Slot Turnstyle Antenna

N.I.Voytovich, D.S. Klygach, N.N.Repin

Electronics Department
Southern Ural State University
76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk, Russia, 454080
voytovichnimail.ru, 86kdsmail.ru, rnn17mail.ru


Abstract-A slot turnstile antenna proposed by the authors
has a circular pattern in a horizontal plane with a horizontal
polarization of the radiation field. The antenna construction is
simple. Voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna
model is less 1.2 in 60 frequency band relative to the mean
frequency. It is able to transmit a high power.
Key words: turnstile antenna; pattern; bandwidth; JSWR;
diffraction; 1J broadcast.
I. INTRODUCTION
Proposed by the authors oI this paper the slot turnstile
antenna (STA) attracts the attention by the simplicity oI its
construction, by the wide band oI antenna matching with a
Ieeder. STA has the circular pattern in the horizontal plane with
the horizontal polarization oI the radiation Iield. For example,
STA is usable Ior a TV broadcast in ultra-short waves range.
For the Iirst time a slot antenna Ior TV broadcast was
introduced by A.D. Blumlein in the 1938. Antenna was a
narrow slot cut on a metal pipe in parallel with the metal pipe
axis. The pipe diameter oI the currently known slot antennas is
about a wave length divided by 2t . The narrow operating
Irequency range is another Iault oI the known antennas.
Introduced by the authors antenna is made oI two metal plates
with the slots where two slots with a common axis serving as
the antenna axis are Iormed. The methods oI the operating
Irequency range expansion with the help oI matching devices
are presented in the paper. The antenna matching band may be
oI several tens percent relative to the midband Irequency. The
results oI the investigation oI the antenna array made oI Iour
slot turnstile antennas are presented.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
Proposed by the authors antenna is made oI two metal
plates with the slots. DiIIerent methods oI plates connection are
possible. For example (Fig.1), one oI the plates is cut along the
axis, then both halves 1 and 2 oI the plate are connected
galvanically with the plate 3 noncut with a cross Iormation in
the top view (Fig.2). The antenna is Ied by the coaxial cables
laid in the tubular screens 4 and 5 on the plates.
The outer conductor oI every coaxial cable has a galvanic
contact with the tubular screen end and the slot edge (Fig.2).
The central conductor 6 (7) placed over the slot is connected
with the input oI the matching device having a galvanic contact
another slot edge.

Figure 1. Slot turnstile antenna design.

Figure 2. Cross-sectional view.
III. PROBLEM FORMULATION
The object oI this paper is a strict electrodynamic analysis
oI STA. It is necessary to examine the amplitude and phase
antenna patterns oI two-sided slot antenna in the turnstile
antenna complex, to deIine basic electrodynamic characteristics
oI the slot turnstile antenna with regard to the mutual inIluence
oI the slot antennas to each other. It is necessary to Iind the
relationship between matching device parameters and antenna
range properties.

978-88-907018-1-8/13/$31.00 2013 IEEE
2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
1172
IV. PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES
Numerical calculations and experimental tests were
perIormed to solve the given problems. Numerical calculations
Ior two-sided slot antenna on a inIinitely thin perIectly
conducting tape were perIormed on the basis oI the strict
solving the problem oI Ilat wave by diIIraction on a tape |1|.
Integral equation method was used in numerical calculations
Ior two-sided slot antenna on a Iinite thickness tape. Direct
space-time method was used in numerical calculations Ior the
antenna on a screen oI the Iinite thickness and limited sizes |2|.
The direct spatiotemporal method solves the electrodynamic
problem that generalized on a Iour-dimensional space. The
boundary value problem that Iormulates Ior a continuous
continuum reduces in a variational- and projection-grid model.
Herewith, an excitation real device and matching device were
taken into account. A short video pulse Iorces on the
electrodynamic device that excites practically all enable proper
mode oI the study device. It make oI the reaction as observable
response that passes in the time.

Physical model of two-sided slot antenna

It is supposed that we have a Ilat inIinitely thin perIectly
conducting plate conIined by some contour in general case oI
optional Iorm in which a slot is cut (Fig.3).


Figure 3. Geometry oI two-sided slot antenna.
The point 2 in the slot center is taken as an origin oI the
spherical coordinate system
( ) , , U u
with unitary vectors
( )
, ,
U u
i i i
and the Cartesian coordinate system
( ) , , [ \ ]
with
unitary vectors
( )
, ,
[ \ ]
i i i
. The axis ] is directed in parallel
with the slot longitudinal edge. On the slot surIace

6
there
is an upper side 0 0 [ = + and a bottom side 0 0 [ = . Let
the distribution oI the electrical Iield strength
0 0 \
( = E i

is
known. The given electrical Iield strength distribution in the
slot can be represented by a Ioreign magnetic source
P

j
,
which is Iormed by two surIace magnetic currents: magnetic
current
1
PV
j , distributed on the upper side 0 0 [ = + and
magnetic current
2
PV
j

on the bottom plate side 0 0 [ = :

1
2
0 0;
0 0,
PV
P

PV

= +

j
j
j
(1)

where:

( )
1 0 0
2 0 0
;
.
PV
[ ]
PV
[ ]
(
(
= =
= =
j i E i
j i E i
(2)

The electric Iields on the upper and bottom plate sides are
in phase between themselves and the corresponding surIace
magnetic currents are in the opposite phase. The tangential
component oI the electric Iield strength on the both plate sides
is equal to zero.
Problem solving

Let us deIine the directivity pattern oI the considered two-
sided slot antenna. For this purpose we use the integral
Iormulation oI the Lorentz lemma. As the Iirst Iield in the
Lorentz lemma we consider the required Iield oI the two-sided
slot antenna Iormed by the indicated Iirst source
P

j
. As the
sources and the plate are arranged on the Iinite distance Irom
the coordinate origin, the dependence oI the required
Iield
( , ) E H
upon the distance U when U has the
structure oI the outgoing spherical wave:


(3)



where
( )
, , , + +
u u
the vector components oI the electric
E (magnetic H ) Iield strength; 120 : = t Ohm wave
resistance oI Iree space;
0
=
r
r
r
unitary vector oI radius-
vector oI the viewpoint r ;
0
sin cos sin sin cos
[ \ ]
= u + u + u r i i i
,
2 N = t
wave
number; wave length;
( )
1
, ) u
,
( )
2
, ) u
complex
antenna directivity patterns, deIined in the problem solution;
the largest distance Irom the coordinate origin, arranged
in the sources region, till the point oI the Iinal source; 2
Landau symbol.
We are interested in the directivity pattern in the Iar zone
that is the vector behavior
( ) H r
when U , that is why
the desire is natural to use as the second source in the Lorentz
lemma the Ilat wave (
S
E
,
S
H
), Iormed by the inIinitely
distant source:
( )
exp
S PS
L = H H k r

S S S
: = E r H
,
where

k
wave vector, deIining the direction
( )
,
S S S
r u

oI the Ilat wave arrival,
( sin cos sin sin cos )
S S [ S S \ S S ] S
N N u u u = = + + k r i i i
(the
wave is moving in the direction oI the unitary vector (
S
r
)).

The usage oI a Ioreign source in the Iorm oI a Ilat wave
results in radiation condition violation. However iI the
Iunctions
,
S S
E H

are subtracted Irom the Iunctions
( ) ( )
,
P P
E H
, presenting by themselves the Green Iunction in
the solution oI the problem oI Ilat wave diIIraction on a plate,
then the dissipation Iield
V
E ,
V
H
( ) ( )
,
P P
V S V S
= = E E E H H
satisIies already
the radiation condition. The Green Iunction
( )
( ) ( )
,
P P
E H
,
received in the result oI the problem solution oI the Ilat wave
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0
1
2
;
exp
, , , 1 ;
exp
, , , 1 ,
P
P
:
LNU
( : + ( ) 2
NU U
LNU
( : + ( ) 2
NU U
u u
u

u u u

u u u
=
( | |
= = +
| (
\
( | |
= = +
| (
\
E H r
2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
1173
diIIraction on the considered plate with the metallized slot,
will be represented in the Iorm:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
exp ; exp
P P
PS S V PS S V
L L + + = = E E k r E H H k r H

(4)
We think that the volume 9 in the Lorentz lemma is conIined
by the surIace S, consisting oI the sphere surIace oI large
radius
U
6 with the center in the coordinate origin and oI the
surIace oI the plate with the metallized slot

6
.
The asymptotic meaning oI the integral on the surIace
U
6
when NU is Iound in the work. The vector tangential
component
( ) P
E conIorms to the same boundary conditions to
which the tangential component oI the desired Iield satisIies:
( )
( )
0

P
6
= n E
. Then the integral on the surIace

6 turns
out to be equal to zero.
When calculating the integral on the volume 9 the
surIace currents
1
PV
j

2
PV
j

are represented as marginal
meanings oI the volumetric current density
P
FP
j

when the
source coordinates are tending to the plate surIace.


As a result the relationships are received Ior calculating
the directivity patterns oI the slot antenna on the plate
conIined by an arbitrary contour:

(5)


(6)

The bottom indexes u and in
( ) P
u
H
and
( ) P

H
mean
that the Iields are Iormed by a Ilat wave with the magnetic
Iield strength vector oriented along the unitary vectors
u
i and

i accordingly. With the help oI the Iormulas (5 ) and ( 6) the

directivity patterns are calculated with the accuracy up to the
constant Iactor depending on the accepted normalization oI the
magnetic Iield density and the magnetic Iield strength.

Narrow slot

In the particular case when the slot is inIinitely narrow:


1
( ) ( 0)
PV P
]
, ] \ = j i o
, (7)

then the expression (6) takes the Iollowing Iorm (8)


where O the slot length.
Let the Ilat wave Ialls normally to the surIace oI the
rectangular plate
( )
2
S
= u t
. With the plate longitudinal size
increase the contribution oI its end areas and adjacent regions
into the dissipation Iield Iormation in the plane 0 ] = will
quickly go down. Then the maximum transition to the two-
dimensional Ilat problem Ior diIIraction Iield Iinding becomes
justiIied. II with the longitudinal size increase the radius oI the
distant sphere 5 O
,
then the electromagnetic Iield has the
Iorm oI the diverging spherical wave. Consequently, all
conditions oI the correct maximum transition will be provided.
Then in the limiting case
( ) P

H
diIIraction Iield oI the Ilat
wave on the tape. In Fig. 4, 5 the amplitude and phase
directivity patterns oI the two-sided slot antenna arranged in
the tape center in parallel with its edges are given. The tape
perimeter is equal to L.


Figure 4. Amplitude patterns oI the two-sided slot antenna;
----
/

1, - - -
/

4


Figure 5. Phase patterns ----
/

1, - - -
/

4
V. OBTAINED RESULTS
The paper presented the antenna parameters depending on
the slab and slot dimensions, depending on the matching device
characteristic, depending on the disposition oI the excite point
relative to the narrow edge oI the slot. As demonstrated in the
paper it is possible to increase a stiIIness oI antenna
construction by inclusion oI antenna support in the antenna
construction. The results oI the theoretical and experimental the
probe antenna study are presented in the paper. It is a vertical
antenna array oI the Iour slot turnstile radiators. The probe
antenna contains a two band with the Iour slots, the Iour
channels and the top and bottom brackets. The channels are
placed along the vertical band edges. It is shown that the probe
antenna has the circular directivity pattern (Iig.6), standing-
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
( , ) ( ) 0 0, 0, 0 0, 0, ,
4
O
P P P
]
O
N
) L , ] [ \ ] [ \ ] GO

u
t

(
= = + = = =

}
i H H
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1 1
( , ) 0 0, , 0 0, ,
4

P P PV

6
N
) L \ ] \ ] G6

u
t
= +
}
j H H
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 1
( , ) 0 0, , 0 0, ,
4

P P PV

6
N
) L \ ] \ ] G6
u u
u
t
= +
}
j H H
2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
1174
wave ratio less than 1,25 in the 40 Irequency band relative
to the mean Irequency (Iig.7), it is able to transmit a high
power and some other advantages that is indicated in the paper.
The evolutional growth pattern oI the antenna excitation are
presented in the paper (Fig.8).

Figure 6. Slot turnstile antenna pattern.

Figure 7. VSWR versus Irequency.

a)


b)

c)
Figure 8. E Iield structure
a) 0; b) 60; c) 150.

VI. CONCLUSIONS
Introduced by authors oI this paper the slot turnstile antenna
has circular pattern in a horizontal plane with horizontal
polarization radiation Iield. It has simplicity oI construction,
the wide band oI antenna matching with a Ieeder. Slot turnstile
antenna may be used, Ior example, Ior a terrestrial television
broadcast on the ultra-short waves.

REFERENCES
|1| N.I. Voytovich, D.S. Klygach, A.B. Hashimov, 'A two-sided slot
antenna radiate Iield, Herald oI the SUSU, Cheljabinsk, series oI the
computer technologies, control, electronics, issue 16, vol. 23 |282|,
pp.135-141, 2012. (In Russia)
|2| Weiland, .: A Discretization Method Ior the Solution oI Maxwell's
Equations For Six-Component Fields: Electronics and Communication,
(AE), VOL. 31, PP. 116-120, 1977.

2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
1175