4- languid ,.- rash ,:- caustic ,E- voracious 7. I<<E8E#'6T0 ,'- moot ,4- onerous ,.- impertinent ,:- germane ,E- true $. )'.I8IT'TE0 ,'- appease ,4- expedite ,.- extol ,:- foil ,E- precipitate ;. )E6:0 ,'- absorb ,4- disperse ,.- intensify ,:- reflect ,E- halt >. EO<T890 ,'- ill ,4- thin ,.- dull ,:- rotund ,E- insipid ?. :EE8ETE0 ,'- tax ,4- annotate ,.- replenish ,:- lecture ,E- vanquish A. I6.E11'6T0 ,'- intermittent ,4- continual ,.- increasing ,:- enclosing ,E- expanding 2. EE<B@<E0 ,'- absolve ,4- forswear ,.- impeach ,:- authenticate ,E- mortify 3%. E8ET!O<'0 ,'- dishonor ,4- paucity ,.- glut ,:- resolve ,E- deluge e7e+pla, outstanding e7e+p! excuse e7*a&'!"-e thorough e7*"$"!"#("'! one who draws attention to himself e7*#! strongly urge e7*&+e uncover e7"/e(c, urgency e7"/&#&' scant y e7"le banish e7#)&' departure, migration e7#(ea!e free from blame e7#$"!a(! expensive e7#c"'e expel e7pa('e extent of land e7pa('"-e sweeping e7pe)"e(! advantageous e7pe)"!e hasten e7pel drive out e7pe!"'e knowledge, ability e7p"a!e atone e7ple!"-e curse, invective e7pl"a!e atone e7pl"ca!e explain e7pl"c"! definite, clear e7pl#"! utili/e, milk e7p#'e divulge, reveal e7p#'!&la!e protest e7p#&() explain e7p#p"a!e dispossess, confiscate e7p&(/e erase e70&"'"!e beautifully made e7!a(! existing e7!e+p#"3e improvise e7!e(! scope e7!e(&a!e mitigate e7!"pa!e seek out and destroy e7!#l praise highly e7!#! obtain under duress e7!ac! to pull out, exact e7!a)"!e deport, deliver e7!a(e#&' not essential e7!ap#la!e infer e7!e+"!, farthest point, boundary e7!"ca!e disentangle e7!#-e!e) outgoing e7!&)e force out e7&$ea(! "oyous e7&)e emit e7&l! re"oice B 6a$"ca!"#( a lie 6aca)e mask, front of a building 6ace! aspect 6ace!"#&' "oking, sarcastic 6ac"le easy 6ac"l"!a!e make easier 6ac"l"!, ski l l 6ac'"+"le duplicate 6ac!"#( clique, sect 6ac!"#&' causing disagreement 6ac!"!"#&' artificial 6ac!#!&+ handyman 6allac"#&' false 6allac, false belief 6all#9 unproductive, unplowed 6al'e!!# high male voice 6al!e waver 6a(a!"c"'+ excessive /eal 6a(e temple 6a(6ae publicity 6ac"cal absurd, ridiculous 6aa/# mixture 6a'c"'+ totalitarianism, extreme nationalism 6a'!")"#&' meticulous 6a!al resulting in death 6a!*#+ understand 6a!&"!, foolishness 6a!&#&' inane, stupid 6a&(a animals 6a&7 pa' false step, mistake 6eal!, loyalty 6ea'"$le likely to succeed 6ea! deed, remarkable achievement 6e$"le feverish, delirious 6ec%le'' incompetent 6ec&() fertile 6e"/( pretend 6el"c"!, happiness 6el#("#&' criminal 6e++e 6a!ale a woman who leads men to their destruction 6e() ward off 6eal untamed, wild 6e+e(! turmoil 6ee! rummage through 6e!"le fruitful 6e-# intensity 6e'!e decay, to make someone increasingly bitter 6e'!"-e "oyous 6e'!##( decorate 6e!e to honor with an event 6e!") stinking 6e!!e' shackles 6e, eccentric, whimsical 6"a'c# debacle 6"a! decree 6"c%le always changing oneCs mind 6"c!"!"#&' invented, imaginary 6")el"!, loyalt y 6"/+e(! falsehood, fantasy 6"lc* steal 6"l"al son 6"l"$&'!e long speech 6"ll"p stimulus 6"(ale conclusion 6"(e''e skil l 6"e$a() agitator 6"+a+e(! sky 6"'cal monetary 6"!6&l starting and stopping irregularly 6.#) coastal inlet 6la$$e/a'!e) ama/ed, bumdfounded 6la/ella!e whi p 6la/a(! outrageous, blatant 6la"l whip, to thrash something around uncontrollably and menacingly 6le)/l"(/ "ust beginning, struggling 6l"ppa(! pert, glib, dismissive 6l#") ruddy, ornate 2&"3 13 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. EG!O<T '. free from blame 5. EGO6E<'TE 4. strongly urge 7. EGEO1T@8'TE . . agitator $. EGT<':ITE :. untamed ;. EG@8T E. debacle >. )'.TITIO@1 ) . inane ?. )'T@O@1 =. artificial A. )E<'8 !. deport 2. )I'1.O I. re"oice 3%. )I<E4<'6: B. protest 6l#&! to show disregard for the law or rules 6l&c!&a!e waver, vary 6#"$le weakness, minor fault 6#"l defeat, thwart 6#"'! palm off a fake 6#+e(! instigate 6#(! source, fountainhead, set of type 6#a/e search for food 6#a, raid 6#$ea abstain, restrain oneself 6#ce +a.e&e superior force 6#e$#)"(/ ominous 6#ecl#'e exclude 6#e('"c pertaining to debate 6#e'"/*! ability to predict the future 6#e'!all thwart, preempt 6#/# relinquish ,usually voluntarily- 6#'a%e abandon 6#'9ea deny 6#!*"/*! frank 6#!*9"!* immediately 6#!"6, strengthen 6#!"!&)e resilience, courage 6#!&"!#&' lucky 6#'!e encourage, cultivate 6#&()e sink. fail 6aca' noisy fight 6a/"le easily broken 6a/+e(!e) broken into fragments 6a!e("!, brotherhood 6a&/*! filled 6e(e!"c harried, neurotic 6e! worry 6"!!e squander 6"-#l"!, playfulness 6#l"c romp, play 6#() bending tree 6&/al thrifty 6&"!6&l productive 6&"!"#( reali/ation, completion 6&"!le'' unprofitable, barren 6&l+"(a!e denounce, menace 6&l'#+e excessive, insincere 6&+"(/ angry 6&l#&/* leave of absence 6&# commotion 6&!"-e stealthy 6&'"lla)e bombardment 6&!"le hopeless G /a66e embarrassing mistake /a"(6&l profitable /a"('a, contradict /al-a("3e excite to action /a+$"! plot, strategy /a+&! range, scope /a/a(!&a( large /a(e gather /a("'* decorate /a#!e stranglehold /a&l#&' talkative /a&c*e awkward /e(eal#/, ancestry /e(e"c general /e(e'"' beginning /e(e!"c' study of heredity /e(e kind, category /e(!eel elegant, refined /e(&6lec! kneel in reverence /e(&"(e authentic, sincere /e"a!"c' pertaining to old age /e+a(e relevant /*a'!l, horrible /"$e heckle /"(/"-"!"' inflammation of the gums /"'! essence ,of an argument- /la$#&' without hair /la&c#+a disorder of the eye /lea( gather /l"$ insincere manner /l#9e stare angrily /l&! surplus, excess /l&!!#( one who eats too much /(al deform /(#+e dwarflike being /#a) encourage, provoke /##/#l a very large number /#/e stuff, satiate /#/#( ugly person /#+a()"3e eat voraciously /#, bloody /#''a+e thin and flimsy G#!*"c medieval style of architecture /#&/e overcharge /ac"#&' kindness, politeness /a)"e(! incline, rising by degrees 2&"3 1: 4A(!#(,+'5 :irections 0 .hoose the word most opposite in meaning to the capitali/ed word. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. '11I(I8'TE0 ,'- strive ,4- adapt ,.- synchroni/e ,:- estrange ,E- officiate 5. I6':#E<TE6T0 ,'- accidental ,4- disingenuous ,.- forthright ,:- inconsiderate ,E- calculated 7. '41.O6:0 ,'- pilfer ,4- replace ,.- glean ,:- substitute ,E- surrender $. )O(E6T0 ,'- exhort ,4- dissuade ,.- cower ,:- abet ,E- fixate ;. EGTE6@'TE0 ,'- alleviate ,4- preclude ,.- worsen ,:- subdue ,E- "ustify >. 6O6E'<EI80 ,'- consummate ,4- "uvenile ,.- dutiful ,:- ordinary ,E- choice ?. <EE@:I'TE0 ,'- denounce ,4- deceive ,.- embrace ,:- fib ,E- generali/e A. 6OGIO@10 ,'- ,:- diffuse unique ,4- latent ,E- un"ust ,.- beneficial 2. 1@))<'=E0 ,'- absence of charity ,4- absence of franchise ,.- absence of pain ,:- absence of success ,E- absence of malice 3%. =8E'60 ,'- gaffe ,4- furor ,.- gather ,:- frolic ,E- foist /a)&al by degrees, changing slowly /a()"#'e impressive, large /a(&la grainy /apple struggle /a!"' free /a!"!&)e thankfulness /a!&"!#&' unwarranted, uncalled for /a!&"!, tip /a-a+e( the essential part of an accusation /a-"!, seriousness /e/a"#&' sociable /"e-#&' tragic, heinous /"+ace expression of disgust or pain /"'l, gruesome /#-el crawl, obey, beg /&)/"(/ reluctant /&66a9 laughter /&"le deceit /&ll"$le easily deceived /&'!# great en"oyment /&!!&al throaty /,a!e whirl H *a$"!a! natural environment *a$"!&a!e accustom *ac%(e,e) trite *a//a) gaunt *alc,#( serene *ale healthy *all&c"(a!"#( delusion *a+pe obstruct *aple'' unlucky *aa(/&e tirade *aa'' torment *a$"(/e forerunner *a$# give shelter, conceal *a), healthy *ale0&"( clown *ap complain incessantly *a")a( hag *a#9"(/ distressing *a, harass *a&/*!, arrogant *a-e( refuge *a-#c destruction, chaos *ea'a, gossip *e)#("'+ the pursuit of pleasure in life *ee) follow advice *ee)le'' careless *e/e+#(, authority, domination *e/"a a "ourney to a more pleasant place *e"(#&' vile, atrocious *el"#ce(!"c having the sun as a center *el"7 a spiral *el#!' slaves *eal) harbinger *e$"-##&' feeding on plants Hec&lea( powerful, large *e+e!"c airtight, sealed *e+"! one who lives in solitude *epe!#l#/"'! one who studies reptiles *e!e#)#7 departing form established doctrines *e&"'!"c teaching device or method *e9 cut *e,)a, glory days, prime *"a!&' interruption *"$e(al wintry *")al/# nobleman *")e$#&() pre"udiced, provincial *")e#&' horrible *"e to hasten *"/*$#9 intellectual *"'&!e bearded *"'!"#("c overly dramatic *#l#/ap* written entirely by hand *#+a/e respect *#+el, plain *#+"l, sermon *#+#/e(e#&' uniform *#+#(,+ words that are identical in spelling and pronunciation *#(e sharpen *#)e group *#!a!#, inspiring good deeds *#'p"ce shelter *#-el shanty, cabin *#,)e( tomboy *&$"' arrogance *&e color *&+a(e compassionate *&+a("!"e' languages and literature *&+"l"!, humbleness *&++#c% knoll, mound *&+&' soil *&'$a(), management *,$") crossbreed *,)#p*#$"a fear of water *,/"e("c sanitary *,+e(eal pertaining to marriage *,+( religious song *,peac!"-e overactive *,pe$#le exaggeration *,pe!e('"#( elevated blood pressure *,p#c"!"cal deceiving, twofaced *,p#/l,ce+"c low blood sugar *,p#!*e+"a low body temperature I "$")e+ in the same place "c*!*,#l#/, study of fish "c#(#cla'! one who rails against sacred institutions ")"#',(ca', peculiarity "),ll"c natural, picturesque "/(#$le dishonorable "l% class, clan "ll"c"! unlawful "ll"+"!a$le limitless "ll&'#, fleeting, deceptive "ll&'!"#&' famous "+$"$e drink "+$&e infuse "++ac&la!e spotlessly clean "++a!e"al irrelevant "++e('e huge 2&"3 15 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. =<'6:IO1E '. drink 5. =<IE#O@1 4. pertaining to marriage 7. !'8.9O6 . . arrogance $. !'<8EF@I6 :. pre"udiced ;. !E:O6I1( E. teaching device or method >. !E@<I1TI. ) . the pursuit of pleasure in life ?. !I:E4O@6: =. clown A. !@4<I1 !. serene 2. !9(E6E'8 I. heinous 3%. I(4I4E B. impressive "++e'e bathe, engross "++"(e(! about to happen "++#$"le still "++#la!e sacrifice ,especially by fire- "++&("!, exemption from prosecution "++&e build a wall around "++&!a$le unchangeable, absolute "+pa" in"ure "+pale pierce "+pa!"al not biased "+pa''e deadlock "+pa''"#(e) fiery, emotional "+pa''"-e calm "+peac* accuse, charge "+pecca$le faultless "+pec&("#&' indigent "+pe)e hinder "+pe)"+e(! obstacle "+pel urge, force "+pe()"(/ approaching, imminent "+pea!"-e vital, pressing "+pecep!"$le slight, intangible "+pe"al"'+ colonialism "+pe"l endanger "+pe"#&' domineering "+pe!"(e(! insolent "+pe!&$a$le calm, unflappable "+pe-"#&' impenetrable, unreceptive "+pe!&#&' impulsive "+pe!&' stimulus, spark "+p"(/e encroach, touch "+pla(! instill "+pla&'"$le unlikely, improbable "+ple+e(! carry out, execute "+pl"ca!e incriminate "+pl"c"! implied "+pl#e entreat "+pl#'"#( bursting inward "+p#l"!"c unwise, inappropriate "+p#()ea$le difficult to estimate "+p#! meaning, significance "+p#!&(e urgent request "+p#'"(/ intimidating, stately "+p#'"!"#( intrusion, burden "+p#!e(! powerless "+p#&() sei/e "+peca!"#( curse, inculcate "+pe/(a$le invincible "+pe'a"# promoter "+pe''"#(a$le susceptible, easily influenced "+pe''"#("'+ a style of painting "+p"+a!& sanction "+p#+p!& spontaneous "+p#-"'e invent "+p&)e(ce insolence "+p&/( critici/e, accuse "+p&l'e inclination, sudden desire "+p&l'"-e to act suddenly "+p&("!, exemption from harm "+p&!e charge "( !#!# in full, entirely "(a)-e!e(! unintentional "(a)-"'a$le not recommended "(al"e(a$le that which cannot be taken away "(a(e vacuous, stupid "(a("+a!e inorganic, lifeless "(a&)"$le cannot be heard "(a&/&a!e induct ,with a ceremony- "($#( innate "(calc&la$le immeasurable "(ca()e'ce(! brilliant "(ca(!a!"#( chant "(capac"!a!e disable "(cacea!e imprison "(ca(a!e embody, personify "(ce()"a, inflammatory "(ce('e enrage "(ce(!"-e stimulus, inducement "(ce''a(! unceasing "(ce'! sex among family members "(c*#a!e "ust begun "(c")e(!al insignificant, minor "(c"(ea!e burn "(c"p"e(! beginning "(c"'"#( cut "(c"'"-e keen, penetrating "(c"!e foment, provoke "(c"-"l"!, rudeness "(cle+e(! harsh, stormy "(cl&'"-e comprehensive "(c#/("!# disguised "(c#++&("ca)# unable to communicate with others "(c#+paa$le peerless "(c#+pa!"$"l"!, inability to live in harmony 2&"3 1> 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. '6'<.!9 0 =O#E<6(E6T 00 ,'- confederation 0 state ,4- trepidation 0 courage ,.- serenity 0 equanimity ,:- surfeit 0 food ,E- computer 0 harddrive 5. =alvani/e 0 .harismatic 8eader 00 ,'- "eer 0 fan ,4- correct 0 charlatan ,.- impeach 0 Eresident ,:- retreat 0 champion ,E- moderate 0 arbiter 7. E'<<9 0 48O& 00 ,'- equivocate 0 question ,4- cower 0 start ,.- boomerang 0 backlash ,:- cast 0 invective ,E- browbeat 0 chastity $. :I1F@IET@:E 0 '6GIO@1 00 ,'- magnitude 0 unabridged ,4- isolation 0 sequestered ,.- cupidity 0 bellicose ,:- embellishment 0 overstated ,E- nonplus 0 perplexed ;. (I8H 0 :<'I6 00 ,'- insult 0 commend ,4- abstract 0 distend ,.- extend 0 disregard ,:- exploit 0 employ ,E- assail 0 rescind >. '41T<@1E 0 .8E'< 00 ,'- nondescript 0 conspicuous ,4- highbrow 0 indifferent ,.- affable 0 agreeable ,:- prominent 0 manifest ,E- complex 0 hard ?. O(6I1.IE6T 0 H6O&8E:=E 00 ,'- saturnine 0 energy ,4- complete 0 retraction ,.- principled 0 method ,:- inquisitive 0 science ,E- boundless 0 expanse A. 1TOHE 0 1(OT!E< 00 ,'- incinerate 0 heat ,4- animate 0 enervate ,.- contest 0 decry ,:- acknowledge 0 apprehend ,E- garrote 0 asphyxiate 2. O<.!E1T<' 0 (@1I.I'6 00 ,'- story 0 comedian ,4- band 0 singer ,.- garden 0 leaf ,:- troupe 0 actor ,E- government 0 lawyer 3%. (@TTE< 0 I6:I1TI6.T 00 ,'- define 0 easy ,4- blunder 0 polished ,.- articulate 0 wellspoken ,:- expedite 0 completed ,E- censure 0 histrionic "(c#(ce"-a$le unthinkable "(c#(/&#&' out of place, absurd "(c#('")ea!e thoughtless, insensitive "(c#('p"c&#&' not noticeable "(c#(!#-e!"$le indisputable "(c#p#a!e combine "(c#"/"$le unreformable "(ce)&l#&' skeptical "(ce+e(! step, increase "(c"+"(a!e accuse "(c&$&' nightmare "(c&lca!e instill, indoctrinate "(c&lpa!e accuse "(c&+$e(! obligatory "(c&'"#( raid "()ece(! offensive, lewd "()ec##&' unseemly "()el"$le permanent "()e+("!, insurance "()"c! charge "()"66ee(! unconcerned "()"/e(#&' native "()"/e(! poor "()"/(a(! resentment of in"ustice "()"'cee! lacking sound "udgment, rash "()"'c"+"(a!e random "()"'pe('a$le vital, essential "()"'!"(c! blurry, without clear features "()#le(! la/y "()#+"!a$le invincible "()&$"!a$le unquestionable "()&ce persuade, provoke "()&l/e succumb to desire "()&a!e harden "()&'!"#&' hardworking "(e$"a!e intoxicate "(e66a$le inexpressible "(e66ec!&al futile "(el&c!a$le inescapable "(ep! unfit, incompetent "(e! inactive "(e'!"+a$le priceless, immeasurable "(e-"!a$le unavoidable, predestined "(e7#a$le relentless "(6all"$le unerring "(6a+#&' notorious "(6a+, shame "(6a(!, foot soldiers "(6a!&a!e immature love "(6e conclude "(6e(al hellish "(6")el nonbeliever "(6")el"!, disloyalty "(6"l!a!e trespass "(6"("!e'"+al very small "(6"+a, clinic "(6"+"!, ailment "(6la++a!#, incendiary "(6l&7 inflow "(6ac!"#( violation "(6"(/e encroach "(6&"a!e enrage "(6&'e inspire, instill "(/e("#&' clever, resourceful "(/a!e ungrateful person "(/a!"a!e pleasing, flattering, endearing "(/e'' entering "(*ee(! innate, inborn "(*"$"! restrain "("+"cal adverse, hostile "("+"!a$le peerless "("0&"!#&' un"ust, wicked "("0&"!, sin, in"ustice "("!"a!e begi n "("!"a!"#( induction ceremony "(.&(c!"#( command "(%l"(/ hi nt "((a!e inborn "((e-a!e invigorate "((#c&#&' harmless "((#-a!"-e new, useful idea "((&e()# insinuation "(#pp#!&(e untimely "(#)"(a!e excessive "(0&e'! investigation "(0&"'"!"#( interrogation "(0&"'"!"-e curious "('a!"a$le gluttonous "('c"$e engrave "('c&!a$le cannot be fully understood "('e('a!e without feeling "('")"#&' treacherous, sinister "('"/("a emblems "('"(&a!e allude "('"p") flat, dull "('#le(! insulting "('#l-e(! bankrupt "('#&c"a(! nonchalant "('!all+e(! portion, payment "('!a(! at once "('!"/a!e incite "('&$#)"(a!e disobedient "('&66ea$le unbearable "('&la narrowminded "('&pea$le insurmountable "('&/e(! rebellious "('&ec!"#( uprising "(!a(/"$le not perceptible by touch "(!e/al essential "(!e/a!e make whole "(!e/a!"#( unification "(!e/&+e(! a covering "(!ell"/e(!'"a the intellectual elite of society "(!e('"-e extreme, concentrated "(!e bury "(!ece)e plead on behalf of another "(!ecep! prevent, cut off "(!e)"c! prohibit "(!e.ec! interrupt 2&"3 17 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. I6.O6=<@O@1 '. harden 5. I6.O61EI.@O@1 4. relentless 7. I6:E.O<O@1 . . hostile $. I6:I=6'6T :. cannot be fully understood ;. I6:@<'TE E. out of place, absurd >. I6EGO<'48E ) . not noticeable ?. I6I(I.'8 =. unseemly A. I61.<@T'48E !. resentment of in"ustice 2. I61O@.I'6T I. nonchalant 3%. I61@EE<'48E B. insurmountable "(!el#pe intruder "(!el&)e intermission "(!e+"(a$le unending "(!e(ec"(e mutually destructive "(!ep#la!e insert "(!ep#'e insert "(!ee/(&+ interval between two successive reigns "(!e#/a!e question "(!e'pe'e scatter "(!e'!a!e between states "(!e-e(e interfere, mediate "(!e'!a!e leaving no will "(!"+a!e allude to, hint "(!ac!a$le unmanageable "(!a('"/e(! unyielding "(!ep") fearless "(!"ca!e complex "(!"/&e plot, mystery "(!"('"c inherent "(!#'pec!"#( selfanalysis "(&()a!e flood "(&e accustom, habituate, harden "(-al")a!e disprove, nullify "(-ec!"-e verbal insult "(-e"/* to rail against "(-e"/le lure, wheedle "(-e(!"-e cleaver, resourceful "(-e'e directly opposite "(-e!ea!e habitual, chronic "(-")"#&' incurring illwill "(-"(c"$le cannot be defeated "(-"#la!e sacred, unchangeable "(-#ca!"#( calling on =od "a'c"$le irritable "a!e angry "#("c oddly contrary to what is expected "a!"#(al illogical "ele-a(! unrelated, immaterial "epaa$le cannot be repaired "e'#l&!e hesitant, uncertain "e-#ca$le cannot be rescinded "'#'cele' having two equal sides "!"(ea(! wandering "!"(ea, route C .a$$e9#c%, nonsense .a)e) spent, bored with oneCs situation .a/#( speciali/ed vocabulary .a&()"ce) biased, embittered .ee mock .e.&(e barren, unsophisticated .e'! "oke ."l! re"ect, end a relationship promptly ."(/#"'!"c nationalistic, warmongering .#c&la humorous .#'!le push, brush against .#&(e,+a( reliable worker .#&'! combat between knights on horses .&$"la(! in high spirits .&)"c"#&' prudent .&//e(a&! unstoppable force .&/&la throat .&(c!&e pivotal point in time .&(#e'0&e stately beauty .&(!a small ruling group .&"')"c!"#( domain .&"'p&)e(ce law .&'!"6, excuse, mitigate .&-e(e'ce(! making young, growing out of infancy and into childhood .&7!ap#'e to place side by side K %ale")#'c#pe series of changing events %ee( of sharp mind %e( purview, range of comprehension %"()le arouse, inspire %"()e) similar, related by blood %"(e!"c pertaining to motion %"'+e! fate, the will of 'llah %"!e bad check %"!'c* trashy art %lep!#+a("a impulse to steal %(a-e con man %(ea) massage, to fold, press, and stretch a substance into a uniform mass %(ell sound of a bell K#a( holy book of Islam %#9!#9 behave obsequiously %&)#' acclaim L la$,"(!* ma/e lacea!e tear, cut 2&"3 1@ 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. 8OF@'.IO@1 0 ='<<@8O@1 00 ,'- harsh 0 kindly ,4- animate 0 weary ,.- gluttonous 0 disloyal ,:- rash 0 impetuous ,E- blithe 0 gloomy 5. E(E'T!9 0 )EE8I6= 00 ,'- melancholy 0 "oy ,4- sibling 0 relative ,.- 1partan 0 wickedness ,:- boldness 0 guilt ,E- institution 0 encouragement 7. :E#I'TE 0 8E.T@<E 00 ,'- broadcast 0 information ,4- disown 0 friend ,.- welcome0 indifference ,:- entreat 0 solicitation ,E- meander 0 drive $. 6E4@8O@1 0 )O<( 00 ,'- insincere 0 misanthrope ,4- benevolent 0 excellence ,.- insipid 0 taste ,:- discerning 0 hope ,E- composed 0 innocence ;. EE61I#E 0 (E8'6.!O89 00 ,'- scornful 0 contempt ,4- confident 0 victory ,.- eloquent 0 optimism ,:- sorrowful 0 indifference ,E- contumacious 0 esteem >. '6'T!E(' 0 .@<1E 00 ,'- hex 0 blessing ,4- admonition 0 censure ,.- incantation 0 discernment ,:- theory 0 calculation ,E- con"ecture 0 truth ?. :I8I=E6T 0 '11I:@O@1 00 ,'- suspicious 0 reliable ,4- cautious 0 indecisive ,.- repentant 0 innocent ,:- peerless 0 common ,E- indigent 0 poor A. 8'(EOO6 0 (O.H00 ,'- exalt 0 ennoble ,4- entice 0 disown ,.- prattle 0 talk ,:- entreat 0 controvert ,E- debate 0 heckle 2. I6T@ITI#E 0 .O61I:E<E: 00 ,'- impromptu 0 planning ,4- laborious 0 safe ,.- ethereal 0 light ,:- random 0 sequential ,E- rational 0 certain 3%. ETE<6'8 0 EE!E(E<'8 00 ,'- equivocal 0 ambiguous ,4- hopeless 0 chance ,.- animated 0 blithe ,:- mysterious 0 perplexing ,E- foreign 0 familiar lac*,+#'e tearful lac%e, servant lac#("c brief, terse lac!"c derived from milk lac&(a a missing part, gap la//a) loafer, slacker la/("appe bonus la"!, laymen la+$e(! softly radiant la+e(! mourn la+"(a layer la+p##( satiri/e la(/&"'* weaken la(,a) short rope lace(, theft la/e'' generous donation la'c"-"#&' lustful la''"!&)e lethargy la!e(! potential, dormant la&)a!#, commendable la&el' fame, success la-e wash la-"'* extravagant la7 loose, careless la7"!, carelessness la,+a( nonprofessional lec!e( reading desk lee, cautious, doubtful le/ac, bequest le/e)e+a"( trickery le/"$le readable le/"'la!e make laws le/"!"+a!e lawful le("e(! forgiving le!*a/"c drowsy, sluggish le-ee embankment, dam le-"a!*a( a monster le-"!, frivolity l"a$le legally responsible l"a"'#( relationship, affair l"$e!a"a( one who believes in complete freedom l"$e!"(e rouD, rake l"$")"(#&' lustful l"ce(!"#&' lewd, immoral l"e( financial claim l"e&!e(a(! one who acts in place of another l"/a!&e bond l"/(e#&' woodlike L"ll"p&!"a( very small l"+e"c% poem l"+( portray, describe l"+p") transparent, clearly understood l"(c*p"( something that is indispensable l"(ea/e ancestry l"(/&"'!"c' study of language l"0&")a!e eliminate l"''#+e agile, supple l"'!le'' lacking spirit or interest l"!a(, list l"!*e supple l"!"/a!e contest with a lawsuit l"!#!e' two negative statement that cancel to make a positive statement l"!&/, ceremony l"-") enraged l#a!* reluctant l#a!*e abhor, dislike l#6!, high l#/"'!"c' means of supplying troops l#/# symbol l#/, sluggish l#0&ac"#&' talkative l#!*a"# rake, womani/er l#&! goon, hoodlum l&c") clearly understood l&ca!"-e profitable l&ce money, profit l&)"c#&' absurd l&/&$"#&' extremely sad l&+"(#&' bright l&p"(e wolflike l&e entice l&") ghastly, sensational l&'!e gloss,sheen l&7&"a(! lush, lavish l,(c* to execute by hanging without a trial M +aca$e gruesome Mac*"a-ell"a( politically crafty, cunning +ac*"(a!"#( plot +ac#$"#'"' longevity +ac#'c#p"c visibly large +ael'!#+ whirlpool +a/"'!e"al arbitrary, dictatorial +a/(a("+#&' generous, kindhearted +a/(a!e a powerful, successful person ,especially of business- +a/("!&)e si/e +a/(&+ #p&' masterpiece +a"+ in"ure, disfigure +ala).&'!e) disturbed +ala)#"! clumsy +ala), illness +ala"'e uneasiness, weariness +alap#p"'+ comical misuse of a word +alc#(!e(! one who is forever dissatisfied +ale)"c!"#( curse +ale6ac!# evildoer +ale-#le(ce bad intent, malice +al6ea'a(ce wrong doing ,especially by an official of government- +al"ce spite +al"/( defame +al"/(a(! virulent, pernicious +al"(/e shirk +allea$le moldable, tractable 2&"3 1A 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. 8'.!<9(O1E '. trickery 5. 8'=='<: 4. rouD 7. 8'1.I#IO@1 . . very small $. 8E=E<:E('I6 :. tearful ;. 8I4E<TI6E E. loafer >. 8I88IE@TI'6 ) . lustful ?. 8OF@'.IO@1 =. talkative A. ('.!I'#E88I'6 !. comical misuse of a word 2. ('=I1TE<I'8 I. arbitrary, dictatorial 3%. ('8'E<OEI1( B. politically crafty, cunning +al#)##&' fetid +a++#!* huge +a(acle shackle +a()a!e command +a()a!#, obligatory +a()"ll baboon +a("a madness, obsession +a("6e'! obvious, evident +a("6e'!# proclamation +a("6#l) multiple, diverse +a('la&/*!e killing another person without malice +a(&+"! set free +a(&'c"p! unpublished book +a damage +aa&)e plunderer +a/"(al insignificant +a"#(e!!e puppet +a##( abandon +a'*al array, mobili/e +a!"al warlike +a!"(e! disciplinarian +a!, sacrifice, symbol +a'#c*"'! one who en"oys pain +a'!"ca!e chew +a'!"66 large dog +a'!#)#( extinct elephant +a!e(al motherly +a!e("!, motherhood +a!"ac* matron +a!"c&la!e enroll ,usually in school- +a!"7 array +a!&!"(al early, morning +a&)l"( weepy, sentimental +a&l rough up +a&'#le&+ tomb +a-e"c% a rebel, individualist +a9%"'* sickeningly sentimental +a,*e+ mutilation, chaos +ea c&lpa my fault +ea/e scanty +ea()e roam, ramble +e)"a( middle +e)"#ce average +e)le, mixture +e/al"!* ancient stone monument +ela(c*#l, reflective, gloomy +elee riot +ell"6l&#&' sweet sounding +el#)"#&' melodic +e+e(!# souvenir +e+#" autobiography +e+#a$"l"a things worth remembering +e+#a()&+ note +e(a/e"e /oo +e()ac"!, untruth +e()"ca(! beggar +e("al humble, degrading +e(!# teacher +eca(!"le commercial +ece(a, calculating, venal +ec&"al changeable, volatile +e!a+#p*#'"' a change in form +e!e distribute +e!e#"c swift, da//ling +e!e##l#/, science of weather +e!*#)"cal systematic, careful +e!"c&l#&' extremely careful, precise +e!"e occupation +e!#(,+, the substitution of a phrase for the name itself +e!!le courage, capacity for bravery +"a'+a toxin fumes +"e( appearance, bearing +"/a!e travel +"l"e& environment +"l"!a(! combative, activist +"l"!a!e work against +"l% extract +"lle(("&+ thousandyear period +"(a!#, threatening +"(ce chop, moderate +"("#( subordinate +"('!el troubadour +"(&'c&le smal l +"(&!e very small +"(&!"ae trivia +"a/e illusion +"e marsh, a situation that is difficult to escape from +"!* "ollity +"'a(!*#pe hater of mankind +"'app#p"a!"#( use dishonestly +"'$e/#!!e( illegitimate, obtained by dishonest means +"'ca, abort +"'ce/e(a!"#( intermarriage between races 2&"3 80 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. 1EEE.! 0 )I8I4@1TE< 00 ,'- race 0 marathon ,4- gift 0 breach ,.- statement 0 digression ,:- detour 0 path ,E- address 0 postage 5. '<I1TO.<'T 0 8'6: 00 ,'- bureaucracy 0 enslavement ,4- monarchy 0 abnegation ,.- gentry 0 talent ,:- dignitary 0 rank ,E- "unta 0 anarchy 7. 1@<<EETITIO@1 0 1TE'8T! 00 ,'- clandestine 0 openness ,4- guarded 0 effrontery ,.- bombastic 0 irreverence ,:- pernicious 0 bane ,E- impertinent 0 humility $. EE..':I88O 0 )8'& 00 ,'- mediator 0 dispute ,4- grammar 0 error ,.- nick 0 score ,:- forensics 0 "udiciary ,E- invasion 0 putsch ;. 8E#EE 0 <I#E< 00 ,'- rampart 0 barrier ,4- cordon 0 throng ,.- broker 0 investment ,:- promontory 0 height ,E- string 0 guitar >. !E:O6I1T 0 @61TI6TI6= 00 ,'- protagonist 0 insignificant ,4- thug 0 aggressive ,.- politician 0 irresolute ,:- benefactor 0 generous ,E- drunkard 0 manifest ?. EG.E<ET 0 6O#E8 00 ,'- critique 0 play ,4- review 0 manuscript ,.- swatch 0 cloth ,:- foreword 0 preface ,E- recital 0 performance A. EGO<.I1( 0 :E(O6 00 ,'- matriculation 0 induction ,4- banishment 0 member ,.- qualm 0 angel ,:- heuristic 0 method ,E- manifesto 0 spirit 2. !OEE 0 .96I.'8 00 ,'- reticence 0 benevolent ,4- contention 0 bellicose ,.- bliss 0 sullen ,:- homage 0 industrious ,E- unconcern 0 indifferent 3%. Exhibitionist 0 'ttention 00 ,'- sycophant 0 turmoil ,4- scientist 0 power ,.- megalomaniac 0 solitude ,:- martyr 0 anonymity ,E- mercenary 0 money +"'cella(, mixture of items +"'c#('!&e misinterpret +"'cea(! evildoer +"'/"-"(/ doubt, hesitation +"'(#+e wrongly named +"'#/,(, hatred of women +"''*ape( deformed +"''"-e letter +"!"/a!e lessen the severity +(e+#("c' that which aids the memory +#$"l"3e assemble for action +#$#cac, rule by mob +#)"c&+ pittance +#)"'* chic +#)&le unit +#/&l powerful person +#le'! bother, sexually assault +#ll"6, appease +#l!e( melted +#+e(!#&' of great importance +#(#cle eyeglass +#(#l"!*"c large and uniform +#(#l#/&e long speech +#('!#'"!, distorted, abnormal form +##! disputable, no longer relevant +#al ethical +#ale spirit, confidence +#a'' swamp, difficult situation +#a!#"&+ postponement +#)a(! biting, sarcastic +#e' moral standards +#"$&() near death +##'e sullen +#p*"(e painkilling drug +#'el bite, piece +#!"6, humiliate +#'0&e temple +#!e speck +#!"6 artistic theme +#!"-e reason for doing something +#!le, diverse +#!!le) spotted +#!!# slogan, saying +#&(!e$a(% charlatan +#&', drab, colorless +&c%a%e reformer +&66le stifle, quiet +&lc! defraud +&l!"6a"#&' diverse, manysided +&l!"!&)e throng +&()a(e ordinary +&("6"ce(! generous +&+& mutter, mumble +&'e ponder +&'!e to gather oneCs forces +&!a$"l"!, able to change +&!e silent +&!"la!e mai m +&!"(, rebellion +&!!e murmur, grumble +&33le restrain, stifle +,#p"c narrowminded +,"a) innumerable +,+")#(' loyal followers +,'!"0&e mystery, aura +,!*"cal fictitious N (a)" lowest point (ac"''"'+ selflove (aa!e tell, recount (a'ce(! incipient (a!al related to birth (a!"-"!, the process of birth (a!&al"3e grant citi/enship (eDe1)#19ell loafer, idler (e$&l#&' indistinct (ec#+a(c, sorcery (e6a"#&' evil (e/a!e cancel (e/l"/"$le insignificant (e+e'"' implacable foe (e#l#/"'+ newly coined expression (e#(a!al newborn (e#p*,!e beginner (ep#!"'+ favoritism (e-, brash (e!*e under (e!!le irritate (e&#!"c disturbed (e&!al"3e offset, nullify (e7&' a link between two or more people or things ("ce!, euphemism ("c*e nook, an activity that well suits a personCs talents ("//a)l, stingy ("+$le spry ("-a(a bliss, the attainment of spiritual enlightenment (#c!a+$&l"'+ sleepwalking (#c!&(al pertaining to night (#c!&(e serenade (#"'#+e harmful, disgusting (#+a) wanderer (#+e(cla!&e terminology (#+"(al slight, in name only (#+"(a!e propose, recommend somebody for a position (#+"(ee candidate (#(c*ala(! casual (#(c#++"!!al neutral, circumspect (#()e'c"p! lacking distinctive features (#(e(!"!, person of no significance (#(e'&c* paragon, one in a thousand (#(pae"l unequaled, peerless (#(pa!"'a( neutral, uncommitted (#(pl&' confound, befuddle (#!a$le remarkable, noteworthy (#!e) famous (#!#"#&' wicked, widely known (#&-ea& "c*e newly rich 2&"3 81 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. (I1.E88'69 '. peerless 5. (I11I#E 4. to gather oneCs forces 7. (OOT . . newly coined expression $. (O@6TE4'6H :. selflove ;. (@8TI)'<IO@1 E. loyal followers >. (@1TE< ) . letter ?. (9<(I:O61 =. diverse A. 6'<.I11I1( !. charlatan 2. 6EO8O=I1( I. disputable 3%. 6O6E'<EI8 B. mixture of items (#-a bright star (#-el new, unique (#-"ce beginner (#7"#&' toxic (&a(ce shade, subtlety (&$ crux, crucial point (&$"le marriageable (&/a!#, useless, worthless (&"'a(ce annoyance (&ll"6, void (&ll"!, nothingness (&+"'+a!"c' coin collecting (&!&e nourish, foster (,+p* goddess O #a6 awkward person #$)&a!e unyielding, hardhearted #$e"'a(ce homage, deference #$el"'% tall column, monument #$e'e fat #$6&'ca!e bewilder, muddle #$"!&a, eulogy #$.ec!"-e ,ad".- unbiased #$.ec!"-e ,noun- goal #$.ec!"-"!, impartiality #$la!"#( offering, sacrifice #$l"/a!#, required, compulsory #$l"/e compel #$l"/"(/ accommodating, considerate #$l"0&e indirect #$l"0&"!, perversity #$l"!ea!e destroy #$l#(/ elliptical, oval #$l#0&, slander #$'c&e vague, unclear #$'e0&"#&' fawning, servile #$'e0&, funeral ceremony #$'e-a(! watchful #$'#le!e outdated #$'!"(a!e stubborn #$'!epe#&' noisy, unruly #$!a"( gain possession #$!&'"-e forward, meddlesome #$!&'e stupid #$-"a!e make unnecessary Occ")e(! the &est #ccl&)e block #cc&l! mystical, secret, relating to the supernatural or witchcraft #c!#/e(a"a( person in her eighties #c&la optic, visual #)e poem #)"#&' despicable #)#"6e#&' pleasant odor #),''e, "ourney #66al inedible parts of a butchered animal #66e!#, church collection #66"c"a!e supervise #66"c"#&' forward, obtrusive #66'e! counterbalance #/le flirt #/e monster, demon #lea/"(#&' oily #l"/ac*, aristocracy #l"# medley #+"(#&' threatening #+("$&' collection, compilation #+("p#!e(! allpowerful #+("'c"e(! allknowing #(e#&' burdensome #('la&/*! powerful attack #(!#l#/, the study of the nature of existence #(&' burden #pa0&e nontransparent #pea!"-e working #pee!!a musical comedy #p"a!e narcotic #p"(e think, express an opinion #pp#!&(e welltimed, appropriate #ppe'' persecute #ppe''"-e burdensome #pp#$"#&' abusive, scornful #pp#$"&+ disgrace #pp&/( assail #p! decide, choose #p!"+&+ best condition #p!"#(al elective #p&le(ce wealth #p&' literary work or musical composition #acle prophet #a!"#( speech #a!# speaker #$ sphere #c*e'!a!e organi/e #)a"( appoint 2&"3 88 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. E'<'=<'E! 0 E11'9 00 ,'- trailer 0 automobile ,4- query 0 question ,.- instrument 0 surgery ,:- penmanship 0 essay ,E- shot 0 salvo 5. .O(EO@6: 0 4@I8:I6= 00 ,'- classroom 0 campus ,4- department 0 government ,.- tapestry 0 fabric ,:- seed 0 vegetable ,E- commonwealth 0 country 7. .O61TE88'TIO6 0 1T'<1 00 ,'- amplifier 0 hearing ,4- ocean 0 water ,.- mosaic 0 tile ,:- tracks 0 train ,E- book 0 paper $. '..E8E<'TE 0 #E8O.IT9 00 ,'- relinquish 0 assets ,4- energi/e 0 stamina ,.- protect 0 parent ,:- pro"ect 0 futility ,E- educate 0 stupor ;. 1I:E<E'8 0 1T'<1 00 ,'- platonic 0 radiation ,4- avian 0 fish ,.- corporeal 0 heaven ,:- heliocentric 0 transportation ,E- terrestrial 0 Earth >. 1T'TE 0 .O6)E:E<'.9 00 ,'- apple 0 tree ,4- return address 0 envelope ,.- binoculars 0 sight ,:- velocity 0 acceleration ,E- soldier 0 army ?. !E8E)@8 0 O))I.IO@1 00 ,'- difficult 0 incorrigible ,4- maudlin 0 sardonic ,.- apathetic 0 /ealous ,:- true 0 contrary ,E- friendly 0 amiable A. 1'T@<'TE 0 :'(EE6 00 ,'- contaminate 0 pollute ,4- besmirch 0 sully ,.- extol 0 praise ,:- waive 0 donate ,E- pronounce 0 presume 2. &'98'9 0 ':#'6.E(E6T 00 ,'- corroborate 0 testimony ,4- amuse 0 "eopardy ,.- condescend 0 fren/y ,:- curb 0 movement ,E- negotiate 0 defeat 3%. (ITI='TE 0 I6B@<9 00 ,'- exacerbate 0 recovery ,4- palliate 0 accusation ,.- dampen 0 enthusiasm ,:- darken 0 obscurity ,E- entreat 0 ultimatum #)el, neat, arranged #)"(a(ce law #)(a(ce artillery #"e(! align, familiari/e #"'#( prayer #(a!e lavishly decorated #("!*#l#/, study of birds #!*#)#7 conventional #'c"lla!e waver, swing #''"6, harden #'!e('"$le apparent, seeming #'!e(!a!"#&' pretentious #'!ac"3e banish, shun #!*e9#l)l, spiritual #!"#'e idl e #&'!e e"ection #&!+#)e) outofdate #&!; eccentric #&!'e! beginning #-a!"#( applause #-e&le disallow #-e!&e advance, proposal #-e9ee("(/ arrogant, forward #-e9*el+ overpower #-e9#&/*! overworked, high strung #-&+ egg, cell E pac*,)e+ elephant pac"6"'! one who opposes all violence pac"6, appease pac! agreement paea( a song of praise pa/a( heathen, ungodly pa/e attendant pa/ea(! exhibition, show pa"(' great effort, attention to detail pa"('!a%"(/ taking great care, thorough pala!"al grand, splendid pala-e babble, nonsense Eale#l"!*"c stone age pale#(!#l#/"'! one who studies fossils pall to become dull or weary pall"a!e assuage pall") pale, sallow palpa$le touchable palp"!a!e beat, throb pal', paralysis pal!, scarce pa( critici/e pa(acea cureall pa(ac*e flamboyance pa()e+"c widespread, plague pa()e+#("&+ din, commotion pa()e cater to peopleCs baser instincts pa(e/,"c praise pa(/ short sharp pain pa(#pl, full suit of armor pa(#a+a vista pa(! gasp, puff pa(!#+"+e mi me pa(!, storeroom pap,&' paper paa$le allegory paa)"/+ a model paa/#( standard of excellence paa+e!e limit paa+#&(! chief, foremost paa+#& lover paa(#") obsessively suspicious, demented paa(#+al supernatural paape! rampart, defense paap*e(al"a equipment paap*a'e restatement pacel package pac*+e(! paper pae peel pae(!*e!"cal in parentheses pa"a* outcast pa"'* fold, church pa"!, equality pala(ce local speech pala, increase pale, conference pa#c*"al provincial pa#), imitation, ridicule pa#le release pa#7,'+ outburst, convulsion pa#! mimic pa, avert, ward off pa'"+#("#&' stingy pa'#( clergyman pa!a%e share, receive, consume pa!"al incomplete pa!"al"!, bias pa!"(/ farewell, severance pa!"'a( supporter pa!"!"#( division pa-e(& newcomer, social climber pa'0&"(a)e satire pa''; outmoded pa''"+ here and there pa'!el pale pa'!e&"3e disinfect pa'!#al rustic pa!e(! obvious pa!e(al fatherly pa!*e!"c pitiful pa!*#/e( agent causing disease pa!*#/e("c causing disease pa!*#' emotion pa!"c"a( aristocrat pa!"+#(, inheritance pa!#("3e condescend pa!#(,+"c a name formed form the name of a father pa!!e walk lightly pa&c"!, scarcity 2&"3 83 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. O<:6'6.E '. a model 5. O<T!O:OG 4. local speech 7. O@T(O:E: . . convulsion $. E'8'#E< :. stingy ;. E'6E=9<I. E. agent causing disease >. E'<':I=( ) . artillery ?. E'<8'6.E =. conventional A. E'<OG91( !. outofdate 2. E'<1I(O6IO@1 I. babble 3%. E'T!O=E6 B. praise pa&(c* stomach pa&pe poor person pa-"l"#( t ent pa9( ,noun- tool, stooge pa9( ,verb- pledge pa7 peace pea%e) wan, pale, haggard peal reverberation, outburst pecca)"ll# a minor fault pec&la!e embe//le pec&l"a unusual pec&l"a"!, characteristic pe)a/#/"cal pertaining to teaching pe)a/#/&e dull, formal teacher pe)a(! pedagogue pe)a(!"c bookish pe))le sell pe)e'!"a( common pe)"/ee genealogy peea/e aristocracy pee-"'* cranky pe.#a!"-e insulting pell1+ell in a confused manner pell&c") transparent pe( write pe(a(ce atonement pe(c*a(! inclination pe() depend, hang pe()"(/ not decided, awaiting pe("!e(! repentant pe('"-e sad pe(&"#&' stingy pe(&, poverty pe#( common worker pe 'e in itself pecep!"-e discerning pec#la!e oo/e, permeate pe)"!"#( damnation pee/"(a!"#( wandering pee+p!#, dictatorial pee(("al enduring, lasting pe6ec!"#("'! purist, precisionist pe6")"#&' treacherous ,of a person- pe6#a!e puncture pe6#ce by necessity pe6&(c!#, careless pe"/ee point nearest to the earth pe"l#&' dangerous pe"pa!e!"c walking about pe"p*e, outer boundary pe"'* die pe"'*a$le decomposable pe.&, lying pe+ea!e spread throughout pe+&!a!"#( reordering pe("c"#&' destructive, evil pe#a!"#( conclusion pepe()"c&la at right angles pepe!a!e commit pepe!&al continuous, everlasting pepe!&a!e cause to continue pepe!&"!, eternity peple7 pu//le, bewilder pe0&"'"!e reward, bonus pe'ec&!e harass pe'e-ee persist, endure pe'#(a social facade pe'#(a$le charming, friendly pe'#(a/e official, dignitary pe'#("6, embody, exemplify pe'#((el employees pe'p"cac"#&' keen pe'p"cac"!, discernment, keenness pe'&a'"-e convincing pe! flippant, bold pe!a"( to relate pe!"(ac"#&' persevering pe!"(e(! relevant pe!&$a!"#( agitation pe&'e read carefully pe-a)e permeate pe''"+"'! cynic, naysayer pe'!"le(ce disease pe!"!e smal l pe!"!"#( a written request pe!"6, calcify, shock pe!#l#/, study of rocks pe!!"6#//e unscrupulous lawyer pe!!, trivial, niggling pe!&la(! irritable, peevish p*a(!a'+ apparition p*e(#+e(a unusual natural events p*"la(!*#p"c charitable p*"la(!*#p"'! altruist p*"la!el"'! stamp collector p*"l"pp"c invective E*"l"'!"(e barbarian p*"l#'#p*"cal contemplative 2&"3 8: 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%3. 3. 1E.8@1IO6 0 !E<(IT 00 ,'- wealth0 embe//ler ,4- ambition 0 philanthropist ,.- domination 0 athlete ,:- turpitude 0 introvert ,E- in"ustice 0 lawyer 5. '1.ETI. 0 1E8):E6I'8 00 ,'- soldier 0 safety ,4- official 0 charity ,.- thug 0 acceptance ,:- benefactor 0 competition ,E- profligate 0 squandering 7. Ehilanthropist 0 'ltruism 00 ,'- authoritarian 0 indulgence ,4- polemicist 0 (arxist ,.- benefactor 0 heir ,:- pragmatist 0 hardliner ,E- libertarian 0 liberty $. <'.O6TE@< 0 '6E.:OTE 00 ,'- cynosure 0 interest ,4- politician 0 corruption ,.- athlete 0 perfection ,:- writer 0 publication ,E- nonentity 0 fame ;. E'TE6T 0 ('6I)E1T 00 ,'- credulous 0 gullible ,4- truculent 0 nonchalant ,.- lissome 0 spiritless ,:- covert 0 prolific ,E- cloyed 0 insufficient >. .E61O<IO@1 0 .O6:O6I6= 00 ,'- inattentive 0 neglectful ,4- cursory 0 inept ,.- defunct 0 exquisite ,:- perfunctory 0 thorough ,E- munificent 0 generous ?. E@<=E 0 OEEO6E6T 00 ,'- entrench 0 comrade ,4- elevate 0 criminal ,.- liquidate 0 politician ,:- desalini/e 0 salt ,E- assuage 0 reactionary A. I18'6: 0 'TO88 00 ,'- peninsula 0 archipelago ,4- fire 0 spring ,.- hand 0 glove ,:- utensil 0 fork ,E- smock 0 instrument 2. (6E(O6I. 0 (E(O<9 00 ,'- demonstration 0 manifestation ,4- pacemaker 0 heartbeat ,.- sanction 0 recall ,:- rhetoric 0 treatise ,E- impasse 0 fruition 3%. E'T 0 =O<=E 00 ,'- sprint 0 "og ,4- snicker 0 smirk ,.- read 0 write ,:- disengage 0 attack ,E- drink 0 gu//le p*le/+a!"c sluggish p*#$"a fear p*#e("7 rebirth p*,'"c laxative, cathartic p*,'"0&e frame, musculature p"cae'0&e roguish, adventurous p"ca,&(e trifling p"ece+eal one at a time p"e) mottled, brindled p"e!, devoutness p"l6e steal p"lla/e plunder p"ll#, punish by ridicule p"(e languish, to long for someone or something p"((acle highest point p"#&' devout, holy p"0&a(! tarttasting, spicy p"0&e sting, arouse interest p"'c"(e pertaining to fish p"!e#&' sorrowful, pathetic p"!*, concise p"!"a$le miserable, wretched p"!!a(ce alms, driblet p"!!a(ce trifle p"-#!al crucial p"7"la!e) eccentric, possessed placa) poster placa!e appease plac") serene pla/"a"3e pirate, counterfeit pla"(!"-e expressing sorrow pla!"!&)e trite remark pla!#("c nonsexual pla&)"! acclaim plea'a(!, banter, persiflage ple$e"a( common, vulgar ple$"'c"!e referendum ple(a, full ple(!"6&l abundant ple#(a'+ redundancy, verbosity ple!*#a overabundance pl"a$le flexible pl"a(! supple, flexible pl"/*! sad situation pl&c%, courageous pl&+$ measure pl&++e! sudden shart fall pl&!#ca! wealthy person pl&!#("&+ radioactive material p#ac* steal p#)/, fat p#)"&+ stand, rostrum p#/#+ massacre, mass murder p#"/(a(! pungent, sharp, heartbreaking p#le+"c a controversy p#l"!, methods of government p#l!##( dastard p#l,c*#+a!"c manycolored p#l,/a+"'! one who has many wives p#()e muse, reflect p#()e#&' heavy, bulky p#(!"66 bishop p#(!"6"ca!e to speak at length p##!##( coward p#c"(e piglike p##&' permeable, spongy p#")/e stew p#!e() signify, augur p#!e(! omen p#!l, large p#!+a(!ea& suitcase p#'"! stipulate p#'!e"# rear, subsequent p#'!e"!, future generations p#'!*a'!e hastily p#'!*&+#&' after death p#'!&la!e supposition, premise p#!e(! powerful p#!e(!a!e sovereign, king p#!"#( brew p#!p#&" medley p#!!e aimlessly busy pa/+a!"c practical pa!e babble pa!!le chatter pea+$le introduction peca"#&' dangerous, risky pece)e(! an act that serves as an example pecep! principle, law pec"(c! neighborhood pec"p"ce cliff pec"p"!a!e cause pec"p"!#&' steep p;c"' summary pec"'e accurate, detailed pecl&)e prevent pec#c"#&' more developed than is expected at a particular age pec#(cep!"#( pre"udgment, pre"udice pec&'# forerunner pe)ac"#&' plundering pe)ece''# one who proceeds pe)e'!"(e foreordain pe)"ca+e(! quandary pe)"ca!e to base an opinion on something pe)"lec!"#( inclination pe)"'p#'e) inclined pee+"(e(! supreme pee+p! commandeer pee( groom pe6a$"ca!e) readybuilt pe6ec! magistrate pe6ee(ce choice pe6e+e(! promotion pela!e primate, bishop pel"+"(a, introductory pel&)e introduction pe+e)"!a!e plan in advance pe+#("!"#( warning pe(a!al before birth 2&"3 85 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. E!OE6IG '. cliff 5. EI88O<9 4. inclination 7. EITT'6.E . . warning $. E8'@:IT :. acclaim ;. E8ET!O<' E. overabundance >. EO=<O( ) . after death ?. EO1T!@(O@1 =. massacre A. E<E.IEI.E !. rebirth 2. E<E:I8E.TIO6 I. punish by ridicule 3%. E<E(O6ITIO6 B. trifle pep#()ea(ce predominance pep#''e''"(/ appealing, charming pep#'!e#&' ridiculous pee0&"'"!e requirement pe#/a!"-e right, privilege pe'a/e omen pe'c"$e urge pe'e(!a$le acceptable, wellmannered pe'")e direct, chair pe''"(/ urgent pe'!")"/"!a!# magician pe'!"/e reputation, renown pe'&+e assume, deduce pe'&+p!&#&' assuming, overconfident pe'&pp#'e assume pe!e('e affectation, excuse pe!e(!"#&' affected, inflated pe!e(a!&al abnormal, supernatural pe!e7! excuse pe-a"l triumph pe-a"l"(/ common, current pe-ale(! widespread pe-a"ca!e lie p"c% puncture p"//"'* pedantic, affected p"+ formal, prudish p"+al first, beginning p"+a!e head, master p"+#/e("!&e firstborn child p"+p groom p"(cel, regal, generous p"'+a!"c manycolored, sparkling p"'!"(e pure, unspoiled p"-a!"#( hardship p"-, aware of private matters p#$e examine p#$"!, integrity p#$le+a!"c uncertain, difficult p#$#'c"' snout p#ce)&e method, process p#cee)' profit p#cla"+ announce p#cl"-"!, inclination p#cea!e beget p#c!# supervise p#c&e acquire p#c&e pander p#) urge p#)"/al wasteful p#)"/"#&' marvelous, enormous p#)"/, a person with extraordinary ability or talent p#6a(e blasphemous p#6e'' affirm, admit p#66e bring forward for consideration p#6"c"e(! skillful p#6"!ee extortionist p#6l"/a!e licentious, prodigal p#6#&() deep, knowledgeable p#6&'"#( overabundance p#/e("!# ancestor p#/e(, children p#/(#'"' forecast p#/(#'!"ca!e foretell p#/e''"-e advancing, liberal p#le!a"a! working class p#l"6ea!e increase rapidly p#l"6"c fruitful, productive p#l"7 longwinded p#l#/&e introduction p#l#(/ lengthen in time p#+e(a)e stroll, parade p#+e!*ea( inspirational p#+"'c&#&' sexually indiscreet p#+#(!#, headland, cape p#+p! induce p#+p!e reminder p#+&l/a!e publish, disseminate p#(e inclined, predisposed p#pa/a()a publicity, misinformation p#pella(! rocket fuel p#pe('"!, inclination p#p*e! prognosticator p#p*,lac!"c preventive p#p"(0&"!, nearness p#p"!"a!e satisfy p#p"!"#&' auspicious, favorable p#p#(e(! supporter, advocate p#p#!"#(a!e commensurate p#p#'"!"#( offer, proposal p#p#&() propose p#p"e!# manager, owner p#p"e!, decorum p#'a"c uninspired, flat p#'ce("&+ platform, rostrum p#'c"$e prohibit p#'el,!"3e recruit, convert p#'#), study of poetic structure 2&"3 8> 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. .'88O@1 0 19(E'T!9 00 ,'- flawless 0 excellence ,4- histrionic 0 theatrics ,.- outgoing 0 inhibition ,:- indiscreet 0 platitude ,E- categorical 0 truism 5. I61IEI: 0 T'1TE 00 ,'- curt 0 incivility ,4- apathetic 0 /est ,.- immaculate 0 brevity ,:- trite 0 unimportance ,E- discriminating 0 scholarship 7. 'pocryphal 0 .orroboration 00 ,'- didactic 0 instruction ,4- fraudulent 0 forgery ,.- tyrannical 0 poise ,:- esoteric 0 commonality ,E- sacrilegious 0 piety $. 6E4@8O@1 0 :I1TI6.TIO6 00 ,'- guileless 0 deceit ,4- antipathetic 0 abhorrence ,.- sublime 0 disrespect ,:- magnanimous 0 anxiety ,E- amorphous 0 inchoation ;. T'<6I1! 0 #ITI'TE 00 ,'- beleaguer 0 console ,4- abrogate 0 flicker ,.- ensconce 0 corrupt ,:- bemuse 0 stupefy ,E- inundate 0 squelch >. 6O.T@<6'8 0 .I((E<I'6 00 ,'- exacting 0 lax ,4- prudish 0 indulgent ,.- contentious 0 affluent ,:- stark 0 embellished ,E- specious 0 illusory ?. .O6#O.'TIO6 0 (EETI6= 00 ,'- bargain 0 market ,4- supplication 0 prayer ,.- issue 0 referendum ,:- speech 0 podium ,E- harvest 0 fall A. O1T<I.! 0 4I<: 00 ,'- dusk 0 day ,4- fish 0 ocean ,.- tunnel 0 mountain ,:- hat 0 coat ,E- sirocco 0 storm 2. #I<@1 0 O<='6I1( 00 ,'- vegetable 0 mineral ,4- testtube 0 bacteria ,.- microcosm 0 world ,:- microfiche 0 computer ,E- watch 0 wrist 3%. (ercurial 0 Temperament 00 ,'- capricious 0 interest ,4- tempestuous 0 solemnity ,.- staid 0 wantonness ,:- phlegmatic 0 concern ,E- cynical 0 naivetD p#'pec!"-e expected, imminent p#'pec!&' brochure p#'!a!e supine p#!a/#("'! main character in a story p#!ea( changing readily p#!;/; ward, pupil p#!#c#l code of diplomatic etiquette p#!#( particle p#!ac! prolong p#!&$ea(ce bulge p#-e()e food p#-e$ maxim p#-e$"al wellknown p#-")e(ce foresight, divine protection p#-")e(! having foresight, thrifty p#-")e(!"al fortunate p#-"(ce bailiwick, district p#-"(c"al intolerant, insular p#-"'"#(al temporary p#-"'# stipulation p#-"'#, conditional p#-#ca!"#( incitement p#-#ca!"-e titillating p#-#%e incite p#9e'' strength, expertise p#7"+"!, nearness p#7, substitute, agent p&)e puritan p&)e(ce discretion, carefulness p&)e(! cautious, using good "udgment p&)"'* puritanical p&"e(! lewd p'e&)# false p'e&)#(,+ alias p',c*"c pertaining the psyche or mind p',c*#pa!* madman p',c*#!"c demented p&$e!, adolescence p&c%"'* impish, mischievous p&e"le childish p&/"l"'+ boxi ng p&/(ac"#&' combative p&"''a(! strong p&lc*"!&)e beauty p&lp paste, mush p&lp"! platform, priesthood p&l'a!e throb p&l-e"3e crush p&( wordplay p&(c!"l"#&' meticulous p&()"! learned or politically astute person p&(/e(! sharp smell or taste p&("!"-e punishing p&(, weak, small p&$l"() obtuse, stupid p&/a!"-e cathartic, cleansing p&/a!#, limbo, netherworld p&/e cleanse, remove p&"!a("cal prim p&l"e&' environs, surroundings p&l#"( steal p&p#! claim to be p&p#!e) rumored p&p#'e6&l determined p&'&a(! following, according p&-e, deliver, provide p&-"e9 range of understanding, field p&'"lla("+#&' cowardly p&!a!"-e reputed p&!e6, decay p&!'c* a sudden attempt to overthrow a government p,/+, dwarf p,#!ec*("c' fireworks p,*"c a battle won with unacceptable losses 2 0&ac% charlatan 0&a)e(("al occurring every four years 0&a)"lle square dance 0&a)&pe) four foot animal 0&a66 drink 0&a/+"e difficult situation 0&a"l shrink, cower 0&a"(! oldfashioned, charming 0&al"6"e) limited 0&al+' misgivings 0&a()a, dilemma 0&a(!&+ quantity, particle 0&aa(!"(e detention, confinement 0&a, prey, game 0&a!e residence, district 0&a'* put down, suppress 0&a'" seeming, almost 0&a-e tremble 0&a, wharf 0&ea', squeamish 0&ee odd 0&ell suppress, allay 0&e(c* extinguish, slake 0&e&l#&' complaining 0&e'!"#((a"e survey, feedback 0&e&e line 0&"$$le bicker 0&"c%e( revive, hasten 0&"))"!, essence, an unimportant or trifling distinction 0&"e'ce(! still, motionless 0&"e!&' a cessation of activity 0&"ll feather, pen 0&"p "oke 0&"% eccentricity, a strange and unexpected turn of events 0&"-e tremble 0&"7#!"c impractical, romantic 0&"33"cal odd, questioning 0&#&+ the minimum number people who must be present to hold a meeting 0&#!a a share or proportion 0&#!")"a( daily 2&"3 87 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. E<OTE'6 '. bulge 5. E<OT@4E<'6.E 4. changing readily 7. E<O#I1IO6'8 . . steal $. E@6:IT :. ma"ority ;. E@<8OI6 E. temporary >. E@<EO<T ) . a cessation of activity ?. F@'#E< =. line A. F@E@E !. tremble 2. F@IET@1 I. claim to be 3%. F@O<@( B. politically astute person R a$$le crowd a$") mad, furious ac%e!ee gangster, swindler ac#(!e& storyteller a)"cal revolutionary a66"'* rowdy, dashing a"l rant, harangue a"+e(! clothing a%e womani/er all, assemble a+$&(c!"#&' boisterous a+"6"ca!"#( consequence a+pa/e run amuck a+pa(! unbridled, raging a+#) rod a(c") rotten a(c# resentment a(), vulgar a(%le cause bitterness, resentment a(! rage, scold apac"#&' grasping, avaricious ap")"!, speed ap"e sword ap"(e plunder app#! affinity, empathy app#c*e+e(! reconciliation ap!&e bliss a'* hasty, brash a'p scrape a!"6, approve a!"#( allowance, portion a!"#(ale "ustification a-a/e plunder, ruin a-"'* captivate, charm a3e destroy or level a building eal+ kingdom, domain ealp#l"!"% cynical interpretation of politics eap harvest e$&66 re"ect, snub e$&%e critici/e, reprimand e$&' picture pu//le e$&!!al reply, counterargument ecalc"!a(! stubbornly resisting the authority of another eca(! retract a previous statement ecap"!&la!e restate, summari/e ece)e move back ecep!acle container ecep!"-e open to ideas ec")"-"'+ habitual criminal activity ec"p"e(! one who receives ec"p#cal mutual, return in kind ec"!al performance, concert ec"!a!"#( recital, lesson ecl&'"-e solitary ec#"l flinch, retreat ec#llec! remember ec#+pe('e repay, compensate ec#(c"le ad"ust, balance ec#()"!e mystical, profound ec#((a"''a(ce surveillance ec#((#"!e to survey, to scout ,especially for military purposes- ec#&(! recite ec#&p recover ec#&'e appeal, resort ecea(! cowardly ec"+"(a!"#( countercharge, retaliation ec&"! draftee ec!"6, correct, to make right ec&+$e(! reclining ec&pea!"#( recovery ec& repeat, revert e)ee+ buy back, "ustify, restore yourself to favor or to good opinion e)ee+e savior e)e+p!"#( salvation e)#le(! fragrant e)#&$! fort e)#&$!a$le formidable, steadfast e)e'' restitution, compensation e)&()a(! repetitious ee% smell eel stagger, to lurch backward as though struck by a blow e6ee()&+ vote e6"(e) purified, cultured e6l&7 ebb e6ac!"#( bending, deflection e6ac!#, obstinate, disobedient e6a"( abstain e6&$"'* remodel, renovate e6&!e disprove, contradict e/al royal e/ale entertain e/al"a emblems 2&"3 8@ 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. E8@((ET 0 )'88 00 ,'- rifle 0 search ,4- accelerate 0 stop ,.- interdict 0 proscribe ,:- rake 0 scour ,E- precipitate 0 ascend 5. :<O6E 0 E(OTIO6 00 ,'- sprint 0 "ourney ,4- annoy 0 emollient ,.- stupefy 0 erudition ,:- deadpan 0 expression ,E- scuttle 0 ship 7. ('<OO6 0 1EF@E1TE< 00 ,'- transfix 0 emote ,4- exhaust 0 innervate ,.- tranquili/e 0 qualify ,:- select 0 rebuff ,E- entreat 0 beseech $. TOTTE< 0 &'8H 00 ,'- annex 0 land ,4- fathom 0 enlightenment ,.- distend 0 contusion ,:- efface 0 consolation ,E- stutter 0 speech ;. 8I=!T 0 :I( 00 ,'- indictment 0 investigate ,4- protest 0 muffle ,.- heat 0 radiate ,:- solid 0 incinerate ,E- ornament 0 decorate >. 4E6I=6 0 EE<6I.IO@1 00 ,'- ostentatious 0 tawdry ,4- mortified 0 nefarious ,.- apocryphal 0 categorical ,:- discerning 0 keen ,E- pe"orative 0 vicarious ?. :emagogue 0 (anipulator 00 ,'- champion 0 defender ,4- lawyer 0 mediator ,.- mentor 0 oppressor ,:- soldier 0 landowner ,E- capitalist 0 socialist A. =<E='<IO@1 0 .O6=E6I'8 00 ,'- suspicious 0 trusting ,4- pedantic 0 lively ,.- bellicose 0 militant ,:- singular 0 nondescript ,E- seminal 0 apocalyptic 2. :I1!E'<TE6E: 0 !OEE 00 ,'- enervated 0 ennui ,4- buoyant 0 effervescence ,.- amoral 0 ethics ,:- munificent 0 altruism ,E- nefarious 0 turpitude 3%. E<'TT8E 0 1EE'H 00 ,'- accept 0 re"ect ,4- stomp 0 patter ,.- heed 0 listen ,:- promenade 0 walk ,E- e"aculate 0 shout e/"+e a government e/"+e(! infantry unit e/e!!a$le lamentable, unfortunate e/&/"!a!e vomit, repeat e*a'* wearily discuss again e"/( rule, influence e"( curb, restrain e"(ca(a!"#( rebirth e"!ea!e repeat, say again e.#"ce celebrate e.#"()e answer, retort e.&-e(a!e make young again elap'e recurrence ,of illness- ele/a!e assign to an inferior position ele(! soften, yield ele(!le'' unstoppable el"c antique el"(0&"'* release, renounce el"'* savor e+e)"al corrective e+"'' negligent e+"! forgive, send payment e+(a(! residue, fragment e+#('!a(ce protest e+#'e guilt e+&(ea!"#( compensation e(a"''a(ce rebirth e(a'ce(! reborn e() to tear apart e()e deliver, provide e()e3-#&' a meeting e()"!"#( version, interpretation e(e/e break a promise e(#&(ce disown e(#9( fame e(! tear, rupture epaa!"#( amends, atonement epa!ee witty conversation epa!"a!e to send back to the native land epelle(! causing aversion epe(! atone for epec&''"#( consequence epe!#"e stock of works ep"(e fret eple("'* refill eple!e complete epl"ca copy epl"ca!e duplicate ep#'e rest epe*e('"$le blameworthy epe'' suppress ep"e-e temporary suspension ep"+a() rebuke ep"'al retaliation ep"'e repetition ep#ac* blame ep#$a!e miscreant ep#-e rebuke ep&)"a!e disavow ep&/(a(! distasteful, revolting ep&l'e repel ep&l'"-e repugnant ep&!e status, reputation, esteem ep&!e) supposed, presumed, alleged e0&"e+ rest, a mass for the dead e0&"'"!e necessary e0&"'"!"#( order, formal demand e0&"!e to return in kind e'c"() revoke e'e-e selfcontrol e'")e dwell e'")&e remaining part e'"/(e) accepting of a situation e'"l"e(ce ability to recover from an illness or a setback e'#l&!e determined e'#l&!"#( determination e'#l-e determination e'#(a(! reverberating e'#! recourse e'#&() echo e'#&ce6&l inventive, skillful e'pec!"-el, in that order e'p"e breathe e'p"!e rest, temporary delay e'ple()e(! shining, splendid e'!"!&!"#( reparation, amends e'!"-e nervous, uneasy e'&/e(ce revival e'&ec!"#( rebirth e'&'c"!a!e revive e!a"( keep e!a"(e advance fee e!al"a!e revenge e!c* vomit e!"ce(! reserved e!""(/ modest, unassuming e!#! quick reply e!e(c* cut back, economi/e e!"$&!"#( reprisal e!"e-e reclaim e!#/a)e regress e!#'pec!"-e reminiscent, display e-a+p recast e-e"lle bugle call e-el frolic, take "oy in e-el, merrymaking e-e(&e income e-ee honor e-ee(! respectful e-e"e daydream e-e! return to a former state e-"le denounce, defame e-"'"#( new version e-"-e renew e-#%e repeal e-&l'"#( aversion *ap'#), ecstasy *e!#"c elocution, grandiloquence *e&+a!"'+ inflammation "$al) coarse, vulgar 2&"3 8A 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. <E=I(E '. vulgar 5. <EBOI6:E< 4. quick reply 7. <E(@6E<'TIO6 . . uneasy $. <E6:EI#O@1 :. necessary ;. <E6T E. miscreant >. <EE<O4'TE ) . rupture ?. <EF@I1ITE =. a meeting A. <E1TI#E !. compensation 2. <ET<I4@TIO6 I. retort 3%. <I4'8: B. a government "c%e!, shaky, ramshackle "c#c*e! carom, rebound "6e widespread, abundant "66a66 dregs of society "6le search through and steal "6! a split, an opening, disagreement "/*!e#&' upright, moral "/# harshness, precise and exacting "+e crust "p#'!e counterthrust "'"$le laughable "'0&; offcolor, racy "-e! engross #$&'! vigorous #/&e scoundrel #"'!e bluster #+p frolic #'ea!e rosy, optimistic #'!e list of people #'!&+ podium #&; libertine #&'e awaken, provoke #&! vanquish, cause to retreat &$"c&() ruddy complexion &c% the common herd &)"+e(! beginning, kernel &e regret &66"a( brutal person &+"(a!e ponder &++a/e hunt, grope &(el stream &'e trick &'!"c rural S Sa$$a!* day of rest 'a$$a!"cal vacation 'a$e sword 'a$#!a/e treason, destruction 'acc*a"(e sugary, overly sweet tone 'ace)#!al priestly 'ac% pillage 'aca+e(! rite 'ace) c#9 idol, taboo 'ac"le/e blasphemy 'ac#'a(c! sacred 'a))le encumber 'a)"'! one who takes pleasure in hurting others 'a6a" expedition 'a/a story 'a/ac"#&' wise 'a/e wise person 'alac"#&' licentious 'al"e(! prominent 'al"(e salty 'all#9 sickly complected 'all, sortie, attack 'al&!a, good, wholesome 'al&!a!"#( salute, greeting 'al-a!"#( redemption 'al-e medicinal ointment 'al-# volley, gunfire 'a(c!"6, consecrate 'a(c!"+#("#&' selfrighteous 'a(c!"#( approval 'a(c!&a, refuge 'a(/16#") coolness under fire 'a(/&"(a, gory, murderous 'a(/&"(e cheerful 'a(' without 'ap") interesting 'ap"e(! wise 'ac#p*a/&' stone coffin 'c#(6&l scornful, sarcastic 'a!#"al pertaining to clothes 'a!a("c pertaining to the :evil 'a!c*el bag 'a!e satisfy fully 'a!"a!e satisfy fully 'a!"e ridicule 'a!&a!e soak 'a!&("(e gloomy 'a!, demigod, goatman 'a&(!e stroll 'a-a((a grassland 'a-a(! scholar 'a-#"16a"e tact, polish 'a-# en"oy, relish 'a-#, appeti/ing 'a--, perceptive, shrewd 'ca$#&' difficult 'ca(! inadequate, meager 'cape/#a! one who takes blame for others 'ca"6, critici/e 'ca!*e in"ure, denounce 2&"3 30 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. T!I(48E 0 )I6=E< 00 ,'- glove 0 hammer ,4- stitch 0 loop ,.- branch 0 flower ,:- talon 0 eagle ,E- smock 0 apparel 5. '6'<.!9 0 O<:E< 00 ,'- desolation 0 annihilation ,4- ineptitude 0 skill ,.- bastion 0 aegis ,:- chaos 0 disarray ,E- parsimony 0 elegance 7. 8'6: 0 )'88O& 00 ,'- automobile 0 expensive ,4- politics 0 innovative ,.- orchard 0 fruitful ,:- mountain 0 precipitous ,E- ship 0 decommissioned $. !E@<I1TI. 0 TE'.! 00 ,'- parable 0 obfuscate ,4- performer 0 entertain ,.- pedant 0 construct ,:- actor 0 incite ,E- virus 0 prevent ;. <@1E 0 :E.EI#E 00 ,'- pretext 0 mollify ,4- invective 0 laud ,.- cathartic 0 cleanse ,:- artifice 0 disabuse ,E- calumny 0 confuse >. <ETI.E6T 0 &'6TO6 00 ,'- lithe 0 supple ,4- exemplary 0 palpable ,.- pe"orative 0 opprobrious ,:- quiescent 0 rampant ,E- provincial 0 virulent ?. =@88I48E 0 :@EE 00 ,'- artless 0 demagogue ,4- (achiavellian 0 entrepreneur ,.- cantankerous 0 curmudgeon ,:- disputatious 0 patron ,E- optimistic 0 defeatist A. OE'F@E 0 8I=!T 00 ,'- porous 0 liquid ,4- undamped 0 vibration ,.- unrelenting 0 barbarian ,:- diaphanous 0 metal ,E- hermetic 0 air 2. F@IGOTI. 0 E<'=('TI. 00 ,'- romantic 0 fanciful ,4- dispassionate 0 "ust ,.- auspicious 0 sanguine ,:- malcontent 0 "ingoistic ,E- optimistic 0 surreal 3%. .O8O6 0 I6T<O:@.E 00 ,'- hyphen 0 "oin ,4- semicolon 0 transfer ,.- dash 0 shorten ,:- apostrophe 0 intensify ,E- comma 0 possess 'cep!e a rod, staff 'c*e+e plot, system, diagram 'c*"'+ rift 'c"(!"lla speck 'c"(!"lla!e sparkle 'c"#( offspring 'c#66 "eer, dismiss 'c#(e biscuit 'c#( disdain, re"ect 'c#&()el unprincipled person 'c#& clean by rubbing, search 'c#&/e affliction 'c&ple' misgivings 'c&p&l#&' principled, fastidious 'c&!"("3e examine closely 'c&6 dandruff 'c&"l#&' abusive, insulting 'c&, move quickly 'c&!!le to sink ,a ship- 'c,!*e long, curved blade 'ea burn 'e$ace#&' like fat 'ece)e withdraw 'ecl&)e) remote, isolated 'ecl&'"#( solitude 'ec!a"a( denominational 'ec&la worldly, nonreligious 'ec&e make safe 'e)a!"#( state of calm 'e)e(!a, stationary, inactive 'e)"!"#( treason, inciting rebellion 'e)&ce lure 'e)&l#&' diligent 'ee), rundown, ramshackle 'ee+l, proper, attractive 'ee!*e fume, resent 'e"'+"c pertaining to earthquakes 'e"'+#l#/, study of earthquakes 'el61e66ac"(/ modest 'e+a(!"c' study of word meanings 'e+$la(ce likeness 'e+"(al fundamental, decisive 'e+pe 6")el"' always loyal 'e(e'ce(ce old age 'e(e'ce(! aging 'e("#"!, privilege due to length of service 'e('a!"#(al outstanding, startling 'e('"$le wise, prudent 'e('#, relating to the senses 'e('&al"'! epicure 'e('&#&' appealing to the senses, en"oying luxury 'e(!e(!"#&' concise 'e(!"e(! conscious 'e(!"(el watchman 'ep&lc*e tomb 'e0&ac"#&' dependent 'e0&el continuation, epilogue 'e0&e'!e segregate 'eap*"c angelic 'ee()"p"!, a knack for making fortunate discoveries 'ee(e peaceful 'epe(!"(e winding and twisting 'e"e) sawtoothed 'e&+ vaccine 'e-"le slavish 'e-"!&)e forced labor 'e''"le permanently attached 'e''"#( meeting 'e!!ee seat, sofa 'e-e cut in two 'e-ea(ce division '*all#! oni on '*a+ pretense, imposter '*a+$le' disorder, mess '*a) sharp fragment of glass '*ee( luster '*eep"'* shy, embarrassed '*"$$#le!* password '*"% evade ,work- 'l"-e fragment, shaving '*#al reef '*#"(/ supporting '*#!c#+"(/' personal deficiencies '*e9 virago '*e9) clever, cunning '*"ll highpitched '*&( avoid, spurn '*&(! turn aside '*,'!e unethical lawyer '"$"la(! a hissing sound '"$l"(/ brother or sister '"c%le semicircular blade '")eeal pertaining to the stars '")le move sideways, slither '"e/e blockade '"ea mountain range '"e-e strainer '"/(a!#, signer '"/(e! a seal '"l*#&e!!e outline, profile '"l# storage tower '"+"a( monkey '"+"le figure of speech '"+pe smile, smirk '"+&lac&+ vague likeness '"(ec&e position with little responsibility '"(e9, fibrous, stringy '"(/e burn "ust the surface of something '"(/l, one by one, individually '"(/&la unique, extraordinary '"("'!e evil, malicious '"("'!al lefthanded '"p*#( extract, tap '"e forefather, to beget '"e( temptress '"!e location '%ep!"cal doubtful '%"(6l"(! mi ser '%"+"'* a small battle 2&"3 31 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. 1.<@E8E1 '. figure of speech 5. 1.9T!E 4. proper, attractive 7. 1EE(89 . . long, curved blade $. 1E6TE6TIO@1 :. lefthanded ;. 1E<E6:IEIT9 E. pertaining to the stars >. 1!I44O8ET! ) . signer ?. 1I:E<E'8 =. making fortunate discoveries A. 1I=6'TO<9 !. password 2. 1I(I8E I. misgivings 3%. 1I6I1T<'8 B. concise '%"!!"'* excitable, wary, "umpy '%&l% sneak about '%&ll)&//e, trickery 'la%e quench 'la()e defame 'la!e list of candidate 'la-e drivel, fawn 'la, ki l l 'le"/*! dexterity, skill 'le9 an abundance 'l"!*e slide, slink 'l#/a( mot t o 'l#!* la/iness 'l#-e(l, sloppy '+a!!e"(/ superficial knowledge '+el! refine metal '+"% smug look '+"!e strike, afflict '+#c% apron '(ae trap '(")e sarcastic, spiteful '("ppe! morsel, small piece '("-el whine, sniff '(&$ ignore, slight '(&66 extinguish '#$"e!, composed, abstinent, sober '#$"0&e! nickname '#c"al"!e one who is prominent in society '#c"#l#/, study of society '#)al"!, companionship '#))e( soaked '#.#&( trip, stopover '#lace consolation, comfort '#l)e fuse, weld '#lec"'+ ungrammatical construction '#le+( serious, somber '#le+("!, seriousness '#l"c"! request '#l"c"!#&' considerate, concerned '#l"l#0&, monologue '#l'!"ce furthest point '#l&$le dissolvable '#l-e(! financially sound '#+a!"c pertaining to the body '#+$e gloomy, solemn '#+(a+$&l"'! sleepwalker '#+(#le(! sleepy '#((e! short poem '#(##&' resonant, ma"estic '#p morsel, compensation, offering '#p*"'!, specious reasoning '#p#"6"c sleep inducing '#pa(# high female voice '#)") foul, ignoble '##"!, sisterhood '#&$e!!e actress, ingenue '#&'e a drunk '#-ee"/( monarch 'pa fight 'pa'+#)"c intermittent, fitful 'pa!e sudden outpouring 'pa9( produce 'pec"+e( sample 'pec"#&' false but plausible reasoning 'pec!acle public display 'pec!al ghostly 'pec!&+ range, gamut 'pec&la!e con"ecture 'pele#l#/"'! one who studies caves 'pe9 e"ect 'p"()le shaft 'p"()l, tall and thin 'p"('!e old maid 'p"e pinnacle 'p""!e) lively 'p""!&#&' alcohol, intoxicating 'p"!e malice, grudge 'p"!!le spi t 'pla, spread apart 'plee( resentment, wrath 'ple(e!"c peevish 'pl&/e indulge 'p#(!a(e#&' extemporaneous 'p#a)"c occurring irregularly 'p#!"-e playful 'p, nimble 'p&+e foam, froth 'p&"#&' false, counterfeit 'p&( to re"ect a person with scorn '0&al") filthy '0&all rain storm '0&a()e waste '0&elc* crush, stifle '!a/(a(! stale, motionless '!a") demure, sedate 2&"3 38 4A(al#/"e'5 :irections 0 .hoose the pair that expresses a relationship most similar to that expressed in the capitali/ed pair. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. EE<1EI.'.IO@1 0 I61I=!T 00 ,'- ardent 0 quickness ,4- warm 0 temperature ,.- wealthy 0 scarcity ,:- rapacious 0 magnanimity ,E- churlish 0 enmity 5. @nprecedented 0 Erevious Occurrence 00 ,'- naive 0 harmony ,4- incomparable 0 equal ,.- improper 0 vacillation ,:- eccentric 0 intensity ,E- random 0 recidivism 7. 16'HE 0 I6#E<TE4<'TE 00 ,'- dolphin 0 fish ,4- eagle 0 talon ,.- boa constrictor 0 backbone ,:- penguin 0 bird ,E- bat 0 insect $. 8I(E<I.H 0 EOE( 00 ,'- monologue 0 chorus ,4- sonnet 0 offering ,.- walt/ 0 tango ,:- skull 0 skeleton ,E- aria 0 song ;. I6TE<E1T 0 O41E11IO6 00 ,'- faith 0 caprice ,4- nonchalance 0 insouciance ,.- diligence 0 assiduity ,:- decimation 0 annihilation ,E- alacrity0 procrastination >. <E1O8@TE 0 &I88 00 ,'- violent 0 peacefulness ,4- fanatic 0 concern ,.- balky 0 contrary ,:- notorious 0 infamy ,E- virtuous 0 wholesomeness ?. 'TO( 0 ('TTE< 00 ,'- neutron 0 proton ,4- vegetable 0 animal ,.- molecule 0 element ,:- component 0 system ,E- pasture 0 herd A. '.TO<1 0 T<O@EE 00 ,'- plotters 0 cabal ,4- professors 0 tenure ,.- workers 0 bourgeoisie ,:- diplomats 0 government ,E- directors 0 cast 2. .O))E< 0 #'8@'48E1 00 ,'- mountain 0 avalanche ,4- book 0 paper ,.- vault 0 trifles ,:- sanctuary 0 refuge ,E- sea 0 waves 3%. 8IO6 0 .'<6I#O<E 00 ,'- man 0 vegetarian ,4- ape 0 ponderer ,.- li/ard 0 mammal ,:- buffalo 0 omnivore ,E- shark 0 scavenger '!al9a! pillar, strong, loyal '!a+"(a vigor, endurance '!a(c* loyal '!a(c*"#( prop, foundation '!a(3a division of a poem '!a% desolate '!a!le surprise '!a!el, impressive, noble '!a!"c inactive, immobile '!a!&e regulation '!a&(c* loyal '!a-e ward off '!ea)6a'! loyal '!eal!* secrecy, covertness '!eepe) soaked, infused '!e(#/ap*, shorthand '!e(!#"a( loud or declamatory in tone '!el"(/ high quality '!e( strict '!e-e)#e longshoreman '!"6le suppress '!"/+a mark of disgrace '!"le!!# dagger '!"l!e) formal, stiff '!"+&la!e excite '!"(! limit, assignment '!"pe() payment '!"p&la!e specify, arrange '!#)/, stuffy, pompous '!#"c indifferent to pain or pleasure '!#%e prod, fuel '!#le long scarf '!#l") impassive '!#&! stocky '!a"! distress '!a!a/e+ trick, military tactic '!a!"6, form into layers '!a!&+ layer '!"a!e to mark with stripes '!"c!&e censure, restriction '!"6e conflict '!"%"(/ impressive, attractive '!"(/e(! severe, strict '!"-e endeavor '!&)"#&' diligent '!&l!"6, inhibit, enfeeble '!&(!e) arrested development '!&pe6, deaden, dumfound '!&pe()#&' astounding '!&p# lethargy '!,l"3e formali/e, artificial artistic style '!,+"e hinder, thwart '&a-e smooth, charming '&$ #'a in secret '&$c&!a(e#&' beneath the skin '&$)&e conquer '&$.&/a!e suppress '&$le! subcontract '&$l"+a!e to redirect forbidden impulses ,usually sexual- into socially accepted activities '&$l"+e lofty, excellent '&$l&(a, earthly '&$+"! yield, acquiesce '&$#)"(a!e lower in rank '&$'e0&e(! succeeding, following '&$'e-"e(! servile, submissive '&$'")e diminish '&$'")"a, subordinate '&$'")"3e financial assistance '&$'!a(!"a!e verify '&$'!a(!"-e substantial '&$!e6&/e cunning, ruse '&$!ea(ea( underground '&$-e! undermine '&cc# help, comfort '&cc&le(! "uicy, delicious '&cc&+$ yield, submit '&66"ce adequate '&66a/e vote '&66&'e pervade, permeate '&//e'!"-e thoughtprovoking, risquD '&lle( sulky, sour '&ll, st ai n '&l!, sweltering '&++#( call for, arraign '&+p!&#&' opulent, luscious '&()e split '&(), various '&pe$ excellent '&pec"l"#&' arrogant '&pee#/a!#, wanton, superfluous '&pe6l&#&' overabundant '&pe"+p#'e cover, place on top of '&pe"(!e() supervise '&pela!"-e superior '&pe(&+ea, subordinate '&pe'e)e supplant '&pe-e(e ensue, follow '&pe-"'e oversee '&p"(e lying on the back '&ppla(! replace '&ppl"ca!"#( prayer '&ppe'' subdue '&6e"! overabundance '&l, rude, crass '&+"'e to guess '&+#&(! overcome '&(a+e family name '&pa'' exceed, excel '&eal dreamlike '&ep!"!"#&' secretive '&#/a!e substitute '&-e"lla(ce close watch '&'cep!"$le vulnerable '&'pe() stop temporarily '&'!e(a(ce food '&'&a(! whispering '&!&e surgical stitch '-el!e slender '9a(% fashionable '9a!*, dark ,as in complexion- 2&"3 33 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. 1T'#E '. distress 5. 1TE#E:O<E 4. diligent 7. 1T<'IT . . ward off $. 1T@:IO@1 :. longshoreman ;. 1@4B@='TE E. various >. 1@4TE<)@=E ) . overabundant ?. 1@6:<9 =. suppress A. 1@EE<)8@O@1 !. cunning 2. 1@EI6E I. dreamlike 3%. 1@<<E'8 B. lying on the back '9a!c* strip of fabric '9el!e"(/ hot '9"-el a pivot ',$a"!e pleasureseeker ',c#p*a(! flatterer, flunky ',lla$"ca!e divide into syllables ',lla$&' schedule ',lp* a slim, graceful girl ',l-a( rustic ',+$"#!"c cooperative, working in close association ',++e!, harmony, congruence ',+p#'"&+ panel ,discussion- ',+p!#+a!"c indicative ',(a/#/&e temple ',()"ca!e cartel ',()#+e set of symptoms ',(#) council ',(#p'"' brief summary ',(!*e'"' combination ','!#le heart contraction T !a$e(acle temple !a$le postpone !a$lea& scene, backdrop !a$## prohibition !a$&la!e arrange !ac"! understood without being spoken !ac"!&( untalkative !ac!6&l sensitive !ac!"c' strategy !ac!"le tangible !a"(! pollute !al"#( punishment !all, count !al#( claw !a()e+ two or more things together !a(/ strong taste !a(/e(!"al peripheral !a(/"$le touchable !a(!al"3e tease !a(!a+#&(! equivalent !ape candle !a"66 tax on imported or exported goods !a( small lake !a("'* taint !a, linger !a&"(e bulllike !a&! tight !a&!#l#/"cal repetitious !a9), gaudy !ec*(#l#/, body of knowledge !e)"#&' boring, tiring !ee+ swarm, abound !e+e"!, boldness !e+pea!e moderate !e+pe'! storm !e+pe'!&#&' agitated !e+p# speed !e+p#al pertaining to time !e+p! entice !e(a$le defensible, valid !e(ac"#&' persistent !e()e(!"#&' biased !e(e+e(! decaying apartment building !e(e! doctrine !e('"le stretchable !e(!a!"-e provisional !e(&#&' thin, insubstantial !e(&e status given after a period of time !ep") lukewarm !e+"(al final !e+"(#l#/, nomenclature !e(a, triple !ep'"c*#ea( related to dance !ea"( the feature of land !eap"( turtle !ee'!"al earthly !e'e concise !e'!a+e(! covenant !e'!, petulant !e!*e tie down !*ea!"c' histrionics !*e#l#/"a( one who studies religion !*e'a&&' book of synonyms !*e'"' proposition, topic !*e'p"a( actor !*e9' muscles !*#(, difficult !*all slave !*ea)$ae tattered !*"-e prosper !*#e' anguish !*#(/ crowd !*#!!le choke !*9a! to foil 2&"3 3: 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. 1&'T.! '. to foil 5. 196O: 4. anguish 7. T'.IT . . concise $. T'8O6 :. provisional ;. T'@<I6E E. agitated >. TE(EE1T@O@1 ) . bulllike ?. TE6T'TI#E =. claw A. TE<1E !. understood without being spoken 2. T!<OE1 I. council 3%. T!&'<T B. strip of fabric !"aa crown !")"(/' news, information !"66 fight !"+$e tonal quality, resonance !"+##&' fearful, timid !"(c!&e trace, vestige, tint !"('el tawdriness !"a)e scolding speech !"!a( accomplished person !"!a("c huge !"!e laugh nervously !"!*e donate onetenth !"!"a( auburn !"!"lla!e arouse !"!&la in name only, figurehead !#a), fawner, sycophant !#c'"( alarm bell, signal !#"l drudgery !#+e large book !#(al pertaining to sound !#p#/ap*, science of map making !#+e(! harass !#p") lethargic, inactive !#") scorching, passionate !#'"#( twisting !#&' doughnut shaped ob"ect !#!!e stagger !#&c*'!#(e standard !#&'le) disheveled !#&! praise, brag !#7"c#l#/"'! one who studies poisons !ac!a$le docile, manageable !a)&ce slander !a(0&"l"3e calm, anestheti/e !a('c"$e write a copy !a('6"/&e transform, exalt !a('6"7 impale !a('6&'e insert, infuse !a('/e''"#( trespass, offense !a('"e(! fleeting, temporary !a('"!#, fleeting !a('l&ce(! clear, lucid !a('p"e happen !a('p#'e interchange !a&+a in"ury !a-a"l work, drudgery !a-e'e cross !a-e'!, caricature, farce !ea!"'e book, dissertation !e% "ourney !e(c*a(! incisive, penetrating !ep")a!"#( fear !"a) group of three !"$&(al court !"$&!a, river !"!e commonplace, insincere !#/l#),!e cave dweller !#ll#p harlot !#&$l#&' disturbed !#&(ce thrash !#&pe group of actors !&c%le yield !&c&le(! fierce, savage !&)/e march, slog !&"'+ selfevident truth !&(ca!e shorten !&(c*e#( club !,'! meeting, rende/vous !&+$le drinking glass !&+e6, swell !&+&l! commotion !&$") muddy, clouded !&/") swollen !&p"!&)e depravity !&''le fight !&''#c% cluster of glass !&!ela/e guardianship !9a"( t wo !9"(/e pai n !,a(("cal dictatorial !,a((, oppression !,# beginner U &$"0&"!#&' omnipresent, pervasive &l!e"# hidden, covert &l!"+a!&+ demand &l&la!e howl, wail &+$a/e resentment &(a$a'*e) shameless, bra/en &(a$a!e) ceaseless &(a66ec!e) natural, sincere &(a("+"!, agreement &(a''&+"(/ modest &(a-a"l"(/ useless, futile &(a9ae' suddenly, unexpectedly &($ec#+"(/ unfitting &($")le) unrestrained 2&"3 35 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. TI:I6=1 '. incisive 5. TITE< 4. omnipresent 7. TIT@8'< . . lethargic $. TO<EI: :. figurehead ;. T<':@.E E. unrestrained >. T<E6.!'6T ) . news ?. @4IF@ITO@1 =. laugh nervously A. @8@8'TE !. ceaseless 2. @6'4'TE: I. wail 3%. @64<I:8E: B. slander &(ca((, mysterious, inexplicable &(c#('c"#(a$le unscrupulous &(c#&!* uncultured, crude &(c!&#&' insincere &()e+"(e weaken &()ep"( support &()e'c#e emphasi/e &()e'!&), a standin &()e9#l) criminal world &()e9"!e agree to finance, guarantee &()&e un"ust, excessive &()&la!e surge, fluctuate &()&l, excessive &(e0&"-#cal unambiguous, categorical &(e7cep!"#(a$le beyond criticism &(6a"l"(/ steadfast, unfaltering &(6a!*#+a$le pu//ling, incomprehensible &(6la//"(/ untiring, unrelenting &(6lappa$le not easily upset &(6#c% discharge &(6&l open up, spread out &(/a"(l, awkward &("6#+"!, sameness &("la!eal action taken by only one party &("+peac*a$le exemplary &("'#( together &(%e+p! disheveled &(+"!"/a!e) complete, harsh &(+#-e) firm, steadfast &(pece)e(!e) without previous occurrence &(e+"!!"(/ relentless &('a-#, distasteful, offensive &('ca!*e) unhurt &('ea! displace &('ee+l, unbecoming, improper &('!"(!"(/ generous &('&ll"e) spotless, pure &('&(/ neglected, not receiving "ust recognition &(!e(a$le cannot be achieved &(!#9a) perverse, unseemly &(9aa(!e) un"ustified &(9"el), awkward &(9"!!"(/ unintentional &p'*#! result &$a(e refined, worldly &'"(e bearlike &'&p sei/e, to appropriate &'&, lending money at high rates &!"l"!a"a( pragmatic, useful &!#p"a paradise &!!e complete &7#"#&' a doting husband F -ac"lla!e waver -ac&#&' inane, empty -a/a, whim -a"( unsuccessful -a"(/l#"#&' conceited -ale)"c!"#( farewell speech -al"a(! brave -al")a!e affirm, authenticate -al# bravery -a(/&a) leading position -a(0&"'* conquer -ap") vacuous, insipid -a"a(ce discrepancy -a''al sub"ect, subordinate -a&(! brag -e*e+e(! adamant -e(al mercenary, for the sake of money -e()e!!a grudge, feud -e(ee false front, facade -e(ea$le revered -e("al excusable -e(#+ poison, spite -e(!&e risk, speculate -e(!&e'#+e bold, risky -e(&e location -eac"!, truthfulness -ea()a porch -e$a!"+ word for word, literal -e$#'e wordy -e)a(! green, lush -e)"c! decision, "udgment -e(ac&la common speech -e!"/# di//iness -e'!"/e trace, remnant -e!# re"ect -e7 annoy -"a$le capable of surviving, feasible -"a)&c! waterway 2&"3 3> 4Ma!c*"(/5 (atch each word in the first column with its definition in the second column. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. @6.O@T! '. disheveled 5. @6:@89 4. capable of surviving 7. @6)8'==I6= . . awkward $. @6HE(ET :. uncultured ;. @61TI6TI6= E. truthfulness >. @6TE6'48E ) . whim ?. @6&IE8:9 =. unrelenting A. #'='<9 !. cannot be achieved 2. #E<'.IT9 I. generous 3%. #I'48E B. excessive -"a() food -"c"#&' evil, cruel -"c"''"!&)e changing fortunes -"c!&al' food -"e compete -"/"l watch, sentry duty -"/"la(! on guard -"/(e!!e scene -"/# vitality -"l"6, defame, malign -"()"ca!e free from blame -"()"c!"-e revengeful -""le manly, strong -"!&#'# highly skilled artist -"&le(! deadly, poisonous, infectious -"'a/e facial expression -"'c") thick, gummy -"'"!a!"#( a formal visit -"!al necessary -"!"a!e spoil, ruin -"!e#&' glassy -"!"#l"c scathing -"!&pea!"-e abusive, critical language -"-ac"#&' lively, highspirited -"-") lifelike, clear -"-"'ec!"#( experimentation on animals, dissection -#ca!"#( occupation -#c"6e#&' adamant, clamoring -#/&e fashion, chic -#la(! agil e -#la!"le unstable, precarious -#l"!"#( free will -#l&$le talkative -#l&+"(#&' bulky, extensive -#ac"#&' hungry -#!a, fan, aficionado -#&c*'a6e confer, bestow -&l/a"!, obscenity -&l(ea$le susceptible -&lp"(e foxlike, cunning W 9a/e bet 9a//"'* playful 9a"-e forego 9all#9 indulge 9a( pale, pallid, listless 9a(e dissipate, wither 9a(! need, poverty, lack of 9a(!#( lewd, abandoned, gratuitous 9aa(! "ustification 9a, guarded, cautious 9a'!el spendthrift 9a,la, ambush, accost 9ea( remove from nursing, break a habit 9e" dam 9el!e confusion, hodgepodge 9*ee)le to coax with flattery 9*e! stimulate 9*"66le vacillate 9*"+'"cal capricious, playful 9"el) exercise control 9"ll6&l deliberate, wanton 9"l, shrewd, crafty 9"(ce cringe 9"()6all bonus, boon 9"((#9 separate 9"('#+e charmingly innocent 9"'!6&l sad yearning, melancholy 9"!*e shrivel 9"3e(e) shriveled 9#e anguish, despair 9#(! custom, habit 9## court, seek favor 9a"!* ghost 9a!* anger, fury 9ea% to inflict something violent 9e'! snatch 9e!c*e) miserable 9"! summons, court order 9"!*e contort, thrash about 9, twisted, ironic sense of humor G 7e(#p*"ll"c attraction to strangers 7e(#p*#$"a fear of foreigners 7,l#p*#(e musical percussion instrument Y ,a( story, tale ,ea( desire strongly ,e( desire, yearning ,#e long ago Y#&(/ T&%' reformers H 3eal earnestness, passion 3eal#! fanatic 3e("!* summit 3ep*, gentle bree/e 2&"3 37 4Se(!e(ce <#+ple!"#('5 .omplete each sentence with the best available word. 'nswers are on page 3%5. 3. Though most explicitly sexist words have been replaced by genderneutral terms, sexism $. :espite all its , a stint in the diplomatic core is invariably an uplifting experience. thrives in the many words. ,'- indistinctness ,4- similitude ,.- loquacity ,:- implications ,E- obscurity of ,'- merits ,4- compensation ,.- effectiveness ,:- rigors ,E- mediocrity ;. <obert &illiamsC style of writing 5. The aspiring candidateCs per has an air of 0 "ust formance in the debate all but any hope he may have had of winning the election. ,'- nullifies ,4- encourages ,.- guarantees ,:- accentuates ,E- contains when you think the story line is predictable, he suddenly takes a different direction. 'lthough this is often the mark of a beginner, &illiams pulls it off masterfully. ,'- ineptness ,4- indignation ,.- reserve ,:- "ollity ,E- capriciousness 7. 1he is the most person I >. 8iharev talks about being both a have ever met, seemingly with an endless reserve of energy. ,'- "e"une ,4- vivacious ,.- solicitous ,:- impudent ,E- indolent nihilist and an atheist during his life, yet he never does faith in =od. ,'- affirm ,4- lose ,.- scorn ,:- aver ,E- supplicate >. Though a small man, B Egar !over appeared to be much larger behind his deskJ for, having skillfully designed his office, he 2. This argues well that Erikson exercised less free will than &arnerJ for even though Erikson was aware that he was misdirected, he was st i l l unabl e t o was perspective. ,'- augmented ,4- comforted ,.- apprehended ,:- lessened ,E- disconcerted by the ,'- defer ,4- facilitate ,.- proscribe ,:- prevent ,E- exert free will. ?. Existentialism can be used to rationali/e evil0 if one does not like the rules of society and has no conscience, he may use existentialism as a means of a set of beliefs that are advantageous to him but in"urious to others. ,'- thwarting ,4- proving ,.- promoting ,:- "ustifying ,E- impugning A. These categories amply point out the fundamental desire that people have to express themselves and the cleverness they display in that expressionJ who would have believed that the drab, mundane :(# woul d become the such creativityK 3%. (an has no choice but to seek truth, he is made uncomfortable and frustrated without truthLthus, the quest for truth is part of what makes us . ,'- noble ,4- different ,.- human ,:- intelligent ,E- aggressive ,'- catalyst for ,4- inhibitor of ,.- disabler of ,:- referee of ,E- censor of A('9e' !# 2&"33e' 2&"3 1 2&"3 8 2&"3 3 2&"3 : 2&"3 5 2&"3 > 2&"3 7 2&"3 @ 3. I 3. E 3. 4 3. ' 3. B 3. E 3. ' 3. E 5. = 5. 4 5. ) 5. . 5. I 5. ' 5. B 5. 4 7. E 7. : 7. = 7. E 7. ! 7. . 7. I 7. : $. ) $. ' $. ! $. ' $. = $. E $. E $. E ;. . ;. E ;. E ;. ' ;. ) ;. : ;. : ;. E >. : >. ' >. ' >. E >. E >. ' >. = > E ?. 4 ?. . ?. . ?. ' ?. : ?. . ?. ) ?. . A. B A. : A. : A. 4 A. . A. 4 A. ! A. E 2. ' 2. 4 2. B 2. . 2. 4 2. E 2. . 2. : 3%. ! 3%. ' 3%. I 3%. . 3%. ' 3%. 4 3%. 4 3%. . 2&"3 A 2&" 3 1 0 2&" 3 1 1 2&" 3 1 8 2&" 3 1 3 2&" 3 1 : 2&" 3 1 5 2&" 3 1 > 3. 4 3. 4 3. : 3. ' 3. 4 3. : 3. B 3. 4 5. ' 5. . 5. B 5. 4 5. ' 5. E 5. I 5. E 7. : 7. : 7. I 7. : 7. B 7. 4 7. ! 7. ' $. . $. ' $. ' $. : $. ! $. 4 $. = $. E ;. ) ;. E ;. ) ;. ' ;. I ;. . ;. ) ;. : >. E >. 4 >. E >. 4 >. = >. : >. E >. ' ?. ! ?. . ?. ! ?. . ?. ) ?. . ?. : ?. E A. = A. ' A. = A. ' A. : A. . A. . A. 4 2. B 2. 4 2. . 2. : 2. E 2. 4 2. 4 2. : 3%. I 3%. E 3%. 4 3%. 4 3%. . 3%. . 3%. ' 3%. . 2&" 3 1 7 2&" 3 1 @ 2&" 3 1 A 2&" 3 8 0 2&" 3 8 1 2&" 3 8 8 2&" 3 8 3 2&" 3 8 : 3. E 3. : 3. : 3. ' 3. B 3. E 3. ) 3. ' 5. ) 5. 4 5. E 5. : 5. ) 5. E 5. = 5. E 7. = 7. E 7. ) 7. : 7. I 7. . 7. ! 7. E $. ! $. . $. ' $. . $. ! $. 4 $. I $. ' ;. ' ;. ' ;. 4 ;. 4 ;. = ;. E ;. B ;. ' >. 4 >. 4 >. . >. ' >. 4 >. E >. ' >. : ?. . ?. E ?. = ?. . ?. E ?. ' ?. 4 ?. : A. : A. ' A. B A. 4 A. : A. . A. . A. : 2. I 2. ' 2. I 2. . 2. . 2. : 2. : 2. 4 3%. B 3%. E 3%. ! 3%. E 3%. ' 3%. . 3%. E 3%. E 2&" 3 8 5 2&" 3 8 > 2&" 3 8 7 2&" 3 8 @ 2&" 3 8 A 2&" 3 3 0 2&" 3 3 1 2&" 3 3 8 3. ! 3. . 3. 4 3. ' 3. B 3. E 3. I 3. E 5. I 5. 4 5. ' 5. : 5. I 5. 4 5. . 5. 4 7. B 7. E 7. E 7. E 7. ! 7. E 7. 4 7. : $. : $. ' $. B $. E $. = $. 4 $. B $. E ;. E ;. : ;. . ;. 4 ;. ) ;. . ;. = ;. : >. = >. E >. I >. . >. E >. : >. ! >. 4 ?. ) ?. 4 ?. ! ?. ' ?. : ?. . ?. E ?. : A. ' A. E A. = A. . A. . A. E A. ) A. ' 2. 4 2. . 2. ) 2. . 2. 4 2. : 2. ' 2. : 3%. . 3%. ' 3%. : 3%. : 3%. ' 3%. ' 3%. : 3%. E 2&" 3 3 3 2&" 3 3 : 2&" 3 3 5 2&" 3 3 > 2&" 3 3 7 3. . 3. B 3. ) 3. : 3. : 5. : 5. I 5. = 5. B 5. ' 7. ' 7. ! 7. : 7. = 7. 4 $. 4 $. = $. . $. ' $. : ;. = ;. ) ;. B ;. I ;. E >. ! >. E >. ' >. ! >. ' ?. E ?. : ?. 4 ?. . ?. : A. ) A. . A. I A. ) A. ' 2. B 2. 4 2. ! 2. E 2. E 3%. I 3%. ' 3%. E 3%. 4 3%. . Word Analysis &ord analysis ,etymology- is the process of separating a word into its parts and then using the meanings of those parts to deduce the meaning of the original word. Take, for example, the word I6TE<(I6'48E. It is made up of three parts0 a prefix I6 ,not-, a root TE<(I6 ,stop-, and a suffix '48E ,can do-. Therefore, by word analysis, I6TE<(I6'48E means *not able to stop.+ This is not the literal meaning of I6TE<(I6'48E ,endless-, but it is close enough. )or another example, consider the word <ET<O1EE.T. It is made up of the prefix <ET<O ,back- and the root 1EE.T ,to look-. !ence, <ET<O1EE.T means *to look back ,in time-, to contemplate.+ &ord analysis is very effective in decoding the meaning of words. !owever, you must be careful in its application since words do not always have the same meaning as the sum of the meanings of their parts. In fact, on occasion words can have the opposite meaning of their parts. )or example, by word analysis the word '&)@8 should mean *full of awe,+ or aweinspiring. 4ut over the years it has come to mean "ust the oppositeLterrible. In spite of the shortcomings, word analysis gives the correct meaning of a word ,or at least a hint of it- far more often than not and therefore is a useful tool. E7a+ple'I INDEBATIGABLE 'nalysis0 I6 ,not-J :E ,thoroughly-J )'TI= ,fatigue-J '48E ,can do- (eaning0 cannot be fatigued, tireless <IR<UMSEE<T 'nalysis0 .I<.@( ,around-J 1EE.T ,to look- (eaning0 to look around, that is, to be cautious ANTIEATHY 'nalysis0 '6TI ,against-J E'T! ,to feel-J 9 ,noun suffix- (eaning0 to feel strongly against something, to hate OMNIS<IENT 'nalysis0 O(6I ,all-J 1.I ,to know-J E6T ,noun suffix- (eaning0 allknowing 3%$ Vocabulary 4000 )ollowing are some of the most useful prefixes, roots, and suffixes. Ee6"7e' 3. a$ from aberration 5. a) Lalso acJ a6J a/J alJ a(J apJ aJ a'J a! to adequate 7. a+$" both ambidextrous $. a(Lalso a without anarchy ;. a(!" against antipathetic >. a(!e before antecedent ?. $e throughout belie A. $" two bilateral 2. ca!a down catacomb 3%. c"c&+ around circumscribe 33. c#+ Lalso c#(J c#lJ c#J c#/J c# together confluence 35. c#(!a against contravene 37. )e down ,negative- debase 3$. )eca ten decathlon 3;. )ece+ ten decimal 3>. )" two digraph 3?. )"a through, between dialectic 3A. )"' apart ,negative- disparity 32. )& two duplicate 5%. ),' abnormal dysphoria 53. ep" upon epicenter 55. e0&" equal equitable 57. e7 out extricate 5$. e7!a beyond extraterrestrial 5;. 6#e in front of foreword 5>. *e+" half hemisphere 5?. *,pe excessive hyperbole 5A. *,p# too little hypothermia 52. "( Lal so "/J "lJ "+J " not inefficient 7%. "( Lal so "lJ "+J " in, very invite, inflammable 73. "(!e between interloper 75. "(!#Lalso "(!a inside introspective 77. %"l # one thousand kilogram 7$. +e!a changing metaphysics 7;. +"c# small microcosm 7>. +"l"Lalso +"ll " one thousand millipede 7?. +" ' bad, hate misanthrope 7A. +#(# one monopoly 72. +&l!" many multifarious $%. (e# new neophyte $3. ("lLalso ("*"l nothing nihilism $5. (#( not nonentity $7. #$ Lalso #cJ #6J #p against obstinate $$. pa( all panegyric $;. paa beside paranormal $>. pe throughout permeate $?. pe" around periscope $A. p#l , many polyglot $2. p#'! after posterity ;%. pe before predecessor ;3. p"+ first primitive ;5. p# forward procession ;7. 0&a) four quadruple ;$. e again reiterate ;;. e!# backward retrograde ;>. 'e+" half semiliterate ;?. '&$ Lalso '&cJ '&6J '&/J '&pJ '&' under succumb ;A. '&peLalso '&pa above superannuated ;2. ',( Lalso ',+J ',l together synthesis >%. !a(' across transgression >3. &( not unkempt >5. &(" one unique R##!' <oo t (eanin g Example 3. ac bitter, sharp acrid 5. a/#/ leader demagogue 7. a/"Lalso a/a" field agriculture $. al " other alienate ;. al! high altostratus >. al!e other alternative ?. a+ love amiable A. a(" + soul animadversion 2. a(!*#p man, people anthropology 3%. ac* ruler monarch 33. a&) hear auditory 35. a&!# self autocracy 37. $ell " war bellicose 3$. $e( good benevolence 3;. $"$l" # book bibliophile 3>. $" # life biosphere 3?. cap take caprice 3A. cap"! head capitulate 32. ca( flesh incarnate 5%. ce) go accede 53. cele swift accelerate 55. ce(! one hundred centurion 57. c*#( time chronology 5$. c")e cut, kill fratricide 5;. c"! to call recite 5>. c" - citi/en civility 5?. c#) heart cordial 5A. c#p body corporeal 52. c#'+ universe cosmopolitan 7%. ca! power plutocrat 73. ce) belief incredulous 75. c& to care curable 77. )e$ debt debit 7$. )e+ people demagogue 7;. )"c to say :ictaphone 7>. )#c to teach doctorate 7?. ),(a+ power dynamism 7A. e/# I egocentric 72. e to wander errant $%. e& good euphemism $3. 6ac Lalso 6"cJ 6ecJ 6ec! to make affectation $5. 6all false infallible $7. 6e to carry fertile $$. 6") faith confidence $;. 6"( end finish $>. 6#! strong fortitude $?. /e( race, group genocide $A. /e# earth geology $2. /e+ vital part germane ;%. /e'! carry gesticulate ;3. /(#'" know prognosis ;5. /a)Lalso /e'' step transgress ;7. /ap* writing calligraphy ;$. /a- heavy gravitate ;;. /e/ crowd egregious ;>. *a$"! to have, live habituate ;?. *e+aLalso *e+# blood hemorrhage ;A. *e!e# different heterogeneous ;2. *#+# same homogeni/ed >%. *&+ earth, man humble >3. .acLalso .ec throw inter"ection >5. .&) "udge "udicious >7. .&(c!Lalso .#"( combine dis"unctive >$. .&'Lalso .& law, to swear ad"ure >;. l e/ law legislator >>. l"$e free libertine >?. l"c permit illicit >A. l #c place locomotion >2. l #/ word logic ?%. l#0& speak soliloquy ?3. +ac# large macrobiotics ?5. +a/( large magnanimous ?7. +al bad malevolent ?$. +a(& by hand manuscript ?;. +a! mother matriarch ?>. +e)" middle medieval ??. +e!e measure perimeter ?A. +"!Lalso +"'' send missive ?2. +#p* form, structure anthropomorphic A%. +&! change immutable A3. (a!Lalso (a'c born nascent A5. (e/ deny renegade A7. (#+e( name nominal A$. (#- new innovative A;. #+(" all omniscient A>. #peLalso #p&' work operative A?. pacLalso pla"' please complaisant AA. pa!eLalso pa! father expatriate A2. pa!* disease, feeling pathos 2%. pe)Lalso p#) foot pedestal 23. pelLalso p&l' push impulsive 25. pe( hang appendix 27. p*" l love philanthropic 2$. p"c! paint depict 2;. p#l " city metropolis 2>. p#! carry deportment 2?. p#'Lalso p#( to place posit 2A. p#! power potentate 22. p&! think computer 3%%. ec!Lalso e/ straight rectitude 3%3. ")"Lalso "'" laughter derision 3%5. #/ beg interrogate 3%7. &p! break interruption 3%$. 'a(c! holy sanctimonious 3%;. 'a(/&" blood sanguinary 3%>. 'a! enough satiate 3%?. 'c" know conscience 3%A. 'c"$Lalso 'c"p! to write circumscribe 3%2. 'e0&Lalso 'ec& follow sequence 33%. '"+"lLalso '"+&l resembling simile 333. '#l-Lalso '#l&! loosen absolve 335. '#p* wisdom unsophisticated 337. 'pec look circumspect 33$. 'p" breathe aspire 33;. '!"c!Lalso '!"(/ bind astringent 33>. '!& build construe 33?. !ac!Lalso !a(/J !"/ touch intangible 33A. !ec*(" skill technique 332. !e+p# time temporal 35%. !e( hold tenacious 353. !e+ end interminable 355. !e earth extraterrestrial 357. !e'! to witness testimony 35$. !*e god theocracy 35;. !*e+ heat thermodynamics 35>. !#+ cut epitome 35?. !#!Lalso !#' twist distortion 35A. !ac! draw, pull abstract 352. !"$ bestow attribute 37%. !&)Lalso !&' push protrude 373. !&"!Lalso !&! teach intuitive 375. &l!"+a last penultimate 377. &l!a beyond ultraviolet 37$. &$ city urbane 37;. -ac empty vacuous 37>. -al strength, valor valediction 37?. -e( come adventure 37A. -e true veracity 372. -e$ word verbose 3$%. -e'! clothe travesty 3$3. -"c change vicissitude 3$5. -"!Lalso -"- alive vivacious 3$7. -#c voice vociferous 3$$. -#l wish volition 1uffixes determine the part of speech a word belongs to. They are not as useful for determining a wordCs meaning as are roots and prefixes. 6evertheless, there are a few that are helpful. S&66"7e' 1uffix (eanin g Example 3. a$leLalso "$le capable of legible 5. ac, state of celibacy 7. a(! full of luxuriant $. a!e to make consecrate ;. eJ # one who censor >. 6" c making traffic ?. " ' + belief monotheism A. " '! one who fascist 2. " 3e to make victimi/e 3%. #") like steroid 33. #l #/, study of biology 35. #'e full of verbose 37. #&' full of fatuous 3$. !&)e state of rectitude 3;. &e state of, act primogeniture E7ec"'eI 'naly/e and define the following words. 'nswers begin on page 337. Example0 RETROGRADE 'nalysis0 retro ,backward-J grade ,step- (eaning0 to step backward, to regress 3. <IR<UMNAFIGATE 'nalysis0 (eaning0 5. MISANTHROEE 'nalysis0 (eaning0 7. ANAR<HY 'nalysis0 (eaning0 $. AUTOBIOGRAEHY 'nalysis0 (eaning0 ;. IN<REDULOUS 'nalysis0 (eaning0 >. EGO<ENTRI< 'nalysis0 (eaning0 ?. INBALLIBLE 'nalysis0 (eaning0 A. AMORAL 'nalysis0 (eaning0 2. INBIDEL 'nalysis0 (eaning0 3%. NONENTITY 'nalysis0 (eaning0 33. <OREULENT 'nalysis0 (eaning0 35. IRREEARABLE 'nalysis0 (eaning0 37. INTROSEE<TIFE 'nalysis0 (eaning0 3$. IMMORTALITY 'nalysis0 (eaning0 3;. BENEBA<TOR 'nalysis0 (eaning0 3>. DEGRADATION 'nalysis0 (eaning0 3?. DISEASSIONATE 'nalysis0 (eaning0 3A. AEATHETI< 'nalysis0 (eaning0 S#l&!"#(' !# E7ec"'e 3. <IR<UMNAFIGATE 'nalysis0 .I<.@( ,around-J 6'# ,to sail-J 'TE ,verb suffix- (eaning0 To sail around the world. 5. MISANTHROEE 'nalysis0 (I1 ,bad, hate-J '6T!<OE ,man- (eaning0 One who hates all mankind. 7. ANAR<HY 'nalysis0 '6 ,without-J '<.! ,ruler-J 9 ,noun suffix- (eaning0 &ithout rule, chaos. $. AUTOBIOGRAEHY 'nalysis0 '@TO ,self-J 4IO ,life-J =<'E! ,to write-J 9 ,noun suffix- (eaning0 OneCs written life story. ;. IN<REDULOUS 'nalysis0 I6 ,not-J .<E: ,belief-J O@1 ,ad"ective suffix- (eaning0 :oubtful, unbelieving. >. EGO<ENTRI< 'nalysis0 E=O ,self-J .E6T< ,center-J I. ,ad"ective suffix- (eaning0 1elfcentered. ?. INBALLIBLE 'nalysis0 I6 ,not-J )'88 ,false-J I48E ,ad"ective suffix- (eaning0 .ertain, cannot fail. A. AMORAL 'nalysis0 ' ,without-J (O<'8 ,ethical- (eaning0 &ithout morals. 6ote0 '(O<'8 does not mean immoralJ rather it means neither right nor wrong. .onsider the following example0 8ittle 1usie, who does not reali/e that it is wrong to hit other people, hits little 4obby. 1he has committed an '(O<'8 act. !owever, if her mother explains to 1usie that it is wrong to hit other people and she understands it but still hits 4obby, then she has committed an immoral act. 2. INBIDEL 'nalysis0 I6 ,not-J )I: ,belief- (eaning0 One who does not believe ,of religion-. 3%. NONENTITY 'nalysis0 6O6 ,not-J E6TIT9 ,thing- (eaning0 ' person of no significance. 33. <OREULENT 'nalysis0 .O<E ,body-J 8E6T ,ad"ective suffix- (eaning0 Obese. 35. IRREEARABLE 'nalysis0 I< ,not-J <EE'< ,to repair-J '48E ,can do- (eaning0 1omething that cannot be repairedJ a wrong so egregious it cannot be righted. 37. INTROSEE<TIFE 'nalysis0 I6T<O ,within-J 1EE.T ,to look-J I#E ,ad"ective suffix- (eaning0 To look inward, to analy/e oneself. 3$. IMMORTALITY 'nalysis0 I( ,not-J (O<T'8 ,sub"ect to death-J IT9 ,noun ending- (eaning0 .annot die, will live forever. 3;. BENEBA<TOR 'nalysis0 4E6E ,good-J )'.T ,to do-J O< ,noun suffix Mone whoN- (eaning0 One who does a good deed, a patron. 3>. DEGRADATION 'nalysis0 :E ,downLnegative-J =<':E ,step-J TIO6 ,noun suffix- (eaning0 The act of lowering someone socially or humiliating them. 3?. DISEASSIONATE 'nalysis0 :I1 ,awayLnegative-J E'11 ,to feel- (eaning0 :evoid of personal feeling, impartial. 3A. AEATHETI< 'nalysis0 ' ,without-J E'T! ,to feel-J I. ,ad"ective ending- (eaning0 &ithout feelingJ to be uninterested. ,The apathetic voters.- Idiom & Usae The field of grammar is huge and complexLtomes have been written on the sub"ect. This complexity should be no surprise since grammar deals with the process of communication. @sage concerns how we choose our words and how we express our thoughts0 in other words, are the connections between the words in a sentence logically sound, and are they expressed in a way that conforms to standard idiomK &e will study six ma"or categories0 O E#(#&( E#' O S&$.ec!1Fe$ A/ee+e(! O M"'place) M#)"6"e' O Ba&l!, Eaallel"'+ O Ba&l!, Fe$ Te('e O Ba&l!, I)"#+ 33A Vocabulary 4000 El&al we, us they them these those some that both ourselves any many few several others B#!* S"(/&la a() El&al any none all most more who which what you !RO"OU" ERRORS ' pronoun is a word that stands for a noun, known as the antecedent of the pronoun. The key point for the use of pronouns is this0 O Eronouns must agree with their antecedents in both number ,singular or plural- and person ,3 st , 5 nd , or 7 rd -. E7a+pleI 1teve has yet to receive his degree. !ere, the pronoun his refers to the noun Steve. )ollowing is a list of the most common pronouns0 ERONOUNS S"(/&la I, me she, her he, him it anyone either each many a nothing one another everything mine his, hers this that Idiom & Usage 332 <eference O ' pronoun should be plural when it refers to two nouns "oined by and. E7a+pleI Bane and Hatarina believe they passed the final exam. The plural pronoun they refers to the compound sub"ect Jane and Katarina. O ' pronoun should be singular when it refers to two nouns "oined by or or nor. Ba&l!, U'a/e 6either Bane nor Hatarina believes they passed the final. .orrect 6either Bane nor Hatarina believes she passed the final. O ' pronoun should refer to one and only one noun or compound noun. This is probably the most common pronoun error. If a pronoun follows two nouns, it is often unclear which of the nouns the pronoun refers to. Ba&l!, U'a/e The breakup of the 1oviet @nion has left nuclear eapons in the hands of unstable, nascent countries. It is imperative to world security that they be destroyed. 'lthough one is unlikely to take the sentence to mean that the countries must be destroyed, that interpretation is possible from the structure of the sentence. It is easily corrected0 The breakup of the 1oviet @nion has left nuclear eapons in the hands of unstable, nascent countries. It is imperative to world security that these weapons be destroyed. Ba&l!, U'a/e In 1omalia, they have become "aded by the constant warfare. This construction is faulty because they does not have an ante cedent. The sentence can be corrected by replacing they with people0 4etter0 In 1omalia, people have become "aded by the constant warfare. The people of 1omalia have become "aded by the constant warfare. O In addition to agreeing with its antecedent in number, a pronoun must agree with its antecedent in person. Ba&l!, U'a/e !ne enters this world with no responsibilities. Then comes school, then work, then marriage and family. 6o wonder, you look longingly to retirement. In this sentence, the sub"ect has changed from one ,third person- to you ,second person-. To correct the sentence either replace one with you or vice versa0 "ou enter this world with no responsibilities. Then comes school, then work, then marriage and family. 6o wonder, you look longingly to retirement. !ne enters this world with no responsibilities. Then comes school, then work, then marriage and family. 6o wonder, one looks longingly to retirement. D"ll I In each of the following sentences, part or all of the sentence is underlined. The answerchoices offer five ways of phrasing the underlined part. If you think the sentence as written is better than the alternatives, choose ', which merely repeats the underlined partJ otherwise choose one of the alternatives. 'nswers begin on page 3$5. 3. !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,'- !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,4- If the 'dministration had not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,.- !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, it would have been rated an '. ,:- !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on its budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,E- If the Eresident had not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, the 'dministrationCs first year in office would have been rated an '. 5. The new law requires a manufacturer to immediately notify their customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products. ,'- to immediately notify their customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products. ,4- to immediately notify customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of their products. ,.- to immediately, and without delay, notify its customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufac tureCs products. ,:- to immediately notify whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products that the customers may have bought. ,E- to immediately notify its customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products. 7. &orld &ar II taught the @nited 1tates the folly of punishing a vanquished aggressorJ so after the war, they enacted the (arshall Elan to rebuild =ermany. ,'- after the war, they enacted the (arshall Elan to rebuild =ermany. ,4- after the war, the (arshall Elan was enacted to rebuild =ermany. ,.- after the war, the (arshall Elan was enacted by the @nited 1tates to rebuild =ermany. ,:- after the war, the @nited 1tates enacted the (arshall Elan to rebuild =ermany. ,E- after the war, the @nited 1tates enacted the (arshall Elan in order to rebuild =ermany. $. In the 32;%Cs, integration was an anathema to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans accept it as desirable. ,'- to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans accept it as desirable. ,4- to most 'mericans, now, however, most 'mericans accept it. ,.- to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans are desirable of it. ,:- to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans accepted it as desirable. ,E- to most 'mericans. 6ow, however, most 'mericans will accept it as desirable. ;. =eologists in .alifornia have discovered a fault near the famous 1an 'ndreas )ault, one that they believe to be a trigger for ma"or quakes on the 1an 'ndreas. ,'- one that they believe to be a trigger for ,4- one they believe to be a trigger for ,.- one that they believe triggers ,:- that they believe to be a trigger for ,E- one they believe acts as a trigger for >. ' bite from the tsetse fly invariably paraly/es its victims unless an antidote is administered within two hours. ,'- its victims unless an antidote is administered ,4- its victims unless an antidote can be administered ,.- its victims unless an antidote was administered ,:- its victims unless an antidote is administered to the victims ,E- its victims unless they receive an antidote SUB#ECT$%ERB A&REE'E"T &ithin a sentence there are certain requirements for the relationship between the sub"ect and the verb. O The sub"ect and verb must agree both in number and person. E7a+pleI &e have surpassed our sales goal of one million dollars. !ere, the first person plural verb have agrees with its first person plural sub"ect e. 6ote, ironically, third person singula r verbs often end in s or es0 !e seems to be fair. O Intervening phrases and clauses have no effect on sub"ectverb agreement. E7a+pleI Only one of the EresidentCs nominees was confirmed. !ere, the singular verb as agrees with its singular sub"ect one. The intervening prepositional phrase o# the $resident%s nominees has no effect on the number or person of the verb. O &hen the sub"ect and verb are reversed, they still must agree in both number and person. E7a+pleI &ttached are copies of the contract. !ere, the plural verb are attached agrees with its plural sub"ect copies. The sentence could be rewritten as 'opies of the contract are attached. D"ll II 'nswers and solutions begin on page 3$>. 3. The rising cos t of government bureaucracy have made it all but impossible to reign in the budget deficit. ,'- The rising cost ,4- 1ince the rising costs ,.- 4ecause of the rising costs ,:- The rising costs ,E- <ising cost 5. In a copublication agreement, ownership of both the material and its means of distribution are equally shared by the parties. ,'- its means of distribution are equally shared by the parties. ,4- its means of distribution are shared equally by each of the parties. ,.- its means of distribution is equally shared by the parties. ,:- their means of distribution is equally shared by the parties. ,E- the means of distribution are equally shared by the parties. 7. The rise in negative attitudes toward foreigners indicate that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore tha t the opportunities are ripe for extremist groups to exploit the illegal immigration problem. ,'- indicate that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore that ,4- indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore ,.- indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore that ,:- indicates that the country is being less tolerant, and therefore ,E- indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant of and therefore that $. The harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased in 322% for the third straight year but were still at a robust level. ,'- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased in 322% for the third straight year but were ,4- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys began to decrease in 322% for the third straight year but were ,.- In 322%, the harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased for the third straight year but were ,:- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased for the third straight year in 322% but was ,E- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys began decreasing in 322% for the third straight year but was ;. Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhas a powerful, dynamic personality. ,'- Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhas ,4- Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhave ,.- 'll the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhas ,:- (ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLthe bookCs protagonistsL each has ,E- Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLcould have had 'IS!(ACED 'ODI)IERS O 's a general rule, a modifier should be placed as close as possible to what it modifies. E7a+pleI )ollowing are some useful tips for protecting your person and property from the )4I. 's written, the sentence implies that the )4I is a threat to your person and property. To correct the sentence put the modifier #rom the ()I next to the word it modifies, tips0 )ollowing are some useful tips from the )4I for protecting your person and property. O &hen a phrase begins a sentence, make sure that it modifies the sub"ect of the sentence. E7a+pleI .oming around the corner, a few moments passed before I could recogni/e my old home. 's worded, the sentence implies that the moments were coming around the corner. The sentence can be corrected as follows0 's I came around the corner, a few moments passed before I could recogni/e my old home. or .oming around the corner, I paused a few moments before I could recogni/e my old home. D"ll III 'nswers and solutions begin on page 3$2. 3. 4y focusing on poverty, the other causes of crimeLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc.Lhave been overlooked by sociologists. ,'- the other causes of crimeLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc.Lhave been overlooked by sociologists. ,4- the other causes of crime have been overlooked by sociologistsLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc. ,.- there are other causes of crime that have been overlooked by sociologistsLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc. ,:- crimesLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc.Lhave been overlooked by sociologists. ,E- sociologists have overlooked the other causes of crimeLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc. 5. @sing the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted. ,'- @sing the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted. ,4- Ereviously unknown galaxies are now being charted, using the !ubble telescope. ,.- @sing the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted by astronomers. ,:- @sing the !ubble telescope, astronomers are now charting previously unknown galaxies. ,E- &ith the aid of the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted. 7. The bitter cold the (idwest is experiencing is potentially life threatening to stranded motorists unless wellinsulated with protective clothing. ,'- stranded motorists unless insulated ,4- stranded motorists unless being insulated ,.- stranded motorists unless they are insulated ,:- stranded motorists unless there is insulation ,E- the stranded motorist unless insulated $. Traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, in 32$; 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career. ,'- Traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, in 32$; 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career. ,4- Traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career in 32$;. ,.- !aving traveled across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, in 32$; 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career. ,:- 'nsel 'dams, in 32$; began his photographic career, traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest. ,E- In 32$;, 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career, traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest. )AU(T* !ARA((E(IS' O )or a sentence to be parallel, similar elements must be expressed in similar form. O &hen two ad"ectives modify the same noun, they should have similar forms. E7a+pleI The topology course was both rigorous and a challenge. 1ince both rigorous and a challenge are modifying course, they should have the same form0 The topology course was both rigorous and challenging. O &hen a series of clauses is listed, the verbs in each clause must have the same form. E7a+pleI :uring his trip to Europe, the Eresident will discuss ways to stimulate trade, o##er economic aid, and trying to forge a new coalition with moderate forces in <ussia. In this example, the first two verbs, discuss and o##er, are active. 4ut the third verb in the series, trying, is passive. The form of the verb should be active0 :uring his trip to Europe, the Eresident will discuss ways to stimulate trade, o##er economic aid, and try to forge a new coalition with moderate forces in <ussia. O &hen the first half of a sentence has a certain structure, the second half should preserve that structure. E7a+pleI To ac*noledge that one is an alcoholic is ta*ing the first and hardest step to recovery. The first half of the above sentence has an infinitive structure, to ac*noledge, so the second half must have a similar structure0 To ac*noledge that one is an alcoholic is to ta*e the first and hardest step to recovery. D"ll IF 'nswers and solutions begin on page 3;5. 3. .ommon knowledge tells us that sensible exercise and eating properly will result in better health. ,'- eating properly will result ,4- proper diet resulted ,.- dieting will result ,:- proper diet results ,E- eating properly results 5. This century began with war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and a nascent communication age. ,'- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and a nascent communication age. ,4- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution surging, and a nascent communication age. ,.- war in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and a nascent communication age. ,:- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and the communication age beginning. ,E- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and saw the birth of the communication age. 7. It is often better to try repairing an old car than to "unk it. ,'- to try repairing an old car than to "unk it. ,4- to repair an old car than to have it "unked. ,.- to try repairing an old car than to "unking it. ,:- to try and repair an old car than to "unk it. ,E- to try to repair an old car than to "unk it. $. Burassic Eark, written by (ichael .richton, and which was first printed in 32AA , is a novel about a theme park of the future in which dinosaurs roam free. ,'- Burassic Eark, written by (ichael .richton, and which was first printed in 32AA, ,4- Burassic Eark, written by (ichael .richton and first printed in 32AA, ,.- Burassic Eark, which was written by (ichael .richton, and which was first printed in 32AA, ,:- &ritten by (ichael .richton and first printed in 32AA, Burassic Eark ,E- Burassic Eark, which was written by (ichael .richton and first printed in 32AA, )AU(T* %ERB TE"SE ' verb has four principal parts0 1. Ee'e(! Te('e a. @sed to express present tense. +e studies hard, b. @sed to express general truths. -uring a recession. people are cautious about ta*ing on more debt, c. @sed with ill or shall to express future time. +e ill ta*e the S&T ne/t year, 8. Ea'! Te('e a. @sed to express past tense. +e too* the S&T last year. 3. Ea'! Ea!"c"ple a. @sed to form the present per#ect tense, which indicates that an action was started in the past and its effects are continuing in the present. It is formed using have or has and the past participle of the verb. +e has prepared thoroughly #or the S&T, b. @sed to form the past per#ect tense, which indicates that an action was completed before another past action. It is formed using had and the past participle of the verb. +e had prepared thoroughly be#ore ta*ing the S&T, c. @sed to form the #uture per#ect tense, which indicates that an action will be completed before another future action. It is formed using ill have or shall have and the past participle of the verb. +e ill have prepared thoroughly be#ore ta*ing the S&T, :. Ee'e(! Ea!"c"ple 4-ing 6#+ #6 !*e -e$5 a. @sed to form the present progressive tense, which indicates that an action is ongoing. It is formed using is, am, or are and the present participle of the verb. +e is preparing thoroughly #or the S&T, b. @sed to form the past progressive tense, which indicates that an action was in progress in the past. It is formed using as or ere and the present participle of the verb. +e as preparing #or the S&T, c. @sed to form the #uture progressive tense, which indicates that an action will be in progress in the future. It is formed using ill be or shall be and the present participle of the verb. +e ill be preparing thoroughly #or the S&T, E'11I#E #OI.E The passive voice removes the sub"ect from the sentence. It is formed with the verb to be and the past participle of the main verb. Eassive0 'ctive0 The bill as resubmitted by the Senator, The Senator has resubmitted the bill, @nless you want to deemphasi/e the doer of an action, you should favor the active voice. D"ll F 'nswers and solutions begin on page 3;;. 3. In the past few years and to this day, many teachers of math and science had chosen to return to the private sector. ,'- had chosen to return to the private sector. ,4- having chosen to return to the private sector. ,.- chose to return to the private sector. ,:- have chosen to return to the private sector. ,E- have chosen returning to the private sector. 5. (ost of the homes that were destroyed in last summerCs brush fires were built with woodshake roofs. ,'- (ost of the homes that were destroyed in last summerCs brush fires were ,4- 8ast summer, brush fires destroyed most of the homes that were ,.- (ost of the homes that were destroyed in last summerCs brush fires had been ,:- (ost of the homes that the brush fires destroyed last summerCs have been ,E- (ost of the homes destroyed in last summerCs brush fires were being 7. 'lthough &orld &ar II ended nearly a half century ago, <ussia and Bapan still have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been reticent to develop closer relations. ,'- have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been ,4- did not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been ,.- have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries being ,:- have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries are ,E- are not signing a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been $. The :emocrats have accused the <epublicans of resorting to dirty tricks by planting a mole on the :emocratCs planning committee and then used the information obtained to sabotag e the :emocratCs campaign. ,'- used the information obtained to sabotage ,4- used the information they had obtained to sabotage ,.- of using the information they had obtained to sabotage ,:- using the information obtained to sabotage ,E- to have used the information obtained to sabotage Accep!KE7cep!I IDIO' & USA&E &ccept means *to agree to+ or *to receive.+ 0/cept means *to ob"ect to+ or *to leave out.+ &e will accept ,receive- your manuscript for review. 6o parking is allowed, e/cept ,leave out- on holidays. Acc#&(! 6#I &hen explaining something, the correct idiom is account #or0 &e had to account #or all the missing money. &hen receiving blame or credit, the correct idiom is account to0 9ou will have to account to the state for your crimes. A)ap!e) !#K6#K6#+I &dapted to means *naturally suited for.+ &dapted #or means *created to be suited for.+ &dapted #rom means *changed to be suited for.+ The polar bear is adapt e d t o the sub/ero temperatures. )or any *6ew Order+ to be successful, it must be adapted #or the continually changing world power structure. 8ucasC latest release is adapted #rom the 32;% 4movie *'ttack of the 'ma/ons.+ A66ec!KE66ec!I 0##ect is a noun meaning *a result.+ Increased fighting will be the e##ect of the failed peace conference. &##ect is a verb meaning *to influence.+ The rain a##ected their plans for a picnic. All ea), -'. Alea),I &ll ready means *everything is ready.+ &lready means *earlier.+ Al#! -'. A l#!I &lot is nonstandardJ a lot is the correct form. A+#(/KBe!9ee(I )eteen should be used when referring to two things, and among should be used when referring to more than two things. The young lady must choose beteen two suitors. The fault is spread evenly among the three defendants. Be"(/ !*a! -'. S"(ceI )eing that is nonstandard and should be replaced by since. 1(aulty2 )eing that darkness was fast approaching, we had to abandon the search. 1)etter2 Since darkness was fast approaching, we had to abandon the search. Be'")eKBe'")e'I 'dding an s to beside completely changes its meaning0 )eside means *next to.+ )esides means *in addition.+ &e sat beside ,next to- the host. )esides ,in addition-, money was not even an issue in the contract negotiations. <e(!e #( -'. <e(!e a#&()I 'enter around is colloquial. It should not be used in formal writing. 1(aulty2 The dispute centers around the effects of undocumented workers. 1'orrect2 The dispute centers on the effects of undocumented workers. <#(6#+ !# 4(#! with5I 1tewartCs writing does not con#orm to standard literary conventions. <#('e('&' #6 #p"("#(I 'onsensus o# opinion is redundant0 consensus means *general agreement.+ <#e'p#() !#K9"!*I 'orrespond to means *in agreement with+0 The penalty does not correspond to the severity of the crime. 'orrespond ith means *to exchange letters+0 !e corresponded ith many of the top European leaders of his time. D"66ee(! 6#+KD"66ee(! !*a(I The preferred form is di##erent #rom. Only in rare cases is di##erent than acceptable. The new .adillacs are very di##erent #rom the imported luxury cars. D#&$le (e/a!"-e'I 1(aulty2 Scarcely nothing was learned during the seminar. 1)etter2 Scarcely anything was learned during the seminar. D#&$! !*a! -'. D#&$! 9*e!*eI -oubt hether is nonstandard. 1(aulty2 I doubt hether his new business will succeed. 1'orrect2 I doubt that his new business will succeed. Ba!*eKB&!*eI @se #arther when referring to distance, and use #urther when referring to degree. They went no #urther ,degree- than necking. !e threw the discs #arther ,distance- than the top seated competitor. Be9eKLe''I @se #eer when referring to a number of items. @se less when referring to a continuous quantity. In the past, we had #eer options. The impact was less than what was expected. I)e(!"cal 9"!* 4(#! to5I This bid is identical ith the one submitted by you. I( c#(!a'! !# 4(#! of5I In contrast to the conservative attitudes of her time, (ae &est was quite provocative. I()epe()e(! #6 4(#! from5I The "udiciary is independent o# the other branches of government. N#! #(l, L $&! al'#I In this construction, but cannot be replaced with and. 1(aulty2 Eeterson is not only the top salesman in the department and also the most proficient. 1'orrect2 Eeterson is not only the top salesman in the department but also the most proficient. O( acc#&(! #6 -'. Beca&'eI )ecause is always better than the circumlocution on account o#. 1$oor2 !n account o# his poor behavior, he was expelled. 1)etter2 )ecause he behaved poorly, he was expelled. O(e a(#!*eKEac* #!*eI 0ach other should be used when referring to two things, and one another should be used when referring to more than two things. The members of the basketball team ,more than two- congratulated one another on their victory. The business partners ,two- congratulated each other on their successful first year. El&' -'. A()I :o not use plus as a con"unction meaning and. 1(aulty2 !is contributions to this community are considerable, plus his character is beyond reproach. 1'orrect2 !is contributions to this community are considerable, and his character is beyond reproach. 6ote0 $lus can be used to mean and so long as it is not being used as a con"unction. 1&cceptable2 !is generous financial contribution plus his donated time has made this pro"ect a success. In this sentence, plus is being used as a preposition. 6ote that the verb has is singular because an intervening prepositional phrase ,plus his donated time- does not affect sub"ect verb agreement. Re/a) -'. Re/a)'I @nless you are giving best wishes to someone, you should use regard. 1(aulty2 In regards to your letter, we would be interested in distributing your product. 1'orrect2 In regard to your letter, we would be interested in distributing your product. Re/a)le'' -'. Ie/a)le''I 3egardless means *not withstanding.+ !ence, the *ir+ in irregardless is redundant. 3egardless is the correct form. Re!#ac!"-e !# 4(#! from5I The correct idiom is retroactive to0 The tax increase is retroactive to )ebruary. Spea% !#K9"!*I To spea* to someone is to tell them something0 &e spo*e to Bennings about the alleged embe//lement. To spea* ith someone is to discuss something with them0 1teve spo*e ith his friend :ave for hours yesterday. T*e ea'#( "' $eca&'eI This structure is redundant. Equally common and doubly redundant is the structure the reason hy is because. 1$oor2 The reason hy I could not attend the party is because I had to work. 1)etter2 I could not attend the party because I had to work. W*e!*e -'. A' !# 9*e!*eI The circumlocution as to hether should be replaced by hether. 1$oor2 The @nited 6ations has not decided as to hether to authori/e a trade embargo. 1)etter2 The @nited 6ations has not decided hether to authori/e a trade embargo. W*e!*e -'. I6I Whether introduces a choiceJ i# introduces a condition. ' common mistake is to use i# to present a choice. 1(aulty2 !e inquired i# we had decided to keep the gift. 1'orrect2 !e inquired hether we had decided to keep the gift. D"ll FI 'nswers and solutions begin on page 3;?. 3. <egarding legali/ation of drugs, I am not concerned so much by its potential impact on middle class 'merica but instead by its potential impact on the inner city. ,'- but instead ,4- so much as ,.- rather ,:- but rather ,E- as 5. @nless you maintain at least a 5.% =E', you will not graduate medical school. ,'- you will not graduate medical school. ,4- you will not be graduated from medical school. ,.- you will not be graduating medical school. ,:- you will not graduate from medical school. ,E- you will graduate medical school. 7. The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers back t o a simpler time in 'merican history. ,'- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers back to ,4- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit harkens back to ,.- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers to ,:- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers from ,E- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit looks back to $. :ue to the chemical spill, the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,'- :ue to the chemical spill, the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,4- The reason that the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours is because of the chemical spill. ,.- :ue to the chemical spill, the commute into the city had been delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,:- 4ecause of the chemical spill, the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,E- The chemical spill will be delaying the commute into the city by as much as 5 hours. E#"(!' !# Re+e+$e 3. ' pronoun should be plural when it refers to two nouns "oined by and. 5. ' pronoun should be singular when it refers to two nouns "oined by or or nor. 7. ' pronoun should refer to one and only one noun or compound noun. $. ' pronoun must agree with its antecedent in both number and person. ;. The sub"ect and verb must agree both in number and person. >. Intervening phrases and clauses have no effect on sub"ectverb agreement. ?. &hen the sub"ect and verb are reversed, they still must agree in both number and person. A. 's a general rule, a modifier should be placed as close as pos sible to what it modifies. 2. &hen a phrase begins a sentence, make sure that it modifies the sub"ect of the sentence. 3%. )or a sentence to be parallel, similar elements must be expressed in similar form. 33. &hen two ad"ectives modify the same noun, they should have similar forms. 35. &hen a series of clauses is listed, the verbs must be in the same form. 37. &hen the first half of a sentence has a certain structure, the second half should preserve that structure. 3$. ' verb has four principal parts0 I. Ee'e(! Te('e a. @sed to express present tense. b. @sed to express general truths. c. @sed with ill or shall to express future time. II. Ea'! Te('e a. @sed to express past tense. III. Ea'! Ea!"c"ple a. @sed to form the present per#ect tense, which indi cates that an action was started in the past and its effects are continuing in the present. It is formed using have or has and the past participle of the verb. b. @sed to form the past per#ect tense, which indicates that an action was completed before another past action. It is formed using had and the past participle of the verb. c. @sed to form the #uture per#ect tense, which indicates that an action will be completed before another future action. It is formed using ill have or shall have and the past participle of the verb. IF. Ee'e(! Ea!"c"ple 4-ing 6#+ #6 !*e -e$5 a. @sed to form the present progressive tense, which indicates that an action is ongoing. It is formed using is, am, or are and the present participle of the verb. b. @sed to form the past progressive tense, which indi cates that an action was in progress in the past. It is formed using as or ere and the present participle of the verb. c. @sed to form the #uture progressive tense, which indicates that an action will be in progress in the future. It is formed using ill be or shall be and the present participle of the verb. 3;. @nless you want to deemphasi/e the doer of an action, you should favor the active voice. S#l&!"#(' !# D"ll I 3. !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,'- !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,4- If the 'dministration had not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,.- !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, it would have been rated an '. ,:- !ad the EresidentCs 'dministration not lost the vote on its budget reduction package, his first year in office would have been rated an '. ,E- If the Eresident had not lost the vote on the budget reduction package, the 'dministrationCs first year in office would have been rated an '. .hoice ,'- is incorrect because his appears to refer to the $resident, but the sub"ect of the subordinate clause is the $resident%s &dministration, not the $resident. .hoice ,4- changes the structure of the sentence, but retains the same flawed reference. In choice ,.-, it can refer to either the $resident%s &dministration or the budget reduction pac*age. Thus, the refer ence is ambiguous. .hoice ,:- adds another pronoun, its, but still retains the same flawed reference. .hoice ,E- corrects the flawed reference by removing all pronouns. The answer is ,E-. 5. The new law requires a manufacturer to immediately notify their customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products. ,'- to immediately notify their customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products. ,4- to immediately notify customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of their products. ,.- to immediately, and without delay, notify its customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufactureCs products. ,:- to immediately notify whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products that the customers may have bought. ,E- to immediately notify its customers whenever the government is contemplating a forced recall of any of the manufacturerCs products. .hoice ,'- is incorrect because the plural pronoun their cannot have the singular noun a manu#acturer as its antecedent. 'lthough choice ,4- corrects the given false reference, it introduces another one. Their can now refer to either customers or government, neither of which would make sense in this context. .hoice ,.- also corrects the false reference, but it introduces a redundancy0 immediately means *without delay.+ .hoice ,:- corrects the false reference, but its structure is very awkward. The direct ob"ect of a verb should be as close to the verb as possible. In this case, the verb noti#y is separated from its direct ob"ect cust omers by the clause 4that the government is contemplating a #orced recall o# any o# the manu#acturer%s products that,5 .hoice ,E- is correct because the singular pronoun its has the singular noun a manu#acturer as its antecedent. The answer is ,E-. 7. &orld &ar II taught the @nited 1tates the folly of punishing a vanquished aggressorJ so after the war, they enacted the (arshall Elan to rebuild =ermany. ,'- after the war, they enacted the (arshall Elan to rebuild =ermany. ,4- after the war, the (arshall Elan was enacted to rebuild =ermany. ,.- after the war, the (arshall Elan was enacted by the @nited 1tates to rebuild =ermany. ,:- after the war, the @nited 1tates enacted the (arshall Elan to rebuild =ermany. ,E- after the war, the @nited 1tates enacted the (arshall Elan in order to rebuild =ermany. .hoice ,'- is incorrect. 1ince United States is denoting the collective country, it is singular and therefore cannot be correctly referred to by the plural pronoun they. .hoice ,4- is not technically incorrect, but it lacks precision since it does not state who enacted the (arshall Elan. )urther, it uses a passive construction0 4as enacted,5 .hoice ,.- states who enacted the (arshall Elan, but it retains the passive construction 4as enacted,5 .hoice ,E- is secondbest. The phrase 4in order5 is unnecessary. .hoice ,:- corrects the false reference by replacing they with the United States. )urther, it uses the active verb enacted instead of the passive verb as enacted. The answer is ,:-. $. In the 32;%Cs, integration was an anathema to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans accept it as desirable. ,'- to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans accept it as desirable. ,4- to most 'mericans, now, however, most 'mericans accept it. ,.- to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans are desirable of it. ,:- to most 'mericansJ now, however, most 'mericans accepted it as desirable. ,E- to most 'mericans. 6ow, however, most 'mericans will accept it as desirable. The sentence is not incorrect as written. !ence, the answer is choice ,'-. .hoice ,4- creates a runon sentence by replacing the semicolon with a comma. &ithout a connecting wordLand. or. but, etc.Ltwo independent clauses must be "oined by a semicolon or written as two separate sentences. 'lso, deleting 4as desirable5 changes the meaning of the sentence. .hoice ,.- uses a very awkward construction0 are desirable o# it. .hoice ,:- contains an error in tense. The sentence progresses from the past to the present, so the verb in the second clause should be accept, not accepted. .hoice ,E- writes the two clauses as separate sentences, which is allowable, but it also changes the tense of the second clause to the future0 ill accept. ;. =eologists in .alifornia have discovered a fault near the famous 1an 'ndreas )ault, one that they believe to be a trigger for ma"or quakes on the 1an 'ndreas. ,'- one that they believe to be a trigger for ,4- one they believe to be a trigger for ,.- one that they believe triggers ,:- that they believe to be a trigger for ,E- one they believe acts as a trigger for .hoice ,'- is incorrect since the relative pronoun that is redundant0 the pronoun one, which refers to the newly discovered fault, is sufficient. 'lthough choice ,.- reads more smoothly, it still contains the double pronouns. .hoice ,:- is incorrect. =enerally, relative pronouns such as that refer to whole ideas in previous clauses or sentences. 1ince the second sentence is about the fault and not its discovery, the pronoun that is appropriate. .hoice ,E- is very tempting. It actually reads better than choice ,'-, but it contains a subtle flaw. !ne is the direct ob"ect of the verb believes and therefore cannot be the sub"ect of the verb acts. 1ince they clearly is not the sub"ect, the verb acts is without a sub"ect. .hoice ,4- has both the correct pronoun and the correct verb form. The answer is ,4-. >. ' bite from the tsetse fly invariably paraly/es its victims unless an antidote is administered within two hours. ,'- its victims unless an antidote is administered ,4- its victims unless an antidote can be administered ,.- its victims unless an antidote was administered ,:- its victims unless an antidote is administered to the victims ,E- its victims unless they receive an antidote .hoice ,'- is incorrect since it is unclear whether the victim or the fly should receive the antidote. .hoice ,4- is incorrect since is is more direct than can be. .hoice ,.- is incorrect. ' statement of fact should be expressed in the present tense, not the past tense. .hoice ,:- is wordy. ' pronoun should be used for the phrase the victims. .hoice ,E- is the answer since they correctly identifies who should receive the antidote. S#l&!"#(' !# D"ll II 3. The rising cos t of government bureaucracy have made it all but impossible to reign in the budget deficit. ,'- The rising cost ,4- 1ince the rising costs ,.- 4ecause of the rising costs ,:- The rising costs ,E- <ising cost .hoice ,'- is incorrect because the plural verb have does not agree with its singular sub"ect the rising cost. 4oth ,4- and ,.- are incorrect because they turn the sentence into a fragment. .hoice ,E- is incorrect because rising cost is still singular. .hoice ,:- is the correct answer since now the plural verb have agrees with its plural sub"ect the rising costs. 5. In a copublication agreement, ownership of both the material and its means of distribution are equally shared by the parties. ,'- its means of distribution are equally shared by the parties. ,4- its means of distribution are shared equally by each of the parties. ,.- its means of distribution is equally shared by the parties. ,:- their means of distribution is equally shared by the parties. ,E- the means of distribution are equally shared by the parties. .hoice ,'- is incorrect. <ecall that intervening phrases have no effect on sub"ectverb agreement. In this sentence, the sub"ect onership is singular, but the verb are is plural. :ropping the intervening phrase clearly shows that the sentence is ungrammatical0 In a co6publication. agreement onership are e7ually shared by the parties, .hoice ,4- is incorrect. 6either adding each o# nor inter changing shared and e7ually addresses the issue of sub"ectverb agreement. .hoice ,:- contains a faulty pronoun reference. The antecedent of the plural pronoun their would be the singular noun material. .hoice ,E- is incorrect since it still contains the plural verb are. The answer is choice ,.-. 7. The rise in negative attitudes toward foreigners indicate that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore tha t the opportunities are ripe for extremist groups to exploit the illegal immigration problem. ,'- indicate that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore that ,4- indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore ,.- indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant, and therefore that ,:- indicates that the country is being less tolerant, and therefore ,E- indicates that the country is becoming less tolerant of and therefore that .hoice ,'- has two flaws. )irst, the sub"ect of the sentence the rise is singular, and therefore the verb indicate should not be plural. 1econd, the comma indicates that the sentence is made up of two independent clauses, but the relative pronoun that immediately following there#ore forms a subordinate clause. .hoice ,.- corrects the number of the verb, but retains the subordinating relative pronoun that. .hoice ,:- corrects the number of the verb and eliminates the subordinating relative pronoun that. !owever, the verb being is less descriptive than the verb becoming0 's negative attitudes toward foreigners increase, the country becomes correspondingly less tolerant. )eing does not capture this notion of change. .hoice ,E- corrects the verbCs number, and by dropping the comma, makes the subordination allowable. !owever, it introduces the preposition o# which does not have an ob"ect0 less tolerant of whatK .hoice ,4- both corrects the verbCs number and removes the subordinating relative pronoun that. The answer is ,4-. $. The harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased in 322% for the third straight year but were still at a robust level. ,'- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased in 322% for the third straight year but were ,4- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys began to decrease in 322% for the third straight year but were ,.- In 322%, the harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased for the third straight year but were ,:- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys decreased for the third straight year in 322% but was ,E- The harvest of grapes in the local valleys began decreasing in 322% for the third straight year but was .hoice ,'- is incorrect since the singular sub"ect the harvest requires a singular verb, not the plural verb ere. .hoice ,4- is illogical since it states that the harvest began to decrease in 322% and then it states that it was the third straight year of decrease. In choice ,.- the plural verb ere still does not agree with its singular sub"ect the harvest. .hoice ,E- contains the same flaw as choice ,4-. .hoice ,:- has the singular verb as agreeing with its singular sub"ect the harvest. )urther, it places the phrase in 8990 more naturally. The answer is ,:-. ;. Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhas a powerful, dynamic personality. ,'- Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhas ,4- Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhave ,.- 'll the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLhas ,:- (ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLthe bookCs protagonistsL each has ,E- Each of the bookCs protagonistsL(ark 1treit, (ary Eby, and :r. ThomasLcould have had The sentence is grammatical as written. The answer is ,'-. &hen each, every, or many a precedes two or more sub"ects linked by and, they separate the sub"ects and the verb is singular. !ence, in choice ,4- the plural verb have is incorrect. .hoice ,.- is incorrect since the singular verb has does not agree with the plural sub"ect all. &hen each follows a plural sub"ect it does not separate the sub"ects and the verb remains plural. !ence, in choice ,:- the singular verb has is incorrect. .hoice ,E- also changes the meaning of the original sentence, which states that the protagonist d o have powerful, dynamic personalities. S#l&!"#(' !# D"ll III 3. 4y focusing on poverty, the other causes of crimeLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc.Lhave been overlooked by sociologists. ,'- the other causes of crimeLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc.Lhave been overlooked by sociologists. ,4- the other causes of crime have been overlooked by sociologistsLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc. ,.- there are other causes of crime that have been overlooked by sociologistsLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc. ,:- crimesLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc.Lhave been overlooked by sociologists. ,E- sociologists have overlooked the other causes of crimeLsuch as the breakup of the nuclear family, changing morals, the loss of community, etc. .hoice ,'- is incorrect since it implies that the other causes o# crime are doing the focusing. .hoice ,4- has the same flaw. .hoice ,.- is incorrect. The phrase by #ocusing on poverty must modify the sub"ect of the sentence, but there cannot be the sub"ect since the construction there are is used to introduce a sub"ect. .hoice ,:- implies that crimes are focusing on poverty. .hoice ,E- puts the sub"ect of the sentence sociologists imme diately next to its modifying phrase by #ocusing on poverty. The answer is ,E-. 5. @sing the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted. ,'- @sing the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted. ,4- Ereviously unknown galaxies are now being charted, using the !ubble telescope. ,.- @sing the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted by astronomers. ,:- @sing the !ubble telescope, astronomers are now charting previously unknown galaxies. ,E- &ith the aid of the !ubble telescope, previously unknown galaxies are now being charted. .hoice ,'- is incorrect because the phrase using the +ubble telescope does not have a noun to modify. .hoice ,4- is incorrect because the phrase using the +ubble telescope still does not have a noun to modify. .hoice ,.- offers a noun, astronomers, but it is too far from the phrase using the +ubble telescope. In choice ,E-, the phrase ith the aid o# the +ubble telescope does not have a noun to modify. .hoice ,:- offers a noun, astronomers, and places it immedi ately after the modifying phrase using the +ubble telescope. The answer is ,:-. 7. The bitter cold the (idwest is experiencing is potentially life threatening to stranded motorists unless wellinsulated with protective clothing. ,'- stranded motorists unless insulated ,4- stranded motorists unless being insulated ,.- stranded motorists unless they are insulated ,:- stranded motorists unless there is insulation ,E- the stranded motorist unless insulated .hoice ,'- is incorrect. 's worded, the sentence implies that the cold should be well insulated. .hoice ,4- is awkwardJ besides, it still implies that the cold should be well insulated. .hoice ,:- does not indicate what should be insulated. .hoice ,E-, like choices ,'- and ,4-, implies that the cold should be well insulated. .hoice ,.- is the answer since it correctly implies that the stranded motorists should be well insulated with protective clothing. $. Traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, in 32$; 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career. ,'- Traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, in 32$; 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career. ,4- In 32$;, 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career, traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest. ,.- !aving traveled across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, in 32$; 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career. ,:- 'nsel 'dams, in 32$; began his photographic career, traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest. ,E- Traveling across and shooting the vast expanse of the 1outhwest, 'nsel 'dams began his photographic career in 32$;. .hoice ,'- has two flaws. )irst, the introductory phrase is too long. 1econd, the sub"ect 'nsel 'dams should immediately follow the introductory phrase since it was 'nsel 'damsLnot the year 32$;L who was traveling and shooting the 1outhwest. .hoice ,4- is incorrect because the phrase 4traveling across: Southest5 is too far from its sub"ect 'nsel 'dams. 's written, the sentence seems to imply that the photographic career was traveling across and shooting the 1outhwest. .hoice ,.- is inconsistent in verb tense. )urther, it implies that 'dams began his photographic career after he traveled across the 1outhwest. .hoice ,:- is awkward. The best answer is choice ,E-. S#l&!"#(' !# D"ll IF 3. .ommon knowledge tells us that sensible exercise and eating properly will result in better health. ,'- eating properly will result ,4- proper diet resulted ,.- dieting will result ,:- proper diet results ,E- eating properly results .hoice ,'- is incorrect since eating properly ,verbadverb- is not parallel to sensible e/ercise ,ad"ectivenoun-. .hoice ,4- offers two parallel nouns, e/ercise and diet. !owever, a general truth should be expressed in the present tense, not in the past tense. .hoice ,.- is not parallel since it pairs the noun e/ercise with the gerund ,a verb acting as a noun- dieting. .hoice ,E- makes the same mistake as choice ,'-. .hoice ,:- offers two parallel nounsLe/ercise and dietLand two parallel verbsLtells and results. The answer is ,:-. 5. This century began with war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and a nascent communication age. ,'- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and a nascent communication age. ,4- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution surging, and a nascent communication age. ,.- war in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and a nascent communication age. ,:- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and the communication age beginning. ,E- war brewing in Europe, the industrial revolution wellestablished, and saw the birth of the communication age. .hoice ,'- is incorrect. 'lthough the first two phrases, ar breing in 0urope and the industrial revolution ell6established, have different structures, the thoughts are parallel. !owever, the third phrase, and a nascent communication age, is not parallel to the first two. .hoice ,4- does not make the third phrase parallel to the first two. .hoice ,.- changes the meaning of the sentence0 the new formulation states that war already existed in Europe while the original sentence states that war was only developing. .hoice ,E- is not parallel since the first two phrases in the series are noun phrases, but sa the birth o# the communication age is a verb phrase. &hen a word introduces a series, each element of the series must agree with the introductory word. 9ou can test the correctness of a phrase in a series by dropping the other phrases and checking whether the remaining phrase agrees with the introductory word. In this series, each phrase must be the ob"ect of the preposition ith0 This century began ith war brewing in Europe This century began ith the industrial revolution wellestablished This century began ith saw the birth of the communication age In this form, it is clear the verb sa cannot be the ob"ect of the preposition ith. .hoice ,:- offers three phrases in parallel form. The answer is ,:-. 7. It is often better to try repairing an old car than to "unk it. ,'- to try repairing an old car than to "unk it. ,4- to repair an old car than to have it "unked. ,.- to try repairing an old car than to "unking it. ,:- to try and repair an old car than to "unk it. ,E- to try to repair an old car than to "unk it. .hoice ,'- is incorrect since the verb repairing is not parallel to the verb ;un*. In choice ,4-, the construction have it ;un*ed is awkward. )urther, it changes the original construction from active to passive. .hoice ,.- offers a parallel construction ,repairing<;un*ing-, but it is awkward. .hoice ,:- also offers a parallel construction ,repair<;un*-, but the construction try and is not idiomatic. .hoice ,E- offers a parallel construction ,repair<;un*-, and the correct idiomLtry to. The answer is ,E-. $. Burassic Eark, written by (ichael .richton, and which was first printed in 32AA , is a novel about a theme park of the future in which dinosaurs roam free. ,'- Burassic Eark, written by (ichael .richton, and which was first printed in 32AA, ,4- Burassic Eark, written by (ichael .richton and first printed in 32AA, ,.- Burassic Eark, which was written by (ichael .richton, and which was first printed in 32AA, ,:- &ritten by (ichael .richton and first printed in 32AA, Burassic Eark ,E- Burassic Eark, which was written by (ichael .richton and first printed in 32AA, .hoice ,'- is incorrect since the verb ritten is not parallel to the construction hich as : printed. .hoice ,4- is the correct answer since the sentence is concise and the verb ritten is parallel to the verb printed. .hoice ,.- does offer a parallel structure ,hich as ritten<hich as printed-J however, choice ,4- is more concise. .hoice ,:- rambles. The introduction Written by : 89== is too long. .hoice ,E- also offers a parallel structure ,hich as ritten<>hich as? printed-J however, choice ,4- again is more concise. 6ote that hich as need not be repeated for the sentence to be parallel. S#l&!"#(' !# D"ll F 3. In the past few years and to this day, many teachers of math and science had chosen to return to the private sector. ,'- had chosen to return to the private sector. ,4- having chosen to return to the private sector. ,.- chose to return to the private sector. ,:- have chosen to return to the private sector. ,E- have chosen returning to the private sector. .hoice ,'- is incorrect because it uses the past perfect had chosen, which describes an event that has been completed before another event. 4ut the sentence implies that teachers have and are continuing to return to the private sector. !ence, the present perfect tense should be used. .hoice ,4- is incorrect because it uses the present progressive tense having chosen, which describes an ongoing event. 'lthough this is the case, it does not capture the fact that the event began in the past. .hoice ,.- is incorrect because it uses the simple past chose, which describes a past event. 4ut again, the sentence implies that the teachers are continuing to opt for the private sector. .hoice ,:- is the correct answer because it uses the present perfect have chosen to describe an event that occurred in the past and is continuing into the present. .hoice ,E- is incorrect because it leaves the thought in the sentence uncompleted. 5. (ost of the homes that were destroyed in last summerCs brush fires were built with woodshake roofs. ,'- (ost of the homes that were destroyed in last summerCs brush fires were ,4- 8ast summer, brush fires destroyed most of the homes that were ,.- (ost of the homes that were destroyed in last summerCs brush fires had been ,:- (ost of the homes that the brush fires destroyed last summerCs have been ,E- (ost of the homes destroyed in last summerCs brush fires were being .hoice ,'- is incorrect because the simple past ere does not express the fact that the homes had been built before the fire destroyed them. .hoice ,4- merely rearranges the wording while retaining the simple past ere. .hoice ,.- is the correct answer because it uses the past perfect had been to indicate that the homes were completely built before they were destroyed by the fires. .hoice ,:- is incorrect because it uses the present perfect have been, which implies that the homes were destroyed before being built. .hoice ,E- is incorrect. 'lthough dropping the phrase that ere makes the sentence more concise, the past progressive ere being implies that the homes were destroyed while being built. 7. 'lthough &orld &ar II ended nearly a half century ago, <ussia and Bapan still have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been reticent to develop closer relations. ,'- have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been ,4- did not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been ,.- have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries being ,:- have not signed a formal peace treatyJ and both countries are ,E- are not signing a formal peace treatyJ and both countries have been The sentence is grammatical as written. The present perfect verb have : signed correctly indicates that they have not signed a peace treaty and are not on the verge of signing one. )urther, the present perfect verb have been correctly indicates that in the past both countries have been reluctant to develop closer relations and are still reluctant. The answer is ,'-. In choice ,4-, the simple past did does not capture the fact that they did not sign a peace treaty immediately after the war and still have not signed one. .hoice ,.- is very awkward, and the present progressive being does not capture the fact that the countries have been reluctant to thaw relations since after the war up through the present. In choice ,:-, the present tense are leaves open the possibility that in the past the countries may have desired closer relations but now no longer do. In choice ,E-, the present progressive tense are : signing, as in choice ,:-, leaves open the possibility that in the past the countries may have desired closer relations but now no longer do. $. The :emocrats have accused the <epublicans of resorting to dirty tricks by planting a mole on the :emocratCs planning committee and then used the information obtained to sabotag e the :emocratCs campaign. ,'- used the information obtained to sabotage ,4- used the information they had obtained to sabotage ,.- of using the information they had obtained to sabotage ,:- using the information obtained to sabotage ,E- to have used the information obtained to sabotage .hoice ,'- is incorrect because the simple past obtained does not express the fact that the information was gotten before another past actionLthe sabotage. .hoice ,4- is incorrect because used is not parallel to o# resorting. .hoice ,.- is correct because the phrase o# using is parallel to the phrase o# resorting. )urther, the past perfect had obtained correctly expresses that a past actionLthe spyingLwas completed before another past actionLthe sabotage. .hoice ,:- is incorrect because using is not parallel to o# resorting and the past perfect is not used. .hoice ,E- is incorrect because to have used is not parallel to o# resorting and the past perfect is not used. S#l&!"#(' !# D"ll FI 3. <egarding legali/ation of drugs, I am not concerned so much by its potential impact on middle class 'merica but instead by its potential impact on the inner city. ,'- but instead ,4- so much as ,.- rather ,:- but rather ,E- as The correct structure for this type of sentence is not so much by as by , The answer is ,E-. 5. @nless you maintain at least a 5.% =E', you will not graduate medical school. ,'- you will not graduate medical school. ,4- you will not be graduated from medical school. ,.- you will not be graduating medical school. ,:- you will not graduate from medical school. ,E- you will graduate medical school. .hoice ,'- is incorrect. In this context, graduate requires the word #rom0 *you will not graduate #rom medical school.+ The use of the passive voice in choices ,4- and ,.- weakens the sentence. .hoice ,:- is the answer since it uses the correct idiom graduate #rom. .hoice ,E- changes the meaning of the sentence and does not correct the faulty idiom. 7. The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers back t o a simpler time in 'merican history. ,'- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers back to ,4- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit harkens back to ,.- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers to ,:- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit refers from ,E- The studioCs retrospective art exhibit looks back to .hoice ,'- is incorrect. 3etrospective means looking back on the past. !ence, in the phrase re#ers bac*, the word bac* is redundant. .hoice ,4- is incorrect because har*ens bac* is also redundant. .hoice ,.- is correct. :ropping the word bac* eliminates the redundancy. .hoice ,:- is incorrect because the preposition #rom is non idiomatic. .hoice ,E- is incorrect because loo*s bac* is also redundant. $. :ue to the chemical spill, the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,'- :ue to the chemical spill, the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,4- The reason that the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours is because of the chemical spill. ,.- :ue to the chemical spill, the commute into the city had been delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,:- 4ecause of the chemical spill, the commute into the city will be delayed by as much as 5 hours. ,E- The chemical spill will be delaying the commute into the city by as much as 5 hours. .hoice ,'- is incorrect. 'lthough many educated writers and speakers begin sentences with due to, it is almost always incorrect. .hoice ,4- is incorrect0 it is both redundant and awkward. .hoice ,.- is incorrect. The past perfect had been delayed implies the delay no longer exists. !ence, the meaning of the sentence has been changed. .hoice ,:- is correct. In general, due to should not be used as a substitute for because o#. oing to. by reason o#, etc. .hoice ,E- is incorrect. The future progressive ill be delaying is unnecessary and ponderous. !ad choice ,E- used the simple future ill delay, it would have been better that choice ,:- because then it would be more direct and active.