MAE 311: Machines and Mechanisms I Spring 2014

Assignment #3 Due Date: 3/7/2014

Copyright 2014 Phillip M. Cormier and Jobaidur Khan

Problem 1 (25 Points)
The steel eyebolt shown in Figure 1 is loaded with a force of 75 pounds. The bolt is formed from round
stock with a diameter of 0.25 inches, and has in inner bend radius of 0.5 inches in the eye and at the end
of the shank. Estimate the stress at the inner and outer surfaces of section B, where u = 30.


Figure 1: Problem 1 Diagram

Sol. d = 0.25 in, r
o
= 0.75 on, r
i
= 0.5 in,

From table 3-4, for circular cross-section, we get, R = 0.125 in, r
c
= 0.5 + 0.125 = 0.625 in


( ) ( )
in 618686 . 0
125 . 0 625 . 0 625 . 0 2
125 . 0
r r r 2
r
r
2 2
2
2 2
c c
2
n
=

=

=

in 006314 . 0 618686 . 0 625 . 0 r r e
n c
= = =
in 118686 . 0 5 . 0 618686 . 0 r r c
i n i
= = =
in 131314 . 0 618686 . 0 75 . 0 r r c
i o o
= = =
Cross-section area,
2
2
in 049087 . 0
4
d
A =
t
=

The angle u of the line of radius centers is,

=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
= u

30
2
1
sin
R d R
2 d R
sin
1 1


Moment, ( ) ( ) in . lbf 44 . 23 30 Sin 2 25 . 0 5 . 0 75 Sin 2 d R F M = + = u + =

kpsi 7 . 18 psi 716 , 18
5 . 0 006314 . 0 049087 . 0
118686 . 0 44 . 23
049087 . 0
30 Sin 75
Aer
Mc
A
FSin
i
i
i
= =

= +
u
= o

psi k 5 . 12 psi 478 , 12
75 . 0 006314 . 0 049087 . 0
131314 . 0 44 . 23
049087 . 0
30 Sin 75
Aer
Mc
A
FSin
o
o
o
= =

=
u
= o


MAE 311: Machines and Mechanisms I Spring 2014
Assignment #3 Due Date: 3/7/2014

Copyright 2014 Phillip M. Cormier and Jobaidur Khan

Problem 2 (25 Points)
The latch spring shown in Figure 2 supports a load of 3 pounds. Given the noted dimensions, determine
the following:
a) Determine the stresses at the top and bottom of the beam, just before the bend.
b) Using curved beam theory, determine the inner and outer stresses at the bend.
c) Compare the stresses between the curved portion and bent portion to determine an effective
stress concentration factor.

Figure 2: Problem 2 Diagram

Sol. (a)
( )( )
( )
kpsi 02 . 8 psi 8021
12 in 1094 . 0 in 75 . 0
in 1094 . 0 5 . 0 in 4 lb 3
I
Mc
3
= =

= = o

(b) From table 3-4, for rectangular cross-section,
we get, r
i
= 0.125 in, r
o
= r
i
+ h = 0.125 + 0.1094 = 0.2344 in

( ) ( )
in 174006 . 0
125 . 0 2344 . 0 ln
1094 . 0
r r ln
h
r
i o
n
= = =
in 005694 . 0 174006 . 0 1797 . 0 r r e
n c
= = =
in 049006 . 0 125 . 0 174006 . 0 r r c
i n i
= = =
in 060394 . 0 174006 . 0 2344 . 0 r r c
i o o
= = =
Cross-section area,
2
in 08205 . 0 1094 . 0 75 . 0 bh A = = =
M = 3 lb 4 in = 12 lb.in

The negative sign is due to convention, now the stresses,
kpsi 1 . 10 psi 070 , 10
125 . 0 005694 . 0 08205 . 0
049006 . 0 12
Aer
Mc
i
i
i
= =


= = o
kpsi 62 . 6 psi 618 , 6
2344 . 0 005694 . 0 08205 . 0
060394 . 0 12
Aer
Mc
o
o
o
= =


= = o

MAE 311: Machines and Mechanisms I Spring 2014
Assignment #3 Due Date: 3/7/2014

Copyright 2014 Phillip M. Cormier and Jobaidur Khan

(c) Stress concentrations,
26 . 1
02 . 8
1 . 10
K
i
i
=

=
o
o
=
825 . 0
02 . 8
62 . 6
K
o
o
= =
o
o
=

Problem 3 (50 Points Total)
Compute the factor of safety for points A and B using both the distortion energy theory and max shear
stress theory. The bar is made from AISI 1006 cold-drawn steel, and is loaded with force F = 550 N, P
= 4000 N, and T = 25 N-m. Determine the required diameter change to bring the most restrictive case
up to a factor of safety of 3.

Figure 3: Problem 3 Diagram

Sol. Using Table A-20, o
yp
= 280 MPa
Lets analyze the point B,










o
x from bending

x z
y
t
T

o
x from P

MAE 311: Machines and Mechanisms I Spring 2014
Assignment #3 Due Date: 3/7/2014

Copyright 2014 Phillip M. Cormier and Jobaidur Khan


For point B the bending stress from F will cause a normal stress in the x direction,

( )
MPa Pa
m
m N
d
M
I
c M
F F
bend x
166 10 166
015 . 0
1 . 0 550 32 32
6
3 3
= =

= = =
t t
o

For point B the axial stress (tension) from P will cause a normal stress in the x direction,

( )
MPa Pa
m
N
d
P
A
P
axial
6 . 22 10 6 . 22
015 . 0
4000 4 4
6
2 2
= =

= = =
t t
o

So, total axial stress at B, o
x
= o
x,bend
+ o
axial
= 188.6 MPa

Shear stress for torsion,
( )
MPa 7 . 37
m 015 . 0
m . N 25 16
d
T 16
J
Tr
3 3
T
=
t

=
t
= = t

So, total shear stress, MPa 7 . 37
T xy
= t = t

So, according to DE, ( ) ( ) 4 . 1 7 . 37 3 6 . 188
280
3
2 2 2 2
= + = + = n
n n
xy x
yp
t o
o


So, according to MSST, ( ) ( ) 38 . 1 7 . 37 4 6 . 188
280
4
2 2 2 2
= + = + = n
n n
xy x
yp
t o
o


Lets analyze the point A,













For point A the axial stress (tension) from P will cause a normal stress in the x direction,

( )
MPa Pa
m
N
d
P
A
P
axial
6 . 22 10 6 . 22
015 . 0
4000 4 4
6
2 2
= =

= = =
t t
o

o
x from P

x z
y
t
T

t
F


MAE 311: Machines and Mechanisms I Spring 2014
Assignment #3 Due Date: 3/7/2014

Copyright 2014 Phillip M. Cormier and Jobaidur Khan

Shear stress for torsion,
( )
MPa 7 . 37
m 015 . 0
m . N 25 16
d
T 16
J
Tr
3 3
T
=
t

=
t
= = t
Shear stress from F,
( )
MPa
m
N
d
F
A
F
F
15 . 4
015 . 0 3
550 16
3
16
3
4
2 2
=


= = =
t t
t

So, total shear stress, MPa
F T xz
55 . 33 15 . 4 7 . 37 = + = + = t t t

So, according to DE, ( ) ( ) 27 . 4 55 . 35 3 6 . 22
280
3
2 2 2 2
= + = + = n
n n
xz x
yp
t o
o


So, according to MSST, ( ) ( ) 75 . 3 55 . 35 4 6 . 22
280
4
2 2 2 2
= + = + = n
n n
xz x
yp
t o
o


This is obvious from the previous calculation that MSST in point B gives most restrictive case. So, the
design calculation becomes,

3 3 3
F F
bend x
d
2 . 560
d
m 1 . 0 N 550 32
d
M 32
I
c M
=
t

=
t
= = o

For point B the axial stress (tension) from P will cause a normal stress in the x direction,

2 2 2
5093 4000 4 4
d d
N
d
P
A
P
axial
=

= = =
t t
o

So, total axial stress at B,
2 3
5093 2 . 560
d d
axial bend x x
+ = + = o o o

Shear stress for torsion,
3 3 3
T
d
3 . 127
d
m . N 25 16
d
T 16
J
Tr
=
t

=
t
= = t

So, total shear stress,
3
T xy
d
3 . 127
= t = t

So, according to MSST,

( ) ( ) ( ) | |
mm m d
d d
d d d n
xy x
yp
20 02 . 0
0 3 . 127 4 5093 2 . 560 9 10 280
3 . 127
4
5093 2 . 560
3
10 280
4
2 2
2
3 6
2
3
2
2 3
6
2 2
= ~
= + +
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

+ = t o
o

The diameter needs to be increased by 33%.